test(engine): cover stale sparse trie checkout drop

Expose a public sparse trie cache and checkout lease through EngineSharedCaches, then route the engine payload processor through that API so the SDK surface is exercised in-tree.

Add a small integration smoke test and preserve the existing checkout/store sequencing guard around state-root publication.

.changelog/dry-lakes-sleep.md

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
----
-reth-trie-common: minor
-reth-trie: minor
----
-
-Added `contains_range` method to `PrefixSet` for checking if any key falls within a half-open range. Added prefix set support to `ProofCalculator` via `with_prefix_set`, enabling stale cached hash invalidation and branch collapse detection when keys are inserted or removed; propagated storage prefix sets through `SyncAccountValueEncoder`.

.changelog/dull-seals-laugh.md

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
----
-reth-trie-sparse: minor
----
-
-Fixed a bug in `ArenaParallelSparseTrie` where subtrie updates that would completely empty a subtrie were incorrectly dispatched to parallel workers instead of being processed inline, preventing correct branch collapse detection when blinded siblings are present. Refactored the `SparseTrie` test suite to accept a `fn() -> T` factory instead of requiring `T: Default`, enabling a new `arena_parallel_sparse_trie_always_parallel` test variant that exercises all tests with parallelism thresholds set to 1. Added `test_branch_collapse_multi_empty_subtries_blinded_remaining` to cover the case where removing multiple revealed leaves empties their subtries and leaves a single blinded sibling requiring a proof.

.changelog/fine-horses-whisper.md

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
----
-reth-trie-sparse: patch
----
-
-Fixed another branch collapse edge case where `check_subtrie_collapse_needs_proof` incorrectly compared removal count against total update count (including `Touched` entries), causing it to skip proof requests for blinded siblings and panic when the subtrie emptied. Added a regression test covering the removals + `Touched` + blinded sibling scenario.

.changelog/nice-whales-buzz.md

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
----
-reth-engine-tree: patch
----
-
-Added idle-time pre-computation of account trie upper hashes in the sparse trie payload processor when no pending proof results are available.

.changelog/safe-waves-cook.md

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
----
-reth-engine-tree: patch
----
-
-Downgraded per-transaction prewarm span from `debug_span!` to `trace_span!` to reduce noise in debug-level logging.

.changelog/warm-trees-grow.md

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
----
-reth-engine-primitives: patch
-reth-engine-tree: patch
-reth-node-core: patch
----
-
-Removed `--engine.enable-arena-sparse-trie` CLI flag and made the arena-based sparse trie the default implementation. The hash-map-based `ParallelSparseTrie` variant is no longer selectable.

.github/scripts/bench-job-summary.js

@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
-// Generates a rich GitHub Actions job summary for reth-bench results.
-//
-// Reads from environment:
-//   BENCH_WORK_DIR       – Directory containing summary.json
-//   BENCH_PR             – PR number (may be empty)
-//   BENCH_ACTOR          – GitHub user who triggered the bench
-//   BENCH_CORES          – CPU core limit (0 = all)
-//   BENCH_WARMUP_BLOCKS  – Number of warmup blocks
-//   BENCH_SAMPLY         – 'true' if samply profiling was enabled
-//   BENCH_ABBA           – 'true' if ABBA interleaved order was used
-//
-// Usage from actions/github-script:
-//   const jobSummary = require('./.github/scripts/bench-job-summary.js');
-//   await jobSummary({ core, context, chartSha, grafanaUrl, runId });
-
-const fs = require('fs');
-const { verdict, loadSamplyUrls, blocksLabel, metricRows, waitTimeRows } = require('./bench-utils');
-
-module.exports = async function ({ core, context, chartSha, grafanaUrl, runId }) {
-  let summary;
-  try {
-    summary = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(process.env.BENCH_WORK_DIR + '/summary.json', 'utf8'));
-  } catch (e) {
-    await core.summary.addRaw('⚠️ Benchmark completed but failed to load summary.').write();
-    return;
-  }
-
-  const repo = `${context.repo.owner}/${context.repo.repo}`;
-  const prNumber = process.env.BENCH_PR;
-  const actor = process.env.BENCH_ACTOR;
-  const commitUrl = `https://github.com/${repo}/commit`;
-
-  const { emoji, label } = verdict(summary.changes);
-  const baselineLink = `[\`${summary.baseline.name}\`](${commitUrl}/${summary.baseline.ref})`;
-  const featureLink = `[\`${summary.feature.name}\`](${commitUrl}/${summary.feature.ref})`;
-  const diffUrl = `https://github.com/${repo}/compare/${summary.baseline.ref}...${summary.feature.ref}`;
-
-  // Header & metadata
-  const metaParts = [];
-  if (prNumber) metaParts.push(`**[PR #${prNumber}](https://github.com/${repo}/pull/${prNumber})**`);
-  metaParts.push(`triggered by @${actor}`);
-
-  let md = `# ${emoji} ${label}\n\n`;
-  md += metaParts.join(' · ') + '\n\n';
-  md += `**Baseline:** ${baselineLink}\n`;
-  md += `**Feature:** ${featureLink} ([diff](${diffUrl}))\n`;
-  md += blocksLabel(summary).map(p => `**${p.key}:** ${p.value}`).join(' · ') + '\n\n';
-
-  // Main comparison table
-  const rows = metricRows(summary);
-  md += `| Metric | Baseline | Feature | Change |\n`;
-  md += `|--------|----------|---------|--------|\n`;
-  for (const r of rows) {
-    md += `| ${r.label} | ${r.baseline} | ${r.feature} | ${r.change} |\n`;
-  }
-  md += '\n';
-
-  // Wait time breakdown
-  const wtRows = waitTimeRows(summary);
-  if (wtRows.length > 0) {
-    md += `### Wait Time Breakdown\n\n`;
-    md += `| Metric | Baseline | Feature |\n`;
-    md += `|--------|----------|--------|\n`;
-    for (const r of wtRows) {
-      md += `| ${r.title} | ${r.baseline} | ${r.feature} |\n`;
-    }
-    md += '\n';
-  }
-
-  // Charts
-  if (chartSha) {
-    const prNum = prNumber || '0';
-    const baseUrl = `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/decofe/reth-bench-charts/${chartSha}/pr/${prNum}/${runId}`;
-    const charts = [
-      { file: 'latency_throughput.png', label: 'Latency, Throughput & Diff' },
-      { file: 'wait_breakdown.png', label: 'Wait Time Breakdown' },
-      { file: 'gas_vs_latency.png', label: 'Gas vs Latency' },
-    ];
-    md += `### Charts\n\n`;
-    for (const chart of charts) {
-      md += `<details><summary>${chart.label}</summary>\n\n`;
-      md += `![${chart.label}](${baseUrl}/${chart.file})\n\n`;
-      md += `</details>\n\n`;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Samply profiles
-  const samplyUrls = loadSamplyUrls(process.env.BENCH_WORK_DIR);
-  const samplyLinks = Object.entries(samplyUrls).map(([run, url]) => `- **${run}**: [Firefox Profiler](${url})`);
-  if (samplyLinks.length > 0) {
-    md += `### Samply Profiles\n\n${samplyLinks.join('\n')}\n\n`;
-  }
-
-  // Grafana
-  if (grafanaUrl) {
-    md += `### Grafana Dashboard\n\n[View real-time metrics](${grafanaUrl})\n\n`;
-  }
-
-  // Node errors
-  try {
-    const errors = fs.readFileSync(process.env.BENCH_WORK_DIR + '/errors.md', 'utf8');
-    if (errors.trim()) md += '\n' + errors + '\n';
-  } catch {}
-
-  await core.summary.addRaw(md).write();
-};

.github/scripts/bench-reth-run.sh

@@ -120,18 +120,9 @@ RETH_ARGS=(
   --no-persist-peers
 )
 
-# Gate flag on binary support (older baselines may not have it).
-# Uses --help which exits immediately via clap without node init.
-SYNC_STATE_IDLE=false
-if "$BINARY" node --help 2>/dev/null | grep -qF -- '--debug.startup-sync-state-idle'; then
-  RETH_ARGS+=(--debug.startup-sync-state-idle)
-  SYNC_STATE_IDLE=true
-fi
-
-# Big blocks mode requires the testing API, skip-invalid-transactions, and
-# skip-gas-limit-ramp-check + gas-limit override to avoid the 6800-block ramp.
+# Big blocks mode requires the testing API and skip-invalid-transactions
 if [ "$BIG_BLOCKS" = "true" ]; then
-  RETH_ARGS+=(--http.api eth,net,web3,reth,testing --rpc.max-request-size max --testing.skip-invalid-transactions --testing.skip-gas-limit-ramp-check --testing.gas-limit 1000000000)
+  RETH_ARGS+=(--http.api eth,net,web3,reth,testing --testing.skip-invalid-transactions)
 fi
 
 # Append per-label extra node args (baseline or feature)
@@ -203,7 +194,7 @@ for i in $(seq 1 60); do
     -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
     -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_blockNumber","params":[],"id":1}' \
     > /dev/null 2>&1; then
-    echo "reth (${LABEL}) RPC is up after ${i}s"
+    echo "reth (${LABEL}) is ready after ${i}s"
     break
   fi
   if [ "$i" -eq 60 ]; then
@@ -214,29 +205,6 @@ for i in $(seq 1 60); do
   sleep 1
 done
 
-# Wait for the pipeline to finish (eth_syncing returns false) so the
-# engine is in live mode and can accept newPayload calls.
-# Only possible when --debug.startup-sync-state-idle is supported.
-if [ "$SYNC_STATE_IDLE" = "true" ]; then
-  for i in $(seq 1 300); do
-    SYNC_RESULT=$(curl -sf http://127.0.0.1:8545 -X POST \
-      -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-      -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_syncing","params":[],"id":1}' 2>/dev/null || true)
-    if [ -n "$SYNC_RESULT" ] && jq -e '.result == false' <<< "$SYNC_RESULT" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
-      echo "reth (${LABEL}) pipeline finished after ${i}s, engine is live"
-      break
-    fi
-    if [ "$i" -eq 300 ]; then
-      echo "::error::reth (${LABEL}) pipeline did not finish within 300s"
-      cat "$LOG"
-      exit 1
-    fi
-    sleep 1
-  done
-else
-  echo "reth (${LABEL}) binary does not support --debug.startup-sync-state-idle, skipping sync wait"
-fi
-
 # Run reth-bench with high priority but as the current user so output
 # files are not root-owned (avoids EACCES on next checkout).
 BENCH_NICE="sudo nice -n -20 sudo -u $(id -un)"
@@ -251,8 +219,12 @@ if [ -n "${BENCH_WAIT_TIME:-}" ]; then
 fi
 
 if [ "$BIG_BLOCKS" = "true" ]; then
-  # Big blocks mode: replay pre-generated payloads
+  # Big blocks mode: replay pre-generated payloads with gas ramp
   BIG_BLOCKS_DIR="${BENCH_WORK_DIR}/big-blocks"
+  # Count gas ramp blocks for reporting
+  GAS_RAMP_COUNT=$(find "$BIG_BLOCKS_DIR/gas-ramp-dir" -name '*.json' | wc -l)
+  echo "$GAS_RAMP_COUNT" > "$OUTPUT_DIR/gas_ramp_blocks.txt"
+  echo "Gas ramp blocks: $GAS_RAMP_COUNT"
 
   # Start tracy-capture so profile only covers the benchmark
   if [ "${BENCH_TRACY:-off}" != "off" ]; then
@@ -265,6 +237,7 @@ if [ "$BIG_BLOCKS" = "true" ]; then
   echo "Running big blocks benchmark (replay-payloads)..."
   $BENCH_NICE "$RETH_BENCH" replay-payloads \
     "${EXTRA_BENCH_ARGS[@]}" \
+    --gas-ramp-dir "$BIG_BLOCKS_DIR/gas-ramp-dir" \
     --payload-dir "$BIG_BLOCKS_DIR/payloads" \
     --engine-rpc-url http://127.0.0.1:8551 \
     --jwt-secret "$DATADIR/jwt.hex" \

.github/scripts/bench-reth-snapshot.sh

@@ -1,17 +1,15 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 #
-# Downloads the latest snapshot into the schelk volume using
-# `reth download` with progress reporting to the GitHub PR comment.
+# Downloads the latest nightly snapshot into the schelk volume with
+# progress reporting to the GitHub PR comment.
 #
-# Skips the download if the manifest content hasn't changed since
-# the last successful download (checked via SHA-256 of the manifest).
+# Skips the download if the local ETag marker matches the remote one.
 #
 # Usage: bench-reth-snapshot.sh [--check]
-#   --check   Only check if a download is needed; exits 0 if up-to-date, 10 if not.
+#   --check   Only check if a download is needed; exits 0 if up-to-date, 1 if not.
 #
 # Required env:
 #   SCHELK_MOUNT       – schelk mount point (e.g. /reth-bench)
-#   BENCH_RETH_BINARY  – path to the reth binary
 #   GITHUB_TOKEN       – token for GitHub API calls (only for download)
 #   BENCH_COMMENT_ID   – PR comment ID to update (optional)
 #   BENCH_REPO         – owner/repo (e.g. paradigmxyz/reth)
@@ -20,65 +18,52 @@
 #   BENCH_CONFIG       – config summary line
 set -euo pipefail
 
-MC="mc"
-BUCKET="minio/reth-snapshots"
-MANIFEST_PATH="reth-1-minimal-stable/manifest.json"
+BUCKET="minio/reth-snapshots/reth-1-minimal-nightly-previous.tar.zst"
 DATADIR="$SCHELK_MOUNT/datadir"
-HASH_FILE="$HOME/.reth-bench-snapshot-hash"
+ETAG_FILE="$HOME/.reth-bench-snapshot-etag"
 
-# Fetch manifest and compute content hash for reliable freshness check
-MANIFEST_CONTENT=$($MC cat "${BUCKET}/${MANIFEST_PATH}" 2>/dev/null) || {
-  echo "::error::Failed to fetch snapshot manifest from ${BUCKET}/${MANIFEST_PATH}"
-  exit 2
-}
-REMOTE_HASH=$(echo "$MANIFEST_CONTENT" | sha256sum | awk '{print $1}')
+# Get remote metadata via JSON for reliable parsing
+MC_STAT=$(mc stat --json "$BUCKET" 2>/dev/null || true)
+REMOTE_ETAG=$(echo "$MC_STAT" | jq -r '.etag // empty')
+if [ -z "$REMOTE_ETAG" ]; then
+  echo "::warning::Failed to get ETag from mc stat, will re-download"
+  REMOTE_ETAG="unknown-$(date +%s)"
+fi
 
-LOCAL_HASH=""
-[ -f "$HASH_FILE" ] && LOCAL_HASH=$(cat "$HASH_FILE")
+LOCAL_ETAG=""
+[ -f "$ETAG_FILE" ] && LOCAL_ETAG=$(cat "$ETAG_FILE")
 
-if [ "$REMOTE_HASH" = "$LOCAL_HASH" ]; then
-  echo "Snapshot is up-to-date (manifest hash: ${REMOTE_HASH:0:16}…)"
+if [ "$REMOTE_ETAG" = "$LOCAL_ETAG" ]; then
+  echo "Snapshot is up-to-date (ETag: ${REMOTE_ETAG})"
+  if [ "${1:-}" = "--check" ]; then
+    exit 0
+  fi
   exit 0
 fi
 
-echo "Snapshot needs update (local: ${LOCAL_HASH:+${LOCAL_HASH:0:16}…}${LOCAL_HASH:-<none>}, remote: ${REMOTE_HASH:0:16}…)"
+echo "Snapshot needs update (local: ${LOCAL_ETAG:-<none>}, remote: ${REMOTE_ETAG})"
 if [ "${1:-}" = "--check" ]; then
-  exit 10
-fi
-
-RETH="${BENCH_RETH_BINARY:?BENCH_RETH_BINARY must be set}"
-if [ ! -x "$RETH" ]; then
-  echo "::error::reth binary not found or not executable at $RETH"
   exit 1
 fi
 
-# Resolve the MinIO HTTP endpoint from the mc alias so reth can
-# fetch archives over HTTP (the manifest's embedded base_url points
-# to the cluster-internal address which is unreachable from runners).
-MINIO_ENDPOINT=$($MC alias list minio --json 2>/dev/null | jq -r '.URL // empty') || true
-if [ -z "$MINIO_ENDPOINT" ]; then
-  echo "::error::Failed to resolve MinIO endpoint from mc alias 'minio'"
+# Get compressed size for progress tracking
+TOTAL_BYTES=$(echo "$MC_STAT" | jq -r '.size // empty')
+if [ -z "$TOTAL_BYTES" ] || [ "$TOTAL_BYTES" = "0" ]; then
+  echo "::error::Failed to get snapshot size from mc stat"
   exit 1
 fi
-BASE_URL="${MINIO_ENDPOINT}/reth-snapshots/reth-1-minimal-stable"
-
-# Rewrite manifest's base_url with the runner-reachable endpoint
-MANIFEST_TMP=$(mktemp --suffix=.json)
-trap 'rm -f -- "$MANIFEST_TMP"' EXIT
-echo "$MANIFEST_CONTENT" \
-  | jq --arg base "$BASE_URL" '.base_url = $base' > "$MANIFEST_TMP"
+echo "Snapshot size: $TOTAL_BYTES bytes ($(numfmt --to=iec "$TOTAL_BYTES"))"
 
 # Prepare mount
 mountpoint -q "$SCHELK_MOUNT" && sudo schelk recover -y || true
 sudo schelk mount -y
 sudo rm -rf "$DATADIR"
 sudo mkdir -p "$DATADIR"
-# reth download runs as current user (not root), needs write access
-sudo chown -R "$(id -u):$(id -g)" "$DATADIR"
 
 update_comment() {
-  local status="$1"
+  local pct="$1"
   [ -z "${BENCH_COMMENT_ID:-}" ] && return 0
+  local status="Building binaries & downloading snapshot… ${pct}%"
   local body
   body="$(printf 'cc @%s\n\n🚀 Benchmark started! [View job](%s)\n\n⏳ **Status:** %s\n\n%s' \
     "$BENCH_ACTOR" "$BENCH_JOB_URL" "$status" "$BENCH_CONFIG")"
@@ -90,31 +75,53 @@ update_comment() {
     > /dev/null 2>&1 || true
 }
 
-update_comment "Downloading snapshot…"
+# Track compressed bytes flowing through the pipe
+DL_BYTES_FILE=$(mktemp)
+echo 0 > "$DL_BYTES_FILE"
 
-# Download using reth download (manifest-path with rewritten base_url)
-"$RETH" download \
-  --manifest-path "$MANIFEST_TMP" \
-  -y \
-  --minimal \
-  --datadir "$DATADIR"
+# Start progress reporter in background
+(
+  while true; do
+    sleep 10
+    CURRENT=$(cat "$DL_BYTES_FILE" 2>/dev/null || echo 0)
+    if [ "$TOTAL_BYTES" -gt 0 ]; then
+      PCT=$(( CURRENT * 100 / TOTAL_BYTES ))
+      [ "$PCT" -gt 100 ] && PCT=100
+      echo "Snapshot download: $(numfmt --to=iec "$CURRENT") / $(numfmt --to=iec "$TOTAL_BYTES") (${PCT}%)"
+      update_comment "$PCT"
+    fi
+  done
+) &
+PROGRESS_PID=$!
+trap 'kill $PROGRESS_PID 2>/dev/null || true; rm -f "$DL_BYTES_FILE"' EXIT
 
-update_comment "Downloading snapshot… done"
+# Download and extract; python byte counter tracks compressed bytes received
+mc cat "$BUCKET" | python3 -c "
+import sys
+count = 0
+while True:
+    data = sys.stdin.buffer.read(1048576)
+    if not data:
+        break
+    count += len(data)
+    sys.stdout.buffer.write(data)
+    with open('$DL_BYTES_FILE', 'w') as f:
+        f.write(str(count))
+" | pzstd -d -p 6 | sudo tar -xf - -C "$DATADIR"
+
+# Stop progress reporter
+kill $PROGRESS_PID 2>/dev/null || true
+wait $PROGRESS_PID 2>/dev/null || true
+
+update_comment "100"
 echo "Snapshot download complete"
 
-# Sanity check: verify expected directories exist
-if [ ! -d "$DATADIR/db" ] || [ ! -d "$DATADIR/static_files" ]; then
-  echo "::error::Snapshot download did not produce expected directory layout (missing db/ or static_files/)"
-  ls -la "$DATADIR" || true
-  exit 1
-fi
-
 # Promote the new snapshot to become the schelk baseline (virgin volume).
 # This copies changed blocks from scratch → virgin so that future
 # `schelk recover` calls restore to this new state.
 sync
 sudo schelk promote -y
 
-# Save manifest hash
-echo "$REMOTE_HASH" > "$HASH_FILE"
-echo "Snapshot promoted to schelk baseline (manifest hash: ${REMOTE_HASH:0:16}…)"
+# Save ETag marker
+echo "$REMOTE_ETAG" > "$ETAG_FILE"
+echo "Snapshot promoted to schelk baseline (ETag: ${REMOTE_ETAG})"

.github/scripts/bench-reth-summary.py

@@ -472,6 +472,7 @@ def main():
     parser.add_argument("--feature-ref", "--branch-sha", "--feature-sha", default=None, help="Feature commit SHA")
     parser.add_argument("--behind-baseline", "--behind-main", type=int, default=0, help="Commits behind baseline")
     parser.add_argument("--big-blocks", action="store_true", default=False, help="Big blocks mode")
+    parser.add_argument("--gas-ramp-blocks", type=int, default=0, help="Number of gas ramp blocks (big blocks mode)")
     parser.add_argument("--grafana-url", default=None, help="Grafana dashboard URL for this benchmark run")
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
@@ -553,6 +554,7 @@ def main():
     summary = {
         "blocks": paired_stats["blocks"],
         "big_blocks": args.big_blocks,
+        "gas_ramp_blocks": args.gas_ramp_blocks,
         "baseline": {
             "name": baseline_name,
             "ref": baseline_ref,

.github/scripts/bench-scheduled-refs.sh

@@ -1,132 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-#
-# Resolves baseline and feature refs for nightly regression benchmark runs.
-#
-# Queries the latest successful scheduled docker.yml run via GitHub API
-# to find the commit that built the nightly Docker image. Compares with
-# the last successful feature ref (from GH Actions cache) to determine
-# baseline, detect staleness, and decide whether to skip.
-#
-# Usage: bench-nightly-refs.sh [--force]
-#
-# Outputs (via GITHUB_OUTPUT):
-#   baseline-ref    — commit SHA for baseline
-#   feature-ref     — commit SHA for feature (current nightly)
-#   should-skip     — "true" if no new nightly since last run
-#   is-stale        — "true" if latest nightly build is >24h old
-#   stale-age-hours — age of the nightly build in hours (only if stale)
-#   nightly-created — ISO timestamp of the nightly build
-#
-# Reads:
-#   .nightly-state/last-feature-ref (from GH Actions cache, may not exist)
-#
-# Requires: gh (GitHub CLI), jq, date
-set -euo pipefail
-
-FORCE="${1:-false}"
-REPO="${GITHUB_REPOSITORY:-paradigmxyz/reth}"
-
-# --- Step 1: Query latest successful scheduled docker.yml run ---
-echo "::group::Querying latest nightly docker build"
-
-RUNS_JSON=$(gh run list \
-  -R "$REPO" \
-  --workflow=docker.yml \
-  --event=schedule \
-  --status=completed \
-  --limit 5 \
-  --json headSha,createdAt,conclusion)
-
-# Find the most recent successful run
-LATEST=$(echo "$RUNS_JSON" | jq -r '[.[] | select(.conclusion == "success")] | first // empty')
-
-if [ -z "$LATEST" ]; then
-  echo "::error::No successful scheduled docker.yml run found in the last 5 runs"
-  echo "Runs found: $RUNS_JSON"
-  exit 1
-fi
-
-FEATURE_REF=$(echo "$LATEST" | jq -r '.headSha')
-CREATED_AT=$(echo "$LATEST" | jq -r '.createdAt')
-echo "Latest nightly commit: $FEATURE_REF"
-echo "Built at: $CREATED_AT"
-echo "::endgroup::"
-
-# --- Step 2: Staleness check ---
-echo "::group::Checking staleness"
-NOW_EPOCH=$(date +%s)
-# Handle both GNU date (-d) and BSD date (-j -f) for cross-platform compat
-CREATED_EPOCH=$(date -d "$CREATED_AT" +%s 2>/dev/null || \
-  date -j -f "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ" "$CREATED_AT" +%s 2>/dev/null || \
-  date -j -f "%Y-%m-%dT%T%z" "$CREATED_AT" +%s 2>/dev/null || \
-  { echo "::error::Cannot parse date: $CREATED_AT"; exit 1; })
-
-AGE_SECONDS=$(( NOW_EPOCH - CREATED_EPOCH ))
-AGE_HOURS=$(( AGE_SECONDS / 3600 ))
-IS_STALE="false"
-
-if [ "$AGE_HOURS" -gt 24 ]; then
-  IS_STALE="true"
-  echo "::warning::STALE NIGHTLY: Build is ${AGE_HOURS}h old (>24h threshold)"
-  echo "This indicates the nightly docker build failed — no new image was produced"
-else
-  echo "Nightly build age: ${AGE_HOURS}h (within 24h threshold)"
-fi
-echo "::endgroup::"
-
-# --- Step 3: Read last successful feature ref from cache ---
-echo "::group::Reading cached state"
-LAST_FEATURE_REF=""
-STATE_FILE=".nightly-state/last-feature-ref"
-if [ -f "$STATE_FILE" ]; then
-  LAST_FEATURE_REF=$(tr -d '[:space:]' < "$STATE_FILE")
-  echo "Previous feature ref: $LAST_FEATURE_REF"
-else
-  echo "No cached state found (first run)"
-fi
-echo "::endgroup::"
-
-# --- Step 4: Determine baseline and skip logic ---
-echo "::group::Resolving refs"
-SHOULD_SKIP="false"
-BASELINE_REF="$FEATURE_REF"  # default for first run
-
-if [ "$IS_STALE" = "true" ]; then
-  # Stale = error path, don't skip (will alert and fail downstream)
-  SHOULD_SKIP="false"
-  BASELINE_REF="${LAST_FEATURE_REF:-$FEATURE_REF}"
-  echo "Stale nightly detected — will alert and fail"
-elif [ -z "$LAST_FEATURE_REF" ]; then
-  # First run: baseline = feature (self-comparison to establish baseline)
-  BASELINE_REF="$FEATURE_REF"
-  echo "First run — will benchmark nightly against itself to establish baseline"
-elif [ "$LAST_FEATURE_REF" = "$FEATURE_REF" ]; then
-  # No new nightly since last successful run
-  if [ "$FORCE" = "true" ] || [ "$FORCE" = "--force" ]; then
-    echo "No new nightly, but force=true — running anyway"
-    BASELINE_REF="$LAST_FEATURE_REF"
-  else
-    SHOULD_SKIP="true"
-    echo "No new nightly since last run — will skip"
-  fi
-else
-  # Normal case: new nightly available
-  BASELINE_REF="$LAST_FEATURE_REF"
-  echo "New nightly detected"
-fi
-
-echo "Baseline: $BASELINE_REF"
-echo "Feature:  $FEATURE_REF"
-echo "Skip:     $SHOULD_SKIP"
-echo "Stale:    $IS_STALE"
-echo "::endgroup::"
-
-# --- Step 5: Write outputs ---
-{
-  echo "baseline-ref=$BASELINE_REF"
-  echo "feature-ref=$FEATURE_REF"
-  echo "should-skip=$SHOULD_SKIP"
-  echo "is-stale=$IS_STALE"
-  echo "stale-age-hours=$AGE_HOURS"
-  echo "nightly-created=$CREATED_AT"
-} >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"

.github/scripts/bench-slack-notify.js

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 
 const fs = require('fs');
 const path = require('path');
-const { fmtChange, fmtMs, verdict, loadSamplyUrls, blocksLabel, metricRows, waitTimeRows } = require('./bench-utils');
 
 const SLACK_API = 'https://slack.com/api/chat.postMessage';
 
@@ -62,17 +61,41 @@ function cell(text) {
   return { type: 'raw_text', text: s || ' ' };
 }
 
-// Slack shortcodes for verdict (Block Kit header doesn't support unicode emoji)
-const SLACK_VERDICT = {
-  '⚠️': ':warning:',
-  '❌': ':x:',
-  '✅': ':white_check_mark:',
-  '⚪': ':white_circle:',
-};
-
 function buildSuccessBlocks({ summary, prNumber, actor, actorSlackId, jobUrl, repo, samplyUrls }) {
-  const { emoji, label } = verdict(summary.changes);
-  const headerEmoji = SLACK_VERDICT[emoji] || emoji;
+  const b = summary.baseline.stats;
+  const f = summary.feature.stats;
+  const c = summary.changes;
+
+  const sigEmoji = { good: '\u2705', bad: '\u274c', neutral: '\u26aa' };
+
+  function fmtMs(v) { return v.toFixed(2) + 'ms'; }
+  function fmtMgas(v) { return v.toFixed(2); }
+  function fmtS(v) { return v.toFixed(2) + 's'; }
+  function fmtChange(ch) {
+    if (!ch.pct && !ch.ci_pct) return ' ';
+    const pctStr = `${ch.pct >= 0 ? '+' : ''}${ch.pct.toFixed(2)}%`;
+    const ciStr = ch.ci_pct ? ` (\u00b1${ch.ci_pct.toFixed(2)}%)` : '';
+    return `${pctStr}${ciStr} ${sigEmoji[ch.sig]}`;
+  }
+
+  // Overall result for header
+  const vals = Object.values(c);
+  const hasBad = vals.some(v => v.sig === 'bad');
+  const hasGood = vals.some(v => v.sig === 'good');
+  let headerEmoji, headerResult;
+  if (hasBad && hasGood) {
+    headerEmoji = ':warning:';
+    headerResult = 'Mixed Results';
+  } else if (hasBad) {
+    headerEmoji = ':x:';
+    headerResult = 'Regression';
+  } else if (hasGood) {
+    headerEmoji = ':white_check_mark:';
+    headerResult = 'Improvement';
+  } else {
+    headerEmoji = ':white_circle:';
+    headerResult = 'No Difference';
+  }
 
   const prUrl = prNumber ? `https://github.com/${repo}/pull/${prNumber}` : '';
   const commitUrl = `https://github.com/${repo}/commit`;
@@ -97,7 +120,19 @@ function buildSuccessBlocks({ summary, prNumber, actor, actorSlackId, jobUrl, re
   if (fl1) featureLine += ` | <${fl1}|Samply 1>`;
   if (fl2) featureLine += ` | <${fl2}|Samply 2>`;
 
-  const countsLine = blocksLabel(summary).map(p => `*${p.key}:* ${p.value}`).join(' | ');
+  const cores = process.env.BENCH_CORES || '0';
+  const countsParts = [];
+  if (summary.big_blocks) {
+    const gasRamp = summary.gas_ramp_blocks || 0;
+    if (gasRamp > 0) countsParts.push(`*Gas Ramp:* ${gasRamp}`);
+    countsParts.push(`*Big Blocks:* ${summary.blocks}`);
+  } else {
+    const warmup = summary.warmup_blocks || process.env.BENCH_WARMUP_BLOCKS || '';
+    if (warmup) countsParts.push(`*Warmup:* ${warmup}`);
+    countsParts.push(`*Blocks:* ${summary.blocks}`);
+  }
+  if (cores !== '0') countsParts.push(`*Cores:* ${cores}`);
+  const countsLine = countsParts.join(' | ');
 
   const baselineArgs = process.env.BENCH_BASELINE_ARGS || '';
   const featureArgs = process.env.BENCH_FEATURE_ARGS || '';
@@ -124,17 +159,10 @@ function buildSuccessBlocks({ summary, prNumber, actor, actorSlackId, jobUrl, re
     },
   ];
 
-  // Build table rows from shared metricRows
-  const rows = metricRows(summary);
-  const tableRows = [
-    [cell('Metric'), cell('Baseline'), cell('Feature'), cell('Change')],
-    ...rows.map(r => [cell(r.label), cell(r.baseline), cell(r.feature), cell(r.change || ' ')]),
-  ];
-
   const blocks = [
     {
       type: 'header',
-      text: { type: 'plain_text', text: `${headerEmoji} ${label}`, emoji: true },
+      text: { type: 'plain_text', text: `${headerEmoji} ${headerResult}`, emoji: true },
     },
     {
       type: 'section',
@@ -148,7 +176,16 @@ function buildSuccessBlocks({ summary, prNumber, actor, actorSlackId, jobUrl, re
         { align: 'right' },
         { align: 'right' },
       ],
-      rows: tableRows,
+      rows: [
+        [cell('Metric'),  cell('Baseline'), cell('Feature'), cell('Change')],
+        [cell('Mean'),     cell(fmtMs(b.mean_ms)),      cell(fmtMs(f.mean_ms)),      cell(fmtChange(c.mean))],
+        [cell('StdDev'),   cell(fmtMs(b.stddev_ms)),    cell(fmtMs(f.stddev_ms)),    cell(' ')],
+        [cell('P50'),      cell(fmtMs(b.p50_ms)),       cell(fmtMs(f.p50_ms)),       cell(fmtChange(c.p50))],
+        [cell('P90'),      cell(fmtMs(b.p90_ms)),       cell(fmtMs(f.p90_ms)),       cell(fmtChange(c.p90))],
+        [cell('P99'),      cell(fmtMs(b.p99_ms)),       cell(fmtMs(f.p99_ms)),       cell(fmtChange(c.p99))],
+        [cell('Mgas/s'),   cell(fmtMgas(b.mean_mgas_s)), cell(fmtMgas(f.mean_mgas_s)), cell(fmtChange(c.mgas_s))],
+        [cell('Wall Clock'), cell(fmtS(b.wall_clock_s)), cell(fmtS(f.wall_clock_s)), cell(fmtChange(c.wall_clock))],
+      ],
     },
     {
       type: 'actions',
@@ -158,12 +195,16 @@ function buildSuccessBlocks({ summary, prNumber, actor, actorSlackId, jobUrl, re
 
   // Wait times as a separate table block (sent as threaded reply due to Slack one-table limit)
   const threadBlocks = [];
-  const wtRows = waitTimeRows(summary);
-  if (wtRows.length > 0) {
-    const waitTableRows = [
+  const waitTimes = summary.wait_times || {};
+  const waitKeys = Object.keys(waitTimes);
+  if (waitKeys.length > 0) {
+    const waitRows = [
       [cell('Wait Time'), cell('Baseline'), cell('Feature')],
-      ...wtRows.map(r => [cell(r.title), cell(r.baseline), cell(r.feature)]),
     ];
+    for (const key of waitKeys) {
+      const wt = waitTimes[key];
+      waitRows.push([cell(wt.title), cell(fmtMs(wt.baseline.mean_ms)), cell(fmtMs(wt.feature.mean_ms))]);
+    }
     threadBlocks.push({
       type: 'table',
       column_settings: [
@@ -171,7 +212,7 @@ function buildSuccessBlocks({ summary, prNumber, actor, actorSlackId, jobUrl, re
         { align: 'right' },
         { align: 'right' },
       ],
-      rows: waitTableRows,
+      rows: waitRows,
     });
   }
 
@@ -233,7 +274,16 @@ async function success({ core, context }) {
   const jobUrl = process.env.BENCH_JOB_URL ||
     `${context.serverUrl}/${context.repo.owner}/${context.repo.repo}/actions/runs/${context.runId}`;
 
-  const samplyUrls = loadSamplyUrls(process.env.BENCH_WORK_DIR);
+  // Load samply profile URLs (files exist when samply profiling was enabled)
+  const samplyUrls = {};
+  for (const run of ['baseline-1', 'baseline-2', 'feature-1', 'feature-2']) {
+    try {
+      const url = fs.readFileSync(
+        path.join(process.env.BENCH_WORK_DIR, run, 'samply-profile-url.txt'), 'utf8'
+      ).trim();
+      if (url) samplyUrls[run] = url;
+    } catch {}
+  }
 
   const slackUsers = loadSlackUsers(process.env.GITHUB_WORKSPACE || '.');
   const actorSlackId = slackUsers[actor];

.github/scripts/bench-utils.js

@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-// Shared utilities for reth-bench result rendering.
-//
-// Used by bench-job-summary.js and bench-slack-notify.js.
-
-const fs = require('fs');
-const path = require('path');
-
-const SIG_EMOJI = { good: '✅', bad: '❌', neutral: '⚪' };
-
-function fmtMs(v) { return v.toFixed(2) + 'ms'; }
-function fmtMgas(v) { return v.toFixed(2); }
-function fmtS(v) { return v.toFixed(2) + 's'; }
-
-function fmtChange(ch) {
-  if (!ch || (!ch.pct && !ch.ci_pct)) return '';
-  const pctStr = `${ch.pct >= 0 ? '+' : ''}${ch.pct.toFixed(2)}%`;
-  const ciStr = ch.ci_pct ? ` (±${ch.ci_pct.toFixed(2)}%)` : '';
-  return `${pctStr}${ciStr} ${SIG_EMOJI[ch.sig]}`;
-}
-
-function verdict(changes) {
-  const vals = Object.values(changes);
-  const hasBad = vals.some(v => v.sig === 'bad');
-  const hasGood = vals.some(v => v.sig === 'good');
-  if (hasBad && hasGood) return { emoji: '⚠️', label: 'Mixed Results' };
-  if (hasBad) return { emoji: '❌', label: 'Regression' };
-  if (hasGood) return { emoji: '✅', label: 'Improvement' };
-  return { emoji: '⚪', label: 'No Difference' };
-}
-
-function loadSamplyUrls(workDir) {
-  const urls = {};
-  for (const run of ['baseline-1', 'baseline-2', 'feature-1', 'feature-2']) {
-    try {
-      const url = fs.readFileSync(path.join(workDir, run, 'samply-profile-url.txt'), 'utf8').trim();
-      if (url) urls[run] = url;
-    } catch {}
-  }
-  return urls;
-}
-
-function blocksLabel(summary) {
-  const parts = [];
-  if (summary.big_blocks) {
-    parts.push({ key: 'Big Blocks', value: summary.blocks });
-  } else {
-    const warmup = summary.warmup_blocks || process.env.BENCH_WARMUP_BLOCKS || '';
-    if (warmup) parts.push({ key: 'Warmup', value: warmup });
-    parts.push({ key: 'Blocks', value: summary.blocks });
-  }
-  const cores = process.env.BENCH_CORES || '0';
-  if (cores !== '0') parts.push({ key: 'Cores', value: cores });
-  return parts;
-}
-
-// The 7 metric rows shared by all renderers.
-// Returns an array of { label, baseline, feature, change } objects.
-function metricRows(summary) {
-  const b = summary.baseline.stats;
-  const f = summary.feature.stats;
-  const c = summary.changes;
-  return [
-    { label: 'Mean',       baseline: fmtMs(b.mean_ms),       feature: fmtMs(f.mean_ms),       change: fmtChange(c.mean) },
-    { label: 'StdDev',     baseline: fmtMs(b.stddev_ms),     feature: fmtMs(f.stddev_ms),     change: '' },
-    { label: 'P50',        baseline: fmtMs(b.p50_ms),        feature: fmtMs(f.p50_ms),        change: fmtChange(c.p50) },
-    { label: 'P90',        baseline: fmtMs(b.p90_ms),        feature: fmtMs(f.p90_ms),        change: fmtChange(c.p90) },
-    { label: 'P99',        baseline: fmtMs(b.p99_ms),        feature: fmtMs(f.p99_ms),        change: fmtChange(c.p99) },
-    { label: 'Mgas/s',     baseline: fmtMgas(b.mean_mgas_s), feature: fmtMgas(f.mean_mgas_s), change: fmtChange(c.mgas_s) },
-    { label: 'Wall Clock', baseline: fmtS(b.wall_clock_s),   feature: fmtS(f.wall_clock_s),   change: fmtChange(c.wall_clock) },
-  ];
-}
-
-// Wait time rows: one row per metric showing mean values.
-function waitTimeRows(summary) {
-  const waitTimes = summary.wait_times || {};
-  const rows = [];
-  for (const key of Object.keys(waitTimes)) {
-    const wt = waitTimes[key];
-    rows.push({ title: wt.title, baseline: fmtMs(wt.baseline.mean_ms), feature: fmtMs(wt.feature.mean_ms) });
-  }
-  return rows;
-}
-
-module.exports = {
-  SIG_EMOJI,
-  fmtMs,
-  fmtMgas,
-  fmtS,
-  fmtChange,
-  verdict,
-  loadSamplyUrls,
-  blocksLabel,
-  metricRows,
-  waitTimeRows,
-};

.github/scripts/hive/Dockerfile

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # 
 # We'll use cargo-chef to speed up the build
 # 
-FROM lukemathwalker/cargo-chef:latest-rust-1.94.0-trixie AS chef
+FROM lukemathwalker/cargo-chef:latest-rust-1 AS chef
 WORKDIR /app
 
 # Install system dependencies

.github/scripts/hive/build_simulators.sh

@@ -9,17 +9,10 @@ go build .
 
 ./hive -client reth # first builds and caches the client
 
-# Run each hive command in the background for each simulator and wait 
+# Run each hive command in the background for each simulator and wait
 echo "Building images"
 # TODO: test code has been moved from https://github.com/ethereum/execution-spec-tests to https://github.com/ethereum/execution-specs  we need to pin eels branch with `--sim.buildarg branch=<release-branch-name>` once we have the fusaka release tagged on the new repo
-./hive -client reth --sim "ethereum/eels/consume-engine" \
-    --sim.buildarg fixtures=https://github.com/ethereum/execution-spec-tests/releases/download/bal@v5.1.0/fixtures_bal.tar.gz \
-    --sim.buildarg branch=err-map-3 \
-    --sim.timelimit 1s || true &
-./hive -client reth --sim "ethereum/eels/consume-rlp" \
-    --sim.buildarg fixtures=https://github.com/ethereum/execution-spec-tests/releases/download/bal@v5.1.0/fixtures_bal.tar.gz \
-    --sim.buildarg branch=err-map-3 \
-    --sim.timelimit 1s || true &
+./hive -client reth --sim "ethereum/eels" --sim.buildarg fixtures=https://github.com/ethereum/execution-spec-tests/releases/download/v5.3.0/fixtures_develop.tar.gz -sim.timelimit 1s || true &
 ./hive -client reth --sim "ethereum/engine" -sim.timelimit 1s || true &
 ./hive -client reth --sim "devp2p" -sim.timelimit 1s || true &
 ./hive -client reth --sim "ethereum/rpc-compat" -sim.timelimit 1s || true &

.github/scripts/hive/expected_failures.yaml

@@ -16,19 +16,15 @@ rpc-compat:
   # syncing mode, the test expects syncing to be false on start
   - eth_syncing/check-syncing (reth)
 
-engine-withdrawals: []
+engine-withdrawals: [ ]
 
-engine-api: []
+engine-api: [ ]
 
-engine-cancun:
-  - Invalid PayloadAttributes, Missing BeaconRoot, Syncing=True (Cancun) (reth)
-  # the test fails with older versions of the code for which it passed before, probably related to changes
-  # in hive or its dependencies
-  - Blob Transaction Ordering, Multiple Clients (Cancun) (reth)
+engine-cancun: [ ]
 
-sync: []
+sync: [ ]
 
-engine-auth: []
+engine-auth: [ ]
 
 # EIP-7610 related tests (Revert creation in case of non-empty storage):
 #
@@ -46,10 +42,6 @@ engine-auth: []
 #
 # System contract tests (already fixed and deployed):
 #
-# tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout and test_invalid_log_length
-#   System contract is already fixed and deployed; tests cover scenarios where contract is
-#   malformed which can't happen retroactively. No point in adding checks.
-#
 # tests/prague/eip7002_el_triggerable_withdrawals/test_contract_deployment.py::test_system_contract_deployment
 # tests/prague/eip7251_consolidations/test_contract_deployment.py::test_system_contract_deployment
 #   Post-fork system contract deployment tests. Should fix for spec compliance but not realistic
@@ -58,44 +50,8 @@ eels/consume-engine:
   - tests/prague/eip7702_set_code_tx/test_set_code_txs.py::test_set_code_to_non_empty_storage[fork_Prague-blockchain_test_engine-zero_nonce]-reth
   - tests/prague/eip7251_consolidations/test_contract_deployment.py::test_system_contract_deployment[fork_CancunToPragueAtTime15k-blockchain_test_engine-deploy_after_fork-nonzero_balance]-reth
   - tests/prague/eip7251_consolidations/test_contract_deployment.py::test_system_contract_deployment[fork_CancunToPragueAtTime15k-blockchain_test_engine-deploy_after_fork-zero_balance]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Prague-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_amount_offset-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Prague-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_amount_size-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Prague-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_index_offset-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Prague-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_index_size-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Prague-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_pubkey_offset-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Prague-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_pubkey_size-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Prague-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_signature_offset-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Prague-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_signature_size-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Prague-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_withdrawal_credentials_offset-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Prague-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_withdrawal_credentials_size-value_zero]-reth
   - tests/prague/eip7002_el_triggerable_withdrawals/test_contract_deployment.py::test_system_contract_deployment[fork_CancunToPragueAtTime15k-blockchain_test_engine-deploy_after_fork-nonzero_balance]-reth
   - tests/prague/eip7002_el_triggerable_withdrawals/test_contract_deployment.py::test_system_contract_deployment[fork_CancunToPragueAtTime15k-blockchain_test_engine-deploy_after_fork-zero_balance]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_log_length[fork_Prague-blockchain_test_engine-slice_bytes_False]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_log_length[fork_Prague-blockchain_test_engine-slice_bytes_True]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Osaka-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_amount_offset-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Osaka-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_amount_size-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Osaka-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_index_offset-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Osaka-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_index_size-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Osaka-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_pubkey_offset-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Osaka-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_pubkey_size-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Osaka-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_signature_offset-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Osaka-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_signature_size-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Osaka-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_withdrawal_credentials_offset-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Osaka-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_withdrawal_credentials_size-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_log_length[fork_Osaka-blockchain_test_engine-slice_bytes_False]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_log_length[fork_Osaka-blockchain_test_engine-slice_bytes_True]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_index_size-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_index_offset-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_log_length[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_engine-slice_bytes_True]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_log_length[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_engine-slice_bytes_False]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_pubkey_size-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_pubkey_offset-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_withdrawal_credentials_size-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_withdrawal_credentials_offset-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_amount_size-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_amount_offset-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_signature_size-value_zero]-reth
-  - tests/prague/eip6110_deposits/test_modified_contract.py::test_invalid_layout[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_engine-log_argument_signature_offset-value_zero]-reth
   - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_tx[fork_Osaka-tx_type_0-blockchain_test_engine_from_state_test-non-empty-balance-revert-initcode]-reth
   - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_tx[fork_Prague-tx_type_0-blockchain_test_engine_from_state_test-non-empty-balance-correct-initcode]-reth
   - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_tx[fork_Paris-tx_type_1-blockchain_test_engine_from_state_test-non-empty-balance-correct-initcode]-reth
@@ -146,20 +102,6 @@ eels/consume-engine:
   - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_tx[fork_Prague-tx_type_1-blockchain_test_engine_from_state_test-non-empty-balance-revert-initcode]-reth
   - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_tx[fork_Prague-tx_type_2-blockchain_test_engine_from_state_test-non-empty-balance-revert-initcode]-reth
   - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_tx[fork_Shanghai-tx_type_0-blockchain_test_engine_from_state_test-non-empty-balance-correct-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_opcode[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_engine_from_state_test-opcode_CREATE2-non-empty-balance-correct-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_revert_in_create.py::test_collision_with_create2_revert_in_initcode[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_engine_from_state_test]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_revert_in_create.py::test_create2_collision_storage[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_engine_from_state_test-initcode-with-deploy]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_opcode[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_engine_from_state_test-opcode_CREATE2-non-empty-balance-revert-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_revert_in_create.py::test_create2_collision_storage[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_engine_from_state_test-empty-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_revert_in_create.py::test_create2_collision_storage[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_engine_from_state_test-sstore-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_tx[fork_Amsterdam-tx_type_2-blockchain_test_engine_from_state_test-non-empty-balance-revert-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_tx[fork_Amsterdam-tx_type_2-blockchain_test_engine_from_state_test-non-empty-balance-correct-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_tx[fork_Amsterdam-tx_type_1-blockchain_test_engine_from_state_test-non-empty-balance-correct-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_tx[fork_Amsterdam-tx_type_1-blockchain_test_engine_from_state_test-non-empty-balance-revert-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_opcode[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_engine_from_state_test-opcode_CREATE-non-empty-balance-correct-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_tx[fork_Amsterdam-tx_type_0-blockchain_test_engine_from_state_test-non-empty-balance-correct-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_tx[fork_Amsterdam-tx_type_0-blockchain_test_engine_from_state_test-non-empty-balance-revert-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_opcode[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_engine_from_state_test-opcode_CREATE-non-empty-balance-revert-initcode]-reth
 
 # Blob limit tests:
 #
@@ -254,17 +196,3 @@ eels/consume-rlp:
   - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_tx[fork_Prague-tx_type_1-blockchain_test_from_state_test-non-empty-balance-revert-initcode]-reth
   - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_tx[fork_Prague-tx_type_2-blockchain_test_from_state_test-non-empty-balance-revert-initcode]-reth
   - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_tx[fork_Shanghai-tx_type_0-blockchain_test_from_state_test-non-empty-balance-correct-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_revert_in_create.py::test_create2_collision_storage[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_from_state_test-initcode-with-deploy]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_revert_in_create.py::test_create2_collision_storage[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_from_state_test-sstore-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_tx[fork_Amsterdam-tx_type_2-blockchain_test_from_state_test-non-empty-balance-correct-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_tx[fork_Amsterdam-tx_type_2-blockchain_test_from_state_test-non-empty-balance-revert-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_tx[fork_Amsterdam-tx_type_1-blockchain_test_from_state_test-non-empty-balance-revert-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_revert_in_create.py::test_collision_with_create2_revert_in_initcode[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_from_state_test]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_tx[fork_Amsterdam-tx_type_1-blockchain_test_from_state_test-non-empty-balance-correct-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_tx[fork_Amsterdam-tx_type_0-blockchain_test_from_state_test-non-empty-balance-correct-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_tx[fork_Amsterdam-tx_type_0-blockchain_test_from_state_test-non-empty-balance-revert-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_opcode[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_from_state_test-opcode_CREATE-non-empty-balance-revert-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_opcode[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_from_state_test-opcode_CREATE-non-empty-balance-correct-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_opcode[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_from_state_test-opcode_CREATE2-non-empty-balance-correct-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_initcollision.py::test_init_collision_create_opcode[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_from_state_test-opcode_CREATE2-non-empty-balance-revert-initcode]-reth
-  - tests/paris/eip7610_create_collision/test_revert_in_create.py::test_create2_collision_storage[fork_Amsterdam-blockchain_test_from_state_test-empty-initcode]-reth

.github/scripts/hive/run_simulator.sh

@@ -13,13 +13,7 @@ if [[ "${sim}" == *"eels"* ]]; then
 fi
 
 run_hive() {
-    hive \
-  --sim "${sim}" \
-  --sim.limit "${limit}" \
-  --sim.limit.exact=false \
-  --sim.parallelism "${parallelism}" \
-  --client reth \
-  2>&1 | tee /tmp/log || true
+    hive --sim "${sim}" --sim.limit "${limit}" --sim.parallelism "${parallelism}" --client reth 2>&1 | tee /tmp/log || true
 }
 
 check_log() {

.github/workflows/bench-scheduled.yml

@@ -1,872 +0,0 @@
-# Nightly regression benchmark.
-#
-# Compares the previous nightly build against the current nightly build to
-# detect performance regressions. Runs daily after docker.yml produces a new
-# nightly image at 01:00 UTC.
-#
-# State is persisted between runs via GitHub Actions cache: each successful
-# run saves the feature commit SHA so the next run knows what to compare against.
-
-on:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: "30 5 * * *" # 06:30 UTC daily
-  workflow_dispatch:
-    inputs:
-      force:
-        description: "Force run even if no new nightly (bypass skip logic)"
-        required: false
-        default: false
-        type: boolean
-      no_slack:
-        description: "Suppress Slack notifications"
-        required: false
-        default: true
-        type: boolean
-
-env:
-  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
-  RUSTC_WRAPPER: "sccache"
-
-name: bench-scheduled
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-  actions: read
-
-jobs:
-  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  # Job 1: Resolve nightly refs, check staleness, manage state
-  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  resolve-refs:
-    name: resolve-refs
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    outputs:
-      baseline-ref: ${{ steps.refs.outputs.baseline-ref }}
-      feature-ref: ${{ steps.refs.outputs.feature-ref }}
-      should-skip: ${{ steps.refs.outputs.should-skip }}
-      is-stale: ${{ steps.refs.outputs.is-stale }}
-      stale-age-hours: ${{ steps.refs.outputs.stale-age-hours }}
-      nightly-created: ${{ steps.refs.outputs.nightly-created }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-        with:
-          sparse-checkout: .github/scripts
-          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: true
-
-      - name: Restore nightly state
-        id: state-cache
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
-        with:
-          path: .nightly-state
-          key: bench-scheduled-state-dummy
-          restore-keys: |
-            bench-scheduled-state-
-
-      - name: Resolve nightly refs
-        id: refs
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
-          GITHUB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
-        run: |
-          FORCE="${{ inputs.force || 'false' }}"
-          .github/scripts/bench-scheduled-refs.sh "$FORCE"
-
-      - name: Alert on stale nightly
-        if: steps.refs.outputs.is-stale == 'true'
-        uses: actions/github-script@v8
-        env:
-          SLACK_BENCH_BOT_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SLACK_BENCH_BOT_TOKEN }}
-          SLACK_BENCH_CHANNEL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_BENCH_CHANNEL }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const token = process.env.SLACK_BENCH_BOT_TOKEN;
-            const channel = process.env.SLACK_BENCH_CHANNEL;
-            if (!token || !channel) {
-              core.warning('Slack credentials not set, skipping stale nightly alert');
-              return;
-            }
-
-            const ageHours = '${{ steps.refs.outputs.stale-age-hours }}';
-            const created = '${{ steps.refs.outputs.nightly-created }}';
-            const featureRef = '${{ steps.refs.outputs.feature-ref }}';
-            const shortSha = featureRef.slice(0, 8);
-            const repo = '${{ github.repository }}';
-            const runUrl = `${context.serverUrl}/${repo}/actions/runs/${context.runId}`;
-
-            const blocks = [
-              {
-                type: 'header',
-                text: { type: 'plain_text', text: ':rotating_light: Nightly Regression: nightly build is stale', emoji: true },
-              },
-              {
-                type: 'section',
-                text: {
-                  type: 'mrkdwn',
-                  text: [
-                    '*Nightly regression did not run* — nightly build is stale',
-                    '',
-                    `The latest nightly image was built from a commit that is *${ageHours}h old* (threshold: 24h).`,
-                    `This means today's nightly docker build likely failed and no new image was produced.`,
-                    '',
-                    `Stale commit: \`${shortSha}\` (built at ${created})`,
-                    '',
-                    '*Action required:* Check the <https://github.com/' + repo + '/actions/workflows/docker.yml|docker.yml> workflow for failures.',
-                  ].join('\n'),
-                },
-              },
-              {
-                type: 'actions',
-                elements: [
-                  {
-                    type: 'button',
-                    text: { type: 'plain_text', text: 'View Run :github:', emoji: true },
-                    url: runUrl,
-                    action_id: 'ci_button',
-                  },
-                ],
-              },
-            ];
-
-            const resp = await fetch('https://slack.com/api/chat.postMessage', {
-              method: 'POST',
-              headers: {
-                'Authorization': `Bearer ${token}`,
-                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-              },
-              body: JSON.stringify({
-                channel,
-                blocks,
-                text: 'Nightly regression: nightly build is stale',
-                unfurl_links: false,
-              }),
-            });
-            const data = await resp.json();
-            if (!data.ok) {
-              core.warning(`Slack API error: ${JSON.stringify(data)}`);
-            }
-
-      - name: Fail on stale nightly
-        if: steps.refs.outputs.is-stale == 'true'
-        run: |
-          echo "::error::Nightly build is stale (>24h old). Aborting."
-          exit 1
-
-  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  # Job 2: Run the benchmark
-  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  bench-scheduled:
-    needs: resolve-refs
-    if: |
-      needs.resolve-refs.outputs.should-skip != 'true' &&
-      needs.resolve-refs.outputs.is-stale != 'true'
-    name: bench-scheduled
-    runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, X64, available]
-    timeout-minutes: 120
-    env:
-      BENCH_RPC_URL: https://ethereum.reth.rs/rpc
-      SCHELK_MOUNT: /reth-bench
-      BENCH_WORK_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/bench-work
-      BENCH_PR: ""
-      BENCH_ACTOR: "nightly-regression"
-      BENCH_BLOCKS: "2000"
-      BENCH_WARMUP_BLOCKS: "500"
-      BENCH_SAMPLY: "false"
-      BENCH_CORES: "0"
-      BENCH_BIG_BLOCKS: "false"
-      BENCH_RETH_NEW_PAYLOAD: "true"
-      BENCH_WAIT_TIME: ""
-      BENCH_BASELINE_ARGS: ""
-      BENCH_FEATURE_ARGS: ""
-      BENCH_ABBA: "true"
-      BENCH_COMMENT_ID: ""
-      BENCH_NO_SLACK: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.no_slack == true && 'true' || 'false' }}
-      BENCH_METRICS_ADDR: "127.0.0.1:9100"
-      BENCH_OTLP_TRACES_ENDPOINT: ${{ secrets.BENCH_OTLP_TRACES_ENDPOINT }}
-      BENCH_OTLP_LOGS_ENDPOINT: ${{ secrets.BENCH_OTLP_LOGS_ENDPOINT }}
-      BASELINE_REF: ${{ needs.resolve-refs.outputs.baseline-ref }}
-      FEATURE_REF: ${{ needs.resolve-refs.outputs.feature-ref }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Clean up previous bench-work
-        run: sudo rm -rf "$BENCH_WORK_DIR" 2>/dev/null || true
-
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-        with:
-          submodules: true
-          fetch-depth: 0
-          ref: ${{ needs.resolve-refs.outputs.feature-ref }}
-
-      - name: Resolve job URL
-        id: job-url
-        uses: actions/github-script@v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { data: jobs } = await github.rest.actions.listJobsForWorkflowRun({
-              owner: context.repo.owner,
-              repo: context.repo.repo,
-              run_id: context.runId,
-            });
-            const job = jobs.jobs.find(j => j.name === 'bench-scheduled');
-            const jobUrl = job ? job.html_url : `${context.serverUrl}/${context.repo.owner}/${context.repo.repo}/actions/runs/${context.runId}`;
-            core.exportVariable('BENCH_JOB_URL', jobUrl);
-
-      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
-      - uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.9
-        continue-on-error: true
-
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        env:
-          DEREK_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.DEREK_TOKEN }}
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p "$HOME/.local/bin"
-
-          # apt packages
-          sudo apt-get update -qq
-          sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
-            python3 make jq zstd curl dmsetup \
-            linux-tools-"$(uname -r)" || \
-            sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends linux-tools-generic
-
-          # mc (MinIO client)
-          if ! command -v mc &>/dev/null; then
-            curl -sSfL https://dl.min.io/client/mc/release/linux-amd64/mc -o "$HOME/.local/bin/mc"
-            chmod +x "$HOME/.local/bin/mc"
-          fi
-
-          # uv (Python package manager)
-          if ! command -v uv &>/dev/null; then
-            curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | env UV_INSTALL_DIR="$HOME/.local/bin" sh
-          fi
-
-          # Configure git auth for private repos
-          git config --global url."https://x-access-token:${DEREK_TOKEN}@github.com/".insteadOf "https://github.com/"
-
-          # thin-provisioning-tools (era_invalidate, required by schelk)
-          if ! command -v era_invalidate &>/dev/null; then
-            git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/jthornber/thin-provisioning-tools /tmp/tpt
-            sudo make -C /tmp/tpt install
-            rm -rf /tmp/tpt
-          fi
-
-          # schelk (snapshot rollback tool, invoked via sudo)
-          if ! sudo sh -c 'command -v schelk' &>/dev/null; then
-            cargo install --git https://github.com/tempoxyz/schelk --locked
-            sudo install "$HOME/.cargo/bin/schelk" /usr/local/bin/
-          fi
-
-      - name: Check dependencies
-        run: |
-          export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/.cargo/bin:$PATH"
-          echo "$HOME/.local/bin" >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
-          echo "$HOME/.cargo/bin" >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
-          missing=()
-          for cmd in mc schelk cpupower taskset stdbuf python3 curl make uv pzstd jq; do
-            command -v "$cmd" &>/dev/null || missing+=("$cmd")
-          done
-          if [ ${#missing[@]} -gt 0 ]; then
-            echo "::error::Missing required tools: ${missing[*]}"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-          echo "All dependencies found"
-
-      - name: Resolve display names
-        id: refs
-        run: |
-          BASELINE_SHORT=$(echo "$BASELINE_REF" | cut -c1-8)
-          FEATURE_SHORT=$(echo "$FEATURE_REF" | cut -c1-8)
-          echo "baseline-name=nightly-${BASELINE_SHORT}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          echo "feature-name=nightly-${FEATURE_SHORT}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          echo "baseline-ref=$BASELINE_REF" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          echo "feature-ref=$FEATURE_REF" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-
-      - name: Check if snapshot needs update
-        id: snapshot-check
-        run: |
-          set +e
-          .github/scripts/bench-reth-snapshot.sh --check
-          rc=$?
-          set -e
-          case "$rc" in
-            0)  echo "needed=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT" ;;
-            10) echo "needed=true"  >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT" ;;
-            *)  echo "::error::Snapshot check failed (exit $rc)"
-                exit "$rc" ;;
-          esac
-
-      - name: Prepare source dirs
-        run: |
-          if [ -d ../reth-baseline ]; then
-            git -C ../reth-baseline fetch origin "$BASELINE_REF"
-          else
-            git clone . ../reth-baseline
-          fi
-          git -C ../reth-baseline checkout "$BASELINE_REF"
-
-          if [ -d ../reth-feature ]; then
-            git -C ../reth-feature fetch origin "$FEATURE_REF"
-          else
-            git clone . ../reth-feature
-          fi
-          git -C ../reth-feature checkout "$FEATURE_REF"
-
-      - name: Build binaries
-        id: build
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          BENCH_REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
-        run: |
-          BASELINE_DIR="$(cd ../reth-baseline && pwd)"
-          FEATURE_DIR="$(cd ../reth-feature && pwd)"
-
-          .github/scripts/bench-reth-build.sh baseline "${BASELINE_DIR}" "$BASELINE_REF" &
-          PID_BASELINE=$!
-          .github/scripts/bench-reth-build.sh feature "${FEATURE_DIR}" "$FEATURE_REF" &
-          PID_FEATURE=$!
-
-          FAIL=0
-          wait $PID_BASELINE || FAIL=1
-          wait $PID_FEATURE || FAIL=1
-          if [ $FAIL -ne 0 ]; then
-            echo "::error::One or more build tasks failed"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-
-      - name: Download snapshot
-        id: snapshot-download
-        if: steps.snapshot-check.outputs.needed == 'true'
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          BENCH_REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
-          BENCH_RETH_BINARY: ${{ github.workspace }}/../reth-feature/target/profiling/reth
-        run: .github/scripts/bench-reth-snapshot.sh
-
-      # System tuning for reproducible benchmarks
-      - name: System setup
-        run: |
-          sudo cpupower frequency-set -g performance || true
-          # Disable turbo boost (Intel and AMD paths)
-          echo 1 | sudo tee /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/no_turbo 2>/dev/null || true
-          echo 0 | sudo tee /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/boost 2>/dev/null || true
-          sudo swapoff -a || true
-          echo 0 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space || true
-          # Disable SMT (hyperthreading)
-          for cpu in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/topology/thread_siblings_list; do
-            first=$(cut -d, -f1 < "$cpu" | cut -d- -f1)
-            current=$(echo "$cpu" | grep -o 'cpu[0-9]*' | grep -o '[0-9]*')
-            if [ "$current" != "$first" ]; then
-              echo 0 | sudo tee "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu${current}/online" || true
-            fi
-          done
-          echo "Online CPUs: $(nproc)"
-          # Disable transparent huge pages
-          for p in /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepages; do
-            [ -d "$p" ] && echo never | sudo tee "$p/enabled" && echo never | sudo tee "$p/defrag" && break
-          done || true
-          # Prevent deep C-states
-          sudo sh -c 'exec 3<>/dev/cpu_dma_latency; echo -ne "\x00\x00\x00\x00" >&3; sleep infinity' &
-          # Move all IRQs to core 0
-          for irq in /proc/irq/*/smp_affinity_list; do
-            echo 0 | sudo tee "$irq" 2>/dev/null || true
-          done
-          # Stop noisy background services
-          sudo systemctl stop irqbalance cron atd unattended-upgrades snapd 2>/dev/null || true
-          echo "=== Benchmark environment ==="
-          uname -r
-          lscpu | grep -E 'Model name|CPU\(s\)|MHz|NUMA'
-          cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor
-          cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_cur_freq
-          cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled 2>/dev/null || cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepages/enabled 2>/dev/null || echo "THP: unknown"
-          free -h
-
-      - name: Pre-flight cleanup
-        run: |
-          sudo pkill -9 reth || true
-          sleep 1
-          if mountpoint -q "$SCHELK_MOUNT"; then
-            sudo umount -l "$SCHELK_MOUNT" || true
-            sudo schelk recover -y || true
-          fi
-          rm -rf "$BENCH_WORK_DIR"
-          mkdir -p "$BENCH_WORK_DIR"
-
-      - name: Start metrics proxy
-        run: |
-          BENCH_ID="nightly-${{ github.run_id }}"
-          BENCH_REFERENCE_EPOCH=$(date +%s)
-          echo "BENCH_ID=${BENCH_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-          echo "BENCH_REFERENCE_EPOCH=${BENCH_REFERENCE_EPOCH}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-
-          LABELS_FILE="/tmp/bench-metrics-labels.json"
-          echo '{}' > "$LABELS_FILE"
-          echo "BENCH_LABELS_FILE=${LABELS_FILE}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-
-          python3 .github/scripts/bench-metrics-proxy.py \
-            --labels "$LABELS_FILE" \
-            --upstream "http://${BENCH_METRICS_ADDR}/" \
-            --subnet 10.10.0.0/24 \
-            --port 9090 &
-          PROXY_PID=$!
-          echo "BENCH_METRICS_PROXY_PID=${PROXY_PID}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-          echo "Metrics proxy started (PID $PROXY_PID)"
-
-      # Interleaved run order (B-F-F-B) to reduce systematic bias
-      - name: "Run benchmark: baseline (1/2)"
-        id: run-baseline-1
-        run: |
-          cat > "$BENCH_LABELS_FILE" <<LABELS
-          {"benchmark_run":"baseline-1","run_type":"baseline","git_ref":"${BASELINE_REF}","bench_sha":"${BASELINE_REF}","benchmark_id":"${BENCH_ID}","run_start_epoch":"$(date +%s)","reference_epoch":"${BENCH_REFERENCE_EPOCH}"}
-          LABELS
-          taskset -c 0 .github/scripts/bench-reth-run.sh baseline ../reth-baseline/target/profiling/reth "$BENCH_WORK_DIR/baseline-1"
-
-      - name: "Run benchmark: feature (1/2)"
-        id: run-feature-1
-        run: |
-          cat > "$BENCH_LABELS_FILE" <<LABELS
-          {"benchmark_run":"feature-1","run_type":"feature","git_ref":"${FEATURE_REF}","bench_sha":"${FEATURE_REF}","benchmark_id":"${BENCH_ID}","run_start_epoch":"$(date +%s)","reference_epoch":"${BENCH_REFERENCE_EPOCH}"}
-          LABELS
-          taskset -c 0 .github/scripts/bench-reth-run.sh feature ../reth-feature/target/profiling/reth "$BENCH_WORK_DIR/feature-1"
-
-      - name: "Run benchmark: feature (2/2)"
-        id: run-feature-2
-        run: |
-          cat > "$BENCH_LABELS_FILE" <<LABELS
-          {"benchmark_run":"feature-2","run_type":"feature","git_ref":"${FEATURE_REF}","bench_sha":"${FEATURE_REF}","benchmark_id":"${BENCH_ID}","run_start_epoch":"$(date +%s)","reference_epoch":"${BENCH_REFERENCE_EPOCH}"}
-          LABELS
-          taskset -c 0 .github/scripts/bench-reth-run.sh feature ../reth-feature/target/profiling/reth "$BENCH_WORK_DIR/feature-2"
-
-      - name: "Run benchmark: baseline (2/2)"
-        id: run-baseline-2
-        run: |
-          LAST_RUN_START=$(date +%s)
-          echo "BENCH_LAST_RUN_START=${LAST_RUN_START}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-          cat > "$BENCH_LABELS_FILE" <<LABELS
-          {"benchmark_run":"baseline-2","run_type":"baseline","git_ref":"${BASELINE_REF}","bench_sha":"${BASELINE_REF}","benchmark_id":"${BENCH_ID}","run_start_epoch":"${LAST_RUN_START}","reference_epoch":"${BENCH_REFERENCE_EPOCH}"}
-          LABELS
-          taskset -c 0 .github/scripts/bench-reth-run.sh baseline ../reth-baseline/target/profiling/reth "$BENCH_WORK_DIR/baseline-2"
-
-      - name: Stop metrics proxy & generate Grafana URL
-        id: metrics
-        if: "!cancelled()"
-        run: |
-          kill "$BENCH_METRICS_PROXY_PID" 2>/dev/null || true
-
-          LAST_RUN_DURATION=$(( $(date +%s) - BENCH_LAST_RUN_START ))
-          FROM_MS=$(( BENCH_REFERENCE_EPOCH * 1000 ))
-          TO_MS=$(( (BENCH_REFERENCE_EPOCH + LAST_RUN_DURATION) * 1000 ))
-          GRAFANA_URL="https://tempoxyz.grafana.net/d/reth-bench-ghr/reth-bench-ghr?orgId=1&from=${FROM_MS}&to=${TO_MS}&timezone=browser&var-datasource=ef57fux92e9z4e&var-job=reth-bench&var-benchmark_id=${BENCH_ID}&var-benchmark_run=\$__all"
-          echo "grafana-url=${GRAFANA_URL}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          echo "Grafana URL: ${GRAFANA_URL}"
-
-      - name: Scan logs for errors
-        if: "!cancelled()"
-        run: |
-          ERRORS_FILE="$BENCH_WORK_DIR/errors.md"
-          found=false
-          for run_dir in baseline-1 feature-1 feature-2 baseline-2; do
-            LOG="$BENCH_WORK_DIR/$run_dir/node.log"
-            if [ ! -f "$LOG" ]; then continue; fi
-
-            panics=$(grep -c -E 'panicked at' "$LOG" || true)
-            errors=$(grep -c ' ERROR ' "$LOG" || true)
-
-            if [ "$panics" -gt 0 ] || [ "$errors" -gt 0 ]; then
-              if [ "$found" = false ]; then
-                printf '### ⚠️ Node Errors\n\n' >> "$ERRORS_FILE"
-                found=true
-              fi
-              printf '<details><summary><b>%s</b>: %d panic(s), %d error(s)</summary>\n\n' "$run_dir" "$panics" "$errors" >> "$ERRORS_FILE"
-              if [ "$panics" -gt 0 ]; then
-                printf '**Panics:**\n```\n' >> "$ERRORS_FILE"
-                grep -E 'panicked at' "$LOG" | head -10 >> "$ERRORS_FILE"
-                printf '```\n' >> "$ERRORS_FILE"
-              fi
-              if [ "$errors" -gt 0 ]; then
-                printf '**Errors (first 20):**\n```\n' >> "$ERRORS_FILE"
-                grep ' ERROR ' "$LOG" | head -20 >> "$ERRORS_FILE"
-                printf '```\n' >> "$ERRORS_FILE"
-              fi
-              printf '\n</details>\n\n' >> "$ERRORS_FILE"
-            fi
-          done
-
-      - name: Parse results
-        id: results
-        if: success()
-        env:
-          BASELINE_NAME: ${{ steps.refs.outputs.baseline-name }}
-          FEATURE_NAME: ${{ steps.refs.outputs.feature-name }}
-        run: |
-          SUMMARY_ARGS="--output-summary $BENCH_WORK_DIR/summary.json"
-          SUMMARY_ARGS="$SUMMARY_ARGS --output-markdown $BENCH_WORK_DIR/comment.md"
-          SUMMARY_ARGS="$SUMMARY_ARGS --repo ${{ github.repository }}"
-          SUMMARY_ARGS="$SUMMARY_ARGS --baseline-ref ${BASELINE_REF}"
-          SUMMARY_ARGS="$SUMMARY_ARGS --baseline-name ${BASELINE_NAME}"
-          SUMMARY_ARGS="$SUMMARY_ARGS --feature-name ${FEATURE_NAME}"
-          SUMMARY_ARGS="$SUMMARY_ARGS --feature-ref ${FEATURE_REF}"
-
-          BASELINE_CSVS="$BENCH_WORK_DIR/baseline-1/combined_latency.csv"
-          FEATURE_CSVS="$BENCH_WORK_DIR/feature-1/combined_latency.csv"
-          BASELINE_CSVS="$BASELINE_CSVS $BENCH_WORK_DIR/baseline-2/combined_latency.csv"
-          FEATURE_CSVS="$FEATURE_CSVS $BENCH_WORK_DIR/feature-2/combined_latency.csv"
-          SUMMARY_ARGS="$SUMMARY_ARGS --baseline-csv $BASELINE_CSVS"
-          SUMMARY_ARGS="$SUMMARY_ARGS --feature-csv $FEATURE_CSVS"
-          SUMMARY_ARGS="$SUMMARY_ARGS --gas-csv $BENCH_WORK_DIR/feature-1/total_gas.csv"
-
-          GRAFANA_URL='${{ steps.metrics.outputs.grafana-url }}'
-          if [ -n "$GRAFANA_URL" ]; then
-            SUMMARY_ARGS="$SUMMARY_ARGS --grafana-url $GRAFANA_URL"
-          fi
-          # shellcheck disable=SC2086
-          python3 .github/scripts/bench-reth-summary.py $SUMMARY_ARGS
-
-      - name: Generate charts
-        if: success()
-        env:
-          BASELINE_NAME: ${{ steps.refs.outputs.baseline-name }}
-          FEATURE_NAME: ${{ steps.refs.outputs.feature-name }}
-        run: |
-          CHART_ARGS="--output-dir $BENCH_WORK_DIR/charts"
-          FEATURE_CSVS="$BENCH_WORK_DIR/feature-1/combined_latency.csv"
-          BASELINE_CSVS="$BENCH_WORK_DIR/baseline-1/combined_latency.csv"
-          FEATURE_CSVS="$FEATURE_CSVS $BENCH_WORK_DIR/feature-2/combined_latency.csv"
-          BASELINE_CSVS="$BASELINE_CSVS $BENCH_WORK_DIR/baseline-2/combined_latency.csv"
-          CHART_ARGS="$CHART_ARGS --feature $FEATURE_CSVS"
-          CHART_ARGS="$CHART_ARGS --baseline $BASELINE_CSVS"
-          CHART_ARGS="$CHART_ARGS --baseline-name ${BASELINE_NAME}"
-          CHART_ARGS="$CHART_ARGS --feature-name ${FEATURE_NAME}"
-          # shellcheck disable=SC2086
-          uv run --with matplotlib python3 .github/scripts/bench-reth-charts.py $CHART_ARGS
-
-      - name: Upload results
-        if: "!cancelled()"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
-        with:
-          name: bench-scheduled-results
-          path: ${{ env.BENCH_WORK_DIR }}
-
-      - name: Push charts
-        id: push-charts
-        if: success()
-        run: |
-          RUN_ID=${{ github.run_id }}
-          CHART_DIR="nightly/${RUN_ID}"
-          CHARTS_REPO="https://x-access-token:${{ secrets.DEREK_TOKEN }}@github.com/decofe/reth-bench-charts.git"
-
-          TMP_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
-          if git clone --depth 1 "${CHARTS_REPO}" "${TMP_DIR}" 2>/dev/null; then
-            true
-          else
-            git init "${TMP_DIR}"
-            git -C "${TMP_DIR}" remote add origin "${CHARTS_REPO}"
-          fi
-
-          mkdir -p "${TMP_DIR}/${CHART_DIR}"
-          cp "$BENCH_WORK_DIR"/charts/*.png "${TMP_DIR}/${CHART_DIR}/"
-          git -C "${TMP_DIR}" add "${CHART_DIR}"
-          git -C "${TMP_DIR}" -c user.name="github-actions" -c user.email="github-actions@github.com" \
-            commit -m "nightly bench charts for run ${RUN_ID}"
-          git -C "${TMP_DIR}" push origin HEAD:main
-          echo "sha=$(git -C "${TMP_DIR}" rev-parse HEAD)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          rm -rf "${TMP_DIR}"
-
-      - name: Write job summary
-        if: success()
-        uses: actions/github-script@v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const fs = require('fs');
-            const { verdict, metricRows, waitTimeRows, blocksLabel } = require('./.github/scripts/bench-utils');
-
-            let summary;
-            try {
-              summary = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(process.env.BENCH_WORK_DIR + '/summary.json', 'utf8'));
-            } catch (e) {
-              await core.summary.addRaw('⚠️ Benchmark completed but failed to load summary.').write();
-              return;
-            }
-
-            const repo = `${context.repo.owner}/${context.repo.repo}`;
-            const commitUrl = `https://github.com/${repo}/commit`;
-            const { emoji, label } = verdict(summary.changes);
-            const baselineLink = `[\`${summary.baseline.name}\`](${commitUrl}/${summary.baseline.ref})`;
-            const featureLink = `[\`${summary.feature.name}\`](${commitUrl}/${summary.feature.ref})`;
-            const diffUrl = `https://github.com/${repo}/compare/${summary.baseline.ref}...${summary.feature.ref}`;
-
-            let md = `# ${emoji} Nightly Regression: ${label}\n\n`;
-            md += `**Baseline:** ${baselineLink}\n`;
-            md += `**Feature:** ${featureLink} ([diff](${diffUrl}))\n`;
-            md += blocksLabel(summary).map(p => `**${p.key}:** ${p.value}`).join(' · ') + '\n\n';
-
-            const rows = metricRows(summary);
-            md += `| Metric | Baseline | Feature | Change |\n`;
-            md += `|--------|----------|---------|--------|\n`;
-            for (const r of rows) {
-              md += `| ${r.label} | ${r.baseline} | ${r.feature} | ${r.change} |\n`;
-            }
-            md += '\n';
-
-            const wtRows = waitTimeRows(summary);
-            if (wtRows.length > 0) {
-              md += `### Wait Time Breakdown\n\n`;
-              md += `| Metric | Baseline | Feature |\n`;
-              md += `|--------|----------|--------|\n`;
-              for (const r of wtRows) {
-                md += `| ${r.title} | ${r.baseline} | ${r.feature} |\n`;
-              }
-              md += '\n';
-            }
-
-            // Charts
-            const chartSha = '${{ steps.push-charts.outputs.sha }}';
-            if (chartSha) {
-              const runId = '${{ github.run_id }}';
-              const baseUrl = `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/decofe/reth-bench-charts/${chartSha}/nightly/${runId}`;
-              const charts = [
-                { file: 'latency_throughput.png', label: 'Latency, Throughput & Diff' },
-                { file: 'wait_breakdown.png', label: 'Wait Time Breakdown' },
-                { file: 'gas_vs_latency.png', label: 'Gas vs Latency' },
-              ];
-              md += `### Charts\n\n`;
-              for (const chart of charts) {
-                md += `<details><summary>${chart.label}</summary>\n\n`;
-                md += `![${chart.label}](${baseUrl}/${chart.file})\n\n`;
-                md += `</details>\n\n`;
-              }
-            }
-
-            const grafanaUrl = '${{ steps.metrics.outputs.grafana-url }}';
-            if (grafanaUrl) {
-              md += `### Grafana Dashboard\n\n[View real-time metrics](${grafanaUrl})\n\n`;
-            }
-
-            try {
-              const errors = fs.readFileSync(process.env.BENCH_WORK_DIR + '/errors.md', 'utf8');
-              if (errors.trim()) md += '\n' + errors + '\n';
-            } catch {}
-
-            await core.summary.addRaw(md).write();
-
-      - name: Send Slack notification (success)
-        if: success() && env.BENCH_NO_SLACK != 'true'
-        uses: actions/github-script@v8
-        env:
-          SLACK_BENCH_BOT_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SLACK_BENCH_BOT_TOKEN }}
-          SLACK_BENCH_CHANNEL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_BENCH_CHANNEL }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const fs = require('fs');
-            const { verdict, fmtChange, fmtMs, metricRows, waitTimeRows, blocksLabel } = require('./.github/scripts/bench-utils');
-
-            const token = process.env.SLACK_BENCH_BOT_TOKEN;
-            const channel = process.env.SLACK_BENCH_CHANNEL;
-            if (!token || !channel) {
-              core.info('Slack credentials not set, skipping notification');
-              return;
-            }
-
-            let summary;
-            try {
-              summary = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(process.env.BENCH_WORK_DIR + '/summary.json', 'utf8'));
-            } catch (e) {
-              core.warning('Could not read summary.json for Slack notification');
-              return;
-            }
-
-            // Only notify on significant changes (regression OR improvement)
-            const changes = summary.changes || {};
-            const hasSignificant = Object.values(changes).some(c => c.sig === 'good' || c.sig === 'bad');
-            if (!hasSignificant) {
-              core.info('No significant changes detected, skipping nightly Slack notification');
-              return;
-            }
-
-            const SLACK_VERDICT = {
-              '⚠️': ':warning:',
-              '❌': ':x:',
-              '✅': ':white_check_mark:',
-              '⚪': ':white_circle:',
-            };
-
-            const repo = `${context.repo.owner}/${context.repo.repo}`;
-            const { emoji, label } = verdict(changes);
-            const headerEmoji = SLACK_VERDICT[emoji] || emoji;
-            const commitUrl = `https://github.com/${repo}/commit`;
-            const baselineLink = `<${commitUrl}/${summary.baseline.ref}|${summary.baseline.name}>`;
-            const featureLink = `<${commitUrl}/${summary.feature.ref}|${summary.feature.name}>`;
-            const diffUrl = `https://github.com/${repo}/compare/${summary.baseline.ref}...${summary.feature.ref}`;
-            const jobUrl = process.env.BENCH_JOB_URL || `${context.serverUrl}/${repo}/actions/runs/${context.runId}`;
-
-            function cell(text) { return { type: 'raw_text', text: String(text) || ' ' }; }
-
-            const sectionText = [
-              '*Nightly Regression*',
-              '',
-              `*Baseline:* ${baselineLink}`,
-              `*Feature:* ${featureLink}`,
-              blocksLabel(summary).map(p => `*${p.key}:* ${p.value}`).join(' | '),
-            ].join('\n');
-
-            const rows = metricRows(summary);
-            const tableRows = [
-              [cell('Metric'), cell('Baseline'), cell('Feature'), cell('Change')],
-              ...rows.map(r => [cell(r.label), cell(r.baseline), cell(r.feature), cell(r.change || ' ')]),
-            ];
-
-            const blocks = [
-              {
-                type: 'header',
-                text: { type: 'plain_text', text: `${headerEmoji} Nightly: ${label}`, emoji: true },
-              },
-              {
-                type: 'section',
-                text: { type: 'mrkdwn', text: sectionText },
-              },
-              {
-                type: 'table',
-                column_settings: [{ align: 'left' }, { align: 'right' }, { align: 'right' }, { align: 'right' }],
-                rows: tableRows,
-              },
-              {
-                type: 'actions',
-                elements: [
-                  {
-                    type: 'button',
-                    text: { type: 'plain_text', text: 'CI :github:', emoji: true },
-                    url: jobUrl,
-                    action_id: 'ci_button',
-                  },
-                  {
-                    type: 'button',
-                    text: { type: 'plain_text', text: 'Diff :github:', emoji: true },
-                    url: diffUrl,
-                    action_id: 'diff_button',
-                  },
-                ],
-              },
-            ];
-
-            const text = `Nightly Regression: ${summary.baseline.name} vs ${summary.feature.name}`;
-            const resp = await fetch('https://slack.com/api/chat.postMessage', {
-              method: 'POST',
-              headers: {
-                'Authorization': `Bearer ${token}`,
-                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-              },
-              body: JSON.stringify({ channel, blocks, text, unfurl_links: false }),
-            });
-            const data = await resp.json();
-            if (!data.ok) {
-              core.warning(`Slack API error: ${JSON.stringify(data)}`);
-              return;
-            }
-
-            // Post wait time breakdown as threaded reply
-            const wtRows = waitTimeRows(summary);
-            if (data.ts && wtRows.length > 0) {
-              const waitTableRows = [
-                [cell('Wait Time'), cell('Baseline'), cell('Feature')],
-                ...wtRows.map(r => [cell(r.title), cell(r.baseline), cell(r.feature)]),
-              ];
-              await fetch('https://slack.com/api/chat.postMessage', {
-                method: 'POST',
-                headers: {
-                  'Authorization': `Bearer ${token}`,
-                  'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-                },
-                body: JSON.stringify({
-                  channel,
-                  thread_ts: data.ts,
-                  blocks: [{
-                    type: 'table',
-                    column_settings: [{ align: 'left' }, { align: 'right' }, { align: 'right' }],
-                    rows: waitTableRows,
-                  }],
-                  text: 'Wait time breakdown',
-                  unfurl_links: false,
-                }),
-              });
-            }
-
-      - name: Send Slack notification (failure)
-        if: failure()
-        uses: actions/github-script@v8
-        env:
-          SLACK_BENCH_BOT_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SLACK_BENCH_BOT_TOKEN }}
-          SLACK_BENCH_CHANNEL: ${{ secrets.SLACK_BENCH_CHANNEL }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const token = process.env.SLACK_BENCH_BOT_TOKEN;
-            const channel = process.env.SLACK_BENCH_CHANNEL;
-            if (!token || !channel) return;
-
-            const steps_status = [
-              ['building binaries', '${{ steps.build.outcome }}'],
-              ['downloading snapshot', '${{ steps.snapshot-download.outcome }}'],
-              ['running baseline benchmark (1/2)', '${{ steps.run-baseline-1.outcome }}'],
-              ['running feature benchmark (1/2)', '${{ steps.run-feature-1.outcome }}'],
-              ['running feature benchmark (2/2)', '${{ steps.run-feature-2.outcome }}'],
-              ['running baseline benchmark (2/2)', '${{ steps.run-baseline-2.outcome }}'],
-            ];
-            const failed = steps_status.find(([, o]) => o === 'failure');
-            const failedStep = failed ? failed[0] : 'unknown step';
-
-            const repo = `${context.repo.owner}/${context.repo.repo}`;
-            const jobUrl = process.env.BENCH_JOB_URL || `${context.serverUrl}/${repo}/actions/runs/${context.runId}`;
-
-            const blocks = [
-              {
-                type: 'header',
-                text: { type: 'plain_text', text: ':rotating_light: Nightly Bench Failed', emoji: true },
-              },
-              {
-                type: 'section',
-                text: { type: 'mrkdwn', text: `*Nightly regression* failed while *${failedStep}*` },
-              },
-              {
-                type: 'actions',
-                elements: [{
-                  type: 'button',
-                  text: { type: 'plain_text', text: 'View Logs :github:', emoji: true },
-                  url: jobUrl,
-                  action_id: 'ci_button',
-                }],
-              },
-            ];
-
-            await fetch('https://slack.com/api/chat.postMessage', {
-              method: 'POST',
-              headers: {
-                'Authorization': `Bearer ${token}`,
-                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-              },
-              body: JSON.stringify({
-                channel,
-                blocks,
-                text: `Nightly bench failed while ${failedStep}`,
-                unfurl_links: false,
-              }),
-            });
-
-      - name: Restore system settings
-        if: always()
-        run: |
-          sudo systemctl start irqbalance cron atd 2>/dev/null || true
-
-  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  # Job 3: Save state on success
-  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  save-state:
-    needs: [resolve-refs, bench-scheduled]
-    if: success()
-    name: save-state
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Write state file
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p .nightly-state
-          echo "${{ needs.resolve-refs.outputs.feature-ref }}" > .nightly-state/last-feature-ref
-
-      - name: Save nightly state
-        uses: actions/cache/save@v4
-        with:
-          path: .nightly-state
-          key: bench-scheduled-state-${{ needs.resolve-refs.outputs.feature-ref }}

.github/workflows/bench.yml

@@ -71,14 +71,11 @@ on:
         required: false
         default: "true"
         type: boolean
-      otlp:
-        description: "Export OTLP traces and logs"
-        required: false
-        default: "true"
-        type: boolean
 
 env:
   CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
+  BASELINE: base
+  SEED: reth
   RUSTC_WRAPPER: "sccache"
   BENCH_RUNNERS: 2
 
@@ -113,7 +110,6 @@ jobs:
       baseline-args: ${{ steps.args.outputs.baseline-args }}
       feature-args: ${{ steps.args.outputs.feature-args }}
       abba: ${{ steps.args.outputs.abba }}
-      otlp: ${{ steps.args.outputs.otlp }}
       comment-id: ${{ steps.ack.outputs.comment-id }}
     steps:
       - name: Check org membership
@@ -155,7 +151,6 @@ jobs:
               bigBlocks = blocks === 'big' ? 'true' : 'false';
               var rethNewPayload = '${{ github.event.inputs.reth_newPayload }}' !== 'false' ? 'true' : 'false';
               var abba = '${{ github.event.inputs.abba }}' !== 'false' ? 'true' : 'false';
-              var otlp = '${{ github.event.inputs.otlp }}' !== 'false' ? 'true' : 'false';
               var waitTime = '${{ github.event.inputs.wait_time }}' || '';
               var baselineNodeArgs = '${{ github.event.inputs.baseline_args }}' || '';
               var featureNodeArgs = '${{ github.event.inputs.feature_args }}' || '';
@@ -182,10 +177,10 @@ jobs:
               const intOrKeywordArgs = new Map([['blocks', new Set(['big'])]]);
               const refArgs = new Set(['baseline', 'feature']);
               const boolArgs = new Set(['samply', 'no-slack']);
-              const boolDefaultTrue = new Set(['reth_newPayload', 'abba', 'otlp']);
+              const boolDefaultTrue = new Set(['reth_newPayload', 'abba']);
               const durationArgs = new Set(['wait-time']);
               const stringArgs = new Set(['baseline-args', 'feature-args']);
-              const defaults = { blocks: '500', warmup: '100', baseline: '', feature: '', samply: 'false', 'no-slack': 'false', cores: '0', reth_newPayload: 'true', abba: 'true', otlp: 'true', 'wait-time': '', 'baseline-args': '', 'feature-args': '' };
+              const defaults = { blocks: '500', warmup: '100', baseline: '', feature: '', samply: 'false', 'no-slack': 'false', cores: '0', reth_newPayload: 'true', abba: 'true', 'wait-time': '', 'baseline-args': '', 'feature-args': '' };
               const unknown = [];
               const invalid = [];
               const args = body.replace(/^(?:@decofe|derek) bench\s*/, '');
@@ -255,7 +250,7 @@ jobs:
               if (unknown.length) errors.push(`Unknown argument(s): \`${unknown.join('`, `')}\``);
               if (invalid.length) errors.push(`Invalid value(s): ${invalid.join(', ')}`);
               if (errors.length) {
-                const msg = `❌ **Invalid bench command**\n\n${errors.join('\n')}\n\n**Usage:** \`@decofe bench [blocks=N|big] [warmup=N] [baseline=REF] [feature=REF] [samply] [no-slack] [cores=N] [reth_newPayload=true|false] [abba=true|false] [otlp=true|false] [wait-time=DURATION] [baseline-args="..."] [feature-args="..."]\``;
+                const msg = `❌ **Invalid bench command**\n\n${errors.join('\n')}\n\n**Usage:** \`@decofe bench [blocks=N|big] [warmup=N] [baseline=REF] [feature=REF] [samply] [no-slack] [cores=N] [reth_newPayload=true|false] [abba=true|false] [wait-time=DURATION] [baseline-args="..."] [feature-args="..."]\``;
                 await github.rest.issues.createComment({
                   owner: context.repo.owner,
                   repo: context.repo.repo,
@@ -275,7 +270,6 @@ jobs:
               bigBlocks = blocks === 'big' ? 'true' : 'false';
               var rethNewPayload = defaults.reth_newPayload;
               var abba = defaults.abba;
-              var otlp = defaults.otlp;
               var waitTime = defaults['wait-time'];
               var baselineNodeArgs = defaults['baseline-args'];
               var featureNodeArgs = defaults['feature-args'];
@@ -314,7 +308,6 @@ jobs:
             core.setOutput('baseline-args', baselineNodeArgs);
             core.setOutput('feature-args', featureNodeArgs);
             core.setOutput('abba', abba);
-            core.setOutput('otlp', otlp);
 
       - name: Acknowledge request
         id: ack
@@ -382,8 +375,6 @@ jobs:
             const rethNPNote = !rethNP ? ', reth_newPayload: `disabled`' : '';
             const abbaEnabled = '${{ steps.args.outputs.abba }}' !== 'false';
             const abbaNote = !abbaEnabled ? ', abba: `disabled`' : '';
-            const otlpEnabled = '${{ steps.args.outputs.otlp }}' !== 'false';
-            const otlpNote = !otlpEnabled ? ', otlp: `disabled`' : '';
             const waitTimeVal = '${{ steps.args.outputs.wait-time }}';
             const waitTimeNote = waitTimeVal ? `, wait-time: \`${waitTimeVal}\`` : '';
             const baselineArgsVal = '${{ steps.args.outputs.baseline-args }}';
@@ -391,7 +382,7 @@ jobs:
             const featureArgsVal = '${{ steps.args.outputs.feature-args }}';
             const featureArgsNote = featureArgsVal ? `, feature-args: \`${featureArgsVal}\`` : '';
             const blocksDesc = bigBlocks ? 'blocks: `big`' : `${blocks} blocks, ${warmup} warmup blocks`;
-            const config = `**Config:** ${blocksDesc}, baseline: \`${baseline}\`, feature: \`${feature}\`${samplyNote}${noSlackNote}${coresNote}${rethNPNote}${abbaNote}${otlpNote}${waitTimeNote}${baselineArgsNote}${featureArgsNote}`;
+            const config = `**Config:** ${blocksDesc}, baseline: \`${baseline}\`, feature: \`${feature}\`${samplyNote}${noSlackNote}${coresNote}${rethNPNote}${abbaNote}${waitTimeNote}${baselineArgsNote}${featureArgsNote}`;
 
             const { data: comment } = await github.rest.issues.createComment({
               owner: context.repo.owner,
@@ -426,8 +417,6 @@ jobs:
             const rethNPNote = !rethNP ? ', reth_newPayload: `disabled`' : '';
             const abbaEnabled = '${{ steps.args.outputs.abba }}' !== 'false';
             const abbaNote = !abbaEnabled ? ', abba: `disabled`' : '';
-            const otlpEnabled = '${{ steps.args.outputs.otlp }}' !== 'false';
-            const otlpNote = !otlpEnabled ? ', otlp: `disabled`' : '';
             const waitTimeVal = '${{ steps.args.outputs.wait-time }}';
             const waitTimeNote = waitTimeVal ? `, wait-time: \`${waitTimeVal}\`` : '';
             const baselineArgsVal = '${{ steps.args.outputs.baseline-args }}';
@@ -435,7 +424,7 @@ jobs:
             const featureArgsVal = '${{ steps.args.outputs.feature-args }}';
             const featureArgsNote = featureArgsVal ? `, feature-args: \`${featureArgsVal}\`` : '';
             const blocksDesc = bigBlocks ? 'blocks: `big`' : `${blocks} blocks, ${warmup} warmup blocks`;
-            const config = `**Config:** ${blocksDesc}, baseline: \`${baseline}\`, feature: \`${feature}\`${samplyNote}${noSlackNote}${coresNote}${rethNPNote}${abbaNote}${otlpNote}${waitTimeNote}${baselineArgsNote}${featureArgsNote}`;
+            const config = `**Config:** ${blocksDesc}, baseline: \`${baseline}\`, feature: \`${feature}\`${samplyNote}${noSlackNote}${coresNote}${rethNPNote}${abbaNote}${waitTimeNote}${baselineArgsNote}${featureArgsNote}`;
             const runUrl = `${context.serverUrl}/${context.repo.owner}/${context.repo.repo}/actions/runs/${context.runId}`;
 
             const numRunners = parseInt(process.env.BENCH_RUNNERS) || 1;
@@ -505,12 +494,11 @@ jobs:
       BENCH_BASELINE_ARGS: ${{ needs.reth-bench-ack.outputs.baseline-args }}
       BENCH_FEATURE_ARGS: ${{ needs.reth-bench-ack.outputs.feature-args }}
       BENCH_ABBA: ${{ needs.reth-bench-ack.outputs.abba }}
-      BENCH_OTLP: ${{ needs.reth-bench-ack.outputs.otlp }}
       BENCH_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.reth-bench-ack.outputs.comment-id }}
       BENCH_NO_SLACK: ${{ needs.reth-bench-ack.outputs.no-slack }}
       BENCH_METRICS_ADDR: "127.0.0.1:9100"
-      BENCH_OTLP_TRACES_ENDPOINT: ${{ needs.reth-bench-ack.outputs.otlp != 'false' && secrets.BENCH_OTLP_TRACES_ENDPOINT || '' }}
-      BENCH_OTLP_LOGS_ENDPOINT: ${{ needs.reth-bench-ack.outputs.otlp != 'false' && secrets.BENCH_OTLP_LOGS_ENDPOINT || '' }}
+      BENCH_OTLP_TRACES_ENDPOINT: ${{ secrets.BENCH_OTLP_TRACES_ENDPOINT }}
+      BENCH_OTLP_LOGS_ENDPOINT: ${{ secrets.BENCH_OTLP_LOGS_ENDPOINT }}
     steps:
       - name: Clean up previous bench-work
         run: sudo rm -rf "$BENCH_WORK_DIR" 2>/dev/null || true
@@ -571,8 +559,6 @@ jobs:
             const rethNPNote = !rethNP ? ', reth_newPayload: `disabled`' : '';
             const abbaEnabled = (process.env.BENCH_ABBA || 'true') !== 'false';
             const abbaNote = !abbaEnabled ? ', abba: `disabled`' : '';
-            const otlpEnabled = (process.env.BENCH_OTLP || 'true') !== 'false';
-            const otlpNote = !otlpEnabled ? ', otlp: `disabled`' : '';
             const waitTimeVal = process.env.BENCH_WAIT_TIME || '';
             const waitTimeNote = waitTimeVal ? `, wait-time: \`${waitTimeVal}\`` : '';
             const baselineArgsVal = process.env.BENCH_BASELINE_ARGS || '';
@@ -580,7 +566,7 @@ jobs:
             const featureArgsVal = process.env.BENCH_FEATURE_ARGS || '';
             const featureArgsNote = featureArgsVal ? `, feature-args: \`${featureArgsVal}\`` : '';
             const blocksDesc = bigBlocks ? 'blocks: `big`' : `${blocks} blocks, ${warmup} warmup blocks`;
-            core.exportVariable('BENCH_CONFIG', `**Config:** ${blocksDesc}, baseline: \`${baseline}\`, feature: \`${feature}\`${samplyNote}${noSlackNote}${coresNote}${rethNPNote}${abbaNote}${otlpNote}${waitTimeNote}${baselineArgsNote}${featureArgsNote}`);
+            core.exportVariable('BENCH_CONFIG', `**Config:** ${blocksDesc}, baseline: \`${baseline}\`, feature: \`${feature}\`${samplyNote}${noSlackNote}${coresNote}${rethNPNote}${abbaNote}${waitTimeNote}${baselineArgsNote}${featureArgsNote}`);
 
             const { buildBody } = require('./.github/scripts/bench-update-status.js');
             await github.rest.issues.updateComment({
@@ -726,16 +712,11 @@ jobs:
       - name: Check if snapshot needs update
         id: snapshot-check
         run: |
-          set +e
-          .github/scripts/bench-reth-snapshot.sh --check
-          rc=$?
-          set -e
-          case "$rc" in
-            0)  echo "needed=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT" ;;
-            10) echo "needed=true"  >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT" ;;
-            *)  echo "::error::Snapshot check failed (exit $rc)"
-                exit "$rc" ;;
-          esac
+          if .github/scripts/bench-reth-snapshot.sh --check; then
+            echo "needed=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            echo "needed=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          fi
 
       - name: Update status (snapshot needed)
         if: env.BENCH_COMMENT_ID && steps.snapshot-check.outputs.needed == 'true'
@@ -744,7 +725,7 @@ jobs:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.DEREK_PAT }}
           script: |
             const s = require('./.github/scripts/bench-update-status.js');
-            await s({github, context, status: 'Building binaries (snapshot update pending)...'});
+            await s({github, context, status: 'Building binaries & downloading snapshot...'});
 
       - name: Prepare source dirs
         run: |
@@ -764,11 +745,12 @@ jobs:
           fi
           git -C ../reth-feature checkout "$FEATURE_REF"
 
-      - name: Build binaries
+      - name: Build binaries and download snapshot in parallel
         id: build
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           BENCH_REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
+          SNAPSHOT_NEEDED: ${{ steps.snapshot-check.outputs.needed }}
         run: |
           BASELINE_DIR="$(cd ../reth-baseline && pwd)"
           FEATURE_DIR="$(cd ../reth-feature && pwd)"
@@ -778,23 +760,21 @@ jobs:
           .github/scripts/bench-reth-build.sh feature "${FEATURE_DIR}" "${{ steps.refs.outputs.feature-ref }}" &
           PID_FEATURE=$!
 
+          PID_SNAPSHOT=
+          if [ "$SNAPSHOT_NEEDED" = "true" ]; then
+            .github/scripts/bench-reth-snapshot.sh &
+            PID_SNAPSHOT=$!
+          fi
+
           FAIL=0
           wait $PID_BASELINE || FAIL=1
           wait $PID_FEATURE || FAIL=1
+          [ -n "$PID_SNAPSHOT" ] && { wait $PID_SNAPSHOT || FAIL=1; }
           if [ $FAIL -ne 0 ]; then
-            echo "::error::One or more build tasks failed"
+            echo "::error::One or more parallel tasks failed (builds / snapshot download)"
             exit 1
           fi
 
-      - name: Download snapshot
-        id: snapshot-download
-        if: steps.snapshot-check.outputs.needed == 'true'
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          BENCH_REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
-          BENCH_RETH_BINARY: ${{ github.workspace }}/../reth-feature/target/profiling/reth
-        run: .github/scripts/bench-reth-snapshot.sh
-
       # System tuning for reproducible benchmarks
       - name: System setup
         run: |
@@ -851,15 +831,15 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
           MC="mc --config-dir /home/ubuntu/.mc"
-          BUCKET="minio/reth-snapshots/reth-1-minimal-stable-big-blocks.tar.zst"
+          BUCKET="minio/reth-snapshots/reth-1-minimal-nightly-previous-big-blocks.tar.zst"
           BIG_BLOCKS_DIR="${BENCH_WORK_DIR}/big-blocks"
           rm -rf "$BIG_BLOCKS_DIR"; mkdir -p "$BIG_BLOCKS_DIR"
           echo "Downloading big blocks from $BUCKET..."
           $MC cat "$BUCKET" | pzstd -d -p 6 | tar -xf - -C "$BIG_BLOCKS_DIR"
           echo "Big blocks downloaded to $BIG_BLOCKS_DIR"
           # Verify expected directory structure
-          if [ ! -d "$BIG_BLOCKS_DIR/payloads" ]; then
-            echo "::error::Big blocks archive missing expected payloads/ directory"
+          if [ ! -d "$BIG_BLOCKS_DIR/gas-ramp-dir" ] || [ ! -d "$BIG_BLOCKS_DIR/payloads" ]; then
+            echo "::error::Big blocks archive missing expected gas-ramp-dir/ or payloads/ directories"
             ls -laR "$BIG_BLOCKS_DIR"
             exit 1
           fi
@@ -1071,6 +1051,11 @@ jobs:
           fi
           if [ "${BENCH_BIG_BLOCKS:-false}" = "true" ]; then
             SUMMARY_ARGS="$SUMMARY_ARGS --big-blocks"
+            # Read gas ramp blocks count from first baseline run (same for all runs)
+            GAS_RAMP_FILE="$BENCH_WORK_DIR/baseline-1/gas_ramp_blocks.txt"
+            if [ -f "$GAS_RAMP_FILE" ]; then
+              SUMMARY_ARGS="$SUMMARY_ARGS --gas-ramp-blocks $(cat "$GAS_RAMP_FILE" | tr -d '[:space:]')"
+            fi
           fi
           GRAFANA_URL='${{ steps.metrics.outputs.grafana-url }}'
           if [ -n "$GRAFANA_URL" ]; then
@@ -1210,22 +1195,11 @@ jobs:
                 comment_id: parseInt(ackCommentId),
                 body,
               });
+            } else {
+              // No PR — write results to job summary
+              await core.summary.addRaw(body).write();
             }
 
-      - name: Write job summary
-        if: success()
-        uses: actions/github-script@v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const jobSummary = require('./.github/scripts/bench-job-summary.js');
-            await jobSummary({
-              core,
-              context,
-              chartSha: '${{ steps.push-charts.outputs.sha }}',
-              grafanaUrl: '${{ steps.metrics.outputs.grafana-url }}',
-              runId: '${{ github.run_id }}',
-            });
-
       - name: Send Slack notification (success)
         if: success() && env.BENCH_NO_SLACK != 'true'
         uses: actions/github-script@v8
@@ -1245,8 +1219,7 @@ jobs:
           script: |
             const abba = (process.env.BENCH_ABBA || 'true') !== 'false';
             const steps_status = [
-              ['building binaries', '${{ steps.build.outcome }}'],
-              ['downloading snapshot', '${{ steps.snapshot-download.outcome }}'],
+              ['building binaries${{ steps.snapshot-check.outputs.needed == 'true' && ' & downloading snapshot' || '' }}', '${{ steps.build.outcome }}'],
               ['running baseline benchmark (1/2)', '${{ steps.run-baseline-1.outcome }}'],
               ['running feature benchmark (1/2)', '${{ steps.run-feature-1.outcome }}'],
               ...(abba ? [['running feature benchmark (2/2)', '${{ steps.run-feature-2.outcome }}']] : []),
@@ -1281,8 +1254,7 @@ jobs:
           script: |
             const abba = (process.env.BENCH_ABBA || 'true') !== 'false';
             const steps_status = [
-              ['building binaries', '${{ steps.build.outcome }}'],
-              ['downloading snapshot', '${{ steps.snapshot-download.outcome }}'],
+              ['building binaries${{ steps.snapshot-check.outputs.needed == 'true' && ' & downloading snapshot' || '' }}', '${{ steps.build.outcome }}'],
               ['running baseline benchmark (1/2)', '${{ steps.run-baseline-1.outcome }}'],
               ['running feature benchmark (1/2)', '${{ steps.run-feature-1.outcome }}'],
               ...(abba ? [['running feature benchmark (2/2)', '${{ steps.run-feature-2.outcome }}']] : []),

.github/workflows/docker-test.yml

@@ -79,4 +79,4 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: ${{ inputs.artifact_name }}
-          path: ./artifacts
+          path: ./artifacts

.github/workflows/hive.yml

@@ -5,10 +5,7 @@ name: hive
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   schedule:
-    - cron: "0 */6 * * *"
-  pull_request:
-    branches:
-      - "**"
+    - cron: "0 0 * * *"
 
 env:
   CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
@@ -18,26 +15,23 @@ concurrency:
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 jobs:
-  prepare-reth-stable:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/prepare-reth.yml
+  build-reth:
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/docker-test.yml
     with:
-      image_tag: ghcr.io/paradigmxyz/reth:latest
-      binary_name: reth
-      cargo_features: "asm-keccak"
-      artifact_name: "reth-stable"
+      hive_target: hive
+      artifact_name: "reth"
+    secrets: inherit
 
   prepare-hive:
     if: github.repository == 'paradigmxyz/reth'
     timeout-minutes: 45
-    runs-on:
-      group: Reth
+    runs-on: ${{ github.repository == 'paradigmxyz/reth' && 'depot-ubuntu-latest-4' || 'ubuntu-latest' }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - name: Checkout hive tests
         uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
-          repository: Soubhik-10/hive # rm later and use ethereum/hive
-          ref: master
+          repository: ethereum/hive
           path: hivetests
 
       - name: Get hive commit hash
@@ -83,7 +77,6 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        storage: [stable]
         # ethereum/rpc to be deprecated:
         # https://github.com/ethereum/hive/pull/1117
         scenario:
@@ -124,28 +117,26 @@ jobs:
           - sim: ethereum/rpc-compat
             include:
               - eth_blockNumber
-              # - eth_call
-              # - eth_chainId
-              # - eth_createAccessList
-              # - eth_estimateGas
-              # - eth_feeHistory
-              # - eth_getBalance
-              # - eth_getBlockBy
-              # - eth_getBlockTransactionCountBy
-              # - eth_getCode
-              # - eth_getProof
-              # - eth_getStorage
-              # - eth_getTransactionBy
-              # - eth_getTransactionCount
-              # - eth_getTransactionReceipt
-              # - eth_sendRawTransaction
-              # - eth_syncing
-              # # debug_ rpc methods
-              # - debug_
+              - eth_call
+              - eth_chainId
+              - eth_createAccessList
+              - eth_estimateGas
+              - eth_feeHistory
+              - eth_getBalance
+              - eth_getBlockBy
+              - eth_getBlockTransactionCountBy
+              - eth_getCode
+              - eth_getProof
+              - eth_getStorage
+              - eth_getTransactionBy
+              - eth_getTransactionCount
+              - eth_getTransactionReceipt
+              - eth_sendRawTransaction
+              - eth_syncing
+              # debug_ rpc methods
+              - debug_
 
           # consume-engine
-          - sim: ethereum/eels/consume-engine
-            limit: .*tests/amsterdam.*
           - sim: ethereum/eels/consume-engine
             limit: .*tests/osaka.*
           - sim: ethereum/eels/consume-engine
@@ -166,8 +157,6 @@ jobs:
             limit: .*tests/paris.*
 
           # consume-rlp
-          - sim: ethereum/eels/consume-rlp
-            limit: .*tests/amsterdam.*
           - sim: ethereum/eels/consume-rlp
             limit: .*tests/osaka.*
           - sim: ethereum/eels/consume-rlp
@@ -187,9 +176,9 @@ jobs:
           - sim: ethereum/eels/consume-rlp
             limit: .*tests/paris.*
     needs:
-      - prepare-reth-stable
+      - build-reth
       - prepare-hive
-    name: ${{ matrix.storage }} / ${{ matrix.scenario.sim }}${{ matrix.scenario.limit && format(' - {0}', matrix.scenario.limit) }}
+    name: ${{ matrix.scenario.sim }}${{ matrix.scenario.limit && format(' - {0}', matrix.scenario.limit) }}
     # Use larger runners for eels tests to avoid OOM runner crashes
     runs-on: ${{ github.repository == 'paradigmxyz/reth' && (contains(matrix.scenario.sim, 'eels') && 'depot-ubuntu-latest-8' || 'depot-ubuntu-latest-4') || 'ubuntu-latest' }}
     permissions:
@@ -208,7 +197,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Download reth image
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
         with:
-          name: reth-${{ matrix.storage }}
+          name: reth
           path: /tmp
 
       - name: Load Docker images
@@ -222,7 +211,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout hive tests
         uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
-          repository: Soubhik-10/hive
+          repository: ethereum/hive
           ref: master
           path: hivetests
 

.github/workflows/prepare-reth.yml

@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-name: Prepare Reth Image
-
-on:
-  workflow_call:
-    inputs:
-      image_tag:
-        required: true
-        type: string
-        description: "Docker image tag to use"
-      binary_name:
-        required: false
-        type: string
-        default: "reth"
-        description: "Binary name to build (reth or op-reth)"
-      cargo_features:
-        required: false
-        type: string
-        default: "asm-keccak"
-        description: "Cargo features to enable"
-      cargo_package:
-        required: false
-        type: string
-        description: "Optional cargo package path"
-      artifact_name:
-        required: false
-        type: string
-        default: "artifacts"
-        description: "Name for the uploaded artifact"
-
-jobs:
-  prepare-reth:
-    if: github.repository == 'paradigmxyz/reth'
-    timeout-minutes: 45
-    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-latest-4
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - run: mkdir artifacts
-
-      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
-
-      - name: Build and export reth image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
-        with:
-          context: .
-          file: .github/scripts/hive/Dockerfile
-          tags: ${{ inputs.image_tag }}
-          outputs: type=docker,dest=./artifacts/reth_image.tar
-          build-args: |
-            CARGO_BIN=${{ inputs.binary_name }}
-            MANIFEST_PATH=${{ inputs.cargo_package }}
-            FEATURES=${{ inputs.cargo_features }}
-          cache-from: type=gha
-          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
-
-      - name: Upload reth image
-        id: upload
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
-        with:
-          name: ${{ inputs.artifact_name }}
-          path: ./artifacts

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -227,14 +227,14 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload artifact
         if: ${{ github.event.inputs.dry_run != 'true' }}
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: reth-${{ needs.extract-version.outputs.VERSION }}-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz
           path: reth-${{ needs.extract-version.outputs.VERSION }}-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz
 
       - name: Upload signature
         if: ${{ github.event.inputs.dry_run != 'true' }}
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: reth-${{ needs.extract-version.outputs.VERSION }}-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz.asc
           path: reth-${{ needs.extract-version.outputs.VERSION }}-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz.asc

Cargo.lock

@@ -106,9 +106,9 @@ checksum = "683d7910e743518b0e34f1186f92494becacb047c7b6bf616c96772180fef923"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-chains"
-version = "0.2.32"
+version = "0.2.31"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9247f0a399ef71aeb68f497b2b8fb348014f742b50d3b83b1e00dfe1b7d64b3d"
+checksum = "6d9d22005bf31b018f31ef9ecadb5d2c39cf4f6acc8db0456f72c815f3d7f757"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-primitives",
  "alloy-rlp",
@@ -122,7 +122,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-consensus"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b0c0dc44157867da82c469c13186015b86abef209bf0e41625e4b68bac61d728"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-eips",
  "alloy-primitives",
@@ -149,7 +150,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-consensus-any"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ba4cdb42df3871cd6b346d6a938ec2ba69a9a0f49d1f82714bc5c48349268434"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-eips",
@@ -163,7 +165,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-contract"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ca63b7125a981415898ffe2a2a696c83696c9c6bdb1671c8a912946bbd8e49e7"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-dyn-abi",
@@ -195,7 +198,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "itoa",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
- "winnow 0.7.15",
+ "winnow",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -260,7 +263,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-eips"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b9f7ef09f21bd1e9cb8a686f168cb4a206646804567f0889eadb8dcc4c9288c8"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-eip2124",
  "alloy-eip2930",
@@ -286,7 +290,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-evm"
 version = "0.29.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/evm?branch=bal-devnet2#5ca2989a1fc18079ca29387c61c5e5b6d6150030"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3cb6ba2dafd6327f78f2b59ae539bd5c39c57a01dc76763e92942619d934a7bb"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-eips",
@@ -308,7 +313,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-genesis"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7c9cf3b99f46615fbf7dc1add0c96553abb7bf88fc9ec70dfbe7ad0b47ba7fe8"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-eips",
  "alloy-primitives",
@@ -361,7 +367,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-json-rpc"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ff42cd777eea61f370c0b10f2648a1c81e0b783066cd7269228aa993afd487f7"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-primitives",
  "alloy-sol-types",
@@ -375,7 +382,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-network"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8cbca04f9b410fdc51aaaf88433cbac761213905a65fe832058bcf6690585762"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-consensus-any",
@@ -400,7 +408,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-network-primitives"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "42d6d15e069a8b11f56bef2eccbad2a873c6dd4d4c81d04dda29710f5ea52f04"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-eips",
@@ -412,7 +421,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-node-bindings"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "091dc8117d84de3a9ac7ec97f2c4d83987e24d485b478d26aa1ec455d7d52f7d"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-genesis",
  "alloy-hardforks 0.2.13",
@@ -476,7 +486,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-provider"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d181c8cc7cf4805d7e589bf4074d56d55064fa1a979f005a45a62b047616d870"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-chains",
  "alloy-consensus",
@@ -520,7 +531,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-pubsub"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e8bd82953194dec221aa4cbbbb0b1e2df46066fe9d0333ac25b43a311e122d13"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-json-rpc",
  "alloy-primitives",
@@ -563,7 +575,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-client"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f2792758a93ae32a32e9047c843d536e1448044f78422d71bf7d7c05149e103f"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-json-rpc",
  "alloy-primitives",
@@ -588,7 +601,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-types"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7bdcbf9dfd5eea8bfeb078b1d906da8cd3a39c4d4dbe7a628025648e323611f6"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-primitives",
  "alloy-rpc-types-engine",
@@ -600,7 +614,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-types-admin"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "42325c117af3a9e49013f881c1474168db57978e02085fc9853a1c89e0562740"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-genesis",
  "alloy-primitives",
@@ -611,7 +626,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-types-anvil"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e0a3100b76987c1b1dc81f3abe592b7edc29e92b1242067a69d65e0030b35cf9"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-primitives",
  "alloy-rpc-types-eth",
@@ -622,7 +638,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-types-any"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dd720b63f82b457610f2eaaf1f32edf44efffe03ae25d537632e7d23e7929e1a"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus-any",
  "alloy-rpc-types-eth",
@@ -632,7 +649,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-types-beacon"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4a22e13215866f5dfd5d3278f4c41f1fad9410dc68ce39022f58593c873c26f8"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-eips",
  "alloy-primitives",
@@ -651,7 +669,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-types-debug"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e1b21e1ad18ff1b31ff1030e046462ab8168cf8894e6778cd805c8bdfe2bd649"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-primitives",
  "derive_more",
@@ -662,7 +681,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-types-engine"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e4ac61f03f1edabccde1c687b5b25fff28f183afee64eaa2e767def3929e4457"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-eips",
@@ -682,7 +702,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-types-eth"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9b2dc411f13092f237d2bf6918caf80977fc2f51485f9b90cb2a2f956912c8c9"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-consensus-any",
@@ -703,7 +724,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-types-mev"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fe85bf3be739126aa593dca9fb3ab13ca93fa7873e6f2247be64d7f2cb15f34a"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-eips",
@@ -717,7 +739,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-types-trace"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1ad79f1e27e161943b5a4f99fe5534ef0849876214be411e0032c12f38e94daa"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-primitives",
  "alloy-rpc-types-eth",
@@ -730,7 +753,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-rpc-types-txpool"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d459f902a2313737bc66d18ed094c25d2aeb268b74d98c26bbbda2aa44182ab0"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-primitives",
  "alloy-rpc-types-eth",
@@ -741,7 +765,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-serde"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e2ce1e0dbf7720eee747700e300c99aac01b1a95bb93f493a01e78ee28bb1a37"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-primitives",
  "arbitrary",
@@ -752,7 +777,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-signer"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2425c6f314522c78e8198979c8cbf6769362be4da381d4152ea8eefce383535d"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-primitives",
  "async-trait",
@@ -766,7 +792,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-signer-local"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c3ecb71ee53d8d9c3fa7bac17542c8116ebc7a9726c91b1bf333ec3d04f5a789"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-network",
@@ -836,7 +863,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a6df77fea9d6a2a75c0ef8d2acbdfd92286cc599983d3175ccdc170d3433d249"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
- "winnow 0.7.15",
+ "winnow",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -854,7 +881,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-transport"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fa186e560d523d196580c48bf00f1bf62e63041f28ecf276acc22f8b27bb9f53"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-json-rpc",
  "auto_impl",
@@ -876,7 +904,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-transport-http"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "aa501ad58dd20acddbfebc65b52e60f05ebf97c52fa40d1b35e91f5e2da0ad0e"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-json-rpc",
  "alloy-transport",
@@ -891,7 +920,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-transport-ipc"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c2ef85688e5ac2da72afc804e0a1f153a1f309f05a864b1998bbbed7804dbaab"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-json-rpc",
  "alloy-pubsub",
@@ -910,7 +940,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-transport-ws"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b9f00445db69d63298e2b00a0ea1d859f00e6424a3144ffc5eba9c31da995e16"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-pubsub",
  "alloy-transport",
@@ -946,7 +977,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "alloy-tx-macros"
 version = "1.7.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#1fd12c4107dcf3ad3fbbc404004a710bf91db3e6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6fa0c53e8c1e1ef4d01066b01c737fb62fc9397ab52c6e7bb5669f97d281b9bc"
 dependencies = [
  "darling 0.21.3",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -1699,6 +1731,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "generic-array",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "block2"
+version = "0.6.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cdeb9d870516001442e364c5220d3574d2da8dc765554b4a617230d33fa58ef5"
+dependencies = [
+ "objc2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "blst"
 version = "0.3.16"
@@ -1854,20 +1895,19 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "borsh"
-version = "1.6.1"
+version = "1.6.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cfd1e3f8955a5d7de9fab72fc8373fade9fb8a703968cb200ae3dc6cf08e185a"
+checksum = "d1da5ab77c1437701eeff7c88d968729e7766172279eab0676857b3d63af7a6f"
 dependencies = [
  "borsh-derive",
- "bytes",
  "cfg_aliases",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "borsh-derive"
-version = "1.6.1"
+version = "1.6.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bfcfdc083699101d5a7965e49925975f2f55060f94f9a05e7187be95d530ca59"
+checksum = "0686c856aa6aac0c4498f936d7d6a02df690f614c03e4d906d1018062b5c5e2c"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "proc-macro-crate",
@@ -2735,6 +2775,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "cipher",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ctrlc"
+version = "3.5.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e0b1fab2ae45819af2d0731d60f2afe17227ebb1a1538a236da84c93e9a60162"
+dependencies = [
+ "dispatch2",
+ "nix",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "curve25519-dalek"
 version = "4.1.3"
@@ -3127,6 +3178,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "zeroize",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "dispatch2"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1e0e367e4e7da84520dedcac1901e4da967309406d1e51017ae1abfb97adbd38"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.0",
+ "block2",
+ "libc",
+ "objc2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "displaydoc"
 version = "0.2.5"
@@ -3140,9 +3203,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "doctest-file"
-version = "1.1.1"
+version = "1.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c2db04e74f0a9a93103b50e90b96024c9b2bdca8bce6a632ec71b88736d3d359"
+checksum = "aac81fa3e28d21450aa4d2ac065992ba96a1d7303efbce51a95f4fd175b67562"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "document-features"
@@ -3722,6 +3785,19 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "example-migrate-trie-to-packed"
+version = "0.0.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "clap",
+ "eyre",
+ "reth-db",
+ "reth-db-api",
+ "reth-trie-common",
+ "reth-trie-db",
+ "serde_json",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "example-network"
 version = "0.0.0"
@@ -5039,9 +5115,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "instability"
-version = "0.3.12"
+version = "0.3.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5eb2d60ef19920a3a9193c3e371f726ec1dafc045dac788d0fb3704272458971"
+checksum = "357b7205c6cd18dd2c86ed312d1e70add149aea98e7ef72b9fdf0270e555c11d"
 dependencies = [
  "darling 0.23.0",
  "indoc",
@@ -6170,9 +6246,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num_enum"
-version = "0.7.6"
+version = "0.7.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5d0bca838442ec211fa11de3a8b0e0e8f3a4522575b5c4c06ed722e005036f26"
+checksum = "b1207a7e20ad57b847bbddc6776b968420d38292bbfe2089accff5e19e82454c"
 dependencies = [
  "num_enum_derive",
  "rustversion",
@@ -6180,9 +6256,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num_enum_derive"
-version = "0.7.6"
+version = "0.7.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "680998035259dcfcafe653688bf2aa6d3e2dc05e98be6ab46afb089dc84f1df8"
+checksum = "ff32365de1b6743cb203b710788263c44a03de03802daf96092f2da4fe6ba4d7"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-crate",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -6214,6 +6290,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "smallvec",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2"
+version = "0.6.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3a12a8ed07aefc768292f076dc3ac8c48f3781c8f2d5851dd3d98950e8c5a89f"
+dependencies = [
+ "objc2-encode",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "objc2-core-foundation"
 version = "0.3.2"
@@ -6223,6 +6308,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.11.0",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-encode"
+version = "4.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ef25abbcd74fb2609453eb695bd2f860d389e457f67dc17cafc8b8cbc89d0c33"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "objc2-io-kit"
 version = "0.3.2"
@@ -6266,9 +6357,9 @@ checksum = "d6790f58c7ff633d8771f42965289203411a5e5c68388703c06e14f24770b41e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "op-alloy"
-version = "0.23.1"
+version = "0.24.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e9b8fee21003dd4f076563de9b9d26f8c97840157ef78593cd7f262c5ca99848"
+checksum = "a95dd0974d5e60ffe9342a70cc0033d299244fab01cb16a958eb7352ddba1fa7"
 dependencies = [
  "op-alloy-consensus",
  "op-alloy-network",
@@ -6279,8 +6370,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "op-alloy-consensus"
-version = "0.23.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/op-alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#d3c6e661ce58697327f53508f9514a75ca68eb60"
+version = "0.24.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fadcb964b0aa645d12e952d470c7585d23286d8bcf1ac41589410b6724216b68"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-eips",
@@ -6298,8 +6390,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "op-alloy-network"
-version = "0.23.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/op-alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#d3c6e661ce58697327f53508f9514a75ca68eb60"
+version = "0.24.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c8ea44162d493219cc678aaca1253d46c3aa73aa361326dfa9d406f086dfa135"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-network",
@@ -6313,9 +6406,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "op-alloy-provider"
-version = "0.23.1"
+version = "0.24.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6753d90efbaa8ea8bcb89c1737408ca85fa60d7adb875049d3f382c063666f86"
+checksum = "83aa8dc34bdf077c8e6d48ff75beff4ac14b428d982c9722483ccd7473c0e114"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-network",
  "alloy-primitives",
@@ -6328,8 +6421,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "op-alloy-rpc-types"
-version = "0.23.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/op-alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#d3c6e661ce58697327f53508f9514a75ca68eb60"
+version = "0.24.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "be9d16ec9f7810e0623a37edc293d1c05fe9c58a5647f6973fdd93e0b4795015"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-eips",
@@ -6346,8 +6440,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "op-alloy-rpc-types-engine"
-version = "0.23.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/alloy-rs/op-alloy?branch=bal-devnet2#d3c6e661ce58697327f53508f9514a75ca68eb60"
+version = "0.24.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2c0ac5c5ddcbffadcd097d278c717d34849bcc629f6e4f8514eb000ec862def8"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-eips",
@@ -6368,7 +6463,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "op-revm"
 version = "17.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bluealloy/revm?rev=fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923#fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "57a98f3a512a7e02a1dcf1242b57302d83657b265a665d50ad98d0b158efaf2c"
 dependencies = [
  "auto_impl",
  "revm",
@@ -7556,8 +7652,10 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "reth-bench"
 version = "1.11.3"
 dependencies = [
+ "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-eips",
  "alloy-json-rpc",
+ "alloy-network",
  "alloy-primitives",
  "alloy-provider",
  "alloy-pubsub",
@@ -7577,9 +7675,11 @@ dependencies = [
  "op-alloy-consensus",
  "op-alloy-rpc-types-engine",
  "reqwest",
+ "reth-chainspec",
  "reth-cli-runner",
  "reth-cli-util",
  "reth-engine-primitives",
+ "reth-ethereum-primitives",
  "reth-fs-util",
  "reth-node-api",
  "reth-node-core",
@@ -7595,6 +7695,33 @@ dependencies = [
  "url",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "reth-bench-compare"
+version = "1.11.3"
+dependencies = [
+ "alloy-primitives",
+ "alloy-provider",
+ "alloy-rpc-client",
+ "alloy-rpc-types-eth",
+ "alloy-transport-ws",
+ "chrono",
+ "clap",
+ "csv",
+ "ctrlc",
+ "eyre",
+ "nix",
+ "reth-chainspec",
+ "reth-cli-runner",
+ "reth-cli-util",
+ "reth-node-core",
+ "reth-tracing",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "shlex",
+ "tokio",
+ "tracing",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "reth-chain-state"
 version = "1.11.3"
@@ -7835,7 +7962,6 @@ name = "reth-consensus"
 version = "1.11.3"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
- "alloy-eip7928",
  "alloy-primitives",
  "auto_impl",
  "reth-execution-types",
@@ -8259,7 +8385,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "eyre",
  "fixed-cache",
  "futures",
- "itertools 0.14.0",
  "metrics",
  "metrics-util",
  "moka",
@@ -9514,7 +9639,6 @@ version = "1.11.3"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-consensus",
  "alloy-eips",
- "alloy-genesis",
  "alloy-primitives",
  "alloy-rpc-types-engine",
  "assert_matches",
@@ -9793,6 +9917,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "reth-node-core",
  "reth-node-ethereum",
  "reth-payload-builder",
+ "reth-payload-primitives",
  "reth-primitives-traits",
  "reth-provider",
  "reth-rpc",
@@ -10537,7 +10662,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "revm"
 version = "36.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bluealloy/revm?rev=fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923#fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b0abc15d09cd211e9e73410ada10134069c794d4bcdb787dfc16a1bf0939849c"
 dependencies = [
  "revm-bytecode",
  "revm-context",
@@ -10555,7 +10681,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "revm-bytecode"
 version = "9.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bluealloy/revm?rev=fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923#fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e86e468df3cf5cf59fa7ef71a3e9ccabb76bb336401ea2c0674f563104cf3c5e"
 dependencies = [
  "bitvec",
  "phf",
@@ -10566,7 +10693,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "revm-context"
 version = "15.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bluealloy/revm?rev=fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923#fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9eb1f0a76b14d684a444fc52f7bf6b7564bf882599d91ee62e76d602e7a187c7"
 dependencies = [
  "bitvec",
  "cfg-if",
@@ -10582,7 +10710,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "revm-context-interface"
 version = "16.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bluealloy/revm?rev=fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923#fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fc256b27743e2912ca16899568e6652a372eb5d1d573e6edb16c7836b16cf487"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-eip2930",
  "alloy-eip7702",
@@ -10597,7 +10726,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "revm-database"
 version = "12.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bluealloy/revm?rev=fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923#fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2c0a7d6da41061f2c50f99a2632571026b23684b5449ff319914151f4449b6c8"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-eips",
  "revm-bytecode",
@@ -10610,7 +10740,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "revm-database-interface"
 version = "10.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bluealloy/revm?rev=fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923#fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bd497a38a79057b94a049552cb1f925ad15078bc1a479c132aeeebd1d2ccc768"
 dependencies = [
  "auto_impl",
  "either",
@@ -10623,7 +10754,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "revm-handler"
 version = "17.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bluealloy/revm?rev=fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923#fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9f1eed729ca9b228ae98688f352235871e9b8be3d568d488e4070f64c56e9d3d"
 dependencies = [
  "auto_impl",
  "derive-where",
@@ -10641,7 +10773,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "revm-inspector"
 version = "17.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bluealloy/revm?rev=fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923#fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cbf5102391706513689f91cb3cb3d97b5f13a02e8647e6e9cb7620877ef84847"
 dependencies = [
  "auto_impl",
  "either",
@@ -10657,9 +10790,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "revm-inspectors"
-version = "0.36.1"
+version = "0.36.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9487362b728f80dd2033ef5f4d0688453435bbe7caa721fa7e3b8fa25d89242b"
+checksum = "cfb0f462c8a3d9989d3dbc62d7cca4dfecd7072cfa5d563ab90ced60590ed1da"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-primitives",
  "alloy-rpc-types-eth",
@@ -10678,7 +10811,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "revm-interpreter"
 version = "34.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bluealloy/revm?rev=fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923#fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cf22f80612bb8f58fd1f578750281f2afadb6c93835b14ae6a4d6b75ca26f445"
 dependencies = [
  "revm-bytecode",
  "revm-context-interface",
@@ -10690,7 +10824,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "revm-precompile"
 version = "32.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bluealloy/revm?rev=fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923#fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e2ec11f45deec71e4945e1809736bb20d454285f9167ab53c5159dae1deb603f"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-bls12-381",
  "ark-bn254",
@@ -10713,7 +10848,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "revm-primitives"
 version = "22.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bluealloy/revm?rev=fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923#fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4bcfb5ce6cf18b118932bcdb7da05cd9c250f2cb9f64131396b55f3fe3537c35"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-primitives",
  "num_enum",
@@ -10724,7 +10860,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "revm-state"
 version = "10.0.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/bluealloy/revm?rev=fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923#fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d29404707763da607e5d6e4771cb203998c28159279c2f64cc32de08d2814651"
 dependencies = [
  "alloy-eip7928",
  "bitflags 2.11.0",
@@ -11558,8 +11695,7 @@ checksum = "0c790de23124f9ab44544d7ac05d60440adc586479ce501c1d6d7da3cd8c9cf5"
 [[package]]
 name = "slotmap"
 version = "1.1.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bdd58c3c93c3d278ca835519292445cb4b0d4dc59ccfdf7ceadaab3f8aeb4038"
+source = "git+https://github.com/DaniPopes/slotmap.git?branch=dani%2Fshrink-methods#09fbd360968f9ecef19fc9559037cf869d33858b"
 dependencies = [
  "version_check",
 ]
@@ -12166,11 +12302,7 @@ checksum = "d25a406cddcc431a75d3d9afc6a7c0f7428d4891dd973e4d54c56b46127bf857"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-util",
  "log",
- "rustls",
- "rustls-native-certs",
- "rustls-pki-types",
  "tokio",
- "tokio-rustls",
  "tungstenite 0.28.0",
 ]
 
@@ -12201,7 +12333,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "toml_datetime 0.7.5+spec-1.1.0",
  "toml_parser",
  "toml_writer",
- "winnow 0.7.15",
+ "winnow",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -12215,39 +12347,39 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_datetime"
-version = "1.0.1+spec-1.1.0"
+version = "1.0.0+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9b320e741db58cac564e26c607d3cc1fdc4a88fd36c879568c07856ed83ff3e9"
+checksum = "32c2555c699578a4f59f0cc68e5116c8d7cabbd45e1409b989d4be085b53f13e"
 dependencies = [
  "serde_core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_edit"
-version = "0.25.5+spec-1.1.0"
+version = "0.25.4+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8ca1a40644a28bce036923f6a431df0b34236949d111cc07cb6dca830c9ef2e1"
+checksum = "7193cbd0ce53dc966037f54351dbbcf0d5a642c7f0038c382ef9e677ce8c13f2"
 dependencies = [
  "indexmap 2.13.0",
- "toml_datetime 1.0.1+spec-1.1.0",
+ "toml_datetime 1.0.0+spec-1.1.0",
  "toml_parser",
- "winnow 1.0.0",
+ "winnow",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_parser"
-version = "1.0.10+spec-1.1.0"
+version = "1.0.9+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7df25b4befd31c4816df190124375d5a20c6b6921e2cad937316de3fccd63420"
+checksum = "702d4415e08923e7e1ef96cd5727c0dfed80b4d2fa25db9647fe5eb6f7c5a4c4"
 dependencies = [
- "winnow 1.0.0",
+ "winnow",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_writer"
-version = "1.0.7+spec-1.1.0"
+version = "1.0.6+spec-1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f17aaa1c6e3dc22b1da4b6bba97d066e354c7945cac2f7852d4e4e7ca7a6b56d"
+checksum = "ab16f14aed21ee8bfd8ec22513f7287cd4a91aa92e44edfe2c17ddd004e92607"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tonic"
@@ -12625,8 +12757,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "httparse",
  "log",
  "rand 0.9.2",
- "rustls",
- "rustls-pki-types",
  "sha1",
  "thiserror 2.0.18",
  "utf-8",
@@ -13643,15 +13773,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "winnow"
-version = "1.0.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a90e88e4667264a994d34e6d1ab2d26d398dcdca8b7f52bec8668957517fc7d8"
-dependencies = [
- "memchr",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "winreg"
 version = "0.50.0"
@@ -13837,18 +13958,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy"
-version = "0.8.46"
+version = "0.8.42"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5c5030500cb2d66bdfbb4ebc9563be6ce7005a4b5d0f26be0c523870fe372ca6"
+checksum = "f2578b716f8a7a858b7f02d5bd870c14bf4ddbbcf3a4c05414ba6503640505e3"
 dependencies = [
  "zerocopy-derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy-derive"
-version = "0.8.46"
+version = "0.8.42"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a5f86989a046a79640b9d8867c823349a139367bda96549794fcc3313ce91f4e"
+checksum = "7e6cc098ea4d3bd6246687de65af3f920c430e236bee1e3bf2e441463f08a02f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",

Cargo.toml

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ exclude = [".github/"]
 [workspace]
 members = [
     "bin/reth-bench/",
+    "bin/reth-bench-compare/",
     "bin/reth/",
     "crates/storage/rpc-provider/",
     "crates/chain-state/",
@@ -137,6 +138,7 @@ members = [
     "examples/exex-subscription",
     "examples/exex-test",
     "examples/full-contract-state",
+    "examples/migrate-trie-to-packed",
     "examples/manual-p2p/",
     "examples/network-txpool/",
     "examples/network/",
@@ -322,6 +324,7 @@ reth = { path = "bin/reth" }
 reth-storage-rpc-provider = { path = "crates/storage/rpc-provider" }
 reth-basic-payload-builder = { path = "crates/payload/basic" }
 reth-bench = { path = "bin/reth-bench" }
+reth-bench-compare = { path = "bin/reth-bench-compare" }
 reth-chain-state = { path = "crates/chain-state" }
 reth-chainspec = { path = "crates/chainspec", default-features = false }
 reth-cli = { path = "crates/cli/cli" }
@@ -441,16 +444,17 @@ revm-state = { version = "10.0.0", default-features = false }
 revm-primitives = { version = "22.1.0", default-features = false }
 revm-interpreter = { version = "34.0.0", default-features = false }
 revm-database-interface = { version = "10.0.0", default-features = false }
+op-revm = { version = "17.0.0", default-features = false }
 revm-inspectors = "0.36.0"
 
 # eth
-alloy-dyn-abi = "1.5.0"
-alloy-primitives = { version = "1.5.0", default-features = false, features = ["map-foldhash"] }
-alloy-sol-types = { version = "1.5.0", default-features = false }
+alloy-dyn-abi = "1.5.6"
+alloy-primitives = { version = "1.5.6", default-features = false, features = ["map-foldhash"] }
+alloy-sol-types = { version = "1.5.6", default-features = false }
 
 alloy-chains = { version = "0.2.5", default-features = false }
 alloy-eip2124 = { version = "0.2.0", default-features = false }
-alloy-eip7928 = { version = "0.3.3", default-features = false, features = ["rlp"] }
+alloy-eip7928 = { version = "0.3.0", default-features = false }
 alloy-evm = { version = "0.29.2", default-features = false }
 alloy-rlp = { version = "0.3.13", default-features = false, features = ["core-net"] }
 alloy-trie = { version = "0.9.4", default-features = false }
@@ -486,13 +490,9 @@ alloy-transport-ipc = { version = "1.7.3", default-features = false }
 alloy-transport-ws = { version = "1.7.3", default-features = false }
 
 # op
-alloy-op-hardforks = "0.4.4"
-op-alloy-rpc-types = { version = "0.23.1", default-features = false }
-op-alloy-rpc-types-engine = { version = "0.23.1", default-features = false }
-op-alloy-network = { version = "0.23.1", default-features = false }
-op-alloy-consensus = { version = "0.23.1", default-features = false }
-op-alloy-rpc-jsonrpsee = { version = "0.23.1", default-features = false }
-op-alloy-flz = { version = "0.13.1", default-features = false }
+op-alloy-rpc-types = { version = "0.24.0", default-features = false }
+op-alloy-rpc-types-engine = { version = "0.24.0", default-features = false }
+op-alloy-consensus = { version = "0.24.0", default-features = false }
 
 # misc
 either = { version = "1.15.0", default-features = false }
@@ -531,21 +531,21 @@ quanta = "0.12"
 paste = "1.0"
 rand = "0.9"
 rayon = "1.7"
+thread-priority = "3.0.0"
 rustc-hash = { version = "2.0", default-features = false }
 schnellru = "0.2"
 serde = { version = "1.0", default-features = false }
 serde_json = { version = "1.0", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 serde_with = { version = "3", default-features = false, features = ["macros"] }
 sha2 = { version = "0.10", default-features = false }
-shellexpand = "3.0.0"
 shlex = "1.3"
-slotmap = "1"
+# https://github.com/orlp/slotmap/pull/148
+slotmap = { git = "https://github.com/DaniPopes/slotmap.git", branch = "dani/shrink-methods" }
 smallvec = "1"
 strum = { version = "0.27", default-features = false }
 strum_macros = "0.27"
 syn = "2.0"
 thiserror = { version = "2.0.0", default-features = false }
-thread-priority = "3.0.0"
 tar = "0.4.44"
 tracing = { version = "0.1.0", default-features = false, features = ["attributes"] }
 tracing-appender = "0.2"
@@ -756,68 +756,3 @@ ipnet = "2.11"
 # alloy-evm = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/evm", rev = "9bc2dba" }
 
 # revm-inspectors = { git = "https://github.com/paradigmxyz/revm-inspectors", rev = "3020ea8" }
-
-# alloy-evm = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/evm", rev = "072c248" }
-# alloy-op-evm = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/evm", rev = "072c248" }
-
-# =============================================================================
-# BAL devnet patches (EIP-7778, EIP-7928 block access lists)
-# =============================================================================
-
-# revm staging patches
-revm = { git = "https://github.com/bluealloy/revm", rev = "fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923" }
-revm-bytecode = { git = "https://github.com/bluealloy/revm", rev = "fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923" }
-revm-database = { git = "https://github.com/bluealloy/revm", rev = "fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923" }
-revm-database-interface = { git = "https://github.com/bluealloy/revm", rev = "fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923" }
-revm-state = { git = "https://github.com/bluealloy/revm", rev = "fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923" }
-revm-primitives = { git = "https://github.com/bluealloy/revm", rev = "fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923" }
-revm-interpreter = { git = "https://github.com/bluealloy/revm", rev = "fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923" }
-revm-precompile = { git = "https://github.com/bluealloy/revm", rev = "fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923" }
-revm-context = { git = "https://github.com/bluealloy/revm", rev = "fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923" }
-revm-context-interface = { git = "https://github.com/bluealloy/revm", rev = "fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923" }
-revm-handler = { git = "https://github.com/bluealloy/revm", rev = "fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923" }
-revm-inspector = { git = "https://github.com/bluealloy/revm", rev = "fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923" }
-op-revm = { git = "https://github.com/bluealloy/revm", rev = "fa5a6914398c9b178422efc1edd1d2ab33dad923" }
-# revm-inspectors = { git = "https://github.com/paradigmxyz/revm-inspectors", branch = "staging" }
-
-# alloy-evm bal-devnet2 patches
-alloy-evm = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/evm", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-
-# alloy bal-devnet2 patches
-alloy-consensus = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-consensus-any = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-contract = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-eips = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-genesis = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-json-rpc = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-network = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-node-bindings = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-network-primitives = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-provider = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-pubsub = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-rpc-client = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-rpc-types = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-rpc-types-admin = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-rpc-types-anvil = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-rpc-types-beacon = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-rpc-types-debug = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-rpc-types-engine = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-rpc-types-any = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-rpc-types-eth = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-rpc-types-mev = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-rpc-types-trace = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-rpc-types-txpool = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-serde = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-signer = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-signer-local = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-transport = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-transport-http = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-transport-ipc = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-transport-ws = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-alloy-tx-macros = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-
-# op-alloy bal-devnet2 patches
-op-alloy-consensus = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/op-alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-op-alloy-network = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/op-alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-op-alloy-rpc-types = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/op-alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }
-op-alloy-rpc-types-engine = { git = "https://github.com/alloy-rs/op-alloy", branch = "bal-devnet2" }

Makefile

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ EF_TESTS_URL := https://github.com/ethereum/tests/archive/refs/tags/$(EF_TESTS_T
 EF_TESTS_DIR := ./testing/ef-tests/ethereum-tests
 
 # The release tag of https://github.com/ethereum/execution-spec-tests to use for EEST tests
-EEST_TESTS_TAG := bal@v5.0.0
+EEST_TESTS_TAG := v4.5.0
 EEST_TESTS_URL := https://github.com/ethereum/execution-spec-tests/releases/download/$(EEST_TESTS_TAG)/fixtures_stable.tar.gz
 EEST_TESTS_DIR := ./testing/ef-tests/execution-spec-tests
 

bin/reth-bench-compare/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+[package]
+name = "reth-bench-compare"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+rust-version.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+homepage.workspace = true
+repository.workspace = true
+description = "Automated reth benchmark comparison between git references"
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "reth-bench-compare"
+path = "src/main.rs"
+
+[dependencies]
+# reth
+reth-cli-runner.workspace = true
+reth-cli-util.workspace = true
+reth-node-core.workspace = true
+reth-tracing.workspace = true
+reth-chainspec.workspace = true
+
+# alloy
+alloy-provider = { workspace = true, features = ["reqwest-rustls-tls"], default-features = false }
+alloy-rpc-client = { workspace = true, features = ["pubsub"] }
+alloy-rpc-types-eth.workspace = true
+alloy-transport-ws.workspace = true
+alloy-primitives.workspace = true
+
+# CLI and argument parsing
+clap = { workspace = true, features = ["derive", "env"] }
+eyre.workspace = true
+
+# Async runtime
+tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["full"] }
+tracing.workspace = true
+
+# Serialization
+serde = { workspace = true, features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json.workspace = true
+
+# Time handling
+chrono = { workspace = true, features = ["serde"] }
+
+# CSV handling
+csv.workspace = true
+
+# Process management
+ctrlc.workspace = true
+shlex.workspace = true
+
+[target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
+nix = { version = "0.31", features = ["signal", "process"] }
+
+[features]
+default = ["jemalloc"]
+
+asm-keccak = [
+    "reth-node-core/asm-keccak",
+    "alloy-primitives/asm-keccak",
+]
+
+jemalloc = [
+    "reth-cli-util/jemalloc",
+    "reth-node-core/jemalloc",
+]
+jemalloc-prof = ["reth-cli-util/jemalloc-prof"]
+tracy-allocator = ["reth-cli-util/tracy-allocator", "tracy"]
+tracy = [
+    "reth-node-core/tracy",
+    "reth-tracing/tracy",
+]
+
+min-error-logs = [
+    "tracing/release_max_level_error",
+    "reth-node-core/min-error-logs",
+]
+min-warn-logs = [
+    "tracing/release_max_level_warn",
+    "reth-node-core/min-warn-logs",
+]
+min-info-logs = [
+    "tracing/release_max_level_info",
+    "reth-node-core/min-info-logs",
+]
+min-debug-logs = [
+    "tracing/release_max_level_debug",
+    "reth-node-core/min-debug-logs",
+]
+min-trace-logs = [
+    "tracing/release_max_level_trace",
+    "reth-node-core/min-trace-logs",
+]
+
+# no-op feature flag for CI matrices
+ethereum = []

bin/reth-bench-compare/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# reth-bench-compare
+
+Compare reth performance between two git references.
+
+## Usage
+
+```bash
+reth-bench-compare \
+  --baseline-ref main \
+  --feature-ref my-feature \
+  --blocks 100 \
+  --wait-for-persistence
+```
+
+## Arguments
+
+| Argument | Description | Default | Required |
+|----------|-------------|---------|----------|
+| `--baseline-ref <REF>` | Git reference for baseline | - | Yes |
+| `--feature-ref <REF>` | Git reference to compare | - | Yes |
+| `--blocks <N>` | Number of blocks to benchmark | `100` | No |
+| `--chain <CHAIN>` | Chain to benchmark | `mainnet` | No |
+| `--datadir <PATH>` | Data directory path | OS-specific | No |
+| `--rpc-url <URL>` | RPC endpoint for block data | Chain default | No |
+| `--output-dir <PATH>` | Output directory | `./reth-bench-compare` | No |
+| `--wait-for-persistence` | Wait for block persistence | `false` | No |
+| `--persistence-threshold <N>` | Wait after every N+1 blocks | `2` | No |
+| `--wait-time <DURATION>` | Fixed delay (legacy) | - | No |
+| `--warmup-blocks <N>` | Cache warmup blocks | Same as `--blocks` | No |
+| `--draw` | Generate charts (needs Python/uv) | `false` | No |
+| `--profile` | Enable CPU profiling (needs samply) | `false` | No |
+| `-vvvv` | Debug logging | Info | No |
+| `--features <FEATURES>` | Extra Rust features for both builds | - | No |
+| `--rustflags <FLAGS>` | RUSTFLAGS for both builds | `-C target-cpu=native` | No |
+| `--baseline-features <FEATURES>` | Features for baseline only | Inherits `--features` | No |
+| `--feature-features <FEATURES>` | Features for feature only | Inherits `--features` | No |
+| `--baseline-rustflags <FLAGS>` | RUSTFLAGS for baseline only | Inherits `--rustflags` | No |
+| `--feature-rustflags <FLAGS>` | RUSTFLAGS for feature only | Inherits `--rustflags` | No |
+| `--baseline-args <ARGS>` | Extra args for baseline node | - | No |
+| `--feature-args <ARGS>` | Extra args for feature node | - | No |
+| `--metrics-port <PORT>` | Metrics endpoint port | `5005` | No |
+| `--sudo` | Run with elevated privileges | `false` | No |
+
+## Output
+
+Results in `./reth-bench-compare/results/<timestamp>/`:
+- `comparison_report.json` - Metrics comparison
+- `per_block_comparison.csv` - Per-block statistics
+- `baseline/` and `feature/` - Individual run results
+- `latency_comparison.png` - Chart (if `--draw` used)

bin/reth-bench-compare/src/benchmark.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+//! Benchmark execution using reth-bench.
+
+use crate::cli::Args;
+use eyre::{eyre, Result, WrapErr};
+use std::{
+    path::Path,
+    sync::{Arc, Mutex},
+};
+use tokio::{
+    fs::File as AsyncFile,
+    io::{AsyncBufReadExt, AsyncWriteExt, BufReader},
+    process::Command,
+};
+use tracing::{debug, error, info, warn};
+
+/// Manages benchmark execution using reth-bench
+pub(crate) struct BenchmarkRunner {
+    rpc_url: String,
+    jwt_secret: String,
+    wait_time: Option<String>,
+    wait_for_persistence: bool,
+    persistence_threshold: Option<u64>,
+    warmup_blocks: u64,
+}
+
+impl BenchmarkRunner {
+    /// Create a new `BenchmarkRunner` from CLI arguments
+    pub(crate) fn new(args: &Args) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            rpc_url: args.get_rpc_url(),
+            jwt_secret: args.jwt_secret_path().to_string_lossy().to_string(),
+            wait_time: args.wait_time.clone(),
+            wait_for_persistence: args.wait_for_persistence,
+            persistence_threshold: args.persistence_threshold,
+            warmup_blocks: args.get_warmup_blocks(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Clear filesystem caches (page cache, dentries, and inodes)
+    pub(crate) async fn clear_fs_caches() -> Result<()> {
+        info!("Clearing filesystem caches...");
+
+        // First sync to ensure all pending writes are flushed
+        let sync_output =
+            Command::new("sync").output().await.wrap_err("Failed to execute sync command")?;
+
+        if !sync_output.status.success() {
+            return Err(eyre!("sync command failed"));
+        }
+
+        // Drop caches - requires sudo/root permissions
+        // 3 = drop pagecache, dentries, and inodes
+        let drop_caches_cmd = Command::new("sudo")
+            .args(["-n", "sh", "-c", "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"])
+            .output()
+            .await;
+
+        match drop_caches_cmd {
+            Ok(output) if output.status.success() => {
+                info!("Successfully cleared filesystem caches");
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            Ok(output) => {
+                let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr);
+                if stderr.contains("sudo: a password is required") {
+                    warn!("Unable to clear filesystem caches: sudo password required");
+                    warn!(
+                        "For optimal benchmarking, configure passwordless sudo for cache clearing:"
+                    );
+                    warn!("  echo '$USER ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /bin/sh -c echo\\\\ [0-9]\\\\ \\\\>\\\\ /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches' | sudo tee /etc/sudoers.d/drop_caches");
+                    Ok(())
+                } else {
+                    Err(eyre!("Failed to clear filesystem caches: {}", stderr))
+                }
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                warn!("Unable to clear filesystem caches: {}", e);
+                Ok(())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Run a warmup benchmark for cache warming
+    pub(crate) async fn run_warmup(&self, from_block: u64) -> Result<()> {
+        let to_block = from_block + self.warmup_blocks;
+        info!(
+            "Running warmup benchmark from block {} to {} ({} blocks)",
+            from_block, to_block, self.warmup_blocks
+        );
+
+        // Build the reth-bench command for warmup (no output flag)
+        let mut cmd = Command::new("reth-bench");
+        cmd.args([
+            "new-payload-fcu",
+            "--rpc-url",
+            &self.rpc_url,
+            "--jwt-secret",
+            &self.jwt_secret,
+            "--from",
+            &from_block.to_string(),
+            "--to",
+            &to_block.to_string(),
+            "--wait-time=0ms", // Warmup should avoid persistence waits.
+        ]);
+
+        cmd.env("RUST_LOG_STYLE", "never")
+            .stdout(std::process::Stdio::piped())
+            .stderr(std::process::Stdio::piped())
+            .kill_on_drop(true);
+
+        // Set process group for consistent signal handling
+        #[cfg(unix)]
+        {
+            cmd.process_group(0);
+        }
+
+        debug!("Executing warmup reth-bench command: {:?}", cmd);
+
+        // Execute the warmup benchmark
+        let mut child = cmd.spawn().wrap_err("Failed to start warmup reth-bench process")?;
+
+        // Stream output at debug level
+        if let Some(stdout) = child.stdout.take() {
+            tokio::spawn(async move {
+                let reader = BufReader::new(stdout);
+                let mut lines = reader.lines();
+                while let Ok(Some(line)) = lines.next_line().await {
+                    debug!("[WARMUP] {}", line);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        if let Some(stderr) = child.stderr.take() {
+            tokio::spawn(async move {
+                let reader = BufReader::new(stderr);
+                let mut lines = reader.lines();
+                while let Ok(Some(line)) = lines.next_line().await {
+                    debug!("[WARMUP] {}", line);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        let status = child.wait().await.wrap_err("Failed to wait for warmup reth-bench")?;
+
+        if !status.success() {
+            return Err(eyre!("Warmup reth-bench failed with exit code: {:?}", status.code()));
+        }
+
+        info!("Warmup completed successfully");
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Run a benchmark for the specified block range
+    pub(crate) async fn run_benchmark(
+        &self,
+        from_block: u64,
+        to_block: u64,
+        output_dir: &Path,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        info!(
+            "Running benchmark from block {} to {} (output: {:?})",
+            from_block, to_block, output_dir
+        );
+
+        // Ensure output directory exists
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(output_dir)
+            .wrap_err_with(|| format!("Failed to create output directory: {output_dir:?}"))?;
+
+        // Create log file path for reth-bench output
+        let log_file_path = output_dir.join("reth_bench.log");
+        info!("reth-bench logs will be saved to: {:?}", log_file_path);
+
+        // Build the reth-bench command
+        let mut cmd = Command::new("reth-bench");
+        cmd.args([
+            "new-payload-fcu",
+            "--rpc-url",
+            &self.rpc_url,
+            "--jwt-secret",
+            &self.jwt_secret,
+            "--from",
+            &from_block.to_string(),
+            "--to",
+            &to_block.to_string(),
+            "--output",
+            &output_dir.to_string_lossy(),
+        ]);
+
+        // Configure wait mode: both can be used together
+        // When both are set: wait at least wait_time, and also wait for persistence if needed
+        if let Some(ref wait_time) = self.wait_time {
+            cmd.args(["--wait-time", wait_time]);
+        }
+        if self.wait_for_persistence {
+            cmd.arg("--wait-for-persistence");
+
+            // Add persistence threshold if specified
+            if let Some(threshold) = self.persistence_threshold {
+                cmd.args(["--persistence-threshold", &threshold.to_string()]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        cmd.env("RUST_LOG_STYLE", "never")
+            .stdout(std::process::Stdio::piped())
+            .stderr(std::process::Stdio::piped())
+            .kill_on_drop(true);
+
+        // Set process group for consistent signal handling
+        #[cfg(unix)]
+        {
+            cmd.process_group(0);
+        }
+
+        // Debug log the command
+        debug!("Executing reth-bench command: {:?}", cmd);
+
+        // Execute the benchmark
+        let mut child = cmd.spawn().wrap_err("Failed to start reth-bench process")?;
+
+        // Capture stdout and stderr for error reporting
+        let stdout_lines = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+        let stderr_lines = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+
+        // Stream stdout with prefix at debug level, capture for error reporting, and write to log
+        // file
+        if let Some(stdout) = child.stdout.take() {
+            let stdout_lines_clone = stdout_lines.clone();
+            let log_file = AsyncFile::create(&log_file_path)
+                .await
+                .wrap_err(format!("Failed to create log file: {:?}", log_file_path))?;
+            tokio::spawn(async move {
+                let reader = BufReader::new(stdout);
+                let mut lines = reader.lines();
+                let mut log_file = log_file;
+                while let Ok(Some(line)) = lines.next_line().await {
+                    debug!("[RETH-BENCH] {}", line);
+                    if let Ok(mut captured) = stdout_lines_clone.lock() {
+                        captured.push(line.clone());
+                    }
+                    // Write to log file (reth-bench output already has timestamps if needed)
+                    let log_line = format!("{}\n", line);
+                    if let Err(e) = log_file.write_all(log_line.as_bytes()).await {
+                        debug!("Failed to write to log file: {}", e);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        // Stream stderr with prefix at debug level, capture for error reporting, and write to log
+        // file
+        if let Some(stderr) = child.stderr.take() {
+            let stderr_lines_clone = stderr_lines.clone();
+            let log_file = AsyncFile::options()
+                .create(true)
+                .append(true)
+                .open(&log_file_path)
+                .await
+                .wrap_err(format!("Failed to open log file for stderr: {:?}", log_file_path))?;
+            tokio::spawn(async move {
+                let reader = BufReader::new(stderr);
+                let mut lines = reader.lines();
+                let mut log_file = log_file;
+                while let Ok(Some(line)) = lines.next_line().await {
+                    debug!("[RETH-BENCH] {}", line);
+                    if let Ok(mut captured) = stderr_lines_clone.lock() {
+                        captured.push(line.clone());
+                    }
+                    // Write to log file (reth-bench output already has timestamps if needed)
+                    let log_line = format!("{}\n", line);
+                    if let Err(e) = log_file.write_all(log_line.as_bytes()).await {
+                        debug!("Failed to write to log file: {}", e);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        let status = child.wait().await.wrap_err("Failed to wait for reth-bench")?;
+
+        if !status.success() {
+            // Print all captured output when command fails
+            error!("reth-bench failed with exit code: {:?}", status.code());
+
+            if let Ok(stdout) = stdout_lines.lock() &&
+                !stdout.is_empty()
+            {
+                error!("reth-bench stdout:");
+                for line in stdout.iter() {
+                    error!("  {}", line);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if let Ok(stderr) = stderr_lines.lock() &&
+                !stderr.is_empty()
+            {
+                error!("reth-bench stderr:");
+                for line in stderr.iter() {
+                    error!("  {}", line);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return Err(eyre!("reth-bench failed with exit code: {:?}", status.code()));
+        }
+
+        info!("Benchmark completed");
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

bin/reth-bench-compare/src/comparison.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,723 @@
+//! Results comparison and report generation.
+
+use crate::cli::Args;
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use csv::Reader;
+use eyre::{eyre, Result, WrapErr};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::{
+    cmp::Ordering,
+    collections::HashMap,
+    fs,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+};
+use tracing::{info, warn};
+
+/// Manages comparison between baseline and feature reference results
+pub(crate) struct ComparisonGenerator {
+    output_dir: PathBuf,
+    timestamp: String,
+    baseline_ref_name: String,
+    feature_ref_name: String,
+    baseline_results: Option<BenchmarkResults>,
+    feature_results: Option<BenchmarkResults>,
+    baseline_command: Option<String>,
+    feature_command: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// Represents the results from a single benchmark run
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct BenchmarkResults {
+    pub ref_name: String,
+    pub combined_latency_data: Vec<CombinedLatencyRow>,
+    pub summary: BenchmarkSummary,
+    pub start_timestamp: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub end_timestamp: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+}
+
+/// Combined latency CSV row structure
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+pub(crate) struct CombinedLatencyRow {
+    pub block_number: u64,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub transaction_count: Option<u64>,
+    pub gas_used: u64,
+    pub new_payload_latency: u128,
+}
+
+/// Total gas CSV row structure
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+pub(crate) struct TotalGasRow {
+    pub block_number: u64,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub transaction_count: Option<u64>,
+    pub gas_used: u64,
+    pub time: u128,
+}
+
+/// Summary statistics for a benchmark run.
+///
+/// Latencies are derived from per-block `engine_newPayload` timings (converted from µs to ms):
+/// - `mean_new_payload_latency_ms`: arithmetic mean latency across blocks.
+/// - `median_new_payload_latency_ms`: p50 latency across blocks.
+/// - `p90_new_payload_latency_ms` / `p99_new_payload_latency_ms`: tail latencies across blocks.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+pub(crate) struct BenchmarkSummary {
+    pub total_blocks: u64,
+    pub total_gas_used: u64,
+    pub total_duration_ms: u128,
+    pub mean_new_payload_latency_ms: f64,
+    pub median_new_payload_latency_ms: f64,
+    pub p90_new_payload_latency_ms: f64,
+    pub p99_new_payload_latency_ms: f64,
+    pub gas_per_second: f64,
+    pub blocks_per_second: f64,
+    pub min_block_number: u64,
+    pub max_block_number: u64,
+}
+
+/// Comparison report between two benchmark runs
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub(crate) struct ComparisonReport {
+    pub timestamp: String,
+    pub baseline: RefInfo,
+    pub feature: RefInfo,
+    pub comparison_summary: ComparisonSummary,
+    pub per_block_comparisons: Vec<BlockComparison>,
+}
+
+/// Information about a reference in the comparison
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub(crate) struct RefInfo {
+    pub ref_name: String,
+    pub summary: BenchmarkSummary,
+    pub start_timestamp: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub end_timestamp: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub reth_command: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// Summary of the comparison between references.
+///
+/// Percent deltas are `(feature - baseline) / baseline * 100`:
+/// - `new_payload_latency_mean_change_percent`: percent changes of the per-block means.
+/// - `new_payload_latency_p50_change_percent` / p90 / p99: percent changes of the respective
+///   per-block percentiles.
+/// - `per_block_latency_change_mean_percent` / `per_block_latency_change_median_percent` are the
+///   mean and median of per-block percent deltas (feature vs baseline), capturing block-level
+///   drift.
+/// - `per_block_latency_change_std_dev_percent`: standard deviation of per-block percent changes,
+///   measuring consistency of performance changes across blocks.
+/// - `new_payload_total_latency_change_percent` is the percent change of the total newPayload time
+///   across the run.
+///
+/// Positive means slower/higher; negative means faster/lower.
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub(crate) struct ComparisonSummary {
+    pub per_block_latency_change_mean_percent: f64,
+    pub per_block_latency_change_median_percent: f64,
+    pub per_block_latency_change_std_dev_percent: f64,
+    pub new_payload_total_latency_change_percent: f64,
+    pub new_payload_latency_mean_change_percent: f64,
+    pub new_payload_latency_p50_change_percent: f64,
+    pub new_payload_latency_p90_change_percent: f64,
+    pub new_payload_latency_p99_change_percent: f64,
+    pub gas_per_second_change_percent: f64,
+    pub blocks_per_second_change_percent: f64,
+}
+
+/// Per-block comparison data
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub(crate) struct BlockComparison {
+    pub block_number: u64,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub transaction_count: Option<u64>,
+    pub gas_used: u64,
+    pub baseline_new_payload_latency: u128,
+    pub feature_new_payload_latency: u128,
+    pub new_payload_latency_change_percent: f64,
+}
+
+impl ComparisonGenerator {
+    /// Create a new comparison generator
+    pub(crate) fn new(args: &Args) -> Self {
+        let now: DateTime<Utc> = Utc::now();
+        let timestamp = now.format("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S").to_string();
+
+        Self {
+            output_dir: args.output_dir_path(),
+            timestamp,
+            baseline_ref_name: args.baseline_ref.clone(),
+            feature_ref_name: args.feature_ref.clone(),
+            baseline_results: None,
+            feature_results: None,
+            baseline_command: None,
+            feature_command: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get the output directory for a specific reference
+    pub(crate) fn get_ref_output_dir(&self, ref_type: &str) -> PathBuf {
+        self.output_dir.join("results").join(&self.timestamp).join(ref_type)
+    }
+
+    /// Get the main output directory for this comparison run
+    pub(crate) fn get_output_dir(&self) -> PathBuf {
+        self.output_dir.join("results").join(&self.timestamp)
+    }
+
+    /// Add benchmark results for a reference
+    pub(crate) fn add_ref_results(&mut self, ref_type: &str, output_path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+        let ref_name = match ref_type {
+            "baseline" => &self.baseline_ref_name,
+            "feature" => &self.feature_ref_name,
+            _ => return Err(eyre!("Unknown reference type: {}", ref_type)),
+        };
+
+        let results = self.load_benchmark_results(ref_name, output_path)?;
+
+        match ref_type {
+            "baseline" => self.baseline_results = Some(results),
+            "feature" => self.feature_results = Some(results),
+            _ => return Err(eyre!("Unknown reference type: {}", ref_type)),
+        }
+
+        info!("Loaded benchmark results for {} reference", ref_type);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Set the benchmark run timestamps for a reference
+    pub(crate) fn set_ref_timestamps(
+        &mut self,
+        ref_type: &str,
+        start: DateTime<Utc>,
+        end: DateTime<Utc>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        match ref_type {
+            "baseline" => {
+                if let Some(ref mut results) = self.baseline_results {
+                    results.start_timestamp = Some(start);
+                    results.end_timestamp = Some(end);
+                } else {
+                    return Err(eyre!("Baseline results not loaded yet"));
+                }
+            }
+            "feature" => {
+                if let Some(ref mut results) = self.feature_results {
+                    results.start_timestamp = Some(start);
+                    results.end_timestamp = Some(end);
+                } else {
+                    return Err(eyre!("Feature results not loaded yet"));
+                }
+            }
+            _ => return Err(eyre!("Unknown reference type: {}", ref_type)),
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Set the reth command for a reference
+    pub(crate) fn set_ref_command(&mut self, ref_type: &str, command: String) -> Result<()> {
+        match ref_type {
+            "baseline" => {
+                self.baseline_command = Some(command);
+            }
+            "feature" => {
+                self.feature_command = Some(command);
+            }
+            _ => return Err(eyre!("Unknown reference type: {}", ref_type)),
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Generate the final comparison report
+    pub(crate) async fn generate_comparison_report(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        info!("Generating comparison report...");
+
+        let baseline =
+            self.baseline_results.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| eyre!("Baseline results not loaded"))?;
+
+        let feature =
+            self.feature_results.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| eyre!("Feature results not loaded"))?;
+
+        let per_block_comparisons = self.calculate_per_block_comparisons(baseline, feature)?;
+        let comparison_summary = self.calculate_comparison_summary(
+            &baseline.summary,
+            &feature.summary,
+            &per_block_comparisons,
+        )?;
+
+        let report = ComparisonReport {
+            timestamp: self.timestamp.clone(),
+            baseline: RefInfo {
+                ref_name: baseline.ref_name.clone(),
+                summary: baseline.summary.clone(),
+                start_timestamp: baseline.start_timestamp,
+                end_timestamp: baseline.end_timestamp,
+                reth_command: self.baseline_command.clone(),
+            },
+            feature: RefInfo {
+                ref_name: feature.ref_name.clone(),
+                summary: feature.summary.clone(),
+                start_timestamp: feature.start_timestamp,
+                end_timestamp: feature.end_timestamp,
+                reth_command: self.feature_command.clone(),
+            },
+            comparison_summary,
+            per_block_comparisons,
+        };
+
+        // Write reports
+        self.write_comparison_reports(&report).await?;
+
+        // Print summary to console
+        self.print_comparison_summary(&report);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Load benchmark results from CSV files
+    fn load_benchmark_results(
+        &self,
+        ref_name: &str,
+        output_path: &Path,
+    ) -> Result<BenchmarkResults> {
+        let combined_latency_path = output_path.join("combined_latency.csv");
+        let total_gas_path = output_path.join("total_gas.csv");
+
+        let combined_latency_data = self.load_combined_latency_csv(&combined_latency_path)?;
+        let total_gas_data = self.load_total_gas_csv(&total_gas_path)?;
+
+        let summary = self.calculate_summary(&combined_latency_data, &total_gas_data)?;
+
+        Ok(BenchmarkResults {
+            ref_name: ref_name.to_string(),
+            combined_latency_data,
+            summary,
+            start_timestamp: None,
+            end_timestamp: None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Load combined latency CSV data
+    fn load_combined_latency_csv(&self, path: &Path) -> Result<Vec<CombinedLatencyRow>> {
+        let mut reader = Reader::from_path(path)
+            .wrap_err_with(|| format!("Failed to open combined latency CSV: {path:?}"))?;
+
+        let mut rows = Vec::new();
+        for result in reader.deserialize() {
+            let row: CombinedLatencyRow = result
+                .wrap_err_with(|| format!("Failed to parse combined latency row in {path:?}"))?;
+            rows.push(row);
+        }
+
+        if rows.is_empty() {
+            return Err(eyre!("No data found in combined latency CSV: {:?}", path));
+        }
+
+        Ok(rows)
+    }
+
+    /// Load total gas CSV data
+    fn load_total_gas_csv(&self, path: &Path) -> Result<Vec<TotalGasRow>> {
+        let mut reader = Reader::from_path(path)
+            .wrap_err_with(|| format!("Failed to open total gas CSV: {path:?}"))?;
+
+        let mut rows = Vec::new();
+        for result in reader.deserialize() {
+            let row: TotalGasRow =
+                result.wrap_err_with(|| format!("Failed to parse total gas row in {path:?}"))?;
+            rows.push(row);
+        }
+
+        if rows.is_empty() {
+            return Err(eyre!("No data found in total gas CSV: {:?}", path));
+        }
+
+        Ok(rows)
+    }
+
+    /// Calculate summary statistics for a benchmark run.
+    ///
+    /// Computes latency statistics from per-block `new_payload_latency` values in `combined_data`
+    /// (converting from µs to ms), and throughput metrics using the total run duration from
+    /// `total_gas_data`. Percentiles (p50/p90/p99) use linear interpolation on sorted latencies.
+    fn calculate_summary(
+        &self,
+        combined_data: &[CombinedLatencyRow],
+        total_gas_data: &[TotalGasRow],
+    ) -> Result<BenchmarkSummary> {
+        if combined_data.is_empty() || total_gas_data.is_empty() {
+            return Err(eyre!("Cannot calculate summary for empty data"));
+        }
+
+        let total_blocks = combined_data.len() as u64;
+        let total_gas_used: u64 = combined_data.iter().map(|r| r.gas_used).sum();
+
+        let total_duration_ms = total_gas_data.last().unwrap().time / 1000; // Convert microseconds to milliseconds
+
+        let latencies_ms: Vec<f64> =
+            combined_data.iter().map(|r| r.new_payload_latency as f64 / 1000.0).collect();
+        let mean_new_payload_latency_ms: f64 =
+            latencies_ms.iter().sum::<f64>() / total_blocks as f64;
+
+        let mut sorted_latencies_ms = latencies_ms;
+        sorted_latencies_ms.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap_or(Ordering::Equal));
+        let median_new_payload_latency_ms = percentile(&sorted_latencies_ms, 0.5);
+        let p90_new_payload_latency_ms = percentile(&sorted_latencies_ms, 0.9);
+        let p99_new_payload_latency_ms = percentile(&sorted_latencies_ms, 0.99);
+
+        let total_duration_seconds = total_duration_ms as f64 / 1000.0;
+        let gas_per_second = if total_duration_seconds > f64::EPSILON {
+            total_gas_used as f64 / total_duration_seconds
+        } else {
+            0.0
+        };
+
+        let blocks_per_second = if total_duration_seconds > f64::EPSILON {
+            total_blocks as f64 / total_duration_seconds
+        } else {
+            0.0
+        };
+
+        let min_block_number = combined_data.first().unwrap().block_number;
+        let max_block_number = combined_data.last().unwrap().block_number;
+
+        Ok(BenchmarkSummary {
+            total_blocks,
+            total_gas_used,
+            total_duration_ms,
+            mean_new_payload_latency_ms,
+            median_new_payload_latency_ms,
+            p90_new_payload_latency_ms,
+            p99_new_payload_latency_ms,
+            gas_per_second,
+            blocks_per_second,
+            min_block_number,
+            max_block_number,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Calculate comparison summary between baseline and feature
+    fn calculate_comparison_summary(
+        &self,
+        baseline: &BenchmarkSummary,
+        feature: &BenchmarkSummary,
+        per_block_comparisons: &[BlockComparison],
+    ) -> Result<ComparisonSummary> {
+        let calc_percent_change = |baseline: f64, feature: f64| -> f64 {
+            if baseline.abs() > f64::EPSILON {
+                ((feature - baseline) / baseline) * 100.0
+            } else {
+                0.0
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Calculate per-block statistics. "Per-block" means: for each block, compute the percent
+        // change (feature - baseline) / baseline * 100, then calculate statistics across those
+        // per-block percent changes. This captures how consistently the feature performs relative
+        // to baseline across all blocks.
+        let per_block_percent_changes: Vec<f64> =
+            per_block_comparisons.iter().map(|c| c.new_payload_latency_change_percent).collect();
+        let per_block_latency_change_mean_percent = if per_block_percent_changes.is_empty() {
+            0.0
+        } else {
+            per_block_percent_changes.iter().sum::<f64>() / per_block_percent_changes.len() as f64
+        };
+        let per_block_latency_change_median_percent = if per_block_percent_changes.is_empty() {
+            0.0
+        } else {
+            let mut sorted = per_block_percent_changes.clone();
+            sorted.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap_or(Ordering::Equal));
+            percentile(&sorted, 0.5)
+        };
+        let per_block_latency_change_std_dev_percent =
+            calculate_std_dev(&per_block_percent_changes, per_block_latency_change_mean_percent);
+
+        let baseline_total_latency_ms =
+            baseline.mean_new_payload_latency_ms * baseline.total_blocks as f64;
+        let feature_total_latency_ms =
+            feature.mean_new_payload_latency_ms * feature.total_blocks as f64;
+        let new_payload_total_latency_change_percent =
+            calc_percent_change(baseline_total_latency_ms, feature_total_latency_ms);
+
+        Ok(ComparisonSummary {
+            per_block_latency_change_mean_percent,
+            per_block_latency_change_median_percent,
+            per_block_latency_change_std_dev_percent,
+            new_payload_total_latency_change_percent,
+            new_payload_latency_mean_change_percent: calc_percent_change(
+                baseline.mean_new_payload_latency_ms,
+                feature.mean_new_payload_latency_ms,
+            ),
+            new_payload_latency_p50_change_percent: calc_percent_change(
+                baseline.median_new_payload_latency_ms,
+                feature.median_new_payload_latency_ms,
+            ),
+            new_payload_latency_p90_change_percent: calc_percent_change(
+                baseline.p90_new_payload_latency_ms,
+                feature.p90_new_payload_latency_ms,
+            ),
+            new_payload_latency_p99_change_percent: calc_percent_change(
+                baseline.p99_new_payload_latency_ms,
+                feature.p99_new_payload_latency_ms,
+            ),
+            gas_per_second_change_percent: calc_percent_change(
+                baseline.gas_per_second,
+                feature.gas_per_second,
+            ),
+            blocks_per_second_change_percent: calc_percent_change(
+                baseline.blocks_per_second,
+                feature.blocks_per_second,
+            ),
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Calculate per-block comparisons
+    fn calculate_per_block_comparisons(
+        &self,
+        baseline: &BenchmarkResults,
+        feature: &BenchmarkResults,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<BlockComparison>> {
+        let mut baseline_map: HashMap<u64, &CombinedLatencyRow> = HashMap::new();
+        for row in &baseline.combined_latency_data {
+            baseline_map.insert(row.block_number, row);
+        }
+
+        let mut comparisons = Vec::new();
+        for feature_row in &feature.combined_latency_data {
+            if let Some(baseline_row) = baseline_map.get(&feature_row.block_number) {
+                let calc_percent_change = |baseline: u128, feature: u128| -> f64 {
+                    if baseline > 0 {
+                        ((feature as f64 - baseline as f64) / baseline as f64) * 100.0
+                    } else {
+                        0.0
+                    }
+                };
+
+                let comparison = BlockComparison {
+                    block_number: feature_row.block_number,
+                    transaction_count: feature_row.transaction_count,
+                    gas_used: feature_row.gas_used,
+                    baseline_new_payload_latency: baseline_row.new_payload_latency,
+                    feature_new_payload_latency: feature_row.new_payload_latency,
+                    new_payload_latency_change_percent: calc_percent_change(
+                        baseline_row.new_payload_latency,
+                        feature_row.new_payload_latency,
+                    ),
+                };
+                comparisons.push(comparison);
+            } else {
+                warn!("Block {} not found in baseline data", feature_row.block_number);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(comparisons)
+    }
+
+    /// Write comparison reports to files
+    async fn write_comparison_reports(&self, report: &ComparisonReport) -> Result<()> {
+        let report_dir = self.output_dir.join("results").join(&self.timestamp);
+        fs::create_dir_all(&report_dir)
+            .wrap_err_with(|| format!("Failed to create report directory: {report_dir:?}"))?;
+
+        // Write JSON report
+        let json_path = report_dir.join("comparison_report.json");
+        let json_content = serde_json::to_string_pretty(report)
+            .wrap_err("Failed to serialize comparison report to JSON")?;
+        fs::write(&json_path, json_content)
+            .wrap_err_with(|| format!("Failed to write JSON report: {json_path:?}"))?;
+
+        // Write CSV report for per-block comparisons
+        let csv_path = report_dir.join("per_block_comparison.csv");
+        let mut writer = csv::Writer::from_path(&csv_path)
+            .wrap_err_with(|| format!("Failed to create CSV writer: {csv_path:?}"))?;
+
+        for comparison in &report.per_block_comparisons {
+            writer.serialize(comparison).wrap_err("Failed to write comparison row to CSV")?;
+        }
+        writer.flush().wrap_err("Failed to flush CSV writer")?;
+
+        info!("Comparison reports written to: {:?}", report_dir);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Print comparison summary to console
+    fn print_comparison_summary(&self, report: &ComparisonReport) {
+        // Parse and format timestamp nicely
+        let formatted_timestamp = if let Ok(dt) = chrono::DateTime::parse_from_str(
+            &format!("{} +0000", report.timestamp.replace('_', " ")),
+            "%Y%m%d %H%M%S %z",
+        ) {
+            dt.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S UTC").to_string()
+        } else {
+            // Fallback to original if parsing fails
+            report.timestamp.clone()
+        };
+
+        println!("\n=== BENCHMARK COMPARISON SUMMARY ===");
+        println!("Timestamp: {formatted_timestamp}");
+        println!("Baseline: {}", report.baseline.ref_name);
+        println!("Feature:  {}", report.feature.ref_name);
+        println!();
+
+        let summary = &report.comparison_summary;
+
+        println!("Performance Changes:");
+        println!(
+            "  NewPayload Latency per-block mean change:   {:+.2}%",
+            summary.per_block_latency_change_mean_percent
+        );
+        println!(
+            "  NewPayload Latency per-block median change: {:+.2}%",
+            summary.per_block_latency_change_median_percent
+        );
+        println!(
+            "  NewPayload Latency per-block std dev:       {:.2}%",
+            summary.per_block_latency_change_std_dev_percent
+        );
+        println!(
+            "  Total newPayload time change:                {:+.2}%",
+            summary.new_payload_total_latency_change_percent
+        );
+        println!(
+            "  NewPayload Latency mean:           {:+.2}%",
+            summary.new_payload_latency_mean_change_percent
+        );
+        println!(
+            "  NewPayload Latency p50:           {:+.2}%",
+            summary.new_payload_latency_p50_change_percent
+        );
+        println!(
+            "  NewPayload Latency p90:           {:+.2}%",
+            summary.new_payload_latency_p90_change_percent
+        );
+        println!(
+            "  NewPayload Latency p99:           {:+.2}%",
+            summary.new_payload_latency_p99_change_percent
+        );
+        println!(
+            "  Gas/Second:                      {:+.2}%",
+            summary.gas_per_second_change_percent
+        );
+        println!(
+            "  Blocks/Second:                   {:+.2}%",
+            summary.blocks_per_second_change_percent
+        );
+        println!();
+
+        println!("Baseline Summary:");
+        let baseline = &report.baseline.summary;
+        println!(
+            "  Blocks: {} (blocks {} to {}), Gas: {}, Duration: {:.2}s",
+            baseline.total_blocks,
+            baseline.min_block_number,
+            baseline.max_block_number,
+            baseline.total_gas_used,
+            baseline.total_duration_ms as f64 / 1000.0
+        );
+        println!("  NewPayload latency (ms):");
+        println!(
+            "    mean: {:.2}, p50: {:.2}, p90: {:.2}, p99: {:.2}",
+            baseline.mean_new_payload_latency_ms,
+            baseline.median_new_payload_latency_ms,
+            baseline.p90_new_payload_latency_ms,
+            baseline.p99_new_payload_latency_ms
+        );
+        if let (Some(start), Some(end)) =
+            (&report.baseline.start_timestamp, &report.baseline.end_timestamp)
+        {
+            println!(
+                "  Started: {}, Ended: {}",
+                start.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S UTC"),
+                end.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S UTC")
+            );
+        }
+        if let Some(ref cmd) = report.baseline.reth_command {
+            println!("  Command: {}", cmd);
+        }
+        println!();
+
+        println!("Feature Summary:");
+        let feature = &report.feature.summary;
+        println!(
+            "  Blocks: {} (blocks {} to {}), Gas: {}, Duration: {:.2}s",
+            feature.total_blocks,
+            feature.min_block_number,
+            feature.max_block_number,
+            feature.total_gas_used,
+            feature.total_duration_ms as f64 / 1000.0
+        );
+        println!("  NewPayload latency (ms):");
+        println!(
+            "    mean: {:.2}, p50: {:.2}, p90: {:.2}, p99: {:.2}",
+            feature.mean_new_payload_latency_ms,
+            feature.median_new_payload_latency_ms,
+            feature.p90_new_payload_latency_ms,
+            feature.p99_new_payload_latency_ms
+        );
+        if let (Some(start), Some(end)) =
+            (&report.feature.start_timestamp, &report.feature.end_timestamp)
+        {
+            println!(
+                "  Started: {}, Ended: {}",
+                start.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S UTC"),
+                end.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S UTC")
+            );
+        }
+        if let Some(ref cmd) = report.feature.reth_command {
+            println!("  Command: {}", cmd);
+        }
+        println!();
+    }
+}
+
+/// Calculate standard deviation from a set of values and their mean.
+///
+/// Computes the population standard deviation using the formula:
+/// `sqrt(sum((x - mean)²) / n)`
+///
+/// Returns 0.0 for empty input.
+fn calculate_std_dev(values: &[f64], mean: f64) -> f64 {
+    if values.is_empty() {
+        return 0.0;
+    }
+
+    let variance = values
+        .iter()
+        .map(|x| {
+            let diff = x - mean;
+            diff * diff
+        })
+        .sum::<f64>() /
+        values.len() as f64;
+
+    variance.sqrt()
+}
+
+/// Calculate percentile using linear interpolation on a sorted slice.
+///
+/// Computes `rank = percentile × (n - 1)` where n is the array length. If the rank falls
+/// between two indices, linearly interpolates between those values. For example, with 100 values,
+/// p90 computes rank = 0.9 × 99 = 89.1, then returns `values[89] × 0.9 + values[90] × 0.1`.
+///
+/// Returns 0.0 for empty input.
+fn percentile(sorted_values: &[f64], percentile: f64) -> f64 {
+    if sorted_values.is_empty() {
+        return 0.0;
+    }
+
+    let clamped = percentile.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
+    let max_index = sorted_values.len() - 1;
+    let rank = clamped * max_index as f64;
+    let lower = rank.floor() as usize;
+    let upper = rank.ceil() as usize;
+
+    if lower == upper {
+        sorted_values[lower]
+    } else {
+        let weight = rank - lower as f64;
+        sorted_values[lower].mul_add(1.0 - weight, sorted_values[upper] * weight)
+    }
+}

bin/reth-bench-compare/src/compilation.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+//! Compilation operations for reth and reth-bench.
+
+use crate::git::GitManager;
+use eyre::{eyre, Result, WrapErr};
+use std::{fs, path::PathBuf, process::Command};
+use tracing::{debug, error, info, warn};
+
+/// Manages compilation operations for reth components
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct CompilationManager {
+    repo_root: String,
+    output_dir: PathBuf,
+    git_manager: GitManager,
+}
+
+impl CompilationManager {
+    /// Create a new `CompilationManager`
+    pub(crate) const fn new(
+        repo_root: String,
+        output_dir: PathBuf,
+        git_manager: GitManager,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self { repo_root, output_dir, git_manager })
+    }
+
+    /// Get the path to the cached binary using explicit commit hash
+    pub(crate) fn get_cached_binary_path_for_commit(&self, commit: &str) -> PathBuf {
+        let identifier = &commit[..8]; // Use first 8 chars of commit
+        self.output_dir.join("bin").join(format!("reth_{identifier}"))
+    }
+
+    /// Compile reth using cargo build and cache the binary
+    pub(crate) fn compile_reth(&self, commit: &str, features: &str, rustflags: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        // Validate that current git commit matches the expected commit
+        let current_commit = self.git_manager.get_current_commit()?;
+        if current_commit != commit {
+            return Err(eyre!(
+                "Git commit mismatch! Expected: {}, but currently at: {}",
+                &commit[..8],
+                &current_commit[..8]
+            ));
+        }
+
+        let cached_path = self.get_cached_binary_path_for_commit(commit);
+
+        // Check if cached binary already exists (since path contains commit hash, it's valid)
+        if cached_path.exists() {
+            info!("Using cached binary (commit: {})", &commit[..8]);
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        info!("No cached binary found, compiling (commit: {})...", &commit[..8]);
+
+        let binary_name = "reth";
+
+        info!(
+            "Compiling {} with profiling configuration (commit: {})...",
+            binary_name,
+            &commit[..8]
+        );
+
+        let mut cmd = Command::new("cargo");
+        cmd.arg("build").arg("--profile").arg("profiling");
+
+        cmd.arg("--features").arg(features);
+        info!("Using features: {features}");
+
+        cmd.current_dir(&self.repo_root);
+
+        // Set RUSTFLAGS
+        cmd.env("RUSTFLAGS", rustflags);
+        info!("Using RUSTFLAGS: {rustflags}");
+
+        info!("Compiling {binary_name} with {cmd:?}");
+
+        let output = cmd.output().wrap_err("Failed to execute cargo build command")?;
+
+        // Print stdout and stderr with prefixes at debug level
+        let stdout = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout);
+        let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr);
+
+        for line in stdout.lines() {
+            if !line.trim().is_empty() {
+                debug!("[CARGO] {}", line);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for line in stderr.lines() {
+            if !line.trim().is_empty() {
+                debug!("[CARGO] {}", line);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if !output.status.success() {
+            // Print all output when compilation fails
+            error!("Cargo build failed with exit code: {:?}", output.status.code());
+
+            if !stdout.trim().is_empty() {
+                error!("Cargo stdout:");
+                for line in stdout.lines() {
+                    error!("  {}", line);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if !stderr.trim().is_empty() {
+                error!("Cargo stderr:");
+                for line in stderr.lines() {
+                    error!("  {}", line);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return Err(eyre!("Compilation failed with exit code: {:?}", output.status.code()));
+        }
+
+        info!("{} compilation completed", binary_name);
+
+        // Copy the compiled binary to cache
+        let source_path =
+            PathBuf::from(&self.repo_root).join(format!("target/profiling/{}", binary_name));
+        if !source_path.exists() {
+            return Err(eyre!("Compiled binary not found at {:?}", source_path));
+        }
+
+        // Create bin directory if it doesn't exist
+        let bin_dir = self.output_dir.join("bin");
+        fs::create_dir_all(&bin_dir).wrap_err("Failed to create bin directory")?;
+
+        // Copy binary to cache
+        fs::copy(&source_path, &cached_path).wrap_err("Failed to copy binary to cache")?;
+
+        // Make the cached binary executable
+        #[cfg(unix)]
+        {
+            use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+            let mut perms = fs::metadata(&cached_path)?.permissions();
+            perms.set_mode(0o755);
+            fs::set_permissions(&cached_path, perms)?;
+        }
+
+        info!("Cached compiled binary at: {:?}", cached_path);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Check if reth-bench is available in PATH
+    pub(crate) fn is_reth_bench_available(&self) -> bool {
+        match Command::new("which").arg("reth-bench").output() {
+            Ok(output) => {
+                if output.status.success() {
+                    let path = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout);
+                    info!("Found reth-bench: {}", path.trim());
+                    true
+                } else {
+                    false
+                }
+            }
+            Err(_) => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Check if samply is available in PATH
+    pub(crate) fn is_samply_available(&self) -> bool {
+        match Command::new("which").arg("samply").output() {
+            Ok(output) => {
+                if output.status.success() {
+                    let path = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout);
+                    info!("Found samply: {}", path.trim());
+                    true
+                } else {
+                    false
+                }
+            }
+            Err(_) => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Install samply using cargo
+    pub(crate) fn install_samply(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        info!("Installing samply via cargo...");
+
+        let mut cmd = Command::new("cargo");
+        cmd.args(["install", "--locked", "samply"]);
+
+        info!("Installing samply with {cmd:?}");
+
+        let output = cmd.output().wrap_err("Failed to execute cargo install samply command")?;
+
+        // Print stdout and stderr with prefixes at debug level
+        let stdout = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout);
+        let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr);
+
+        for line in stdout.lines() {
+            if !line.trim().is_empty() {
+                debug!("[CARGO-SAMPLY] {}", line);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for line in stderr.lines() {
+            if !line.trim().is_empty() {
+                debug!("[CARGO-SAMPLY] {}", line);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if !output.status.success() {
+            // Print all output when installation fails
+            error!("Cargo install samply failed with exit code: {:?}", output.status.code());
+
+            if !stdout.trim().is_empty() {
+                error!("Cargo stdout:");
+                for line in stdout.lines() {
+                    error!("  {}", line);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if !stderr.trim().is_empty() {
+                error!("Cargo stderr:");
+                for line in stderr.lines() {
+                    error!("  {}", line);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return Err(eyre!(
+                "samply installation failed with exit code: {:?}",
+                output.status.code()
+            ));
+        }
+
+        info!("Samply installation completed");
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Ensure samply is available, installing if necessary
+    pub(crate) fn ensure_samply_available(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.is_samply_available() {
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            warn!("samply not found in PATH, installing...");
+            self.install_samply()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Ensure reth-bench is available, compiling if necessary
+    pub(crate) fn ensure_reth_bench_available(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.is_reth_bench_available() {
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            warn!("reth-bench not found in PATH, compiling and installing...");
+            self.compile_reth_bench()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Compile and install reth-bench using `make install-reth-bench`
+    pub(crate) fn compile_reth_bench(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        info!("Compiling and installing reth-bench...");
+
+        let mut cmd = Command::new("make");
+        cmd.arg("install-reth-bench").current_dir(&self.repo_root);
+
+        info!("Compiling reth-bench with {cmd:?}");
+
+        let output = cmd.output().wrap_err("Failed to execute make install-reth-bench command")?;
+
+        // Print stdout and stderr with prefixes at debug level
+        let stdout = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout);
+        let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr);
+
+        for line in stdout.lines() {
+            if !line.trim().is_empty() {
+                debug!("[MAKE-BENCH] {}", line);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for line in stderr.lines() {
+            if !line.trim().is_empty() {
+                debug!("[MAKE-BENCH] {}", line);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if !output.status.success() {
+            // Print all output when compilation fails
+            error!("Make install-reth-bench failed with exit code: {:?}", output.status.code());
+
+            if !stdout.trim().is_empty() {
+                error!("Make stdout:");
+                for line in stdout.lines() {
+                    error!("  {}", line);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if !stderr.trim().is_empty() {
+                error!("Make stderr:");
+                for line in stderr.lines() {
+                    error!("  {}", line);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return Err(eyre!(
+                "reth-bench compilation failed with exit code: {:?}",
+                output.status.code()
+            ));
+        }
+
+        info!("Reth-bench compilation completed");
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

bin/reth-bench-compare/src/git.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+//! Git operations for branch management.
+
+use eyre::{eyre, Result, WrapErr};
+use std::process::Command;
+use tracing::{info, warn};
+
+/// Manages git operations for branch switching
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct GitManager {
+    repo_root: String,
+}
+
+impl GitManager {
+    /// Create a new `GitManager`, detecting the repository root
+    pub(crate) fn new() -> Result<Self> {
+        let output = Command::new("git")
+            .args(["rev-parse", "--show-toplevel"])
+            .output()
+            .wrap_err("Failed to execute git command - is git installed?")?;
+
+        if !output.status.success() {
+            return Err(eyre!("Not in a git repository or git command failed"));
+        }
+
+        let repo_root = String::from_utf8(output.stdout)
+            .wrap_err("Git output is not valid UTF-8")?
+            .trim()
+            .to_string();
+
+        let manager = Self { repo_root };
+        info!(
+            "Detected git repository at: {}, current reference: {}",
+            manager.repo_root(),
+            manager.get_current_ref()?
+        );
+
+        Ok(manager)
+    }
+
+    /// Get the current git branch name
+    pub(crate) fn get_current_branch(&self) -> Result<String> {
+        let output = Command::new("git")
+            .args(["branch", "--show-current"])
+            .current_dir(&self.repo_root)
+            .output()
+            .wrap_err("Failed to get current branch")?;
+
+        if !output.status.success() {
+            return Err(eyre!("Failed to determine current branch"));
+        }
+
+        let branch = String::from_utf8(output.stdout)
+            .wrap_err("Branch name is not valid UTF-8")?
+            .trim()
+            .to_string();
+
+        if branch.is_empty() {
+            return Err(eyre!("Not on a named branch (detached HEAD?)"));
+        }
+
+        Ok(branch)
+    }
+
+    /// Get the current git reference (branch name, tag, or commit hash)
+    pub(crate) fn get_current_ref(&self) -> Result<String> {
+        // First try to get branch name
+        if let Ok(branch) = self.get_current_branch() {
+            return Ok(branch);
+        }
+
+        // If not on a branch, check if we're on a tag
+        let tag_output = Command::new("git")
+            .args(["describe", "--exact-match", "--tags", "HEAD"])
+            .current_dir(&self.repo_root)
+            .output()
+            .wrap_err("Failed to check for tag")?;
+
+        if tag_output.status.success() {
+            let tag = String::from_utf8(tag_output.stdout)
+                .wrap_err("Tag name is not valid UTF-8")?
+                .trim()
+                .to_string();
+            return Ok(tag);
+        }
+
+        // If not on a branch or tag, return the commit hash
+        let commit_output = Command::new("git")
+            .args(["rev-parse", "HEAD"])
+            .current_dir(&self.repo_root)
+            .output()
+            .wrap_err("Failed to get current commit")?;
+
+        if !commit_output.status.success() {
+            return Err(eyre!("Failed to get current commit hash"));
+        }
+
+        let commit_hash = String::from_utf8(commit_output.stdout)
+            .wrap_err("Commit hash is not valid UTF-8")?
+            .trim()
+            .to_string();
+
+        Ok(commit_hash)
+    }
+
+    /// Check if the git working directory has uncommitted changes to tracked files
+    pub(crate) fn validate_clean_state(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        let output = Command::new("git")
+            .args(["status", "--porcelain"])
+            .current_dir(&self.repo_root)
+            .output()
+            .wrap_err("Failed to check git status")?;
+
+        if !output.status.success() {
+            return Err(eyre!("Git status command failed"));
+        }
+
+        let status_output =
+            String::from_utf8(output.stdout).wrap_err("Git status output is not valid UTF-8")?;
+
+        // Check for uncommitted changes to tracked files
+        // Status codes: M = modified, A = added, D = deleted, R = renamed, C = copied, U = updated
+        // ?? = untracked files (we want to ignore these)
+        let has_uncommitted_changes = status_output.lines().any(|line| {
+            if line.len() >= 2 {
+                let status = &line[0..2];
+                // Ignore untracked files (??) and ignored files (!!)
+                !matches!(status, "??" | "!!")
+            } else {
+                false
+            }
+        });
+
+        if has_uncommitted_changes {
+            warn!("Git working directory has uncommitted changes to tracked files:");
+            for line in status_output.lines() {
+                if line.len() >= 2 && !matches!(&line[0..2], "??" | "!!") {
+                    warn!("  {}", line);
+                }
+            }
+            return Err(eyre!(
+                "Git working directory has uncommitted changes to tracked files. Please commit or stash changes before running benchmark comparison."
+            ));
+        }
+
+        // Check if there are untracked files and log them as info
+        let untracked_files: Vec<&str> =
+            status_output.lines().filter(|line| line.starts_with("??")).collect();
+
+        if !untracked_files.is_empty() {
+            info!(
+                "Git working directory has {} untracked files (this is OK)",
+                untracked_files.len()
+            );
+        }
+
+        info!("Git working directory is clean (no uncommitted changes to tracked files)");
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Fetch all refs from remote to ensure we have latest branches and tags
+    pub(crate) fn fetch_all(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        let output = Command::new("git")
+            .args(["fetch", "--all", "--tags", "--quiet", "--force"])
+            .current_dir(&self.repo_root)
+            .output()
+            .wrap_err("Failed to fetch latest refs")?;
+
+        if output.status.success() {
+            info!("Fetched latest refs");
+        } else {
+            let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr);
+            // Only warn if there's actual error content, not just fetch progress
+            if !stderr.trim().is_empty() && !stderr.contains("-> origin/") {
+                warn!("Git fetch encountered issues (continuing anyway): {}", stderr);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Validate that the specified git references exist (branches, tags, or commits)
+    pub(crate) fn validate_refs(&self, refs: &[&str]) -> Result<()> {
+        for &git_ref in refs {
+            // Try to resolve the ref similar to `git checkout` by peeling to a commit.
+            // First try the ref as-is with ^{commit}, then fall back to origin/{ref}^{commit}.
+            let as_is = format!("{git_ref}^{{commit}}");
+            let ref_check = Command::new("git")
+                .args(["rev-parse", "--verify", &as_is])
+                .current_dir(&self.repo_root)
+                .output();
+
+            let found = if let Ok(output) = ref_check &&
+                output.status.success()
+            {
+                info!("Validated reference exists: {}", git_ref);
+                true
+            } else {
+                // Try remote-only branches via origin/{ref}
+                let origin_ref = format!("origin/{git_ref}^{{commit}}");
+                let origin_check = Command::new("git")
+                    .args(["rev-parse", "--verify", &origin_ref])
+                    .current_dir(&self.repo_root)
+                    .output();
+
+                if let Ok(output) = origin_check &&
+                    output.status.success()
+                {
+                    info!("Validated remote reference exists: origin/{}", git_ref);
+                    true
+                } else {
+                    false
+                }
+            };
+
+            if !found {
+                return Err(eyre!(
+                    "Git reference '{}' does not exist as branch, tag, or commit (tried '{}' and 'origin/{}^{{commit}}')",
+                    git_ref,
+                    format!("{git_ref}^{{commit}}"),
+                    git_ref,
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Switch to the specified git reference (branch, tag, or commit)
+    pub(crate) fn switch_ref(&self, git_ref: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        // First checkout the reference
+        let output = Command::new("git")
+            .args(["checkout", git_ref])
+            .current_dir(&self.repo_root)
+            .output()
+            .wrap_err_with(|| format!("Failed to switch to reference '{git_ref}'"))?;
+
+        if !output.status.success() {
+            let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr);
+            return Err(eyre!("Failed to switch to reference '{}': {}", git_ref, stderr));
+        }
+
+        // Check if this is a branch that tracks a remote and pull latest changes
+        let is_branch = Command::new("git")
+            .args(["show-ref", "--verify", "--quiet", &format!("refs/heads/{git_ref}")])
+            .current_dir(&self.repo_root)
+            .status()
+            .map(|s| s.success())
+            .unwrap_or(false);
+
+        if is_branch {
+            // Check if the branch tracks a remote
+            let tracking_output = Command::new("git")
+                .args([
+                    "rev-parse",
+                    "--abbrev-ref",
+                    "--symbolic-full-name",
+                    &format!("{git_ref}@{{upstream}}"),
+                ])
+                .current_dir(&self.repo_root)
+                .output();
+
+            if let Ok(output) = tracking_output &&
+                output.status.success()
+            {
+                let upstream = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).trim().to_string();
+                if !upstream.is_empty() && upstream != format!("{git_ref}@{{upstream}}") {
+                    // Branch tracks a remote, pull latest changes
+                    info!("Pulling latest changes for branch: {}", git_ref);
+
+                    let pull_output = Command::new("git")
+                        .args(["pull", "--ff-only"])
+                        .current_dir(&self.repo_root)
+                        .output()
+                        .wrap_err_with(|| {
+                            format!("Failed to pull latest changes for branch '{git_ref}'")
+                        })?;
+
+                    if pull_output.status.success() {
+                        info!("Successfully pulled latest changes for branch: {}", git_ref);
+                    } else {
+                        let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&pull_output.stderr);
+                        warn!("Failed to pull latest changes for branch '{}': {}", git_ref, stderr);
+                        // Continue anyway, we'll use whatever version we have
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Verify the checkout succeeded by checking the current commit
+        let current_commit_output = Command::new("git")
+            .args(["rev-parse", "HEAD"])
+            .current_dir(&self.repo_root)
+            .output()
+            .wrap_err("Failed to get current commit")?;
+
+        if !current_commit_output.status.success() {
+            return Err(eyre!("Failed to verify git checkout"));
+        }
+
+        info!("Switched to reference: {}", git_ref);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Get the current commit hash
+    pub(crate) fn get_current_commit(&self) -> Result<String> {
+        let output = Command::new("git")
+            .args(["rev-parse", "HEAD"])
+            .current_dir(&self.repo_root)
+            .output()
+            .wrap_err("Failed to get current commit")?;
+
+        if !output.status.success() {
+            return Err(eyre!("Failed to get current commit hash"));
+        }
+
+        let commit_hash = String::from_utf8(output.stdout)
+            .wrap_err("Commit hash is not valid UTF-8")?
+            .trim()
+            .to_string();
+
+        Ok(commit_hash)
+    }
+
+    /// Get the repository root path
+    pub(crate) fn repo_root(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.repo_root
+    }
+}

bin/reth-bench-compare/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+//! # reth-bench-compare
+//!
+//! Automated tool for comparing reth performance between two git branches.
+//! This tool automates the complete workflow of compiling, running, and benchmarking
+//! reth on different branches to provide meaningful performance comparisons.
+
+#![doc(
+    html_logo_url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/paradigmxyz/reth/main/assets/reth-docs.png",
+    html_favicon_url = "https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/97369466?s=256",
+    issue_tracker_base_url = "https://github.com/paradigmxyz/reth/issues/"
+)]
+#![cfg_attr(not(test), warn(unused_crate_dependencies))]
+
+#[global_allocator]
+static ALLOC: reth_cli_util::allocator::Allocator = reth_cli_util::allocator::new_allocator();
+
+use alloy_primitives as _;
+
+mod benchmark;
+mod cli;
+mod comparison;
+mod compilation;
+mod git;
+mod node;
+
+use clap::Parser;
+use cli::{run_comparison, Args};
+use eyre::Result;
+use reth_cli_runner::CliRunner;
+
+fn main() -> Result<()> {
+    // Enable backtraces unless a RUST_BACKTRACE value has already been explicitly provided.
+    if std::env::var_os("RUST_BACKTRACE").is_none() {
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::set_var("RUST_BACKTRACE", "1");
+        }
+    }
+
+    let args = Args::parse();
+
+    // Initialize tracing
+    let _guard = args.init_tracing()?;
+
+    // Run until either exit or sigint or sigterm
+    let runner = CliRunner::try_default_runtime()?;
+    runner.run_command_until_exit(|ctx| run_comparison(args, ctx))
+}

bin/reth-bench-compare/src/node.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,695 @@
+//! Node management for starting, stopping, and controlling reth instances.
+
+use crate::cli::Args;
+use alloy_provider::{Provider, ProviderBuilder};
+use alloy_rpc_client::RpcClient;
+use alloy_rpc_types_eth::SyncStatus;
+use alloy_transport_ws::WsConnect;
+use eyre::{eyre, OptionExt, Result, WrapErr};
+#[cfg(unix)]
+use nix::sys::signal::{killpg, Signal};
+#[cfg(unix)]
+use nix::unistd::Pid;
+use reth_chainspec::Chain;
+use std::{fs, path::PathBuf, time::Duration};
+use tokio::{
+    fs::File as AsyncFile,
+    io::{AsyncBufReadExt, AsyncWriteExt, BufReader as AsyncBufReader},
+    process::Command,
+    time::{sleep, timeout},
+};
+use tracing::{debug, info, warn};
+
+/// Default websocket RPC port used by reth
+const DEFAULT_WS_RPC_PORT: u16 = 8546;
+
+/// Manages reth node lifecycle and operations
+pub(crate) struct NodeManager {
+    datadir: Option<String>,
+    metrics_port: u16,
+    chain: Chain,
+    use_sudo: bool,
+    binary_path: Option<std::path::PathBuf>,
+    enable_profiling: bool,
+    output_dir: PathBuf,
+    additional_reth_args: Vec<String>,
+    comparison_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
+    tracing_endpoint: Option<String>,
+    otlp_max_queue_size: usize,
+}
+
+impl NodeManager {
+    /// Create a new `NodeManager` with configuration from CLI args
+    pub(crate) fn new(args: &Args) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            datadir: Some(args.datadir_path().to_string_lossy().to_string()),
+            metrics_port: args.metrics_port,
+            chain: args.chain,
+            use_sudo: args.sudo,
+            binary_path: None,
+            enable_profiling: args.profile,
+            output_dir: args.output_dir_path(),
+            // Filter out empty strings to prevent invalid arguments being passed to reth node
+            additional_reth_args: args
+                .reth_args
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
+                .cloned()
+                .collect(),
+            comparison_dir: None,
+            tracing_endpoint: args.traces.otlp.as_ref().map(|u| u.to_string()),
+            otlp_max_queue_size: args.otlp_max_queue_size,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Set the comparison directory path for logging
+    pub(crate) fn set_comparison_dir(&mut self, dir: PathBuf) {
+        self.comparison_dir = Some(dir);
+    }
+
+    /// Get the log file path for a given reference type
+    fn get_log_file_path(&self, ref_type: &str) -> Result<PathBuf> {
+        let comparison_dir = self
+            .comparison_dir
+            .as_ref()
+            .ok_or_eyre("Comparison directory not set. Call set_comparison_dir first.")?;
+
+        // The comparison directory already contains the full path to results/<timestamp>
+        let log_dir = comparison_dir.join(ref_type);
+
+        // Create the directory if it doesn't exist
+        fs::create_dir_all(&log_dir)
+            .wrap_err(format!("Failed to create log directory: {:?}", log_dir))?;
+
+        let log_file = log_dir.join("reth_node.log");
+        Ok(log_file)
+    }
+
+    /// Get the perf event max sample rate from the system, capped at 10000
+    fn get_perf_sample_rate(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        let perf_rate_file = "/proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_sample_rate";
+        if let Ok(content) = fs::read_to_string(perf_rate_file) {
+            let rate_str = content.trim();
+            if !rate_str.is_empty() {
+                if let Ok(system_rate) = rate_str.parse::<u32>() {
+                    let capped_rate = std::cmp::min(system_rate, 10000);
+                    info!(
+                        "Detected perf_event_max_sample_rate: {}, using: {}",
+                        system_rate, capped_rate
+                    );
+                    return Some(capped_rate.to_string());
+                }
+                warn!("Failed to parse perf_event_max_sample_rate: {}", rate_str);
+            }
+        }
+        None
+    }
+
+    /// Get the absolute path to samply using 'which' command
+    async fn get_samply_path(&self) -> Result<String> {
+        let output = Command::new("which")
+            .arg("samply")
+            .output()
+            .await
+            .wrap_err("Failed to execute 'which samply' command")?;
+
+        if !output.status.success() {
+            return Err(eyre!("samply not found in PATH"));
+        }
+
+        let samply_path = String::from_utf8(output.stdout)
+            .wrap_err("samply path is not valid UTF-8")?
+            .trim()
+            .to_string();
+
+        if samply_path.is_empty() {
+            return Err(eyre!("which samply returned empty path"));
+        }
+
+        Ok(samply_path)
+    }
+
+    /// Build reth arguments as a vector of strings
+    fn build_reth_args(
+        &self,
+        binary_path_str: &str,
+        additional_args: &[String],
+        ref_type: &str,
+    ) -> (Vec<String>, String) {
+        let mut reth_args = vec![binary_path_str.to_string(), "node".to_string()];
+
+        // Add chain argument (skip for mainnet as it's the default)
+        let chain_str = self.chain.to_string();
+        if chain_str != "mainnet" {
+            reth_args.extend_from_slice(&["--chain".to_string(), chain_str.clone()]);
+        }
+
+        // Add datadir if specified
+        if let Some(ref datadir) = self.datadir {
+            reth_args.extend_from_slice(&["--datadir".to_string(), datadir.clone()]);
+        }
+
+        // Add reth-specific arguments
+        let metrics_arg = format!("0.0.0.0:{}", self.metrics_port);
+        reth_args.extend_from_slice(&[
+            "--engine.accept-execution-requests-hash".to_string(),
+            "--metrics".to_string(),
+            metrics_arg,
+            "--http".to_string(),
+            "--http.api".to_string(),
+            "eth,reth".to_string(),
+            "--ws".to_string(),
+            "--ws.api".to_string(),
+            "eth,reth".to_string(),
+            "--disable-discovery".to_string(),
+            "--trusted-only".to_string(),
+            "--disable-tx-gossip".to_string(),
+        ]);
+
+        // Add tracing arguments if OTLP endpoint is configured
+        if let Some(ref endpoint) = self.tracing_endpoint {
+            info!("Enabling OTLP tracing export to: {} (service: reth-{})", endpoint, ref_type);
+            // Endpoint requires equals per clap settings in reth
+            reth_args.push(format!("--tracing-otlp={}", endpoint));
+        }
+
+        // Add any additional arguments passed via command line (common to both baseline and
+        // feature)
+        reth_args.extend_from_slice(&self.additional_reth_args);
+
+        // Add reference-specific additional arguments
+        reth_args.extend_from_slice(additional_args);
+
+        (reth_args, chain_str)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a command for profiling mode
+    async fn create_profiling_command(
+        &self,
+        ref_type: &str,
+        reth_args: &[String],
+    ) -> Result<Command> {
+        // Create profiles directory if it doesn't exist
+        let profile_dir = self.output_dir.join("profiles");
+        fs::create_dir_all(&profile_dir).wrap_err("Failed to create profiles directory")?;
+
+        let profile_path = profile_dir.join(format!("{}.json.gz", ref_type));
+        info!("Starting reth node with samply profiling...");
+        info!("Profile output: {:?}", profile_path);
+
+        // Get absolute path to samply
+        let samply_path = self.get_samply_path().await?;
+
+        let mut cmd = if self.use_sudo {
+            let mut sudo_cmd = Command::new("sudo");
+            sudo_cmd.arg(&samply_path);
+            sudo_cmd
+        } else {
+            Command::new(&samply_path)
+        };
+
+        // Add samply arguments
+        cmd.args(["record", "--save-only", "-o", &profile_path.to_string_lossy()]);
+
+        // Add rate argument if available
+        if let Some(rate) = self.get_perf_sample_rate() {
+            cmd.args(["--rate", &rate]);
+        }
+
+        // Add separator and complete reth command
+        cmd.arg("--");
+        cmd.args(reth_args);
+
+        // Enable tracing-samply
+        if supports_samply_flags(&reth_args[0]) {
+            cmd.arg("--log.samply");
+        }
+
+        // Set environment variable to disable log styling
+        cmd.env("RUST_LOG_STYLE", "never");
+
+        Ok(cmd)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a command for direct reth execution
+    fn create_direct_command(&self, reth_args: &[String]) -> Command {
+        let binary_path = &reth_args[0];
+
+        let mut cmd = if self.use_sudo {
+            info!("Starting reth node with sudo...");
+            let mut sudo_cmd = Command::new("sudo");
+            sudo_cmd.args(reth_args);
+            sudo_cmd
+        } else {
+            info!("Starting reth node...");
+            let mut reth_cmd = Command::new(binary_path);
+            reth_cmd.args(&reth_args[1..]); // Skip the binary path since it's the command
+            reth_cmd
+        };
+
+        // Set environment variable to disable log styling
+        cmd.env("RUST_LOG_STYLE", "never");
+
+        cmd
+    }
+
+    /// Start a reth node using the specified binary path and return the process handle
+    /// along with the formatted reth command string for reporting.
+    pub(crate) async fn start_node(
+        &mut self,
+        binary_path: &std::path::Path,
+        _git_ref: &str,
+        ref_type: &str,
+        additional_args: &[String],
+    ) -> Result<(tokio::process::Child, String)> {
+        // Store the binary path for later use (e.g., in unwind_to_block)
+        self.binary_path = Some(binary_path.to_path_buf());
+
+        let binary_path_str = binary_path.to_string_lossy();
+        let (reth_args, _) = self.build_reth_args(&binary_path_str, additional_args, ref_type);
+
+        // Format the reth command string for reporting
+        let reth_command = shlex::try_join(reth_args.iter().map(|s| s.as_str()))
+            .wrap_err("Failed to format reth command string")?;
+
+        // Log additional arguments if any
+        if !self.additional_reth_args.is_empty() {
+            info!("Using common additional reth arguments: {:?}", self.additional_reth_args);
+        }
+        if !additional_args.is_empty() {
+            info!("Using reference-specific additional reth arguments: {:?}", additional_args);
+        }
+
+        let mut cmd = if self.enable_profiling {
+            self.create_profiling_command(ref_type, &reth_args).await?
+        } else {
+            self.create_direct_command(&reth_args)
+        };
+
+        // Set process group for better signal handling
+        #[cfg(unix)]
+        {
+            cmd.process_group(0);
+        }
+
+        // Set high queue size to prevent trace dropping during benchmarks
+        if self.tracing_endpoint.is_some() {
+            cmd.env("OTEL_BSP_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE", self.otlp_max_queue_size.to_string()); // Traces
+            cmd.env("OTEL_BLRP_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE", "10000"); // Logs
+
+            // Set service name to differentiate baseline vs feature runs in Jaeger
+            cmd.env("OTEL_SERVICE_NAME", format!("reth-{}", ref_type));
+        }
+
+        debug!("Executing reth command: {cmd:?}");
+
+        let mut child = cmd
+            .stdout(std::process::Stdio::piped())
+            .stderr(std::process::Stdio::piped())
+            .kill_on_drop(true) // Kill on drop so that on Ctrl-C for parent process we stop all child processes
+            .spawn()
+            .wrap_err("Failed to start reth node")?;
+
+        info!(
+            "Reth node started with PID: {:?} (binary: {})",
+            child.id().ok_or_eyre("Reth node is not running")?,
+            binary_path_str
+        );
+
+        // Prepare log file path
+        let log_file_path = self.get_log_file_path(ref_type)?;
+        info!("Reth node logs will be saved to: {:?}", log_file_path);
+
+        // Stream stdout and stderr with prefixes at debug level and to log file
+        if let Some(stdout) = child.stdout.take() {
+            let log_file = AsyncFile::create(&log_file_path)
+                .await
+                .wrap_err(format!("Failed to create log file: {:?}", log_file_path))?;
+            tokio::spawn(async move {
+                let reader = AsyncBufReader::new(stdout);
+                let mut lines = reader.lines();
+                let mut log_file = log_file;
+                while let Ok(Some(line)) = lines.next_line().await {
+                    debug!("[RETH] {}", line);
+                    // Write to log file (reth already includes timestamps)
+                    let log_line = format!("{}\n", line);
+                    if let Err(e) = log_file.write_all(log_line.as_bytes()).await {
+                        debug!("Failed to write to log file: {}", e);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        if let Some(stderr) = child.stderr.take() {
+            let log_file = AsyncFile::options()
+                .create(true)
+                .append(true)
+                .open(&log_file_path)
+                .await
+                .wrap_err(format!("Failed to open log file for stderr: {:?}", log_file_path))?;
+            tokio::spawn(async move {
+                let reader = AsyncBufReader::new(stderr);
+                let mut lines = reader.lines();
+                let mut log_file = log_file;
+                while let Ok(Some(line)) = lines.next_line().await {
+                    debug!("[RETH] {}", line);
+                    // Write to log file (reth already includes timestamps)
+                    let log_line = format!("{}\n", line);
+                    if let Err(e) = log_file.write_all(log_line.as_bytes()).await {
+                        debug!("Failed to write to log file: {}", e);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        // Give the node a moment to start up
+        sleep(Duration::from_secs(5)).await;
+
+        Ok((child, reth_command))
+    }
+
+    /// Wait for the node to be ready and return its current tip.
+    ///
+    /// Fails early if the node process exits before becoming ready.
+    pub(crate) async fn wait_for_node_ready_and_get_tip(
+        &self,
+        child: &mut tokio::process::Child,
+    ) -> Result<u64> {
+        info!("Waiting for node to be ready and synced...");
+
+        let max_wait = Duration::from_secs(120); // 2 minutes to allow for sync
+        let check_interval = Duration::from_secs(2);
+        let rpc_url = "http://localhost:8545";
+
+        // Create Alloy provider
+        let url = rpc_url.parse().map_err(|e| eyre!("Invalid RPC URL '{}': {}", rpc_url, e))?;
+        let provider = ProviderBuilder::new().connect_http(url);
+
+        let start_time = tokio::time::Instant::now();
+        let mut iteration = 0;
+
+        timeout(max_wait, async {
+            loop {
+                iteration += 1;
+                debug!(
+                    "Readiness check iteration {} (elapsed: {:?})",
+                    iteration,
+                    start_time.elapsed()
+                );
+
+                // Check if the node process has exited.
+                if let Some(status) = child.try_wait()? {
+                    return Err(eyre!("Node process exited unexpectedly with {status}"));
+                }
+
+                // First check if RPC is up and node is not syncing
+                match provider.syncing().await {
+                    Ok(sync_result) => {
+                        match sync_result {
+                            SyncStatus::Info(sync_info) => {
+                                debug!("Node is still syncing {sync_info:?}, waiting...");
+                            }
+                            _ => {
+                                debug!("HTTP RPC is up and node is not syncing, checking block number...");
+                                // Node is not syncing, now get the tip
+                                match provider.get_block_number().await {
+                                    Ok(tip) => {
+                                        debug!("HTTP RPC ready at block: {}, checking WebSocket...", tip);
+
+                                        // Verify WebSocket RPC is ready (public endpoint, no JWT required)
+                                        let ws_url = format!("ws://localhost:{}", DEFAULT_WS_RPC_PORT);
+                                        debug!("Attempting WebSocket connection to {} (public endpoint)", ws_url);
+                                        let ws_connect = WsConnect::new(&ws_url);
+
+                                        match RpcClient::connect_pubsub(ws_connect).await
+                                        {
+                                            Ok(_) => {
+                                                info!(
+                                                    "Node is ready (HTTP and WebSocket) at block: {} (took {:?}, {} iterations)",
+                                                    tip, start_time.elapsed(), iteration
+                                                );
+                                                return Ok(tip);
+                                            }
+                                            Err(e) => {
+                                                debug!(
+                                                    "HTTP RPC ready but WebSocket not ready yet (iteration {}): {:?}",
+                                                    iteration, e
+                                                );
+                                                debug!("WebSocket error details: {}", e);
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                    Err(e) => {
+                                        debug!("Failed to get block number (iteration {}): {:?}", iteration, e);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        debug!("Node RPC not ready yet or failed to check sync status (iteration {}): {:?}", iteration, e);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                debug!("Sleeping for {:?} before next check", check_interval);
+                sleep(check_interval).await;
+            }
+        })
+        .await
+        .wrap_err("Timed out waiting for node to be ready and synced")?
+    }
+
+    /// Wait for the node RPC to be ready and return its current tip, without waiting for sync.
+    ///
+    /// This is faster than `wait_for_node_ready_and_get_tip` but may return a tip while
+    /// the node is still syncing.
+    pub(crate) async fn wait_for_rpc_and_get_tip(
+        &self,
+        child: &mut tokio::process::Child,
+    ) -> Result<u64> {
+        info!("Waiting for node RPC to be ready (skipping sync wait)...");
+
+        let max_wait = Duration::from_secs(60);
+        let check_interval = Duration::from_secs(2);
+        let rpc_url = "http://localhost:8545";
+
+        let url = rpc_url.parse().map_err(|e| eyre!("Invalid RPC URL '{}': {}", rpc_url, e))?;
+        let provider = ProviderBuilder::new().connect_http(url);
+
+        let start_time = tokio::time::Instant::now();
+        let mut iteration = 0;
+
+        timeout(max_wait, async {
+            loop {
+                iteration += 1;
+                debug!(
+                    "RPC readiness check iteration {} (elapsed: {:?})",
+                    iteration,
+                    start_time.elapsed()
+                );
+
+                if let Some(status) = child.try_wait()? {
+                    return Err(eyre!("Node process exited unexpectedly with {status}"));
+                }
+
+                match provider.get_block_number().await {
+                    Ok(tip) => {
+                        debug!("HTTP RPC ready at block: {}, checking WebSocket...", tip);
+
+                        let ws_url = format!("ws://localhost:{}", DEFAULT_WS_RPC_PORT);
+                        let ws_connect = WsConnect::new(&ws_url);
+
+                        match RpcClient::connect_pubsub(ws_connect).await {
+                            Ok(_) => {
+                                info!(
+                                    "Node RPC is ready at block: {} (took {:?}, {} iterations)",
+                                    tip,
+                                    start_time.elapsed(),
+                                    iteration
+                                );
+                                return Ok(tip);
+                            }
+                            Err(e) => {
+                                debug!(
+                                    "HTTP RPC ready but WebSocket not ready yet (iteration {}): {:?}",
+                                    iteration, e
+                                );
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        debug!("RPC not ready yet (iteration {}): {:?}", iteration, e);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                sleep(check_interval).await;
+            }
+        })
+        .await
+        .wrap_err("Timed out waiting for node RPC to be ready")?
+    }
+
+    /// Stop the reth node gracefully
+    pub(crate) async fn stop_node(&self, child: &mut tokio::process::Child) -> Result<()> {
+        let pid = child.id().ok_or_eyre("Child process ID should be available")?;
+
+        // Check if the process has already exited
+        match child.try_wait() {
+            Ok(Some(status)) => {
+                info!("Reth node (PID: {}) has already exited with status: {:?}", pid, status);
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+            Ok(None) => {
+                // Process is still running, proceed to stop it
+                info!("Stopping process gracefully with SIGINT (PID: {})...", pid);
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                return Err(eyre!("Failed to check process status: {}", e));
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[cfg(unix)]
+        {
+            // Send SIGINT to process group to mimic Ctrl-C behavior
+            let nix_pgid = Pid::from_raw(pid as i32);
+
+            match killpg(nix_pgid, Signal::SIGINT) {
+                Ok(()) => {}
+                Err(nix::errno::Errno::ESRCH) => {
+                    info!("Process group {} has already exited", pid);
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    return Err(eyre!("Failed to send SIGINT to process group {}: {}", pid, e));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[cfg(not(unix))]
+        {
+            // On non-Unix systems, fall back to using external kill command
+            let output = Command::new("taskkill")
+                .args(["/PID", &pid.to_string(), "/F"])
+                .output()
+                .await
+                .wrap_err("Failed to execute taskkill command")?;
+
+            if !output.status.success() {
+                let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr);
+                // Check if the error is because the process doesn't exist
+                if stderr.contains("not found") || stderr.contains("not exist") {
+                    info!("Process {} has already exited", pid);
+                } else {
+                    return Err(eyre!("Failed to kill process {}: {}", pid, stderr));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Wait for the process to exit
+        match child.wait().await {
+            Ok(status) => {
+                info!("Reth node (PID: {}) exited with status: {:?}", pid, status);
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                // If we get an error here, it might be because the process already exited
+                debug!("Error waiting for process exit (may have already exited): {}", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Unwind the node to a specific block
+    pub(crate) async fn unwind_to_block(&self, block_number: u64) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.use_sudo {
+            info!("Unwinding node to block: {} (with sudo)", block_number);
+        } else {
+            info!("Unwinding node to block: {}", block_number);
+        }
+
+        // Use the binary path from the last start_node call, or fallback to default
+        let binary_path = self
+            .binary_path
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| "./target/profiling/reth".to_string());
+
+        let mut cmd = if self.use_sudo {
+            let mut sudo_cmd = Command::new("sudo");
+            sudo_cmd.args([&binary_path, "stage", "unwind"]);
+            sudo_cmd
+        } else {
+            let mut reth_cmd = Command::new(&binary_path);
+            reth_cmd.args(["stage", "unwind"]);
+            reth_cmd
+        };
+
+        // Add chain argument (skip for mainnet as it's the default)
+        let chain_str = self.chain.to_string();
+        if chain_str != "mainnet" {
+            cmd.args(["--chain", &chain_str]);
+        }
+
+        // Add datadir if specified
+        if let Some(ref datadir) = self.datadir {
+            cmd.args(["--datadir", datadir]);
+        }
+
+        cmd.args(["to-block", &block_number.to_string()]);
+
+        // Set environment variable to disable log styling
+        cmd.env("RUST_LOG_STYLE", "never");
+
+        // Debug log the command
+        debug!("Executing reth unwind command: {:?}", cmd);
+
+        let mut child = cmd
+            .stdout(std::process::Stdio::piped())
+            .stderr(std::process::Stdio::piped())
+            .spawn()
+            .wrap_err("Failed to start unwind command")?;
+
+        // Stream stdout and stderr with prefixes in real-time
+        if let Some(stdout) = child.stdout.take() {
+            tokio::spawn(async move {
+                let reader = AsyncBufReader::new(stdout);
+                let mut lines = reader.lines();
+                while let Ok(Some(line)) = lines.next_line().await {
+                    debug!("[RETH-UNWIND] {}", line);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        if let Some(stderr) = child.stderr.take() {
+            tokio::spawn(async move {
+                let reader = AsyncBufReader::new(stderr);
+                let mut lines = reader.lines();
+                while let Ok(Some(line)) = lines.next_line().await {
+                    debug!("[RETH-UNWIND] {}", line);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        // Wait for the command to complete
+        let status = child.wait().await.wrap_err("Failed to wait for unwind command")?;
+
+        if !status.success() {
+            return Err(eyre!("Unwind command failed with exit code: {:?}", status.code()));
+        }
+
+        info!("Unwound to block: {}", block_number);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+fn supports_samply_flags(bin: &str) -> bool {
+    let mut cmd = std::process::Command::new(bin);
+    // NOTE: The flag to check must come before --help.
+    // We pass --help as a shortcut to not execute any command.
+    cmd.args(["--log.samply", "--help"]);
+    debug!(?cmd, "Checking samply flags support");
+    let Ok(output) = cmd.output() else {
+        return false;
+    };
+    debug!(?output, "Samply flags support check");
+    output.status.success()
+}

bin/reth-bench/Cargo.toml

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ workspace = true
 reth-cli-runner.workspace = true
 reth-cli-util.workspace = true
 reth-engine-primitives.workspace = true
+reth-ethereum-primitives.workspace = true
 reth-fs-util.workspace = true
 reth-node-api.workspace = true
 reth-node-core.workspace = true
@@ -24,11 +25,13 @@ reth-primitives-traits.workspace = true
 reth-rpc-api.workspace = true
 
 reth-tracing.workspace = true
+reth-chainspec.workspace = true
 
 # alloy
 alloy-eips.workspace = true
 alloy-json-rpc.workspace = true
-
+alloy-consensus.workspace = true
+alloy-network.workspace = true
 alloy-primitives = { workspace = true, features = ["rand"] }
 alloy-provider = { workspace = true, features = ["engine-api", "pubsub", "reqwest-rustls-tls"], default-features = false }
 alloy-pubsub.workspace = true

bin/reth-bench/README.md

@@ -35,10 +35,6 @@ The `new-payload-fcu` command supports two optional waiting modes that can be us
 - `--wait-time <duration>`: Fixed sleep interval between blocks (e.g., `--wait-time 100ms` or `--wait-time 400` for 400ms)
 - `--wait-for-persistence`: Waits for blocks to be persisted using the `reth_subscribePersistedBlock` subscription
 
-Both `new-payload-fcu` and `new-payload-only` support `--rpc-block-fetch-retries <RETRIES>`
-to control how many times block fetches are retried after an RPC failure. The default is `10`.
-Use `--rpc-block-fetch-retries forever` to keep retrying indefinitely.
-
 When using `--wait-for-persistence`, the benchmark waits after every `(threshold + 1)` blocks, where the threshold defaults to the engine's persistence threshold (2). This can be customized with `--persistence-threshold <N>`.
 
 By default, the WebSocket URL for persistence subscriptions is derived from `--engine-rpc-url` (converting to ws:// on port 8546). Use `--ws-rpc-url` to override this.

bin/reth-bench/src/bench/context.rs

@@ -33,10 +33,6 @@ pub(crate) struct BenchContext {
     pub(crate) use_reth_namespace: bool,
     /// Whether to fetch and replay RLP-encoded blocks.
     pub(crate) rlp_blocks: bool,
-    /// Whether to skip waiting for persistence (pass `wait_for_persistence: false`).
-    pub(crate) no_wait_for_persistence: bool,
-    /// Whether to skip waiting for caches (pass `wait_for_caches: false`).
-    pub(crate) no_wait_for_caches: bool,
 }
 
 impl BenchContext {
@@ -64,9 +60,8 @@ impl BenchContext {
                     .and_then(|t| t.as_http_error())
                     .is_some_and(|e| e.status == 502)
             });
-        let max_retries = bench_args.rpc_block_fetch_retries.as_max_retries();
         let client = ClientBuilder::default()
-            .layer(RetryBackoffLayer::new_with_policy(max_retries, 800, u64::MAX, retry_policy))
+            .layer(RetryBackoffLayer::new_with_policy(10, 800, u64::MAX, retry_policy))
             .http(rpc_url.parse()?);
         let block_provider = RootProvider::<AnyNetwork>::new(client);
 
@@ -167,8 +162,6 @@ impl BenchContext {
         let next_block = first_block.header.number + 1;
         let rlp_blocks = bench_args.rlp_blocks;
         let use_reth_namespace = bench_args.reth_new_payload || rlp_blocks;
-        let no_wait_for_persistence = bench_args.no_wait_for_persistence;
-        let no_wait_for_caches = bench_args.no_wait_for_caches;
         Ok(Self {
             auth_provider,
             block_provider,
@@ -177,8 +170,6 @@ impl BenchContext {
             is_optimism,
             use_reth_namespace,
             rlp_blocks,
-            no_wait_for_persistence,
-            no_wait_for_caches,
         })
     }
 }

bin/reth-bench/src/bench/gas_limit_ramp.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+//! Benchmarks empty block processing by ramping the block gas limit.
+
+use crate::{
+    authenticated_transport::AuthenticatedTransportConnect,
+    bench::{
+        helpers::{build_payload, parse_gas_limit, prepare_payload_request, rpc_block_to_header},
+        output::GasRampPayloadFile,
+    },
+    valid_payload::{
+        call_forkchoice_updated_with_reth, call_new_payload_with_reth, payload_to_new_payload,
+    },
+};
+use alloy_eips::BlockNumberOrTag;
+use alloy_provider::{network::AnyNetwork, Provider, RootProvider};
+use alloy_rpc_client::ClientBuilder;
+use alloy_rpc_types_engine::{ExecutionPayload, ForkchoiceState, JwtSecret};
+
+use clap::Parser;
+use reqwest::Url;
+use reth_chainspec::ChainSpec;
+use reth_cli_runner::CliContext;
+use reth_ethereum_primitives::TransactionSigned;
+use reth_primitives_traits::constants::{GAS_LIMIT_BOUND_DIVISOR, MAXIMUM_GAS_LIMIT_BLOCK};
+use reth_rpc_api::RethNewPayloadInput;
+use std::{path::PathBuf, time::Instant};
+use tracing::info;
+
+/// `reth benchmark gas-limit-ramp` command.
+#[derive(Debug, Parser)]
+pub struct Command {
+    /// Number of blocks to generate. Mutually exclusive with --target-gas-limit.
+    #[arg(long, value_name = "BLOCKS", conflicts_with = "target_gas_limit")]
+    blocks: Option<u64>,
+
+    /// Target gas limit to ramp up to. The benchmark will generate blocks until the gas limit
+    /// reaches or exceeds this value. Mutually exclusive with --blocks.
+    /// Accepts short notation: K for thousand, M for million, G for billion (e.g., 2G = 2
+    /// billion).
+    #[arg(long, value_name = "TARGET_GAS_LIMIT", conflicts_with = "blocks", value_parser = parse_gas_limit)]
+    target_gas_limit: Option<u64>,
+
+    /// The Engine API RPC URL.
+    #[arg(long = "engine-rpc-url", value_name = "ENGINE_RPC_URL")]
+    engine_rpc_url: String,
+
+    /// Path to the JWT secret for Engine API authentication.
+    #[arg(long = "jwt-secret", value_name = "JWT_SECRET")]
+    jwt_secret: PathBuf,
+
+    /// Output directory for benchmark results and generated payloads.
+    #[arg(long, value_name = "OUTPUT")]
+    output: PathBuf,
+
+    /// Use `reth_newPayload` endpoint instead of `engine_newPayload*`.
+    ///
+    /// The `reth_newPayload` endpoint is a reth-specific extension that takes `ExecutionData`
+    /// directly, waits for persistence and cache updates to complete before processing,
+    /// and returns server-side timing breakdowns (latency, persistence wait, cache wait).
+    #[arg(long, default_value = "false", verbatim_doc_comment)]
+    reth_new_payload: bool,
+}
+
+/// Mode for determining when to stop ramping.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+enum RampMode {
+    /// Ramp for a fixed number of blocks.
+    Blocks(u64),
+    /// Ramp until reaching or exceeding target gas limit.
+    TargetGasLimit(u64),
+}
+
+impl Command {
+    /// Execute `benchmark gas-limit-ramp` command.
+    pub async fn execute(self, _ctx: CliContext) -> eyre::Result<()> {
+        let mode = match (self.blocks, self.target_gas_limit) {
+            (Some(blocks), None) => {
+                if blocks == 0 {
+                    return Err(eyre::eyre!("--blocks must be greater than 0"));
+                }
+                RampMode::Blocks(blocks)
+            }
+            (None, Some(target)) => {
+                if target == 0 {
+                    return Err(eyre::eyre!("--target-gas-limit must be greater than 0"));
+                }
+                RampMode::TargetGasLimit(target)
+            }
+            _ => {
+                return Err(eyre::eyre!(
+                    "Exactly one of --blocks or --target-gas-limit must be specified"
+                ));
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Ensure output directory exists
+        if self.output.is_file() {
+            return Err(eyre::eyre!("Output path must be a directory"));
+        }
+        if !self.output.exists() {
+            std::fs::create_dir_all(&self.output)?;
+            info!(target: "reth-bench", "Created output directory: {:?}", self.output);
+        }
+
+        // Set up authenticated provider (used for both Engine API and eth_ methods)
+        let jwt = std::fs::read_to_string(&self.jwt_secret)?;
+        let jwt = JwtSecret::from_hex(jwt)?;
+        let auth_url = Url::parse(&self.engine_rpc_url)?;
+
+        info!(target: "reth-bench", "Connecting to Engine RPC at {}", auth_url);
+        let auth_transport = AuthenticatedTransportConnect::new(auth_url, jwt);
+        let client = ClientBuilder::default().connect_with(auth_transport).await?;
+        let provider = RootProvider::<AnyNetwork>::new(client);
+
+        // Get chain spec - required for fork detection
+        let chain_id = provider.get_chain_id().await?;
+        let chain_spec = ChainSpec::from_chain_id(chain_id)
+            .ok_or_else(|| eyre::eyre!("Unsupported chain id: {chain_id}"))?;
+
+        // Fetch the current head block as parent
+        let parent_block = provider
+            .get_block_by_number(BlockNumberOrTag::Latest)
+            .full()
+            .await?
+            .ok_or_else(|| eyre::eyre!("Failed to fetch latest block"))?;
+
+        let (mut parent_header, mut parent_hash) = rpc_block_to_header(parent_block);
+
+        let canonical_parent = parent_header.number;
+        let start_block = canonical_parent + 1;
+
+        match mode {
+            RampMode::Blocks(blocks) => {
+                info!(
+                    target: "reth-bench",
+                    canonical_parent,
+                    start_block,
+                    end_block = start_block + blocks - 1,
+                    "Starting gas limit ramp benchmark (block count mode)"
+                );
+            }
+            RampMode::TargetGasLimit(target) => {
+                info!(
+                    target: "reth-bench",
+                    canonical_parent,
+                    start_block,
+                    current_gas_limit = parent_header.gas_limit,
+                    target_gas_limit = target,
+                    "Starting gas limit ramp benchmark (target gas limit mode)"
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        if self.reth_new_payload {
+            info!("Using reth_newPayload and reth_forkchoiceUpdated endpoints");
+        }
+
+        let mut blocks_processed = 0u64;
+        let total_benchmark_duration = Instant::now();
+
+        while !should_stop(mode, blocks_processed, parent_header.gas_limit) {
+            let timestamp = parent_header.timestamp.saturating_add(1);
+
+            let request = prepare_payload_request(&chain_spec, timestamp, parent_hash);
+            let new_payload_version = request.new_payload_version;
+
+            let (payload, sidecar) = build_payload(&provider, request).await?;
+
+            let mut block =
+                payload.clone().try_into_block_with_sidecar::<TransactionSigned>(&sidecar)?;
+
+            let max_increase = max_gas_limit_increase(parent_header.gas_limit);
+            let gas_limit =
+                parent_header.gas_limit.saturating_add(max_increase).min(MAXIMUM_GAS_LIMIT_BLOCK);
+
+            block.header.gas_limit = gas_limit;
+
+            let block_hash = block.header.hash_slow();
+            // Regenerate the payload from the modified block, but keep the original sidecar
+            // which contains the actual execution requests data (not just the hash)
+            let (payload, _) = ExecutionPayload::from_block_unchecked(block_hash, &block);
+            let (version, params, execution_data) = payload_to_new_payload(
+                payload,
+                sidecar,
+                false,
+                block.header.withdrawals_root,
+                Some(new_payload_version),
+            )?;
+
+            let (version, params) = if self.reth_new_payload {
+                (None, serde_json::to_value((RethNewPayloadInput::ExecutionData(execution_data),))?)
+            } else {
+                (Some(version), params)
+            };
+
+            // Save payload to file with version info for replay
+            let payload_path =
+                self.output.join(format!("payload_block_{}.json", block.header.number));
+            let file = GasRampPayloadFile {
+                version: version.map(|v| v as u8),
+                block_hash,
+                params: params.clone(),
+            };
+            let payload_json = serde_json::to_string_pretty(&file)?;
+            std::fs::write(&payload_path, &payload_json)?;
+            info!(target: "reth-bench", block_number = block.header.number, path = %payload_path.display(), "Saved payload");
+
+            let _ = call_new_payload_with_reth(&provider, version, params).await?;
+
+            let forkchoice_state = ForkchoiceState {
+                head_block_hash: block_hash,
+                safe_block_hash: block_hash,
+                finalized_block_hash: block_hash,
+            };
+            call_forkchoice_updated_with_reth(&provider, version, forkchoice_state).await?;
+
+            parent_header = block.header;
+            parent_hash = block_hash;
+            blocks_processed += 1;
+
+            let progress = match mode {
+                RampMode::Blocks(total) => format!("{blocks_processed}/{total}"),
+                RampMode::TargetGasLimit(target) => {
+                    let pct = (parent_header.gas_limit as f64 / target as f64 * 100.0).min(100.0);
+                    format!("{pct:.1}%")
+                }
+            };
+            info!(target: "reth-bench", progress, block_number = parent_header.number, gas_limit = parent_header.gas_limit, "Block processed");
+        }
+
+        let final_gas_limit = parent_header.gas_limit;
+        info!(
+            target: "reth-bench",
+            total_duration=?total_benchmark_duration.elapsed(),
+            blocks_processed,
+            final_gas_limit,
+            "Benchmark complete"
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+const fn max_gas_limit_increase(parent_gas_limit: u64) -> u64 {
+    (parent_gas_limit / GAS_LIMIT_BOUND_DIVISOR).saturating_sub(1)
+}
+
+const fn should_stop(mode: RampMode, blocks_processed: u64, current_gas_limit: u64) -> bool {
+    match mode {
+        RampMode::Blocks(target_blocks) => blocks_processed >= target_blocks,
+        RampMode::TargetGasLimit(target) => current_gas_limit >= target,
+    }
+}

bin/reth-bench/src/bench/generate_big_block.rs

@@ -773,7 +773,6 @@ impl Command {
                 suggested_fee_recipient: alloy_primitives::Address::ZERO,
                 withdrawals: Some(vec![]),
                 parent_beacon_block_root: Some(B256::ZERO),
-                slot_number: None,
             },
             transactions: transactions.to_vec(),
             extra_data: None,

bin/reth-bench/src/bench/helpers.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 //! Common helpers for reth-bench commands.
 
+use crate::valid_payload::call_forkchoice_updated;
 use eyre::Result;
 use std::{
     io::{BufReader, Read},
@@ -69,6 +70,180 @@ pub(crate) fn parse_duration(s: &str) -> eyre::Result<Duration> {
     }
 }
 
+use alloy_consensus::Header;
+use alloy_eips::eip4844::kzg_to_versioned_hash;
+use alloy_primitives::{Address, B256};
+use alloy_provider::{ext::EngineApi, network::AnyNetwork, RootProvider};
+use alloy_rpc_types_engine::{
+    CancunPayloadFields, ExecutionPayload, ExecutionPayloadSidecar, ForkchoiceState,
+    PayloadAttributes, PayloadId,
+};
+use eyre::OptionExt;
+use reth_chainspec::{ChainSpec, EthereumHardforks};
+use reth_node_api::EngineApiMessageVersion;
+use tracing::debug;
+
+/// Prepared payload request data for triggering block building.
+pub(crate) struct PayloadRequest {
+    /// The payload attributes for the new block.
+    pub(crate) attributes: PayloadAttributes,
+    /// The forkchoice state pointing to the parent block.
+    pub(crate) forkchoice_state: ForkchoiceState,
+    /// The engine API version for FCU calls.
+    pub(crate) fcu_version: EngineApiMessageVersion,
+    /// The getPayload version to use (1-5).
+    pub(crate) get_payload_version: u8,
+    /// The newPayload version to use.
+    pub(crate) new_payload_version: EngineApiMessageVersion,
+}
+
+/// Prepare payload attributes and forkchoice state for a new block.
+pub(crate) fn prepare_payload_request(
+    chain_spec: &ChainSpec,
+    timestamp: u64,
+    parent_hash: B256,
+) -> PayloadRequest {
+    let shanghai_active = chain_spec.is_shanghai_active_at_timestamp(timestamp);
+    let cancun_active = chain_spec.is_cancun_active_at_timestamp(timestamp);
+    let prague_active = chain_spec.is_prague_active_at_timestamp(timestamp);
+    let osaka_active = chain_spec.is_osaka_active_at_timestamp(timestamp);
+
+    // FCU version: V3 for Cancun+Prague+Osaka, V2 for Shanghai, V1 otherwise
+    let fcu_version = if cancun_active {
+        EngineApiMessageVersion::V3
+    } else if shanghai_active {
+        EngineApiMessageVersion::V2
+    } else {
+        EngineApiMessageVersion::V1
+    };
+
+    // getPayload version: 5 for Osaka, 4 for Prague, 3 for Cancun, 2 for Shanghai, 1 otherwise
+    // newPayload version: 4 for Prague+Osaka (no V5), 3 for Cancun, 2 for Shanghai, 1 otherwise
+    let (get_payload_version, new_payload_version) = if osaka_active {
+        (5, EngineApiMessageVersion::V4) // Osaka uses getPayloadV5 but newPayloadV4
+    } else if prague_active {
+        (4, EngineApiMessageVersion::V4)
+    } else if cancun_active {
+        (3, EngineApiMessageVersion::V3)
+    } else if shanghai_active {
+        (2, EngineApiMessageVersion::V2)
+    } else {
+        (1, EngineApiMessageVersion::V1)
+    };
+
+    PayloadRequest {
+        attributes: PayloadAttributes {
+            timestamp,
+            prev_randao: B256::ZERO,
+            suggested_fee_recipient: Address::ZERO,
+            withdrawals: shanghai_active.then(Vec::new),
+            parent_beacon_block_root: cancun_active.then_some(B256::ZERO),
+        },
+        forkchoice_state: ForkchoiceState {
+            head_block_hash: parent_hash,
+            safe_block_hash: parent_hash,
+            finalized_block_hash: parent_hash,
+        },
+        fcu_version,
+        get_payload_version,
+        new_payload_version,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Trigger payload building via FCU and retrieve the built payload.
+///
+/// This sends a forkchoiceUpdated with payload attributes to start building,
+/// then calls getPayload to retrieve the result.
+pub(crate) async fn build_payload(
+    provider: &RootProvider<AnyNetwork>,
+    request: PayloadRequest,
+) -> eyre::Result<(ExecutionPayload, ExecutionPayloadSidecar)> {
+    let fcu_result = call_forkchoice_updated(
+        provider,
+        request.fcu_version,
+        request.forkchoice_state,
+        Some(request.attributes.clone()),
+    )
+    .await?;
+
+    let payload_id =
+        fcu_result.payload_id.ok_or_eyre("Payload builder did not return a payload id")?;
+
+    get_payload_with_sidecar(
+        provider,
+        request.get_payload_version,
+        payload_id,
+        request.attributes.parent_beacon_block_root,
+    )
+    .await
+}
+
+/// Convert an RPC block to a consensus header and block hash.
+pub(crate) fn rpc_block_to_header(block: alloy_provider::network::AnyRpcBlock) -> (Header, B256) {
+    let block_hash = block.header.hash;
+    let header = block.header.inner.clone().into_header_with_defaults();
+    (header, block_hash)
+}
+
+/// Compute versioned hashes from KZG commitments.
+fn versioned_hashes_from_commitments(
+    commitments: &[alloy_primitives::FixedBytes<48>],
+) -> Vec<B256> {
+    commitments.iter().map(|c| kzg_to_versioned_hash(c.as_ref())).collect()
+}
+
+/// Fetch an execution payload using the appropriate engine API version.
+pub(crate) async fn get_payload_with_sidecar(
+    provider: &RootProvider<AnyNetwork>,
+    version: u8,
+    payload_id: PayloadId,
+    parent_beacon_block_root: Option<B256>,
+) -> eyre::Result<(ExecutionPayload, ExecutionPayloadSidecar)> {
+    debug!(target: "reth-bench", get_payload_version = ?version, ?payload_id, "Sending getPayload");
+
+    match version {
+        1 => {
+            let payload = provider.get_payload_v1(payload_id).await?;
+            Ok((ExecutionPayload::V1(payload), ExecutionPayloadSidecar::none()))
+        }
+        2 => {
+            let envelope = provider.get_payload_v2(payload_id).await?;
+            let payload = match envelope.execution_payload {
+                alloy_rpc_types_engine::ExecutionPayloadFieldV2::V1(p) => ExecutionPayload::V1(p),
+                alloy_rpc_types_engine::ExecutionPayloadFieldV2::V2(p) => ExecutionPayload::V2(p),
+            };
+            Ok((payload, ExecutionPayloadSidecar::none()))
+        }
+        3 => {
+            let envelope = provider.get_payload_v3(payload_id).await?;
+            let versioned_hashes =
+                versioned_hashes_from_commitments(&envelope.blobs_bundle.commitments);
+            let cancun_fields = CancunPayloadFields {
+                parent_beacon_block_root: parent_beacon_block_root
+                    .ok_or_eyre("parent_beacon_block_root required for V3")?,
+                versioned_hashes,
+            };
+            Ok((
+                ExecutionPayload::V3(envelope.execution_payload),
+                ExecutionPayloadSidecar::v3(cancun_fields),
+            ))
+        }
+        4 => {
+            let envelope = provider.get_payload_v4(payload_id).await?;
+            Ok(envelope.into_payload_and_sidecar(
+                parent_beacon_block_root.ok_or_eyre("parent_beacon_block_root required for V4")?,
+            ))
+        }
+        5 => {
+            let envelope = provider.get_payload_v5(payload_id).await?;
+            Ok(envelope.into_payload_and_sidecar(
+                parent_beacon_block_root.ok_or_eyre("parent_beacon_block_root required for V5")?,
+            ))
+        }
+        _ => panic!("This tool does not support getPayload versions past v5"),
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;

bin/reth-bench/src/bench/mod.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use reth_node_core::args::LogArgs;
 use reth_tracing::FileWorkerGuard;
 
 mod context;
+mod gas_limit_ramp;
 mod generate_big_block;
 pub(crate) mod helpers;
 pub use generate_big_block::{
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ pub(crate) mod metrics_scraper;
 mod new_payload_fcu;
 mod new_payload_only;
 mod output;
+mod persistence_waiter;
 mod replay_payloads;
 mod send_invalid_payload;
 mod send_payload;
@@ -35,6 +37,9 @@ pub enum Subcommands {
     /// Benchmark which calls `newPayload`, then `forkchoiceUpdated`.
     NewPayloadFcu(new_payload_fcu::Command),
 
+    /// Benchmark which builds empty blocks with a ramped gas limit.
+    GasLimitRamp(gas_limit_ramp::Command),
+
     /// Benchmark which only calls subsequent `newPayload` calls.
     NewPayloadOnly(new_payload_only::Command),
 
@@ -94,6 +99,7 @@ impl BenchmarkCommand {
 
         match self.command {
             Subcommands::NewPayloadFcu(command) => command.execute(ctx).await,
+            Subcommands::GasLimitRamp(command) => command.execute(ctx).await,
             Subcommands::NewPayloadOnly(command) => command.execute(ctx).await,
             Subcommands::SendPayload(command) => command.execute(ctx).await,
             Subcommands::GenerateBigBlock(command) => command.execute(ctx).await,

bin/reth-bench/src/bench/new_payload_fcu.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 //! Runs the `reth bench` command, calling first newPayload for each block, then calling
 //! forkchoiceUpdated.
+//!
+//! Supports configurable waiting behavior:
+//! - **`--wait-time`**: Fixed sleep interval between blocks.
+//! - **`--wait-for-persistence`**: Waits for every Nth block to be persisted using the
+//!   `reth_subscribePersistedBlock` subscription, where N matches the engine's persistence
+//!   threshold. This ensures the benchmark doesn't outpace persistence.
+//!
+//! Both options can be used together or independently.
 
 use crate::{
     bench::{
@@ -9,6 +17,9 @@ use crate::{
         output::{
             write_benchmark_results, CombinedResult, NewPayloadResult, TotalGasOutput, TotalGasRow,
         },
+        persistence_waiter::{
+            derive_ws_rpc_url, setup_persistence_subscription, PersistenceWaiter,
+        },
     },
     valid_payload::{
         block_to_new_payload, call_forkchoice_updated_with_reth, call_new_payload_with_reth,
@@ -18,7 +29,6 @@ use alloy_provider::{ext::DebugApi, Provider};
 use alloy_rpc_types_engine::ForkchoiceState;
 use clap::Parser;
 use eyre::{Context, OptionExt};
-use futures::{stream, StreamExt, TryStreamExt};
 use reth_cli_runner::CliContext;
 use reth_engine_primitives::config::DEFAULT_PERSISTENCE_THRESHOLD;
 use reth_node_core::args::BenchmarkArgs;
@@ -39,6 +49,16 @@ pub struct Command {
     #[arg(long, value_name = "WAIT_TIME", value_parser = parse_duration, verbatim_doc_comment)]
     wait_time: Option<Duration>,
 
+    /// Wait for blocks to be persisted before sending the next batch.
+    ///
+    /// When enabled, waits for every Nth block to be persisted using the
+    /// `reth_subscribePersistedBlock` subscription. This ensures the benchmark
+    /// doesn't outpace persistence.
+    ///
+    /// The subscription uses the regular RPC websocket endpoint (no JWT required).
+    #[arg(long, default_value = "false", verbatim_doc_comment)]
+    wait_for_persistence: bool,
+
     /// Engine persistence threshold used for deciding when to wait for persistence.
     ///
     /// The benchmark waits after every `(threshold + 1)` blocks. By default this
@@ -86,17 +106,55 @@ impl Command {
         if let Some(duration) = self.wait_time {
             info!(target: "reth-bench", "Using wait-time mode with {}ms delay between blocks", duration.as_millis());
         }
+        if self.wait_for_persistence {
+            info!(
+                target: "reth-bench",
+                "Persistence waiting enabled (waits after every {} blocks to match engine gap > {} behavior)",
+                self.persistence_threshold + 1,
+                self.persistence_threshold
+            );
+        }
+
+        // Set up waiter based on configured options
+        // When both are set: wait at least wait_time, and also wait for persistence if needed
+        let mut waiter = match (self.wait_time, self.wait_for_persistence) {
+            (Some(duration), true) => {
+                let ws_url = derive_ws_rpc_url(
+                    self.benchmark.ws_rpc_url.as_deref(),
+                    &self.benchmark.engine_rpc_url,
+                )?;
+                let sub = setup_persistence_subscription(ws_url, self.persistence_timeout).await?;
+                Some(PersistenceWaiter::with_duration_and_subscription(
+                    duration,
+                    sub,
+                    self.persistence_threshold,
+                    self.persistence_timeout,
+                ))
+            }
+            (Some(duration), false) => Some(PersistenceWaiter::with_duration(duration)),
+            (None, true) => {
+                let ws_url = derive_ws_rpc_url(
+                    self.benchmark.ws_rpc_url.as_deref(),
+                    &self.benchmark.engine_rpc_url,
+                )?;
+                let sub = setup_persistence_subscription(ws_url, self.persistence_timeout).await?;
+                Some(PersistenceWaiter::with_subscription(
+                    sub,
+                    self.persistence_threshold,
+                    self.persistence_timeout,
+                ))
+            }
+            (None, false) => None,
+        };
 
         let BenchContext {
             benchmark_mode,
             block_provider,
             auth_provider,
-            next_block,
+            mut next_block,
             is_optimism,
             use_reth_namespace,
             rlp_blocks,
-            no_wait_for_persistence,
-            no_wait_for_caches,
         } = BenchContext::new(&self.benchmark, self.rpc_url).await?;
 
         let total_blocks = benchmark_mode.total_blocks();
@@ -109,71 +167,70 @@ impl Command {
 
         let buffer_size = self.rpc_block_buffer_size;
 
-        let mut blocks = Box::pin(
-            stream::iter((next_block..)
-                .take_while(|next_block| {
-                    benchmark_mode.contains(*next_block)
-                }))
-                .map(|next_block| {
-                    let block_provider = block_provider.clone();
-                    async move {
-                        let block_res = block_provider
-                            .get_block_by_number(next_block.into())
-                            .full()
-                            .await
-                            .wrap_err_with(|| {
-                                format!("Failed to fetch block by number {next_block}")
-                            });
-                        let block =
-                            match block_res.and_then(|opt| opt.ok_or_eyre("Block not found")) {
-                                Ok(block) => block,
-                                Err(e) => {
-                                    tracing::error!(target: "reth-bench", "Failed to fetch block {next_block}: {e}");
-                                    return Err(e)
-                                }
-                            };
+        // Use a oneshot channel to propagate errors from the spawned task
+        let (error_sender, mut error_receiver) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
+        let (sender, mut receiver) = tokio::sync::mpsc::channel(buffer_size);
 
-                        let rlp = if rlp_blocks {
-                            let rlp = match block_provider
-                                .debug_get_raw_block(next_block.into())
-                                .await
-                            {
-                                Ok(rlp) => rlp,
-                                Err(e) => {
-                                    tracing::error!(target: "reth-bench", "Failed to fetch raw block {next_block}: {e}");
-                                    return Err(e.into())
-                                }
-                            };
-                            Some(rlp)
-                        } else {
-                            None
-                        };
-
-                        let head_block_hash = block.header.hash;
-                        let safe_block_hash = block_provider
-                            .get_block_by_number(block.header.number.saturating_sub(32).into());
-
-                        let finalized_block_hash = block_provider
-                            .get_block_by_number(block.header.number.saturating_sub(64).into());
-
-                        let (safe, finalized) =
-                            tokio::join!(safe_block_hash, finalized_block_hash);
-
-                        let safe_block_hash = match safe {
-                            Ok(Some(block)) => block.header.hash,
-                            Ok(None) | Err(_) => head_block_hash,
-                        };
-
-                        let finalized_block_hash = match finalized {
-                            Ok(Some(block)) => block.header.hash,
-                            Ok(None) | Err(_) => head_block_hash,
-                        };
-
-                        Ok((block, head_block_hash, safe_block_hash, finalized_block_hash, rlp))
+        tokio::task::spawn(async move {
+            while benchmark_mode.contains(next_block) {
+                let block_res = block_provider
+                    .get_block_by_number(next_block.into())
+                    .full()
+                    .await
+                    .wrap_err_with(|| format!("Failed to fetch block by number {next_block}"));
+                let block = match block_res.and_then(|opt| opt.ok_or_eyre("Block not found")) {
+                    Ok(block) => block,
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        tracing::error!(target: "reth-bench", "Failed to fetch block {next_block}: {e}");
+                        let _ = error_sender.send(e);
+                        break;
                     }
-                })
-                .buffered(buffer_size),
-        );
+                };
+
+                let rlp = if rlp_blocks {
+                    let rlp = match block_provider.debug_get_raw_block(next_block.into()).await {
+                        Ok(rlp) => rlp,
+                        Err(e) => {
+                            tracing::error!(target: "reth-bench", "Failed to fetch raw block {next_block}: {e}");
+                            let _ = error_sender
+                                .send(eyre::eyre!("Failed to fetch raw block {next_block}: {e}"));
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    };
+                    Some(rlp)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                };
+
+                let head_block_hash = block.header.hash;
+                let safe_block_hash = block_provider
+                    .get_block_by_number(block.header.number.saturating_sub(32).into());
+
+                let finalized_block_hash = block_provider
+                    .get_block_by_number(block.header.number.saturating_sub(64).into());
+
+                let (safe, finalized) = tokio::join!(safe_block_hash, finalized_block_hash,);
+
+                let safe_block_hash = match safe {
+                    Ok(Some(block)) => block.header.hash,
+                    Ok(None) | Err(_) => head_block_hash,
+                };
+
+                let finalized_block_hash = match finalized {
+                    Ok(Some(block)) => block.header.hash,
+                    Ok(None) | Err(_) => head_block_hash,
+                };
+
+                next_block += 1;
+                if let Err(e) = sender
+                    .send((block, head_block_hash, safe_block_hash, finalized_block_hash, rlp))
+                    .await
+                {
+                    tracing::error!(target: "reth-bench", "Failed to send block data: {e}");
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        });
 
         let mut results = Vec::new();
         let mut blocks_processed = 0u64;
@@ -182,7 +239,7 @@ impl Command {
 
         while let Some((block, head, safe, finalized, rlp)) = {
             let wait_start = Instant::now();
-            let result = blocks.try_next().await?;
+            let result = receiver.recv().await;
             total_wait_time += wait_start.elapsed();
             result
         } {
@@ -199,14 +256,8 @@ impl Command {
                 finalized_block_hash: finalized,
             };
 
-            let (version, params) = block_to_new_payload(
-                block,
-                is_optimism,
-                rlp,
-                use_reth_namespace,
-                no_wait_for_persistence,
-                no_wait_for_caches,
-            )?;
+            let (version, params) =
+                block_to_new_payload(block, is_optimism, rlp, use_reth_namespace)?;
             let start = Instant::now();
             let server_timings =
                 call_new_payload_with_reth(&auth_provider, version, params).await?;
@@ -264,8 +315,8 @@ impl Command {
                 warn!(target: "reth-bench", %err, block_number, "Failed to scrape metrics");
             }
 
-            if let Some(wait_time) = self.wait_time {
-                tokio::time::sleep(wait_time).await;
+            if let Some(w) = &mut waiter {
+                w.on_block(block_number).await?;
             }
 
             let gas_row =
@@ -273,6 +324,15 @@ impl Command {
             results.push((gas_row, combined_result));
         }
 
+        // Check if the spawned task encountered an error
+        if let Ok(error) = error_receiver.try_recv() {
+            return Err(error);
+        }
+
+        // Drop waiter - we don't need to wait for final blocks to persist
+        // since the benchmark goal is measuring Ggas/s of newPayload/FCU, not persistence.
+        drop(waiter);
+
         let (gas_output_results, combined_results): (Vec<TotalGasRow>, Vec<CombinedResult>) =
             results.into_iter().unzip();
 

bin/reth-bench/src/bench/new_payload_only.rs

@@ -52,8 +52,6 @@ impl Command {
             is_optimism,
             use_reth_namespace,
             rlp_blocks,
-            no_wait_for_persistence,
-            no_wait_for_caches,
         } = BenchContext::new(&self.benchmark, self.rpc_url).await?;
 
         let total_blocks = benchmark_mode.total_blocks();
@@ -124,14 +122,8 @@ impl Command {
 
             debug!(target: "reth-bench", number=?block.header.number, "Sending payload to engine");
 
-            let (version, params) = block_to_new_payload(
-                block,
-                is_optimism,
-                rlp,
-                use_reth_namespace,
-                no_wait_for_persistence,
-                no_wait_for_caches,
-            )?;
+            let (version, params) =
+                block_to_new_payload(block, is_optimism, rlp, use_reth_namespace)?;
 
             let start = Instant::now();
             let server_timings =

bin/reth-bench/src/bench/output.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 //! Contains various benchmark output formats, either for logging or for
 //! serialization to / from files.
 
+use alloy_primitives::B256;
 use csv::Writer;
 use eyre::OptionExt;
 use reth_primitives_traits::constants::GIGAGAS;
-use serde::{ser::SerializeStruct, Serialize};
+use serde::{ser::SerializeStruct, Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::{fs, path::Path, time::Duration};
 use tracing::info;
 
@@ -17,6 +18,20 @@ pub(crate) const COMBINED_OUTPUT_SUFFIX: &str = "combined_latency.csv";
 /// This is the suffix for new payload output csv files.
 pub(crate) const NEW_PAYLOAD_OUTPUT_SUFFIX: &str = "new_payload_latency.csv";
 
+/// Serialized format for gas ramp payloads on disk.
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub(crate) struct GasRampPayloadFile {
+    /// Engine API version (1-5).
+    ///
+    /// `None` indicates that `reth_newPayload` should be used.
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub(crate) version: Option<u8>,
+    /// The block hash for FCU.
+    pub(crate) block_hash: B256,
+    /// The params to pass to newPayload.
+    pub(crate) params: serde_json::Value,
+}
+
 /// This represents the results of a single `newPayload` call in the benchmark, containing the gas
 /// used and the `newPayload` latency.
 #[derive(Debug)]

bin/reth-bench/src/bench/persistence_waiter.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+//! Persistence waiting utilities for benchmarks.
+//!
+//! Provides waiting behavior to control benchmark pacing:
+//! - **Fixed duration waits**: Sleep for a fixed time between blocks
+//! - **Persistence-based waits**: Wait for blocks to be persisted using
+//!   `reth_subscribePersistedBlock` subscription
+//! - **Combined mode**: Wait at least the fixed duration, and also wait for persistence if the
+//!   block hasn't been persisted yet (whichever takes longer)
+
+use alloy_eips::BlockNumHash;
+use alloy_network::Ethereum;
+use alloy_provider::{Provider, RootProvider};
+use alloy_pubsub::SubscriptionStream;
+use alloy_rpc_client::RpcClient;
+use alloy_transport_ws::WsConnect;
+use eyre::Context;
+use futures::StreamExt;
+use std::time::Duration;
+use tracing::{debug, info};
+
+/// Default `WebSocket` RPC port for reth.
+const DEFAULT_WS_RPC_PORT: u16 = 8546;
+use url::Url;
+
+/// Returns the websocket RPC URL used for the persistence subscription.
+///
+/// Preference:
+/// - If `ws_rpc_url` is provided, use it directly.
+/// - Otherwise, derive a WS RPC URL from `engine_rpc_url`.
+///
+/// The persistence subscription endpoint (`reth_subscribePersistedBlock`) is exposed on
+/// the regular RPC server (WS port, usually 8546), not on the engine API port (usually 8551).
+/// Since we may only have the engine URL by default, we convert the scheme
+/// (http→ws, https→wss) and force the port to 8546.
+pub(crate) fn derive_ws_rpc_url(
+    ws_rpc_url: Option<&str>,
+    engine_rpc_url: &str,
+) -> eyre::Result<Url> {
+    if let Some(ws_url) = ws_rpc_url {
+        let parsed: Url = ws_url
+            .parse()
+            .wrap_err_with(|| format!("Failed to parse WebSocket RPC URL: {ws_url}"))?;
+        info!(target: "reth-bench", ws_url = %parsed, "Using provided WebSocket RPC URL");
+        Ok(parsed)
+    } else {
+        let derived = engine_url_to_ws_url(engine_rpc_url)?;
+        debug!(
+            target: "reth-bench",
+            engine_url = %engine_rpc_url,
+            %derived,
+            "Derived WebSocket RPC URL from engine RPC URL"
+        );
+        Ok(derived)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Converts an engine API URL to the default RPC websocket URL.
+///
+/// Transformations:
+/// - `http`  → `ws`
+/// - `https` → `wss`
+/// - `ws` / `wss` keep their scheme
+/// - Port is always set to `8546`, reth's default RPC websocket port.
+///
+/// This is used when we only know the engine API URL (typically `:8551`) but
+/// need to connect to the node's WS RPC endpoint for persistence events.
+fn engine_url_to_ws_url(engine_url: &str) -> eyre::Result<Url> {
+    let url: Url = engine_url
+        .parse()
+        .wrap_err_with(|| format!("Failed to parse engine RPC URL: {engine_url}"))?;
+
+    let mut ws_url = url.clone();
+
+    match ws_url.scheme() {
+        "http" => ws_url
+            .set_scheme("ws")
+            .map_err(|_| eyre::eyre!("Failed to set WS scheme for URL: {url}"))?,
+        "https" => ws_url
+            .set_scheme("wss")
+            .map_err(|_| eyre::eyre!("Failed to set WSS scheme for URL: {url}"))?,
+        "ws" | "wss" => {}
+        scheme => {
+            return Err(eyre::eyre!(
+            "Unsupported URL scheme '{scheme}' for URL: {url}. Expected http, https, ws, or wss."
+        ))
+        }
+    }
+
+    ws_url
+        .set_port(Some(DEFAULT_WS_RPC_PORT))
+        .map_err(|_| eyre::eyre!("Failed to set port for URL: {url}"))?;
+
+    Ok(ws_url)
+}
+
+/// Waits until the persistence subscription reports that `target` has been persisted.
+///
+/// Consumes subscription events until `last_persisted >= target`, or returns an error if:
+/// - the subscription stream ends unexpectedly, or
+/// - `timeout` elapses before `target` is observed.
+async fn wait_for_persistence(
+    stream: &mut SubscriptionStream<BlockNumHash>,
+    target: u64,
+    last_persisted: &mut u64,
+    timeout: Duration,
+) -> eyre::Result<()> {
+    tokio::time::timeout(timeout, async {
+        while *last_persisted < target {
+            match stream.next().await {
+                Some(persisted) => {
+                    *last_persisted = persisted.number;
+                    debug!(
+                        target: "reth-bench",
+                        persisted_block = ?last_persisted,
+                        "Received persistence notification"
+                    );
+                }
+                None => {
+                    return Err(eyre::eyre!("Persistence subscription closed unexpectedly"));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    })
+    .await
+    .map_err(|_| {
+        eyre::eyre!(
+            "Persistence timeout: target block {} not persisted within {:?}. Last persisted: {}",
+            target,
+            timeout,
+            last_persisted
+        )
+    })?
+}
+
+/// Wrapper that keeps both the subscription stream and the underlying provider alive.
+/// The provider must be kept alive for the subscription to continue receiving events.
+pub(crate) struct PersistenceSubscription {
+    _provider: RootProvider<Ethereum>,
+    stream: SubscriptionStream<BlockNumHash>,
+}
+
+impl PersistenceSubscription {
+    const fn new(
+        provider: RootProvider<Ethereum>,
+        stream: SubscriptionStream<BlockNumHash>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self { _provider: provider, stream }
+    }
+
+    const fn stream_mut(&mut self) -> &mut SubscriptionStream<BlockNumHash> {
+        &mut self.stream
+    }
+}
+
+/// Establishes a websocket connection and subscribes to `reth_subscribePersistedBlock`.
+///
+/// The `keepalive_interval` is set to match `persistence_timeout` so that the `WebSocket`
+/// connection is not dropped during long MDBX commits that block the server from responding
+/// to pings.
+pub(crate) async fn setup_persistence_subscription(
+    ws_url: Url,
+    persistence_timeout: Duration,
+) -> eyre::Result<PersistenceSubscription> {
+    info!(target: "reth-bench", "Connecting to WebSocket at {} for persistence subscription", ws_url);
+
+    let ws_connect =
+        WsConnect::new(ws_url.to_string()).with_keepalive_interval(persistence_timeout);
+    let client = RpcClient::connect_pubsub(ws_connect)
+        .await
+        .wrap_err("Failed to connect to WebSocket RPC endpoint")?;
+    let provider: RootProvider<Ethereum> = RootProvider::new(client);
+
+    let subscription = provider
+        .subscribe_to::<BlockNumHash>("reth_subscribePersistedBlock")
+        .await
+        .wrap_err("Failed to subscribe to persistence notifications")?;
+
+    info!(target: "reth-bench", "Subscribed to persistence notifications");
+
+    Ok(PersistenceSubscription::new(provider, subscription.into_stream()))
+}
+
+/// Encapsulates the block waiting logic.
+///
+/// Provides a simple `on_block()` interface that handles both:
+/// - Fixed duration waits (when `wait_time` is set)
+/// - Persistence-based waits (when `subscription` is set)
+///
+/// For persistence mode, waits after every `(threshold + 1)` blocks.
+pub(crate) struct PersistenceWaiter {
+    wait_time: Option<Duration>,
+    subscription: Option<PersistenceSubscription>,
+    blocks_sent: u64,
+    last_persisted: u64,
+    threshold: u64,
+    timeout: Duration,
+}
+
+impl PersistenceWaiter {
+    pub(crate) const fn with_duration(wait_time: Duration) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            wait_time: Some(wait_time),
+            subscription: None,
+            blocks_sent: 0,
+            last_persisted: 0,
+            threshold: 0,
+            timeout: Duration::ZERO,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) const fn with_subscription(
+        subscription: PersistenceSubscription,
+        threshold: u64,
+        timeout: Duration,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            wait_time: None,
+            subscription: Some(subscription),
+            blocks_sent: 0,
+            last_persisted: 0,
+            threshold,
+            timeout,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a waiter that combines both duration and persistence waiting.
+    ///
+    /// Waits at least `wait_time` between blocks, and also waits for persistence
+    /// if the block hasn't been persisted yet (whichever takes longer).
+    pub(crate) const fn with_duration_and_subscription(
+        wait_time: Duration,
+        subscription: PersistenceSubscription,
+        threshold: u64,
+        timeout: Duration,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            wait_time: Some(wait_time),
+            subscription: Some(subscription),
+            blocks_sent: 0,
+            last_persisted: 0,
+            threshold,
+            timeout,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Called once per block. Waits based on the configured mode.
+    ///
+    /// When both `wait_time` and `subscription` are set (combined mode):
+    /// - Always waits at least `wait_time`
+    /// - Additionally waits for persistence if we're at a persistence checkpoint
+    #[allow(clippy::manual_is_multiple_of)]
+    pub(crate) async fn on_block(&mut self, block_number: u64) -> eyre::Result<()> {
+        // Always wait for the fixed duration if configured
+        if let Some(wait_time) = self.wait_time {
+            tokio::time::sleep(wait_time).await;
+        }
+
+        // Check persistence if subscription is configured
+        let Some(ref mut subscription) = self.subscription else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+
+        self.blocks_sent += 1;
+
+        if self.blocks_sent % (self.threshold + 1) == 0 {
+            debug!(
+                target: "reth-bench",
+                target_block = ?block_number,
+                last_persisted = self.last_persisted,
+                blocks_sent = self.blocks_sent,
+                "Waiting for persistence"
+            );
+
+            wait_for_persistence(
+                subscription.stream_mut(),
+                block_number,
+                &mut self.last_persisted,
+                self.timeout,
+            )
+            .await?;
+
+            debug!(
+                target: "reth-bench",
+                persisted = self.last_persisted,
+                "Persistence caught up"
+            );
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::time::Instant;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_engine_url_to_ws_url() {
+        // http -> ws, always uses port 8546
+        let result = engine_url_to_ws_url("http://localhost:8551").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(result.as_str(), "ws://localhost:8546/");
+
+        // https -> wss
+        let result = engine_url_to_ws_url("https://localhost:8551").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(result.as_str(), "wss://localhost:8546/");
+
+        // Custom engine port still maps to 8546
+        let result = engine_url_to_ws_url("http://localhost:9551").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(result.port(), Some(8546));
+
+        // Already ws passthrough
+        let result = engine_url_to_ws_url("ws://localhost:8546").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(result.scheme(), "ws");
+
+        // Invalid inputs
+        assert!(engine_url_to_ws_url("ftp://localhost:8551").is_err());
+        assert!(engine_url_to_ws_url("not a valid url").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_waiter_with_duration() {
+        let mut waiter = PersistenceWaiter::with_duration(Duration::from_millis(1));
+
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        waiter.on_block(1).await.unwrap();
+        waiter.on_block(2).await.unwrap();
+        waiter.on_block(3).await.unwrap();
+
+        // Should have waited ~3ms total
+        assert!(start.elapsed() >= Duration::from_millis(3));
+    }
+}

bin/reth-bench/src/bench/replay_payloads.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,15 @@
 //! Command for replaying pre-generated payloads from disk.
+//!
+//! This command reads `ExecutionPayloadEnvelopeV4` files from a directory and replays them
+//! in sequence using `newPayload` followed by `forkchoiceUpdated`.
+//!
+//! Supports configurable waiting behavior:
+//! - **`--wait-time`**: Fixed sleep interval between blocks.
+//! - **`--wait-for-persistence`**: Waits for every Nth block to be persisted using the
+//!   `reth_subscribePersistedBlock` subscription, where N matches the engine's persistence
+//!   threshold. This ensures the benchmark doesn't outpace persistence.
+//!
+//! Both options can be used together or independently.
 
 use crate::{
     authenticated_transport::AuthenticatedTransportConnect,
@@ -6,7 +17,11 @@ use crate::{
         helpers::parse_duration,
         metrics_scraper::MetricsScraper,
         output::{
-            write_benchmark_results, CombinedResult, NewPayloadResult, TotalGasOutput, TotalGasRow,
+            write_benchmark_results, CombinedResult, GasRampPayloadFile, NewPayloadResult,
+            TotalGasOutput, TotalGasRow,
+        },
+        persistence_waiter::{
+            derive_ws_rpc_url, setup_persistence_subscription, PersistenceWaiter,
         },
     },
     valid_payload::{call_forkchoice_updated_with_reth, call_new_payload_with_reth},
@@ -21,13 +36,14 @@ use alloy_rpc_types_engine::{
 use clap::Parser;
 use eyre::Context;
 use reth_cli_runner::CliContext;
+use reth_engine_primitives::config::DEFAULT_PERSISTENCE_THRESHOLD;
 use reth_node_api::EngineApiMessageVersion;
 use reth_rpc_api::RethNewPayloadInput;
 use std::{
     path::PathBuf,
     time::{Duration, Instant},
 };
-use tracing::{debug, info, warn};
+use tracing::{debug, info};
 use url::Url;
 
 /// `reth bench replay-payloads` command
@@ -57,9 +73,9 @@ pub struct Command {
     #[arg(long, value_name = "SKIP", default_value = "0")]
     skip: usize,
 
-    /// Deprecated: gas ramp is no longer needed. Use `--testing.skip-gas-limit-ramp-check`
-    /// and `--testing.gas-limit` on the reth node instead. This flag is accepted but ignored.
-    #[arg(long, value_name = "GAS_RAMP_DIR", hide = true)]
+    /// Optional directory containing gas ramp payloads to replay first.
+    /// These are replayed before the main payloads to warm up the gas limit.
+    #[arg(long, value_name = "GAS_RAMP_DIR")]
     gas_ramp_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
 
     /// Optional output directory for benchmark results (CSV files).
@@ -73,6 +89,47 @@ pub struct Command {
     #[arg(long, value_name = "WAIT_TIME", value_parser = parse_duration, verbatim_doc_comment)]
     wait_time: Option<Duration>,
 
+    /// Wait for blocks to be persisted before sending the next batch.
+    ///
+    /// When enabled, waits for every Nth block to be persisted using the
+    /// `reth_subscribePersistedBlock` subscription. This ensures the benchmark
+    /// doesn't outpace persistence.
+    ///
+    /// The subscription uses the regular RPC websocket endpoint (no JWT required).
+    #[arg(long, default_value = "false", verbatim_doc_comment)]
+    wait_for_persistence: bool,
+
+    /// Engine persistence threshold used for deciding when to wait for persistence.
+    ///
+    /// The benchmark waits after every `(threshold + 1)` blocks. By default this
+    /// matches the engine's `DEFAULT_PERSISTENCE_THRESHOLD` (2), so waits occur
+    /// at blocks 3, 6, 9, etc.
+    #[arg(
+        long = "persistence-threshold",
+        value_name = "PERSISTENCE_THRESHOLD",
+        default_value_t = DEFAULT_PERSISTENCE_THRESHOLD,
+        verbatim_doc_comment
+    )]
+    persistence_threshold: u64,
+
+    /// Timeout for waiting on persistence at each checkpoint.
+    ///
+    /// Must be long enough to account for the persistence thread being blocked
+    /// by pruning after the previous save.
+    #[arg(
+        long = "persistence-timeout",
+        value_name = "PERSISTENCE_TIMEOUT",
+        value_parser = parse_duration,
+        default_value = "120s",
+        verbatim_doc_comment
+    )]
+    persistence_timeout: Duration,
+
+    /// Optional `WebSocket` RPC URL for persistence subscription.
+    /// If not provided, derives from engine RPC URL by changing scheme to ws and port to 8546.
+    #[arg(long, value_name = "WS_RPC_URL", verbatim_doc_comment)]
+    ws_rpc_url: Option<String>,
+
     /// Use `reth_newPayload` endpoint instead of `engine_newPayload*`.
     ///
     /// The `reth_newPayload` endpoint is a reth-specific extension that takes `ExecutionData`
@@ -81,20 +138,6 @@ pub struct Command {
     #[arg(long, default_value = "false", verbatim_doc_comment)]
     reth_new_payload: bool,
 
-    /// Skip waiting for in-flight persistence before processing.
-    ///
-    /// Only works with `--reth-new-payload`. When set, passes `wait_for_persistence: false`
-    /// to the `reth_newPayload` endpoint.
-    #[arg(long, default_value = "false", verbatim_doc_comment, requires = "reth_new_payload")]
-    no_wait_for_persistence: bool,
-
-    /// Skip waiting for execution cache and sparse trie locks before processing.
-    ///
-    /// Only works with `--reth-new-payload`. When set, passes `wait_for_caches: false`
-    /// to the `reth_newPayload` endpoint.
-    #[arg(long, default_value = "false", verbatim_doc_comment, requires = "reth_new_payload")]
-    no_wait_for_caches: bool,
-
     /// Optional Prometheus metrics endpoint to scrape after each block.
     ///
     /// When provided, reth-bench will fetch metrics from this URL after each
@@ -114,6 +157,18 @@ struct LoadedPayload {
     block_hash: B256,
 }
 
+/// A gas ramp payload loaded from disk.
+struct GasRampPayload {
+    /// Block number from filename.
+    block_number: u64,
+    /// Engine API version for newPayload.
+    ///
+    /// `None` indicates that `reth_newPayload` should be used.
+    version: Option<EngineApiMessageVersion>,
+    /// The file contents.
+    file: GasRampPayloadFile,
+}
+
 impl Command {
     /// Execute the `replay-payloads` command.
     pub async fn execute(self, _ctx: CliContext) -> eyre::Result<()> {
@@ -123,10 +178,44 @@ impl Command {
         if let Some(duration) = self.wait_time {
             info!(target: "reth-bench", "Using wait-time mode with {}ms delay between blocks", duration.as_millis());
         }
+        if self.wait_for_persistence {
+            info!(
+                target: "reth-bench",
+                "Persistence waiting enabled (waits after every {} blocks to match engine gap > {} behavior)",
+                self.persistence_threshold + 1,
+                self.persistence_threshold
+            );
+        }
         if self.reth_new_payload {
             info!("Using reth_newPayload and reth_forkchoiceUpdated endpoints");
         }
 
+        // Set up waiter based on configured options
+        // When both are set: wait at least wait_time, and also wait for persistence if needed
+        let mut waiter = match (self.wait_time, self.wait_for_persistence) {
+            (Some(duration), true) => {
+                let ws_url = derive_ws_rpc_url(self.ws_rpc_url.as_deref(), &self.engine_rpc_url)?;
+                let sub = setup_persistence_subscription(ws_url, self.persistence_timeout).await?;
+                Some(PersistenceWaiter::with_duration_and_subscription(
+                    duration,
+                    sub,
+                    self.persistence_threshold,
+                    self.persistence_timeout,
+                ))
+            }
+            (Some(duration), false) => Some(PersistenceWaiter::with_duration(duration)),
+            (None, true) => {
+                let ws_url = derive_ws_rpc_url(self.ws_rpc_url.as_deref(), &self.engine_rpc_url)?;
+                let sub = setup_persistence_subscription(ws_url, self.persistence_timeout).await?;
+                Some(PersistenceWaiter::with_subscription(
+                    sub,
+                    self.persistence_threshold,
+                    self.persistence_timeout,
+                ))
+            }
+            (None, false) => None,
+        };
+
         let mut metrics_scraper = MetricsScraper::maybe_new(self.metrics_url.clone());
 
         // Set up authenticated engine provider
@@ -156,16 +245,18 @@ impl Command {
             "Using initial parent block"
         );
 
-        // Warn if deprecated --gas-ramp-dir is passed
-        if self.gas_ramp_dir.is_some() {
-            warn!(
-                target: "reth-bench",
-                "--gas-ramp-dir is deprecated and ignored. Use --testing.skip-gas-limit-ramp-check \
-                 and --testing.gas-limit on the reth node instead."
-            );
-        }
-
         // Load all payloads upfront to avoid I/O delays between phases
+        let gas_ramp_payloads = if let Some(ref gas_ramp_dir) = self.gas_ramp_dir {
+            let payloads = self.load_gas_ramp_payloads(gas_ramp_dir)?;
+            if payloads.is_empty() {
+                return Err(eyre::eyre!("No gas ramp payload files found in {:?}", gas_ramp_dir));
+            }
+            info!(target: "reth-bench", count = payloads.len(), "Loaded gas ramp payloads from disk");
+            payloads
+        } else {
+            Vec::new()
+        };
+
         let payloads = self.load_payloads()?;
         if payloads.is_empty() {
             return Err(eyre::eyre!("No payload files found in {:?}", self.payload_dir));
@@ -174,6 +265,40 @@ impl Command {
 
         let mut parent_hash = initial_parent_hash;
 
+        // Replay gas ramp payloads first
+        for (i, payload) in gas_ramp_payloads.iter().enumerate() {
+            info!(
+                target: "reth-bench",
+                gas_ramp_payload = i + 1,
+                total = gas_ramp_payloads.len(),
+                block_number = payload.block_number,
+                block_hash = %payload.file.block_hash,
+                "Executing gas ramp payload (newPayload + FCU)"
+            );
+
+            let _ = call_new_payload_with_reth(
+                &auth_provider,
+                payload.version,
+                payload.file.params.clone(),
+            )
+            .await?;
+
+            let fcu_state = ForkchoiceState {
+                head_block_hash: payload.file.block_hash,
+                safe_block_hash: parent_hash,
+                finalized_block_hash: parent_hash,
+            };
+            call_forkchoice_updated_with_reth(&auth_provider, payload.version, fcu_state).await?;
+
+            info!(target: "reth-bench", gas_ramp_payload = i + 1, "Gas ramp payload executed successfully");
+
+            parent_hash = payload.file.block_hash;
+        }
+
+        if !gas_ramp_payloads.is_empty() {
+            info!(target: "reth-bench", count = gas_ramp_payloads.len(), "All gas ramp payloads replayed");
+        }
+
         let mut results = Vec::new();
         let total_benchmark_duration = Instant::now();
 
@@ -220,14 +345,7 @@ impl Command {
                         },
                     ),
                 };
-                (
-                    None,
-                    serde_json::to_value((
-                        RethNewPayloadInput::ExecutionData(reth_data),
-                        self.no_wait_for_persistence.then_some(false),
-                        self.no_wait_for_caches.then_some(false),
-                    ))?,
-                )
+                (None, serde_json::to_value((RethNewPayloadInput::ExecutionData(reth_data),))?)
             } else {
                 (
                     Some(EngineApiMessageVersion::V4),
@@ -291,6 +409,10 @@ impl Command {
                 tracing::warn!(target: "reth-bench", %err, block_number, "Failed to scrape metrics");
             }
 
+            if let Some(w) = &mut waiter {
+                w.on_block(block_number).await?;
+            }
+
             let gas_row =
                 TotalGasRow { block_number, transaction_count, gas_used, time: current_duration };
             results.push((gas_row, combined_result));
@@ -298,6 +420,10 @@ impl Command {
             parent_hash = block_hash;
         }
 
+        // Drop waiter - we don't need to wait for final blocks to persist
+        // since the benchmark goal is measuring Ggas/s of newPayload/FCU, not persistence.
+        drop(waiter);
+
         let (gas_output_results, combined_results): (Vec<TotalGasRow>, Vec<CombinedResult>) =
             results.into_iter().unzip();
 
@@ -384,4 +510,65 @@ impl Command {
 
         Ok(payloads)
     }
+
+    /// Load and parse gas ramp payload files from a directory.
+    fn load_gas_ramp_payloads(&self, dir: &PathBuf) -> eyre::Result<Vec<GasRampPayload>> {
+        let mut payloads = Vec::new();
+
+        let entries: Vec<_> = std::fs::read_dir(dir)
+            .wrap_err_with(|| format!("Failed to read directory {:?}", dir))?
+            .filter_map(|e| e.ok())
+            .filter(|e| {
+                e.path().extension().and_then(|s| s.to_str()) == Some("json") &&
+                    e.file_name().to_string_lossy().starts_with("payload_block_")
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        // Parse filenames to get block numbers and sort
+        let mut indexed_paths: Vec<(u64, PathBuf)> = entries
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter_map(|e| {
+                let name = e.file_name();
+                let name_str = name.to_string_lossy();
+                // Extract block number from "payload_block_NNN.json"
+                let block_str = name_str.strip_prefix("payload_block_")?.strip_suffix(".json")?;
+                let block_number: u64 = block_str.parse().ok()?;
+                Some((block_number, e.path()))
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        indexed_paths.sort_by_key(|(num, _)| *num);
+
+        for (block_number, path) in indexed_paths {
+            let content = std::fs::read_to_string(&path)
+                .wrap_err_with(|| format!("Failed to read {:?}", path))?;
+            let file: GasRampPayloadFile = serde_json::from_str(&content)
+                .wrap_err_with(|| format!("Failed to parse {:?}", path))?;
+
+            let version = if let Some(version) = file.version {
+                match version {
+                    1 => EngineApiMessageVersion::V1,
+                    2 => EngineApiMessageVersion::V2,
+                    3 => EngineApiMessageVersion::V3,
+                    4 => EngineApiMessageVersion::V4,
+                    5 => EngineApiMessageVersion::V5,
+                    v => return Err(eyre::eyre!("Invalid version {} in {:?}", v, path)),
+                }
+                .into()
+            } else {
+                None
+            };
+
+            info!(
+                block_number,
+                block_hash = %file.block_hash,
+                path = %path.display(),
+                "Loaded gas ramp payload"
+            );
+
+            payloads.push(GasRampPayload { block_number, version, file });
+        }
+
+        Ok(payloads)
+    }
 }

bin/reth-bench/src/bench/send_invalid_payload/mod.rs

@@ -240,7 +240,6 @@ impl Command {
             ExecutionPayload::V1(p) => config.apply_to_payload_v1(p),
             ExecutionPayload::V2(p) => config.apply_to_payload_v2(p),
             ExecutionPayload::V3(p) => config.apply_to_payload_v3(p),
-            ExecutionPayload::V4(p) => config.apply_to_payload_v3(&mut p.payload_inner),
         };
 
         let skip_recalc = self.skip_hash_recalc || config.should_skip_hash_recalc();
@@ -255,9 +254,6 @@ impl Command {
                         ExecutionPayload::V1(p) => p.block_hash,
                         ExecutionPayload::V2(p) => p.payload_inner.block_hash,
                         ExecutionPayload::V3(p) => p.payload_inner.payload_inner.block_hash,
-                        ExecutionPayload::V4(p) => {
-                            p.payload_inner.payload_inner.payload_inner.block_hash
-                        }
                     }
                 }
             };
@@ -266,9 +262,6 @@ impl Command {
                 ExecutionPayload::V1(p) => p.block_hash = new_hash,
                 ExecutionPayload::V2(p) => p.payload_inner.block_hash = new_hash,
                 ExecutionPayload::V3(p) => p.payload_inner.payload_inner.block_hash = new_hash,
-                ExecutionPayload::V4(p) => {
-                    p.payload_inner.payload_inner.payload_inner.block_hash = new_hash
-                }
             }
         }
 

bin/reth-bench/src/valid_payload.rs

@@ -167,25 +167,16 @@ where
 /// Converts an RPC block into versioned engine API params and an [`ExecutionData`].
 ///
 /// Returns `(version, versioned_params, execution_data)`.
-///
-/// When `no_wait_for_persistence` or `no_wait_for_caches` is `true` and using `reth_newPayload`,
-/// passes the corresponding `wait_for_*: false` to skip that wait.
 pub(crate) fn block_to_new_payload(
     block: AnyRpcBlock,
     is_optimism: bool,
     rlp: Option<Bytes>,
     reth_new_payload: bool,
-    no_wait_for_persistence: bool,
-    no_wait_for_caches: bool,
 ) -> eyre::Result<(Option<EngineApiMessageVersion>, serde_json::Value)> {
     if let Some(rlp) = rlp {
         return Ok((
             None,
-            serde_json::to_value((
-                RethNewPayloadInput::<ExecutionData>::BlockRlp(rlp),
-                no_wait_for_persistence.then_some(false),
-                no_wait_for_caches.then_some(false),
-            ))?,
+            serde_json::to_value((RethNewPayloadInput::<ExecutionData>::BlockRlp(rlp),))?,
         ));
     }
     let block = block
@@ -203,14 +194,7 @@ pub(crate) fn block_to_new_payload(
         payload_to_new_payload(payload, sidecar, is_optimism, block.withdrawals_root, None)?;
 
     if reth_new_payload {
-        Ok((
-            None,
-            serde_json::to_value((
-                RethNewPayloadInput::ExecutionData(execution_data),
-                no_wait_for_persistence.then_some(false),
-                no_wait_for_caches.then_some(false),
-            ))?,
-        ))
+        Ok((None, serde_json::to_value((RethNewPayloadInput::ExecutionData(execution_data),))?))
     } else {
         Ok((Some(version), params))
     }
@@ -230,20 +214,6 @@ pub(crate) fn payload_to_new_payload(
     let execution_data = ExecutionData { payload: payload.clone(), sidecar: sidecar.clone() };
 
     let (version, params) = match payload {
-        ExecutionPayload::V4(payload) => {
-            let cancun = sidecar.cancun().unwrap();
-            let prague = sidecar.prague().unwrap();
-            let requests = prague.requests.requests_hash();
-            (
-                EngineApiMessageVersion::V5,
-                serde_json::to_value((
-                    payload,
-                    cancun.versioned_hashes.clone(),
-                    cancun.parent_beacon_block_root,
-                    requests,
-                ))?,
-            )
-        }
         ExecutionPayload::V3(payload) => {
             let cancun = sidecar.cancun().unwrap();
 
@@ -401,12 +371,9 @@ pub(crate) async fn call_forkchoice_updated<N, P: EngineApiValidWaitExt<N>>(
     forkchoice_state: ForkchoiceState,
     payload_attributes: Option<PayloadAttributes>,
 ) -> TransportResult<ForkchoiceUpdated> {
-    // FCU V3 is used for Cancun, Prague, and Amsterdam (there is no FCU V4-V6)
+    // FCU V3 is used for both Cancun and Prague (there is no FCU V4)
     match message_version {
-        EngineApiMessageVersion::V3 |
-        EngineApiMessageVersion::V4 |
-        EngineApiMessageVersion::V5 |
-        EngineApiMessageVersion::V6 => {
+        EngineApiMessageVersion::V3 | EngineApiMessageVersion::V4 | EngineApiMessageVersion::V5 => {
             provider.fork_choice_updated_v3_wait(forkchoice_state, payload_attributes).await
         }
         EngineApiMessageVersion::V2 => {

bin/reth/Cargo.toml

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ aquamarine.workspace = true
 clap = { workspace = true, features = ["derive", "env"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-alloy-node-bindings = "1.5.2"
+alloy-node-bindings = "1.6.3"
 alloy-provider = { workspace = true, features = ["reqwest"] }
 alloy-rpc-types-eth.workspace = true
 backon.workspace = true
@@ -124,7 +124,6 @@ jemalloc = [
     "reth-node-core/jemalloc",
     "reth-node-metrics/jemalloc",
     "reth-ethereum-cli/jemalloc",
-    "reth-provider/jemalloc",
 ]
 jemalloc-prof = [
     "reth-cli-util/jemalloc",

crates/chainspec/src/lib.rs

@@ -36,6 +36,15 @@ pub use spec::{
     DepositContract, ForkBaseFeeParams, DEV, HOLESKY, HOODI, MAINNET, SEPOLIA,
 };
 
+use reth_primitives_traits::sync::OnceLock;
+
+/// Simple utility to create a thread-safe sync cell with a value set.
+pub fn once_cell_set<T>(value: T) -> OnceLock<T> {
+    let once = OnceLock::new();
+    let _ = once.set(value);
+    once
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;

crates/chainspec/src/spec.rs

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ use alloy_consensus::{
 };
 use alloy_eips::{
     eip1559::INITIAL_BASE_FEE, eip7685::EMPTY_REQUESTS_HASH, eip7840::BlobParams,
-    eip7892::BlobScheduleBlobParams, eip7928::EMPTY_BLOCK_ACCESS_LIST_HASH,
+    eip7892::BlobScheduleBlobParams,
 };
 use alloy_genesis::{ChainConfig, Genesis};
 use alloy_primitives::{address, b256, Address, BlockNumber, B256, U256};
@@ -76,18 +76,6 @@ pub fn make_genesis_header(genesis: &Genesis, hardforks: &ChainHardforks) -> Hea
         .active_at_timestamp(genesis.timestamp)
         .then_some(EMPTY_REQUESTS_HASH);
 
-    // If Amsterdam is activated at genesis we set block access list hash to empty hash.
-    let block_access_list_hash = hardforks
-        .fork(EthereumHardfork::Amsterdam)
-        .active_at_timestamp(genesis.timestamp)
-        .then_some(EMPTY_BLOCK_ACCESS_LIST_HASH);
-
-    // If Amsterdam is activated at genesis we set slot number to 0.
-    let slot_number = hardforks
-        .fork(EthereumHardfork::Amsterdam)
-        .active_at_timestamp(genesis.timestamp)
-        .then_some(0);
-
     Header {
         number: genesis.number.unwrap_or_default(),
         parent_hash: genesis.parent_hash.unwrap_or_default(),
@@ -105,8 +93,6 @@ pub fn make_genesis_header(genesis: &Genesis, hardforks: &ChainHardforks) -> Hea
         blob_gas_used,
         excess_blob_gas,
         requests_hash,
-        block_access_list_hash,
-        slot_number,
         ..Default::default()
     }
 }
@@ -312,7 +298,6 @@ pub fn create_chain_config(
         cancun_time: timestamp(EthereumHardfork::Cancun),
         prague_time: timestamp(EthereumHardfork::Prague),
         osaka_time: timestamp(EthereumHardfork::Osaka),
-        amsterdam_time: timestamp(EthereumHardfork::Amsterdam),
         bpo1_time: timestamp(EthereumHardfork::Bpo1),
         bpo2_time: timestamp(EthereumHardfork::Bpo2),
         bpo3_time: timestamp(EthereumHardfork::Bpo3),
@@ -895,7 +880,6 @@ impl From<Genesis> for ChainSpec {
             (EthereumHardfork::Cancun.boxed(), genesis.config.cancun_time),
             (EthereumHardfork::Prague.boxed(), genesis.config.prague_time),
             (EthereumHardfork::Osaka.boxed(), genesis.config.osaka_time),
-            (EthereumHardfork::Amsterdam.boxed(), genesis.config.amsterdam_time),
             (EthereumHardfork::Bpo1.boxed(), genesis.config.bpo1_time),
             (EthereumHardfork::Bpo2.boxed(), genesis.config.bpo2_time),
             (EthereumHardfork::Bpo3.boxed(), genesis.config.bpo3_time),
@@ -1207,19 +1191,6 @@ impl ChainSpecBuilder {
         self
     }
 
-    /// Enable Amsterdam at genesis.
-    pub fn amsterdam_activated(mut self) -> Self {
-        self = self.osaka_activated();
-        self.hardforks.insert(EthereumHardfork::Amsterdam, ForkCondition::Timestamp(0));
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Enable Amsterdam at the given timestamp.
-    pub fn with_amsterdam_at(mut self, timestamp: u64) -> Self {
-        self.hardforks.insert(EthereumHardfork::Amsterdam, ForkCondition::Timestamp(timestamp));
-        self
-    }
-
     /// Build the resulting [`ChainSpec`].
     ///
     /// # Panics

crates/cli/commands/src/common.rs

@@ -187,6 +187,7 @@ impl<C: ChainSpecParser> EnvironmentArgs<C> {
     where
         C: ChainSpecParser<ChainSpec = N::ChainSpec>,
     {
+        let prune_modes = config.prune.segments.clone();
         let factory = ProviderFactory::<NodeTypesWithDBAdapter<N, DatabaseEnv>>::new(
             db,
             self.chain.clone(),
@@ -194,8 +195,7 @@ impl<C: ChainSpecParser> EnvironmentArgs<C> {
             rocksdb_provider,
             runtime,
         )?
-        .with_prune_modes(config.prune.segments.clone())
-        .with_minimum_pruning_distance(config.prune.minimum_pruning_distance);
+        .with_prune_modes(prune_modes.clone());
 
         // Check for consistency between database and static files.
         if !access.is_read_only_inconsistent() &&
@@ -229,13 +229,10 @@ impl<C: ChainSpecParser> EnvironmentArgs<C> {
                     NoopBodiesDownloader::default(),
                     NoopEvmConfig::<N::Evm>::default(),
                     config.stages.clone(),
-                    config.prune.segments.clone(),
+                    prune_modes.clone(),
                     None,
                 ))
-                .build(
-                    factory.clone(),
-                    StaticFileProducer::new(factory.clone(), config.prune.segments.clone()),
-                );
+                .build(factory.clone(), StaticFileProducer::new(factory.clone(), prune_modes));
 
             // Move all applicable data from database to static files.
             pipeline.move_to_static_files()?;

crates/cli/commands/src/download/config_gen.rs

@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ pub(crate) fn config_for_selections(
         }
 
         return Config {
-            prune: PruneConfig { segments, ..Default::default() },
+            prune: PruneConfig { block_interval: PruneConfig::default().block_interval, segments },
             static_files,
             ..Default::default()
         };

crates/cli/commands/src/p2p/mod.rs

@@ -201,7 +201,6 @@ impl<C: ChainSpecParser> DownloadArgs<C> {
         let net =
             NetworkConfigBuilder::<N::NetworkPrimitives>::new(p2p_secret_key, Runtime::test())
                 .peer_config(config.peers_config_with_basic_nodes_from_file(None))
-                .sessions_config(config.sessions)
                 .external_ip_resolver(self.network.nat.clone())
                 .network_id(self.network.network_id)
                 .boot_nodes(boot_nodes.clone())

crates/cli/commands/src/re_execute.rs

@@ -179,10 +179,8 @@ impl<C: ChainSpecParser<ChainSpec: EthChainSpec + Hardforks + EthereumHardforks>
                             }
                         };
 
-                        let bal= executor.take_bal();
-
                         if let Err(err) = consensus
-                            .validate_block_post_execution(&block, &result, None, bal, true)
+                            .validate_block_post_execution(&block, &result, None)
                             .wrap_err_with(|| {
                                 format!(
                                     "Failed to validate block {} {}",

crates/config/src/config.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //! Configuration files.
 use reth_network_types::{PeersConfig, SessionsConfig};
-use reth_prune_types::{PruneModes, MINIMUM_UNWIND_SAFE_DISTANCE};
+use reth_prune_types::PruneModes;
 use reth_stages_types::ExecutionStageThresholds;
 use reth_static_file_types::{StaticFileMap, StaticFileSegment};
 use std::{
@@ -540,24 +540,11 @@ pub struct PruneConfig {
     /// Pruning configuration for every part of the data that can be pruned.
     #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(alias = "parts"))]
     pub segments: PruneModes,
-    /// Minimum distance from the tip required for pruning. Controls the safety margin for
-    /// reorgs and manual unwinds. Defaults to [`MINIMUM_UNWIND_SAFE_DISTANCE`].
-    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(default = "default_minimum_pruning_distance"))]
-    pub minimum_pruning_distance: u64,
-}
-
-/// Returns the default minimum pruning distance.
-const fn default_minimum_pruning_distance() -> u64 {
-    MINIMUM_UNWIND_SAFE_DISTANCE
 }
 
 impl Default for PruneConfig {
     fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            block_interval: DEFAULT_BLOCK_INTERVAL,
-            segments: PruneModes::default(),
-            minimum_pruning_distance: MINIMUM_UNWIND_SAFE_DISTANCE,
-        }
+        Self { block_interval: DEFAULT_BLOCK_INTERVAL, segments: PruneModes::default() }
     }
 }
 
@@ -590,7 +577,6 @@ impl PruneConfig {
                     bodies_history,
                     receipts_log_filter,
                 },
-            minimum_pruning_distance,
         } = other;
 
         // Merge block_interval, only update if it's the default interval
@@ -598,11 +584,6 @@ impl PruneConfig {
             self.block_interval = block_interval;
         }
 
-        // Merge minimum_pruning_distance, only update if it's the default
-        if self.minimum_pruning_distance == MINIMUM_UNWIND_SAFE_DISTANCE {
-            self.minimum_pruning_distance = minimum_pruning_distance;
-        }
-
         // Merge the various segment prune modes
         self.segments.sender_recovery = self.segments.sender_recovery.or(sender_recovery);
         self.segments.transaction_lookup = self.segments.transaction_lookup.or(transaction_lookup);
@@ -642,9 +623,7 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::PruneConfig;
     use alloy_primitives::Address;
     use reth_network_peers::TrustedPeer;
-    use reth_prune_types::{
-        PruneMode, PruneModes, ReceiptsLogPruneConfig, MINIMUM_UNWIND_SAFE_DISTANCE,
-    };
+    use reth_prune_types::{PruneMode, PruneModes, ReceiptsLogPruneConfig};
     use std::{collections::BTreeMap, path::Path, str::FromStr, time::Duration};
 
     fn with_tempdir(filename: &str, proc: fn(&std::path::Path)) {
@@ -1114,7 +1093,6 @@ receipts = { distance = 16384 }
     fn test_prune_config_merge() {
         let mut config1 = PruneConfig {
             block_interval: 5,
-            minimum_pruning_distance: MINIMUM_UNWIND_SAFE_DISTANCE,
             segments: PruneModes {
                 sender_recovery: Some(PruneMode::Full),
                 transaction_lookup: None,
@@ -1131,7 +1109,6 @@ receipts = { distance = 16384 }
 
         let config2 = PruneConfig {
             block_interval: 10,
-            minimum_pruning_distance: MINIMUM_UNWIND_SAFE_DISTANCE,
             segments: PruneModes {
                 sender_recovery: Some(PruneMode::Distance(500)),
                 transaction_lookup: Some(PruneMode::Full),

crates/consensus/common/src/validation.rs

@@ -87,27 +87,6 @@ pub fn validate_cancun_gas<B: Block>(block: &SealedBlock<B>) -> Result<(), Conse
     Ok(())
 }
 
-/// Validate that Amsterdam header fields are present in the block.
-///
-/// This checks that the `block_access_list_hash` and `slot_number` are set in the header,
-/// as required post-Amsterdam.
-///
-/// See [EIP-7928]: Block-level Access Lists
-/// See [EIP-7778]: Slot Number in Block Header
-///
-/// [EIP-7928]: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7928
-/// [EIP-7778]: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7778
-#[inline]
-pub fn validate_amsterdam_header_fields<H: BlockHeader>(header: &H) -> Result<(), ConsensusError> {
-    if header.block_access_list_hash().is_none() {
-        return Err(ConsensusError::BlockAccessListHashMissing);
-    }
-    if header.slot_number().is_none() {
-        return Err(ConsensusError::SlotNumberMissing);
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-
 /// Ensures the block response data matches the header.
 ///
 /// This ensures the body response items match the header's hashes:

crates/consensus/consensus/Cargo.toml

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ reth-primitives-traits.workspace = true
 # ethereum
 alloy-primitives.workspace = true
 alloy-consensus.workspace = true
-alloy-eip7928.workspace = true
 
 # misc
 auto_impl.workspace = true
@@ -30,8 +29,10 @@ std = [
     "reth-primitives-traits/std",
     "alloy-primitives/std",
     "alloy-consensus/std",
-    "alloy-eip7928/std",
+    "reth-primitives-traits/std",
     "reth-execution-types/std",
     "thiserror/std",
 ]
-test-utils = ["reth-primitives-traits/test-utils"]
+test-utils = [
+    "reth-primitives-traits/test-utils",
+]

crates/consensus/consensus/src/lib.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ extern crate alloc;
 
 use alloc::{boxed::Box, fmt::Debug, string::String, sync::Arc, vec::Vec};
 use alloy_consensus::Header;
-use alloy_eip7928::BlockAccessList;
 use alloy_primitives::{BlockHash, BlockNumber, Bloom, B256};
 use core::error::Error;
 
@@ -55,17 +54,12 @@ pub trait FullConsensus<N: NodePrimitives>: Consensus<N::Block> {
     /// If `receipt_root_bloom` is provided, the implementation should use the pre-computed
     /// receipt root and logs bloom instead of computing them from the receipts.
     ///
-    ///  If `allow_bal_check` is enabled, we calculate the bal hash and match with the header bal
-    /// hash. We don't do by default because for payload validation, we do the same bal check
-    ///
     /// Note: validating blocks does not include other validations of the Consensus
     fn validate_block_post_execution(
         &self,
         block: &RecoveredBlock<N::Block>,
         result: &BlockExecutionResult<N::Receipt>,
         receipt_root_bloom: Option<ReceiptRootBloom>,
-        block_access_list: Option<BlockAccessList>,
-        allow_bal_check: bool,
     ) -> Result<(), ConsensusError>;
 }
 
@@ -337,30 +331,6 @@ pub enum ConsensusError {
     #[error("unexpected parent beacon block root")]
     ParentBeaconBlockRootUnexpected,
 
-    /// Error when the block access list hash is missing.
-    #[error("missing block access list hash")]
-    BlockAccessListHashMissing,
-
-    /// Error when an unexpected block access list hash is encountered.
-    #[error("unexpected block access list hash")]
-    BlockAccessListHashUnexpected,
-
-    /// Error when an unexpected block access list cost is encountered.
-    #[error("block access list cost exceeds gas limit")]
-    BlockAccessListCostMoreThanGasLimit,
-
-    /// Error when the block access list hash doesn't match the expected value.
-    #[error("block access list hash mismatch: {0}")]
-    BlockAccessListHashMismatch(GotExpectedBoxed<B256>),
-
-    /// Error when the slot number is missing.
-    #[error("missing slot number")]
-    SlotNumberMissing,
-
-    /// Error when an unexpected slot number is encountered.
-    #[error("unexpected slot number")]
-    SlotNumberUnexpected,
-
     /// Error when blob gas used exceeds the maximum allowed.
     #[error("blob gas used {blob_gas_used} exceeds maximum allowance {max_blob_gas_per_block}")]
     BlobGasUsedExceedsMaxBlobGasPerBlock {

crates/consensus/consensus/src/noop.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 
 use crate::{Consensus, ConsensusError, FullConsensus, HeaderValidator, ReceiptRootBloom};
 use alloc::sync::Arc;
-use alloy_eip7928::BlockAccessList;
 use reth_execution_types::BlockExecutionResult;
 use reth_primitives_traits::{Block, NodePrimitives, RecoveredBlock, SealedBlock, SealedHeader};
 
@@ -78,8 +77,6 @@ impl<N: NodePrimitives> FullConsensus<N> for NoopConsensus {
         _block: &RecoveredBlock<N::Block>,
         _result: &BlockExecutionResult<N::Receipt>,
         _receipt_root_bloom: Option<ReceiptRootBloom>,
-        _block_access_list: Option<BlockAccessList>,
-        _allow_bal_check: bool,
     ) -> Result<(), ConsensusError> {
         Ok(())
     }

crates/consensus/consensus/src/test_utils.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 use crate::{Consensus, ConsensusError, FullConsensus, HeaderValidator, ReceiptRootBloom};
-use alloy_eip7928::BlockAccessList;
 use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 use reth_execution_types::BlockExecutionResult;
 use reth_primitives_traits::{Block, NodePrimitives, RecoveredBlock, SealedBlock, SealedHeader};
@@ -53,8 +52,6 @@ impl<N: NodePrimitives> FullConsensus<N> for TestConsensus {
         _block: &RecoveredBlock<N::Block>,
         _result: &BlockExecutionResult<N::Receipt>,
         _receipt_root_bloom: Option<ReceiptRootBloom>,
-        _block_access_list: Option<BlockAccessList>,
-        _allow_bal_check: bool,
     ) -> Result<(), ConsensusError> {
         if self.fail_validation() {
             Err(ConsensusError::BaseFeeMissing)

crates/e2e-test-utils/src/setup_builder.rs

@@ -96,11 +96,6 @@ where
         self
     }
 
-    /// Sets the pruning arguments for the test nodes.
-    pub fn with_pruning(self, pruning: reth_node_core::args::PruningArgs) -> Self {
-        self.with_node_config_modifier(move |config| config.with_pruning(pruning.clone()))
-    }
-
     /// Enables v2 storage defaults (`--storage.v2`), routing tx hashes, history
     /// indices, etc. to `RocksDB` and changesets/senders to static files.
     pub fn with_storage_v2(self) -> Self {

crates/e2e-test-utils/src/test_rlp_utils.rs

@@ -55,8 +55,6 @@ pub fn generate_test_blocks(chain_spec: &ChainSpec, count: u64) -> Vec<SealedBlo
             excess_blob_gas: None,
             parent_beacon_block_root: None,
             requests_hash: None,
-            block_access_list_hash: None,
-            slot_number: None,
         };
 
         // Set required fields based on chain spec

crates/e2e-test-utils/src/testsuite/actions/produce_blocks.rs

@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ where
                 suggested_fee_recipient: alloy_primitives::Address::random(),
                 withdrawals: Some(vec![]),
                 parent_beacon_block_root: Some(B256::ZERO),
-                slot_number: None,
             };
 
             env.active_node_state_mut()?
@@ -300,7 +299,6 @@ where
                     suggested_fee_recipient: alloy_primitives::Address::random(),
                     withdrawals: Some(vec![]),
                     parent_beacon_block_root: Some(B256::ZERO),
-                    slot_number: None,
                 };
 
                 let fresh_fcu_result = EngineApiClient::<Engine>::fork_choice_updated_v3(

crates/e2e-test-utils/src/testsuite/setup.rs

@@ -271,7 +271,6 @@ where
                 suggested_fee_recipient: alloy_primitives::Address::ZERO,
                 withdrawals: Some(vec![]),
                 parent_beacon_block_root: Some(B256::ZERO),
-                slot_number: None,
             };
             EthPayloadBuilderAttributes::new(B256::ZERO, attributes)
         };
@@ -302,7 +301,6 @@ where
                 suggested_fee_recipient: alloy_primitives::Address::ZERO,
                 withdrawals: Some(vec![]),
                 parent_beacon_block_root: Some(B256::ZERO),
-                slot_number: None,
             };
             <<N as NodeTypes>::Payload as PayloadTypes>::PayloadBuilderAttributes::from(
                 EthPayloadBuilderAttributes::new(B256::ZERO, attributes),

crates/e2e-test-utils/tests/e2e-testsuite/main.rs

@@ -161,7 +161,6 @@ async fn test_testsuite_assert_mine_block() -> Result<()> {
                 suggested_fee_recipient: Address::random(),
                 withdrawals: None,
                 parent_beacon_block_root: None,
-                slot_number: None,
             },
         ));
 

crates/e2e-test-utils/tests/rocksdb/main.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 //! E2E tests for `RocksDB` provider functionality.
 
 use alloy_consensus::BlockHeader;
-use alloy_eips::eip2718::Encodable2718;
-use alloy_primitives::{Address, Bytes, TxKind, B256, U256};
-use alloy_rpc_types_eth::{Transaction, TransactionInput, TransactionReceipt, TransactionRequest};
+use alloy_primitives::B256;
+use alloy_rpc_types_eth::{Transaction, TransactionReceipt};
 use eyre::Result;
 use jsonrpsee::core::client::ClientT;
 use reth_chainspec::{ChainSpec, ChainSpecBuilder, MAINNET};
@@ -90,7 +89,6 @@ fn test_attributes_generator(timestamp: u64) -> EthPayloadBuilderAttributes {
         suggested_fee_recipient: alloy_primitives::Address::ZERO,
         withdrawals: Some(vec![]),
         parent_beacon_block_root: Some(B256::ZERO),
-        slot_number: None,
     };
     EthPayloadBuilderAttributes::new(B256::ZERO, attributes)
 }
@@ -575,426 +573,3 @@ async fn test_rocksdb_reorg_unwind() -> Result<()> {
 
     Ok(())
 }
-
-/// Historical account queries: verifies that `eth_getBalance` and `eth_getTransactionCount`
-/// return correct values at past block numbers after the account state has changed.
-///
-/// This test exercises the database-backed historical state lookup path. After mining the
-/// blocks we care about (1-3), we mine additional blocks to advance the canonical head
-/// far enough that the engine tree's persistence + in-memory eviction cycle guarantees
-/// blocks 1-3 are no longer in the in-memory overlay. Historical queries for those blocks
-/// must then be served from `RocksDB` changesets.
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn test_rocksdb_historical_account_queries() -> Result<()> {
-    reth_tracing::init_test_tracing();
-
-    let chain_spec = test_chain_spec();
-    let chain_id = chain_spec.chain().id();
-
-    let (mut nodes, _) = E2ETestSetupBuilder::<EthereumNode, _>::new(
-        1,
-        chain_spec.clone(),
-        test_attributes_generator,
-    )
-    .with_storage_v2()
-    .with_tree_config_modifier(|config| config.with_persistence_threshold(0))
-    .build()
-    .await?;
-
-    assert_eq!(nodes.len(), 1);
-
-    let wallets = wallet::Wallet::new(1).with_chain_id(chain_id).wallet_gen();
-    let signer = wallets[0].clone();
-    let sender: Address = signer.address();
-    let client = nodes[0].rpc_client().expect("RPC client");
-
-    // Query the sender's balance and nonce at genesis (block 0)
-    let genesis_balance: U256 = client.request("eth_getBalance", (sender, "0x0")).await?;
-    let genesis_nonce: U256 = client.request("eth_getTransactionCount", (sender, "0x0")).await?;
-    assert!(genesis_balance > U256::ZERO, "Sender should have genesis balance");
-    assert_eq!(genesis_nonce, U256::ZERO, "Sender nonce should be 0 at genesis");
-
-    // Mine block 1 with a transfer (nonce 0)
-    let raw_tx1 =
-        TransactionTestContext::transfer_tx_bytes_with_nonce(chain_id, signer.clone(), 0).await;
-    let tx_hash1 = nodes[0].rpc.inject_tx(raw_tx1).await?;
-    wait_for_pending_tx(&client, tx_hash1).await;
-
-    let payload1 = nodes[0].advance_block().await?;
-    assert_eq!(payload1.block().number(), 1);
-    poll_tx_in_rocksdb(&nodes[0].inner.provider, tx_hash1).await;
-
-    // Record state after block 1
-    let balance_at_1: U256 = client.request("eth_getBalance", (sender, "0x1")).await?;
-    let nonce_at_1: U256 = client.request("eth_getTransactionCount", (sender, "0x1")).await?;
-    assert!(balance_at_1 < genesis_balance, "Balance should decrease after transfer + gas");
-    assert_eq!(nonce_at_1, U256::from(1), "Nonce should be 1 after first tx");
-
-    // Mine block 2 with another transfer (nonce 1)
-    let raw_tx2 =
-        TransactionTestContext::transfer_tx_bytes_with_nonce(chain_id, signer.clone(), 1).await;
-    let tx_hash2 = nodes[0].rpc.inject_tx(raw_tx2).await?;
-    wait_for_pending_tx(&client, tx_hash2).await;
-
-    let payload2 = nodes[0].advance_block().await?;
-    assert_eq!(payload2.block().number(), 2);
-    poll_tx_in_rocksdb(&nodes[0].inner.provider, tx_hash2).await;
-
-    let balance_at_2: U256 = client.request("eth_getBalance", (sender, "0x2")).await?;
-    let nonce_at_2: U256 = client.request("eth_getTransactionCount", (sender, "0x2")).await?;
-    assert!(balance_at_2 < balance_at_1, "Balance should decrease further after second tx");
-    assert_eq!(nonce_at_2, U256::from(2), "Nonce should be 2 after second tx");
-
-    // Mine block 3 with a third transfer (nonce 2)
-    let raw_tx3 =
-        TransactionTestContext::transfer_tx_bytes_with_nonce(chain_id, signer.clone(), 2).await;
-    let tx_hash3 = nodes[0].rpc.inject_tx(raw_tx3).await?;
-    wait_for_pending_tx(&client, tx_hash3).await;
-
-    let payload3 = nodes[0].advance_block().await?;
-    assert_eq!(payload3.block().number(), 3);
-    poll_tx_in_rocksdb(&nodes[0].inner.provider, tx_hash3).await;
-
-    let balance_at_3: U256 = client.request("eth_getBalance", (sender, "0x3")).await?;
-    let nonce_at_3: U256 = client.request("eth_getTransactionCount", (sender, "0x3")).await?;
-    assert!(balance_at_3 < balance_at_2, "Balance should decrease further after third tx");
-    assert_eq!(nonce_at_3, U256::from(3), "Nonce should be 3 after third tx");
-
-    // Mine additional blocks to push blocks 1-3 out of the in-memory overlay.
-    // With persistence_threshold=0 and memory_block_buffer_target=0, each new block
-    // triggers persistence up to `head` followed by in-memory eviction. Mining several
-    // more blocks ensures the engine loop has completed at least one full
-    // persist-then-evict cycle covering blocks 1-3.
-    // Each block needs a transaction because the payload builder requires non-empty payloads.
-    for nonce in 3..8u64 {
-        let raw_tx =
-            TransactionTestContext::transfer_tx_bytes_with_nonce(chain_id, signer.clone(), nonce)
-                .await;
-        let tx_hash = nodes[0].rpc.inject_tx(raw_tx).await?;
-        wait_for_pending_tx(&client, tx_hash).await;
-        nodes[0].advance_block().await?;
-    }
-    // Allow the engine loop to process the persistence completions
-    tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;
-
-    // Historical queries — blocks 1-3 should now be served from the database.
-    let hist_balance_0: U256 = client.request("eth_getBalance", (sender, "0x0")).await?;
-    let hist_nonce_0: U256 = client.request("eth_getTransactionCount", (sender, "0x0")).await?;
-    assert_eq!(
-        hist_balance_0, genesis_balance,
-        "Historical balance at block 0 should match genesis"
-    );
-    assert_eq!(hist_nonce_0, U256::ZERO, "Historical nonce at block 0 should be 0");
-
-    let hist_balance_1: U256 = client.request("eth_getBalance", (sender, "0x1")).await?;
-    let hist_nonce_1: U256 = client.request("eth_getTransactionCount", (sender, "0x1")).await?;
-    assert_eq!(hist_balance_1, balance_at_1, "Historical balance at block 1 should match");
-    assert_eq!(hist_nonce_1, U256::from(1), "Historical nonce at block 1 should be 1");
-
-    let hist_balance_2: U256 = client.request("eth_getBalance", (sender, "0x2")).await?;
-    let hist_nonce_2: U256 = client.request("eth_getTransactionCount", (sender, "0x2")).await?;
-    assert_eq!(hist_balance_2, balance_at_2, "Historical balance at block 2 should match");
-    assert_eq!(hist_nonce_2, U256::from(2), "Historical nonce at block 2 should be 2");
-
-    let hist_balance_3: U256 = client.request("eth_getBalance", (sender, "0x3")).await?;
-    let hist_nonce_3: U256 = client.request("eth_getTransactionCount", (sender, "0x3")).await?;
-    assert_eq!(hist_balance_3, balance_at_3, "Historical balance at block 3 should match");
-    assert_eq!(hist_nonce_3, U256::from(3), "Historical nonce at block 3 should be 3");
-
-    // "latest" should still match head
-    let latest_balance: U256 = client.request("eth_getBalance", (sender, "latest")).await?;
-    let latest_nonce: U256 = client.request("eth_getTransactionCount", (sender, "latest")).await?;
-    assert_eq!(
-        latest_nonce,
-        U256::from(8),
-        "Latest nonce should be 8 (3 original + 5 extra blocks)"
-    );
-    assert!(latest_balance < balance_at_3, "Latest balance should be less than block 3 balance");
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Reproduces the race condition between `save_blocks` and `RocksDB` pruning described in
-/// <https://github.com/paradigmxyz/reth/pull/23081>.
-///
-/// Both `save_blocks` and the pruner push to `pending_rocksdb_batches` before a single
-/// `commit()`. The pruner reads committed (stale) state that doesn't include `save_blocks`'
-/// new entry, filters it, and pushes its own batch. On commit the pruner's batch overwrites
-/// `save_blocks`' batch for the same `ShardedKey(addr, u64::MAX)`. Every cycle the new
-/// block's history entry is silently lost. After enough cycles the shard is completely empty.
-///
-/// This test mines blocks with account-history pruning (`block_interval=1`,
-/// `minimum_distance=5`), waits for persistence, then reads the `AccountsHistory` shard
-/// directly from `RocksDB`. Without the fix the shard is empty — all entries were
-/// overwritten by the pruner's stale batches. With the fix, entries for the most recent
-/// blocks survive.
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn test_rocksdb_account_history_pruning() -> Result<()> {
-    reth_tracing::init_test_tracing();
-
-    let chain_spec = test_chain_spec();
-    let chain_id = chain_spec.chain().id();
-
-    const PRUNE_DISTANCE: u64 = 5;
-    const TOTAL_BLOCKS: u64 = 20;
-
-    let (mut nodes, _) = E2ETestSetupBuilder::<EthereumNode, _>::new(
-        1,
-        chain_spec.clone(),
-        test_attributes_generator,
-    )
-    .with_storage_v2()
-    .with_tree_config_modifier(|config| config.with_persistence_threshold(0))
-    .with_node_config_modifier(|mut config| {
-        config.pruning.account_history_distance = Some(PRUNE_DISTANCE);
-        config.pruning.minimum_distance = Some(PRUNE_DISTANCE);
-        config.pruning.block_interval = Some(1);
-        config
-    })
-    .build()
-    .await?;
-
-    assert_eq!(nodes.len(), 1);
-
-    let wallets = wallet::Wallet::new(1).with_chain_id(chain_id).wallet_gen();
-    let signer = wallets[0].clone();
-    let sender: Address = signer.address();
-    let client = nodes[0].rpc_client().expect("RPC client");
-
-    // Mine blocks one at a time with a delay so each save_blocks + pruner cycle
-    // completes independently. The race fires every cycle (the pruner reads stale
-    // committed state that doesn't include save_blocks' pending batch), but processing
-    // one block at a time makes the outcome deterministic.
-    let mut last_tx_hash = B256::ZERO;
-    for nonce in 0..TOTAL_BLOCKS {
-        let raw_tx =
-            TransactionTestContext::transfer_tx_bytes_with_nonce(chain_id, signer.clone(), nonce)
-                .await;
-        let tx_hash = nodes[0].rpc.inject_tx(raw_tx).await?;
-        wait_for_pending_tx(&client, tx_hash).await;
-
-        let payload = nodes[0].advance_block().await?;
-        assert_eq!(payload.block().number(), nonce + 1);
-        last_tx_hash = tx_hash;
-
-        // Let the persistence cycle (save_blocks → pruner → commit) complete before
-        // producing the next block, so each cycle processes exactly one block.
-        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(300)).await;
-    }
-
-    // Wait for the last block to be fully persisted to RocksDB.
-    poll_tx_in_rocksdb(&nodes[0].inner.provider, last_tx_hash).await;
-
-    // Read the AccountsHistory shard for `sender` directly from RocksDB.
-    // This is the data structure corrupted by the race.
-    let rocksdb = nodes[0].inner.provider.rocksdb_provider();
-    let shards = rocksdb.account_history_shards(sender).unwrap();
-    let all_entries: Vec<u64> = shards.iter().flat_map(|(_, list)| list.iter()).collect();
-
-    // The sender has a transfer in every block, so the shard should contain an entry
-    // for every block in the retention window: (TOTAL_BLOCKS - PRUNE_DISTANCE, TOTAL_BLOCKS].
-    //
-    // Without the fix: the pruner reads stale committed state each cycle, overwrites
-    // save_blocks' entry, and only the very last block survives (no subsequent pruner
-    // cycle to overwrite it). The shard ends up as just [TOTAL_BLOCKS].
-    //
-    // With the fix: save_blocks' batch is committed before the pruner reads, so the
-    // pruner sees the new entry and preserves it. All retained blocks are present.
-    let expected: Vec<u64> = ((TOTAL_BLOCKS - PRUNE_DISTANCE + 1)..=TOTAL_BLOCKS).collect();
-    assert_eq!(
-        all_entries, expected,
-        "AccountsHistory shard for sender doesn't match expected retention window. \
-         Expected {expected:?}, got {all_entries:?}. \
-         The pruner's stale batch overwrote save_blocks' entries \
-         (save_blocks/pruner race, see PR #23081)."
-    );
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Mirrors [`test_rocksdb_account_history_pruning`] for the `StoragesHistory` table.
-///
-/// The same race condition between `save_blocks` and the pruner that affects
-/// `AccountsHistory` also affects `StoragesHistory`:
-///   - `write_storage_history` reads committed `RocksDB` state and pushes a batch.
-///   - `prune_storage_history_batch` also reads stale committed state and pushes its own batch.
-///   - On a single `commit()`, the pruner's batch overwrites `save_blocks`' batch for the same
-///     `StorageShardedKey(addr, slot, u64::MAX)`.
-///
-/// This test deploys a minimal contract that writes to storage slot 0 each block,
-/// then verifies that `StoragesHistory` contains entries for the full retention
-/// window. Without the fix the shard would be truncated — new entries silently
-/// lost every cycle.
-#[tokio::test]
-async fn test_rocksdb_storage_history_pruning() -> Result<()> {
-    reth_tracing::init_test_tracing();
-
-    let chain_spec = test_chain_spec();
-    let chain_id = chain_spec.chain().id();
-
-    const PRUNE_DISTANCE: u64 = 5;
-    const TOTAL_BLOCKS: u64 = 20;
-
-    let (mut nodes, _) = E2ETestSetupBuilder::<EthereumNode, _>::new(
-        1,
-        chain_spec.clone(),
-        test_attributes_generator,
-    )
-    .with_storage_v2()
-    .with_tree_config_modifier(|config| config.with_persistence_threshold(0))
-    .with_node_config_modifier(|mut config| {
-        config.pruning.storage_history_distance = Some(PRUNE_DISTANCE);
-        config.pruning.minimum_distance = Some(PRUNE_DISTANCE);
-        config.pruning.block_interval = Some(1);
-        config
-    })
-    .build()
-    .await?;
-
-    assert_eq!(nodes.len(), 1);
-
-    let wallets = wallet::Wallet::new(1).with_chain_id(chain_id).wallet_gen();
-    let signer = wallets[0].clone();
-    let client = nodes[0].rpc_client().expect("RPC client");
-
-    // Deploy a minimal contract that stores CALLDATA[0..32] into slot 0:
-    //   PUSH0         ; [0]
-    //   CALLDATALOAD  ; [calldata[0..32]]
-    //   PUSH0         ; [0, calldata[0..32]]
-    //   SSTORE        ; sstore(0, calldata[0..32])
-    //   STOP
-    // Bytecode: 5f355f5500
-    //
-    // Init code that deploys this runtime:
-    //   PUSH5 5f355f5500   ; push 5-byte runtime
-    //   PUSH0              ; offset 0 in memory
-    //   MSTORE             ; store at mem[0..32] (right-padded in 32 bytes)
-    //   PUSH1 0x05         ; size = 5
-    //   PUSH1 0x1b         ; offset = 27 (32 - 5)
-    //   PUSH0              ; destOffset = 0
-    //   CODECOPY           ; copy runtime to mem[0..5]
-    //   PUSH1 0x05         ; size = 5
-    //   PUSH0              ; offset = 0
-    //   RETURN             ; return mem[0..5]
-    //
-    // We can simplify: just use PUSH + MSTORE + RETURN pattern.
-    // Init code (hex):
-    //   645f355f5500  PUSH5 runtime_bytecode
-    //   5f            PUSH0 (memory offset for MSTORE, stores at 27..32)
-    //   52            MSTORE
-    //   6005          PUSH1 5 (size)
-    //   601b          PUSH1 27 (offset = 32-5)
-    //   f3            RETURN
-    let init_code = Bytes::from_static(&[
-        0x64, 0x5f, 0x35, 0x5f, 0x55, 0x00, // PUSH5 runtime
-        0x5f, // PUSH0
-        0x52, // MSTORE
-        0x60, 0x05, // PUSH1 5
-        0x60, 0x1b, // PUSH1 27
-        0xf3, // RETURN
-    ]);
-
-    // Deploy in block 1 (nonce 0)
-    let deploy_tx = TransactionRequest {
-        nonce: Some(0),
-        value: Some(U256::ZERO),
-        to: Some(TxKind::Create),
-        gas: Some(100_000),
-        max_fee_per_gas: Some(1000e9 as u128),
-        max_priority_fee_per_gas: Some(20e9 as u128),
-        chain_id: Some(chain_id),
-        input: TransactionInput { input: None, data: Some(init_code) },
-        ..Default::default()
-    };
-    let signed_deploy = TransactionTestContext::sign_tx(signer.clone(), deploy_tx).await;
-    let deploy_bytes: Bytes = signed_deploy.encoded_2718().into();
-    let deploy_hash = nodes[0].rpc.inject_tx(deploy_bytes).await?;
-    wait_for_pending_tx(&client, deploy_hash).await;
-
-    let payload1 = nodes[0].advance_block().await?;
-    assert_eq!(payload1.block().number(), 1);
-    poll_tx_in_rocksdb(&nodes[0].inner.provider, deploy_hash).await;
-
-    // Let the persistence cycle complete before the next block (same cadence as the loop below)
-    tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(300)).await;
-
-    // Get the deployed contract address from the receipt
-    let receipt: Option<TransactionReceipt> =
-        client.request("eth_getTransactionReceipt", [deploy_hash]).await?;
-    let contract_address = receipt
-        .expect("deploy receipt should exist")
-        .contract_address
-        .expect("deploy should create a contract");
-
-    // Sanity check: verify the runtime bytecode is what we expect
-    let code: Bytes = client.request("eth_getCode", (contract_address, "latest")).await?;
-    assert_eq!(
-        code,
-        Bytes::from_static(&[0x5f, 0x35, 0x5f, 0x55, 0x00]),
-        "Deployed runtime should be PUSH0 CALLDATALOAD PUSH0 SSTORE STOP"
-    );
-
-    // The storage slot we track: slot 0, encoded as B256
-    let storage_slot = B256::ZERO;
-
-    // Mine TOTAL_BLOCKS - 1 more blocks (block 2..=TOTAL_BLOCKS), each calling the
-    // contract to write a new value to slot 0. This creates a storage changeset entry
-    // per block for (contract_address, slot 0).
-    let mut last_tx_hash = deploy_hash;
-    for nonce in 1..TOTAL_BLOCKS {
-        // calldata = abi encode the block number so each write is unique
-        let block_num = nonce + 1;
-        let calldata = B256::from(U256::from(block_num));
-
-        let call_tx = TransactionRequest {
-            nonce: Some(nonce),
-            value: Some(U256::ZERO),
-            to: Some(TxKind::Call(contract_address)),
-            gas: Some(50_000),
-            max_fee_per_gas: Some(1000e9 as u128),
-            max_priority_fee_per_gas: Some(20e9 as u128),
-            chain_id: Some(chain_id),
-            input: TransactionInput { input: None, data: Some(Bytes::from(calldata.0)) },
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let signed_call = TransactionTestContext::sign_tx(signer.clone(), call_tx).await;
-        let call_bytes: Bytes = signed_call.encoded_2718().into();
-        let tx_hash = nodes[0].rpc.inject_tx(call_bytes).await?;
-        wait_for_pending_tx(&client, tx_hash).await;
-
-        let payload = nodes[0].advance_block().await?;
-        assert_eq!(payload.block().number(), block_num);
-        last_tx_hash = tx_hash;
-
-        // Let the persistence cycle complete before the next block
-        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(300)).await;
-    }
-
-    // Wait for the last block to be fully persisted to RocksDB
-    poll_tx_in_rocksdb(&nodes[0].inner.provider, last_tx_hash).await;
-
-    // Read StoragesHistory shard for (contract_address, slot 0) directly from RocksDB
-    let rocksdb = nodes[0].inner.provider.rocksdb_provider();
-    let shards = rocksdb.storage_history_shards(contract_address, storage_slot).unwrap();
-    let all_entries: Vec<u64> = shards.iter().flat_map(|(_, list)| list.iter()).collect();
-
-    // The contract has a storage write in blocks 2..=TOTAL_BLOCKS (the deploy in block 1
-    // only executes init code — no SSTORE — so block 1 has no StoragesHistory entry for
-    // slot 0). With pruning distance=5, the retention window should be
-    // (TOTAL_BLOCKS - PRUNE_DISTANCE, TOTAL_BLOCKS] = blocks 16..=20.
-    //
-    // Without the fix: the pruner overwrites save_blocks' entries each cycle,
-    // leaving only the very last block (or empty).
-    //
-    // With the fix: all blocks in the retention window are present.
-    let expected: Vec<u64> = ((TOTAL_BLOCKS - PRUNE_DISTANCE + 1)..=TOTAL_BLOCKS).collect();
-    assert_eq!(
-        all_entries, expected,
-        "StoragesHistory shard for contract slot 0 doesn't match expected retention window. \
-         Expected {expected:?}, got {all_entries:?}. \
-         The pruner's stale batch overwrote save_blocks' entries \
-         (save_blocks/pruner race for StorageHistory, see PR #23081)."
-    );
-
-    Ok(())
-}

crates/engine/local/src/payload.rs

@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ where
                 .chain_spec
                 .is_cancun_active_at_timestamp(timestamp)
                 .then(B256::random),
-            slot_number: None,
         }
     }
 }

crates/engine/primitives/src/config.rs

@@ -146,22 +146,13 @@ pub struct TreeConfig {
     slow_block_threshold: Option<Duration>,
     /// Whether to fully disable sparse trie cache pruning between blocks.
     disable_sparse_trie_cache_pruning: bool,
+    /// Whether to use the arena-based sparse trie implementation.
+    enable_arena_sparse_trie: bool,
     /// Timeout for the state root task before spawning a sequential fallback computation.
     /// If `Some`, after waiting this duration for the state root task, a sequential state root
     /// computation is spawned in parallel and whichever finishes first is used.
     /// If `None`, the timeout fallback is disabled.
     state_root_task_timeout: Option<Duration>,
-    /// Whether to disable BAL (Block Access List, EIP-7928) based parallel execution.
-    /// When disabled, falls back to transaction-based prewarming even when a BAL is available.
-    disable_bal_parallel_execution: bool,
-    /// Whether to disable BAL-driven parallel state root computation.
-    /// When disabled, the BAL hashed post state is not sent to the multiproof task for
-    /// early parallel state root computation.
-    disable_bal_parallel_state_root: bool,
-    /// Whether to disable BAL (Block Access List) batched IO during prewarming.
-    /// When disabled, falls back to individual per-slot storage reads instead of
-    /// batched cursor reads via `storage_range`.
-    disable_bal_batch_io: bool,
     /// Maximum random jitter applied before each proof computation (trie-debug only).
     /// When set, each proof worker sleeps for a random duration up to this value
     /// before starting a proof calculation.
@@ -196,10 +187,8 @@ impl Default for TreeConfig {
             sparse_trie_max_hot_accounts: DEFAULT_SPARSE_TRIE_MAX_HOT_ACCOUNTS,
             slow_block_threshold: None,
             disable_sparse_trie_cache_pruning: false,
+            enable_arena_sparse_trie: false,
             state_root_task_timeout: Some(DEFAULT_STATE_ROOT_TASK_TIMEOUT),
-            disable_bal_parallel_execution: false,
-            disable_bal_parallel_state_root: false,
-            disable_bal_batch_io: false,
             #[cfg(feature = "trie-debug")]
             proof_jitter: None,
         }
@@ -260,10 +249,8 @@ impl TreeConfig {
             sparse_trie_max_hot_accounts,
             slow_block_threshold,
             disable_sparse_trie_cache_pruning: false,
+            enable_arena_sparse_trie: false,
             state_root_task_timeout,
-            disable_bal_parallel_execution: false,
-            disable_bal_parallel_state_root: false,
-            disable_bal_batch_io: false,
             #[cfg(feature = "trie-debug")]
             proof_jitter: None,
         }
@@ -565,6 +552,17 @@ impl TreeConfig {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Returns whether the arena-based sparse trie is enabled.
+    pub const fn enable_arena_sparse_trie(&self) -> bool {
+        self.enable_arena_sparse_trie
+    }
+
+    /// Setter for whether to enable the arena-based sparse trie.
+    pub const fn with_enable_arena_sparse_trie(mut self, value: bool) -> Self {
+        self.enable_arena_sparse_trie = value;
+        self
+    }
+
     /// Returns the state root task timeout.
     pub const fn state_root_task_timeout(&self) -> Option<Duration> {
         self.state_root_task_timeout
@@ -576,34 +574,6 @@ impl TreeConfig {
         self
     }
 
-    /// Returns whether BAL-based parallel execution is disabled.
-    pub const fn disable_bal_parallel_execution(&self) -> bool {
-        self.disable_bal_parallel_execution
-    }
-
-    /// Setter for whether to disable BAL-based parallel execution.
-    pub const fn without_bal_parallel_execution(
-        mut self,
-        disable_bal_parallel_execution: bool,
-    ) -> Self {
-        self.disable_bal_parallel_execution = disable_bal_parallel_execution;
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Returns whether BAL-driven parallel state root computation is disabled.
-    pub const fn disable_bal_parallel_state_root(&self) -> bool {
-        self.disable_bal_parallel_state_root
-    }
-
-    /// Setter for whether to disable BAL-driven parallel state root computation.
-    pub const fn without_bal_parallel_state_root(
-        mut self,
-        disable_bal_parallel_state_root: bool,
-    ) -> Self {
-        self.disable_bal_parallel_state_root = disable_bal_parallel_state_root;
-        self
-    }
-
     /// Returns the proof jitter duration, if configured (trie-debug only).
     #[cfg(feature = "trie-debug")]
     pub const fn proof_jitter(&self) -> Option<Duration> {
@@ -616,15 +586,4 @@ impl TreeConfig {
         self.proof_jitter = proof_jitter;
         self
     }
-
-    /// Returns whether BAL batched IO is disabled.
-    pub const fn disable_bal_batch_io(&self) -> bool {
-        self.disable_bal_batch_io
-    }
-
-    /// Setter for whether to disable BAL batched IO.
-    pub const fn without_bal_batch_io(mut self, disable_bal_batch_io: bool) -> Self {
-        self.disable_bal_batch_io = disable_bal_batch_io;
-        self
-    }
 }

crates/engine/primitives/src/message.rs

@@ -149,17 +149,12 @@ pub struct NewPayloadTimings {
     /// Server-side execution latency.
     pub latency: Duration,
     /// Time spent waiting for persistence to complete.
-    ///
-    /// `None` when wasn't asked to wait for persistence.
+    /// `None` when no persistence was in-flight.
     pub persistence_wait: Option<Duration>,
     /// Time spent waiting for the execution cache lock.
-    ///
-    /// `None` when wasn't asked to wait for execution cache.
-    pub execution_cache_wait: Option<Duration>,
-    /// Time spent waiting for the sparse trie cache lock.
-    ///
-    /// `None` when wasn't asked to wait for sparse trie cache.
-    pub sparse_trie_wait: Option<Duration>,
+    pub execution_cache_wait: Duration,
+    /// Time spent waiting for the sparse trie lock.
+    pub sparse_trie_wait: Duration,
 }
 
 /// A message for the beacon engine from other components of the node (engine RPC API invoked by the
@@ -175,17 +170,11 @@ pub enum BeaconEngineMessage<Payload: PayloadTypes> {
     },
     /// Message with new payload used by `reth_newPayload` endpoint.
     ///
-    /// Supports independent control over waiting for persistence and cache locks before
-    /// processing, providing unbiased timing measurements when enabled.
-    ///
-    /// Returns detailed timing breakdown alongside the payload status.
+    /// Waits for persistence, execution cache, and sparse trie locks before processing,
+    /// and returns detailed timing breakdown alongside the payload status.
     RethNewPayload {
         /// The execution payload received by Engine API.
         payload: Payload::ExecutionData,
-        /// Whether to wait for in-flight persistence to complete before processing.
-        wait_for_persistence: bool,
-        /// Whether to wait for execution cache and sparse trie locks before processing.
-        wait_for_caches: bool,
         /// The sender for returning payload status result and timing breakdown.
         tx: oneshot::Sender<Result<(PayloadStatus, NewPayloadTimings), BeaconOnNewPayloadError>>,
     },
@@ -270,23 +259,14 @@ where
 
     /// Sends a new payload message used by `reth_newPayload` endpoint.
     ///
-    /// `wait_for_persistence`: waits for in-flight persistence to complete.
-    /// `wait_for_caches`: waits for execution cache and sparse trie locks.
-    ///
-    /// Returns detailed timing breakdown alongside the payload status.
+    /// Waits for persistence, execution cache, and sparse trie locks before processing,
+    /// and returns detailed timing breakdown alongside the payload status.
     pub async fn reth_new_payload(
         &self,
         payload: Payload::ExecutionData,
-        wait_for_persistence: bool,
-        wait_for_caches: bool,
     ) -> Result<(PayloadStatus, NewPayloadTimings), BeaconOnNewPayloadError> {
         let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
-        let _ = self.to_engine.send(BeaconEngineMessage::RethNewPayload {
-            payload,
-            wait_for_persistence,
-            wait_for_caches,
-            tx,
-        });
+        let _ = self.to_engine.send(BeaconEngineMessage::RethNewPayload { payload, tx });
         rx.await.map_err(|_| BeaconOnNewPayloadError::EngineUnavailable)?
     }
 

crates/engine/tree/Cargo.toml

@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@ metrics.workspace = true
 reth-metrics = { workspace = true, features = ["common"] }
 
 # misc
-itertools.workspace = true
 schnellru.workspace = true
 rayon.workspace = true
 tracing.workspace = true

crates/engine/tree/src/persistence.rs

@@ -177,25 +177,18 @@ where
                 }
             }
 
-            provider_rw.commit()?;
-            debug!(target: "engine::persistence", first=?first_block, last=?last_block, "Saved range of blocks");
-
-            // Run the pruner in a separate provider so it reads committed RocksDB state
-            // that includes the history entries written by save_blocks above.
-            //
-            // The pruner reads the indices from rocksdb, filters it, and writes to indices, so it
-            // must be able to read anything written by save_blocks.
             if self.pruner.is_pruning_needed(last.number) {
                 debug!(target: "engine::persistence", block_num=?last.number, "Running pruner");
                 let prune_start = Instant::now();
-                let provider_rw = self.provider.database_provider_rw()?;
                 let _ = self.pruner.run_with_provider(&provider_rw, last.number)?;
-                provider_rw.commit()?;
-                debug!(target: "engine::persistence", tip=?last.number, "Finished pruning after saving blocks");
                 self.metrics.prune_before_duration_seconds.record(prune_start.elapsed());
             }
+
+            provider_rw.commit()?;
         }
 
+        debug!(target: "engine::persistence", first=?first_block, last=?last_block, "Saved range of blocks");
+
         let elapsed = start_time.elapsed();
         self.metrics.save_blocks_batch_size.record(block_count as f64);
         self.metrics.save_blocks_duration_seconds.record(elapsed);
@@ -461,52 +454,4 @@ mod tests {
             assert_eq!(last_hash, result.last_block.unwrap().hash);
         }
     }
-
-    /// Verifies that committing `save_blocks` history before running the pruner
-    /// prevents the pruner from overwriting new entries.
-    ///
-    /// Previously, both `save_blocks` and the pruner pushed `RocksDB` batches before
-    /// a single commit. Both read committed state, so the pruner didn't see the
-    /// new entries and its batch overwrote them. The fix commits `save_blocks`
-    /// first, then runs the pruner against committed state in a separate provider.
-    #[test]
-    fn test_save_blocks_then_prune_preserves_new_history() {
-        use reth_db::{models::ShardedKey, tables, BlockNumberList};
-        use reth_provider::RocksDBProviderFactory;
-
-        reth_tracing::init_test_tracing();
-
-        let provider_factory = create_test_provider_factory();
-        let tracked_addr = alloy_primitives::Address::from([0xBE; 20]);
-
-        // Phase 1: Establish baseline history for blocks 0..20.
-        let rocksdb = provider_factory.rocksdb_provider();
-        {
-            let mut batch = rocksdb.batch();
-            let initial_blocks: Vec<u64> = (0..20).collect();
-            let shard = BlockNumberList::new_pre_sorted(initial_blocks.iter().copied());
-            batch
-                .put::<tables::AccountsHistory>(ShardedKey::new(tracked_addr, u64::MAX), &shard)
-                .unwrap();
-            batch.commit().unwrap();
-        }
-
-        // Phase 2: Simulate the fixed on_save_blocks flow.
-        // Step 1: save_blocks appends new entries 20..25 and commits immediately.
-        let mut batch1 = rocksdb.batch();
-        batch1.append_account_history_shard(tracked_addr, 20..25u64).unwrap();
-        batch1.commit().unwrap();
-
-        // Step 2: Pruner runs AFTER commit, so it reads state that includes 20..25.
-        // Prunes entries ≤ 14, leaving [15..25).
-        let mut batch2 = rocksdb.batch();
-        batch2.prune_account_history_to(tracked_addr, 14).unwrap();
-        batch2.commit().unwrap();
-
-        // Verify new entries survived pruning.
-        let shards = rocksdb.account_history_shards(tracked_addr).unwrap();
-        let entries: Vec<u64> = shards.iter().flat_map(|(_, list)| list.iter()).collect();
-        let expected: Vec<u64> = (15..25).collect();
-        assert_eq!(entries, expected, "new entries 20..25 must survive pruning");
-    }
 }

crates/engine/tree/src/tree/cached_state.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use alloy_primitives::{
 use fixed_cache::{AnyRef, CacheConfig, Stats, StatsHandler};
 use metrics::{Counter, Gauge, Histogram};
 use parking_lot::Once;
-use reth_errors::{ProviderError, ProviderResult};
+use reth_errors::ProviderResult;
 use reth_metrics::Metrics;
 use reth_primitives_traits::{Account, Bytecode};
 use reth_provider::{
@@ -466,55 +466,6 @@ impl<S: StateProvider, const PREWARM: bool> StateProvider for CachedStateProvide
             self.state_provider.storage(account, storage_key)
         }
     }
-
-    fn storage_range(
-        &self,
-        account: Address,
-        keys: &[StorageKey],
-    ) -> ProviderResult<Vec<(StorageKey, StorageValue)>> {
-        let mut uncached_keys = Vec::new();
-        let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(keys.len());
-
-        for &key in keys {
-            if let Some(value) = self.caches.get_storage(account, key) {
-                if !value.is_zero() {
-                    result.push((key, value));
-                }
-            } else {
-                uncached_keys.push(key);
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Batch-fetch all uncached keys from the inner provider
-        if !uncached_keys.is_empty() {
-            let mut fetched = self.state_provider.storage_range(account, &uncached_keys)?;
-            // Sort by raw key to align with uncached_keys for the merge-join below.
-            // The inner provider may return results in a different order (e.g. hashed state
-            // iterates by hashed slot).
-            fetched.sort_unstable_by_key(|(k, _)| *k);
-            // Merge-join to find zero slots without allocating a HashSet.
-            let mut fetched_iter = fetched.iter();
-            let mut next = fetched_iter.next();
-            for &key in &uncached_keys {
-                if let Some(&(fk, fv)) = next &&
-                    fk == key
-                {
-                    let _ = self.caches.get_or_try_insert_storage_with(account, key, || {
-                        Ok::<_, ProviderError>(fv)
-                    });
-                    result.push((key, fv));
-                    next = fetched_iter.next();
-                    continue;
-                }
-                // key not returned by inner provider → zero slot
-                let _ = self.caches.get_or_try_insert_storage_with(account, key, || {
-                    Ok::<_, ProviderError>(StorageValue::ZERO)
-                });
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(result)
-    }
 }
 
 impl<S: BytecodeReader, const PREWARM: bool> BytecodeReader for CachedStateProvider<S, PREWARM> {
@@ -805,11 +756,6 @@ impl ExecutionCache {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Returns a cached storage value if present, without inserting.
-    pub fn get_storage(&self, address: Address, key: StorageKey) -> Option<StorageValue> {
-        self.0.storage_cache.get(&(address, key))
-    }
-
     /// Insert storage value into cache.
     pub fn insert_storage(&self, address: Address, key: StorageKey, value: Option<StorageValue>) {
         self.0.storage_cache.insert((address, key), value.unwrap_or_default());

crates/engine/tree/src/tree/mod.rs

@@ -791,10 +791,15 @@ where
         // If the canonical chain is ahead of the new chain,
         // gather all blocks until new head number.
         while current_canonical_number > current_number {
-            let block = self.canonical_block_by_hash(old_hash)?;
-            old_hash = block.recovered_block().parent_hash();
-            old_chain.push(block);
-            current_canonical_number -= 1;
+            if let Some(block) = self.canonical_block_by_hash(old_hash)? {
+                old_hash = block.recovered_block().parent_hash();
+                old_chain.push(block);
+                current_canonical_number -= 1;
+            } else {
+                // This shouldn't happen as we're walking back the canonical chain
+                warn!(target: "engine::tree", current_hash=?old_hash, "Canonical block not found in TreeState");
+                return Ok(None)
+            }
         }
 
         // Both new and old chain pointers are now at the same height.
@@ -803,9 +808,14 @@ where
         // Walk both chains from specified hashes at same height until
         // a common ancestor (fork block) is reached.
         while old_hash != current_hash {
-            let block = self.canonical_block_by_hash(old_hash)?;
-            old_hash = block.recovered_block().parent_hash();
-            old_chain.push(block);
+            if let Some(block) = self.canonical_block_by_hash(old_hash)? {
+                old_hash = block.recovered_block().parent_hash();
+                old_chain.push(block);
+            } else {
+                // This shouldn't happen as we're walking back the canonical chain
+                warn!(target: "engine::tree", current_hash=?old_hash, "Canonical block not found in TreeState");
+                return Ok(None)
+            }
 
             if let Some(block) = self.state.tree_state.executed_block_by_hash(current_hash).cloned()
             {
@@ -932,22 +942,36 @@ where
         let new_head_hash = canonical_header.hash();
         let new_head_number = canonical_header.number();
 
-        // Load the canonical ancestor's block
-        let executed_block = self.canonical_block_by_hash(new_head_hash)?;
-        // Perform the reorg to properly handle the unwind
-        self.canonical_in_memory_state
-            .update_chain(NewCanonicalChain::Reorg { new: vec![executed_block], old: old_blocks });
+        // Try to load the canonical ancestor's block
+        match self.canonical_block_by_hash(new_head_hash)? {
+            Some(executed_block) => {
+                // Perform the reorg to properly handle the unwind
+                self.canonical_in_memory_state.update_chain(NewCanonicalChain::Reorg {
+                    new: vec![executed_block],
+                    old: old_blocks,
+                });
 
-        // CRITICAL: Update the canonical head after the reorg
-        // This ensures get_canonical_head() returns the correct block
-        self.canonical_in_memory_state.set_canonical_head(canonical_header.clone());
+                // CRITICAL: Update the canonical head after the reorg
+                // This ensures get_canonical_head() returns the correct block
+                self.canonical_in_memory_state.set_canonical_head(canonical_header.clone());
 
-        debug!(
-            target: "engine::tree",
-            block_number = new_head_number,
-            block_hash = ?new_head_hash,
-            "Successfully loaded canonical ancestor into memory via reorg"
-        );
+                debug!(
+                    target: "engine::tree",
+                    block_number = new_head_number,
+                    block_hash = ?new_head_hash,
+                    "Successfully loaded canonical ancestor into memory via reorg"
+                );
+            }
+            None => {
+                // Fallback: update header only if block cannot be found
+                warn!(
+                    target: "engine::tree",
+                    block_hash = ?new_head_hash,
+                    "Could not find canonical ancestor block, updating header only"
+                );
+                self.canonical_in_memory_state.set_canonical_head(canonical_header.clone());
+            }
+        }
 
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -973,17 +997,18 @@ where
             return Ok(());
         }
 
-        // Load the block from storage
-        let executed_block = self.canonical_block_by_hash(block_hash)?;
-        self.canonical_in_memory_state
-            .update_chain(NewCanonicalChain::Commit { new: vec![executed_block] });
+        // Try to load the block from storage
+        if let Some(executed_block) = self.canonical_block_by_hash(block_hash)? {
+            self.canonical_in_memory_state
+                .update_chain(NewCanonicalChain::Commit { new: vec![executed_block] });
 
-        debug!(
-            target: "engine::tree",
-            block_number,
-            block_hash = ?block_hash,
-            "Added canonical block to in-memory state"
-        );
+            debug!(
+                target: "engine::tree",
+                block_number,
+                block_hash = ?block_hash,
+                "Added canonical block to in-memory state"
+            );
+        }
 
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -1544,52 +1569,58 @@ where
                                 // handle the event if any
                                 self.on_maybe_tree_event(maybe_event)?;
                             }
-                            BeaconEngineMessage::RethNewPayload {
-                                payload,
-                                wait_for_persistence,
-                                wait_for_caches,
-                                tx,
-                            } => {
-                                debug!(
-                                    target: "engine::tree",
-                                    wait_for_persistence,
-                                    wait_for_caches,
-                                    "Processing reth_newPayload"
-                                );
+                            BeaconEngineMessage::RethNewPayload { payload, tx } => {
+                                // Before processing the new payload, we wait for persistence and
+                                // cache updates to complete. We do it in parallel, spawning
+                                // persistence and cache update wait tasks with Tokio, so that we
+                                // can get an unbiased breakdown on how long did every step take.
+                                //
+                                // If we first wait for persistence, and only then for cache
+                                // updates, we will offset the cache update waits by the duration of
+                                // persistence, which is incorrect.
+                                debug!(target: "engine::tree", "Waiting for persistence and caches in parallel before processing reth_newPayload");
 
-                                let persistence_wait = if wait_for_persistence {
-                                    let pending_persistence = self.persistence_state.rx.take();
-                                    if let Some((rx, start_time, _action)) = pending_persistence {
-                                        let (persistence_tx, persistence_rx) =
-                                            std::sync::mpsc::channel();
-                                        self.runtime.spawn_blocking_named(
-                                            "wait-persist",
-                                            move || {
-                                                let start = Instant::now();
-                                                let result = rx
-                                                    .recv()
-                                                    .expect("persistence state channel closed");
-                                                let _ = persistence_tx.send((
-                                                    result,
-                                                    start_time,
-                                                    start.elapsed(),
-                                                ));
-                                            },
-                                        );
-                                        let (result, start_time, wait_duration) = persistence_rx
-                                            .recv()
-                                            .expect("persistence result channel closed");
-                                        let _ = self.on_persistence_complete(result, start_time);
-                                        Some(wait_duration)
-                                    } else {
-                                        Some(Duration::ZERO)
-                                    }
+                                let pending_persistence = self.persistence_state.rx.take();
+                                let persistence_rx = if let Some((rx, start_time, _action)) =
+                                    pending_persistence
+                                {
+                                    let (persistence_tx, persistence_rx) =
+                                        std::sync::mpsc::channel();
+                                    self.runtime.spawn_blocking_named("wait-persist", move || {
+                                        let start = Instant::now();
+                                        let result =
+                                            rx.recv().expect("persistence state channel closed");
+                                        let _ = persistence_tx.send((
+                                            result,
+                                            start_time,
+                                            start.elapsed(),
+                                        ));
+                                    });
+                                    Some(persistence_rx)
                                 } else {
                                     None
                                 };
 
-                                let cache_wait = wait_for_caches
-                                    .then(|| self.payload_validator.wait_for_caches());
+                                let cache_wait = self.payload_validator.wait_for_caches();
+
+                                let persistence_wait = if let Some(persistence_rx) = persistence_rx
+                                {
+                                    let (result, start_time, wait_duration) = persistence_rx
+                                        .recv()
+                                        .expect("persistence result channel closed");
+                                    let _ = self.on_persistence_complete(result, start_time);
+                                    Some(wait_duration)
+                                } else {
+                                    None
+                                };
+
+                                debug!(
+                                    target: "engine::tree",
+                                    ?persistence_wait,
+                                    execution_cache_wait = ?cache_wait.execution_cache,
+                                    sparse_trie_wait = ?cache_wait.sparse_trie,
+                                    "Persistence finished and caches updated for reth_newPayload"
+                                );
 
                                 let start = Instant::now();
                                 let gas_used = payload.gas_used();
@@ -1609,9 +1640,8 @@ where
                                 let timings = NewPayloadTimings {
                                     latency,
                                     persistence_wait,
-                                    execution_cache_wait: cache_wait
-                                        .map(|wait| wait.execution_cache),
-                                    sparse_trie_wait: cache_wait.map(|wait| wait.sparse_trie),
+                                    execution_cache_wait: cache_wait.execution_cache,
+                                    sparse_trie_wait: cache_wait.sparse_trie,
                                 };
                                 if let Err(err) =
                                     tx.send(output.map(|o| (o.outcome, timings)).map_err(|e| {
@@ -1999,11 +2029,11 @@ where
     /// pruned for a given block, this operation will return an error. On archive nodes, it
     /// can retrieve any block.
     #[instrument(level = "debug", target = "engine::tree", skip(self))]
-    fn canonical_block_by_hash(&self, hash: B256) -> ProviderResult<ExecutedBlock<N>> {
+    fn canonical_block_by_hash(&self, hash: B256) -> ProviderResult<Option<ExecutedBlock<N>>> {
         trace!(target: "engine::tree", ?hash, "Fetching executed block by hash");
         // check memory first
         if let Some(block) = self.state.tree_state.executed_block_by_hash(hash) {
-            return Ok(block.clone())
+            return Ok(Some(block.clone()))
         }
 
         let (block, senders) = self
@@ -2045,22 +2075,11 @@ where
             },
         });
 
-        Ok(ExecutedBlock::new(
+        Ok(Some(ExecutedBlock::new(
             Arc::new(RecoveredBlock::new_sealed(block, senders)),
             execution_output,
             trie_data,
-        ))
-    }
-
-    /// Returns `true` if a block with the given hash is known, either in memory or in the
-    /// database. This is a lightweight existence check that avoids constructing a full
-    /// [`SealedHeader`].
-    fn has_block_by_hash(&self, hash: B256) -> ProviderResult<bool> {
-        if self.state.tree_state.contains_hash(&hash) {
-            Ok(true)
-        } else {
-            self.provider.is_known(hash)
-        }
+        )))
     }
 
     /// Return sealed block header from in-memory state or database by hash.
@@ -2107,7 +2126,7 @@ where
         parent_hash: B256,
     ) -> ProviderResult<Option<B256>> {
         // Check if parent exists in side chain or in canonical chain.
-        if self.has_block_by_hash(parent_hash)? {
+        if self.sealed_header_by_hash(parent_hash)?.is_some() {
             return Ok(Some(parent_hash))
         }
 
@@ -2121,7 +2140,7 @@ where
 
             // If current_header is None, then the current_hash does not have an invalid
             // ancestor in the cache, check its presence in blockchain tree
-            if current_block.is_none() && self.has_block_by_hash(current_hash)? {
+            if current_block.is_none() && self.sealed_header_by_hash(current_hash)?.is_some() {
                 return Ok(Some(current_hash))
             }
         }
@@ -2788,7 +2807,7 @@ where
         debug!(target: "engine::tree", block=?block_num_hash, parent = ?block_id.parent, "Inserting new block into tree");
 
         // Check if block already exists - first in memory, then DB only if it could be persisted
-        if self.state.tree_state.contains_hash(&block_num_hash.hash) {
+        if self.state.tree_state.sealed_header_by_hash(&block_num_hash.hash).is_some() {
             convert_to_block(self, input)?;
             return Ok(InsertPayloadOk::AlreadySeen(BlockStatus::Valid));
         }

crates/engine/tree/src/tree/payload_processor/mod.rs

@@ -38,9 +38,7 @@ use reth_trie_parallel::{
     proof_task::{ProofTaskCtx, ProofWorkerHandle},
     root::ParallelStateRootError,
 };
-use reth_trie_sparse::{
-    ArenaParallelSparseTrie, ConfigurableSparseTrie, RevealableSparseTrie, SparseStateTrie,
-};
+use reth_trie_sparse::ParallelismThresholds;
 use std::{
     ops::Not,
     sync::{
@@ -59,7 +57,18 @@ pub mod prewarm;
 pub mod receipt_root_task;
 pub mod sparse_trie;
 
-use preserved_sparse_trie::{PreservedSparseTrie, SharedPreservedSparseTrie};
+pub use preserved_sparse_trie::{
+    PayloadSparseTrieCache, PayloadSparseTrieKind, PayloadSparseTrieStoreOutcome,
+    SparseTrieCheckout,
+};
+
+/// Default parallelism thresholds to use with the [`ParallelSparseTrie`].
+///
+/// These values were determined by performing benchmarks using gradually increasing values to judge
+/// the effects. Below 100 throughput would generally be equal or slightly less, while above 150 it
+/// would deteriorate to the point where PST might as well not be used.
+const PARALLEL_SPARSE_TRIE_PARALLELISM_THRESHOLDS: ParallelismThresholds =
+    ParallelismThresholds { min_revealed_nodes: 100, min_updated_nodes: 100 };
 
 /// Default node capacity for shrinking the sparse trie. This is used to limit the number of trie
 /// nodes in allocated sparse tries.
@@ -95,6 +104,52 @@ type IteratorPayloadHandle<Evm, I, N> = PayloadHandle<
     <N as NodePrimitives>::Receipt,
 >;
 
+/// Shared cache handles that can be exported to engine consumers and downstream payload builders.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct EngineSharedCaches<Evm: ConfigureEvm> {
+    execution_cache: PayloadExecutionCache,
+    sparse_trie_cache: PayloadSparseTrieCache,
+    precompile_cache_map: PrecompileCacheMap<SpecFor<Evm>>,
+}
+
+impl<Evm> Default for EngineSharedCaches<Evm>
+where
+    Evm: ConfigureEvm,
+{
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::with_sparse_trie_kind(PayloadSparseTrieKind::default())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<Evm> EngineSharedCaches<Evm>
+where
+    Evm: ConfigureEvm,
+{
+    /// Creates shared caches backed by the requested sparse trie implementation.
+    pub fn with_sparse_trie_kind(sparse_trie_kind: PayloadSparseTrieKind) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            execution_cache: Default::default(),
+            sparse_trie_cache: PayloadSparseTrieCache::new(sparse_trie_kind),
+            precompile_cache_map: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the shared execution cache handle for engine-internal use.
+    pub(crate) fn execution_cache(&self) -> PayloadExecutionCache {
+        self.execution_cache.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the shared sparse trie cache handle.
+    pub fn sparse_trie_cache(&self) -> PayloadSparseTrieCache {
+        self.sparse_trie_cache.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the shared precompile cache map.
+    pub fn precompile_cache_map(&self) -> PrecompileCacheMap<SpecFor<Evm>> {
+        self.precompile_cache_map.clone()
+    }
+}
+
 /// Entrypoint for executing the payload.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct PayloadProcessor<Evm>
@@ -103,8 +158,8 @@ where
 {
     /// The executor used by to spawn tasks.
     executor: Runtime,
-    /// The most recent cache used for execution.
-    execution_cache: PayloadExecutionCache,
+    /// Shared caches reused across payload processing.
+    shared_caches: EngineSharedCaches<Evm>,
     /// Metrics for trie operations
     trie_metrics: MultiProofTaskMetrics,
     /// Cross-block cache size in bytes.
@@ -117,12 +172,6 @@ where
     evm_config: Evm,
     /// Whether precompile cache should be disabled.
     precompile_cache_disabled: bool,
-    /// Precompile cache map.
-    precompile_cache_map: PrecompileCacheMap<SpecFor<Evm>>,
-    /// A pruned `SparseStateTrie`, kept around as a cache of already revealed trie nodes and to
-    /// re-use allocated memory. Stored with the block hash it was computed for to enable trie
-    /// preservation across sequential payload validations.
-    sparse_state_trie: SharedPreservedSparseTrie,
     /// LFU hot-slot capacity: max storage slots retained across prune cycles.
     sparse_trie_max_hot_slots: usize,
     /// LFU hot-account capacity: max account addresses retained across prune cycles.
@@ -131,12 +180,6 @@ where
     disable_sparse_trie_cache_pruning: bool,
     /// Whether to disable cache metrics recording.
     disable_cache_metrics: bool,
-    /// Whether to disable BAL-based parallel execution (falls back to tx-based prewarming).
-    disable_bal_parallel_execution: bool,
-    /// Whether to disable BAL-driven parallel state root computation.
-    disable_bal_parallel_state_root: bool,
-    /// Whether BAL batched IO is disabled.
-    disable_bal_batch_io: bool,
 }
 
 impl<N, Evm> PayloadProcessor<Evm>
@@ -154,26 +197,21 @@ where
         executor: Runtime,
         evm_config: Evm,
         config: &TreeConfig,
-        precompile_cache_map: PrecompileCacheMap<SpecFor<Evm>>,
+        shared_caches: EngineSharedCaches<Evm>,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             executor,
-            execution_cache: Default::default(),
+            shared_caches,
             trie_metrics: Default::default(),
             cross_block_cache_size: config.cross_block_cache_size(),
             disable_transaction_prewarming: config.disable_prewarming(),
             evm_config,
             disable_state_cache: config.disable_state_cache(),
             precompile_cache_disabled: config.precompile_cache_disabled(),
-            precompile_cache_map,
-            sparse_state_trie: SharedPreservedSparseTrie::default(),
             sparse_trie_max_hot_slots: config.sparse_trie_max_hot_slots(),
             sparse_trie_max_hot_accounts: config.sparse_trie_max_hot_accounts(),
             disable_sparse_trie_cache_pruning: config.disable_sparse_trie_cache_pruning(),
             disable_cache_metrics: config.disable_cache_metrics(),
-            disable_bal_parallel_execution: config.disable_bal_parallel_execution(),
-            disable_bal_parallel_state_root: config.disable_bal_parallel_state_root(),
-            disable_bal_batch_io: config.disable_bal_batch_io(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -186,8 +224,8 @@ where
         debug!(target: "engine::tree::payload_processor", "Waiting for execution cache and sparse trie locks");
 
         // Wait for both caches in parallel using std threads
-        let execution_cache = self.execution_cache.clone();
-        let sparse_trie = self.sparse_state_trie.clone();
+        let execution_cache = self.shared_caches.execution_cache();
+        let sparse_trie = self.shared_caches.sparse_trie_cache();
 
         // Use channels and spawn_blocking instead of std::thread::spawn
         let (execution_tx, execution_rx) = std::sync::mpsc::channel();
@@ -501,25 +539,22 @@ where
             terminate_execution: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
             executed_tx_index: Arc::clone(&executed_tx_index),
             precompile_cache_disabled: self.precompile_cache_disabled,
-            precompile_cache_map: self.precompile_cache_map.clone(),
-            disable_bal_batch_io: self.disable_bal_batch_io,
+            precompile_cache_map: self.shared_caches.precompile_cache_map(),
         };
 
         let (prewarm_task, to_prewarm_task) = PrewarmCacheTask::new(
             self.executor.clone(),
-            self.execution_cache.clone(),
+            self.shared_caches.execution_cache(),
             prewarm_ctx,
             to_multi_proof,
-            self.disable_bal_parallel_state_root,
         );
 
         {
             let to_prewarm_task = to_prewarm_task.clone();
-            let disable_bal_parallel_execution = self.disable_bal_parallel_execution;
             self.executor.spawn_blocking_named("prewarm", move || {
                 let mode = if skip_prewarm {
                     PrewarmMode::Skipped
-                } else if let Some(bal) = bal.filter(|_| !disable_bal_parallel_execution) {
+                } else if let Some(bal) = bal {
                     PrewarmMode::BlockAccessList(bal)
                 } else {
                     PrewarmMode::Transactions(transactions)
@@ -537,7 +572,7 @@ where
     /// instance.
     #[instrument(level = "debug", target = "engine::caching", skip(self))]
     fn cache_for(&self, parent_hash: B256) -> SavedCache {
-        if let Some(cache) = self.execution_cache.get_cache_for(parent_hash) {
+        if let Some(cache) = self.shared_caches.execution_cache().get_cache_for(parent_hash) {
             debug!("reusing execution cache");
             cache
         } else {
@@ -562,7 +597,7 @@ where
         parent_state_root: B256,
         chunk_size: usize,
     ) {
-        let preserved_sparse_trie = self.sparse_state_trie.clone();
+        let sparse_trie_cache = self.shared_caches.sparse_trie_cache();
         let trie_metrics = self.trie_metrics.clone();
         let max_hot_slots = self.sparse_trie_max_hot_slots;
         let max_hot_accounts = self.sparse_trie_max_hot_accounts;
@@ -576,39 +611,19 @@ where
             let _enter = debug_span!(target: "engine::tree::payload_processor", parent: parent_span, "sparse_trie_task")
                 .entered();
 
-            // Reuse a stored SparseStateTrie if available, applying continuation logic.
-            // If this payload's parent state root matches the preserved trie's anchor,
-            // we can reuse the pruned trie structure. Otherwise, we clear the trie but
-            // keep allocations.
             let start = Instant::now();
-            let preserved = preserved_sparse_trie.take();
+            let mut checkout = sparse_trie_cache.take_or_create_for(parent_state_root);
             trie_metrics
                 .sparse_trie_cache_wait_duration_histogram
                 .record(start.elapsed().as_secs_f64());
+            checkout.set_hot_cache_capacities(max_hot_slots, max_hot_accounts);
 
-            let mut sparse_state_trie = preserved
-                .map(|preserved| preserved.into_trie_for(parent_state_root))
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                    debug!(
-                        target: "engine::tree::payload_processor",
-                        "Creating new sparse trie - no preserved trie available"
-                    );
-                    let default_trie = RevealableSparseTrie::blind_from(
-                        ConfigurableSparseTrie::Arena(ArenaParallelSparseTrie::default()),
-                    );
-                    SparseStateTrie::default()
-                        .with_accounts_trie(default_trie.clone())
-                        .with_default_storage_trie(default_trie)
-                        .with_updates(true)
-                });
-            sparse_state_trie.set_hot_cache_capacities(max_hot_slots, max_hot_accounts);
-
-            let mut task = SparseTrieCacheTask::new_with_trie(
+            let mut task = SparseTrieCacheTask::new_with_checkout(
                 &executor,
                 from_multi_proof,
                 proof_worker_handle,
                 trie_metrics.clone(),
-                sparse_state_trie,
+                checkout,
                 chunk_size,
             );
 
@@ -619,7 +634,7 @@ where
             // causing take() to return None and forcing it to create a new empty trie
             // instead of reusing the preserved one. Holding the guard ensures the next
             // block's take() blocks until we've stored the trie for reuse.
-            let mut guard = preserved_sparse_trie.lock();
+            let mut guard = sparse_trie_cache.lock();
 
             let task_result = result.as_ref().ok().cloned();
             // Send state root computation result - next block may start but will block on take()
@@ -634,7 +649,7 @@ where
                     SPARSE_TRIE_MAX_NODES_SHRINK_CAPACITY,
                     SPARSE_TRIE_MAX_VALUES_SHRINK_CAPACITY,
                 );
-                guard.store(PreservedSparseTrie::cleared(trie));
+                trie.store_prepared_cleared_with_guard(&mut guard);
                 drop(guard);
                 executor.spawn_drop(deferred);
                 return;
@@ -663,7 +678,7 @@ where
                 trie_metrics
                     .sparse_trie_retained_storage_tries
                     .set(trie.retained_storage_tries_count() as f64);
-                guard.store(PreservedSparseTrie::anchored(trie, result.state_root));
+                trie.store_anchored_with_guard(&mut guard, result.state_root);
                 deferred
             } else {
                 debug!(
@@ -674,7 +689,7 @@ where
                     SPARSE_TRIE_MAX_NODES_SHRINK_CAPACITY,
                     SPARSE_TRIE_MAX_VALUES_SHRINK_CAPACITY,
                 );
-                guard.store(PreservedSparseTrie::cleared(trie));
+                trie.store_prepared_cleared_with_guard(&mut guard);
                 deferred
             };
             drop(guard);
@@ -695,7 +710,7 @@ where
         bundle_state: &BundleState,
     ) {
         let disable_cache_metrics = self.disable_cache_metrics;
-        self.execution_cache.update_with_guard(|cached| {
+        self.shared_caches.execution_cache().update_with_guard(|cached| {
             if cached.as_ref().is_some_and(|c| c.executed_block_hash() != block_with_parent.parent) {
                 debug!(
                     target: "engine::caching",
@@ -999,7 +1014,7 @@ impl<R> Drop for CacheTaskHandle<R> {
 /// - Prepares data for state root proof computation
 /// - Runs concurrently but must not interfere with cache saves
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
-pub struct PayloadExecutionCache {
+pub(crate) struct PayloadExecutionCache {
     /// Guarded cloneable cache identified by a block hash.
     inner: Arc<RwLock<Option<SavedCache>>>,
     /// Metrics for cache operations.
@@ -1007,11 +1022,11 @@ pub struct PayloadExecutionCache {
 }
 
 impl PayloadExecutionCache {
-    /// Returns the cache for `parent_hash` if it's available for use.
+    /// Returns the cache backing store for `parent_hash` if it's available for reuse.
     ///
-    /// A cache is considered available when:
-    /// - It exists and matches the requested parent hash
-    /// - No other tasks are currently using it (checked via Arc reference count)
+    /// If the tracked cache is available but keyed to a different parent hash, the cache is
+    /// cleared and returned so callers can reuse the underlying allocations without carrying over
+    /// stale state.
     #[instrument(level = "debug", target = "engine::tree::payload_processor", skip(self))]
     pub(crate) fn get_cache_for(&self, parent_hash: B256) -> Option<SavedCache> {
         let start = Instant::now();
@@ -1050,7 +1065,7 @@ impl PayloadExecutionCache {
                     // and picking up polluted data if the fork block fails.
                     c.clear_with_hash(parent_hash);
                 }
-                return Some(c.clone())
+                return Some(c.clone());
             } else if hash_matches {
                 self.metrics.execution_cache_in_use.increment(1);
             }
@@ -1067,7 +1082,7 @@ impl PayloadExecutionCache {
     /// This is useful for synchronization before starting payload processing.
     ///
     /// Returns the time spent waiting for the lock.
-    pub fn wait_for_availability(&self) -> Duration {
+    pub(crate) fn wait_for_availability(&self) -> Duration {
         let start = Instant::now();
         // Acquire write lock to wait for any current holders to finish
         let _guard = self.inner.write();
@@ -1095,7 +1110,7 @@ impl PayloadExecutionCache {
     ///
     /// Violating this requirement can result in cache corruption, incorrect state data,
     /// and potential consensus failures.
-    pub fn update_with_guard<F>(&self, update_fn: F)
+    pub(crate) fn update_with_guard<F>(&self, update_fn: F)
     where
         F: FnOnce(&mut Option<SavedCache>),
     {
@@ -1164,8 +1179,9 @@ mod tests {
     use super::PayloadExecutionCache;
     use crate::tree::{
         cached_state::{CachedStateMetrics, ExecutionCache, SavedCache},
-        payload_processor::{evm_state_to_hashed_post_state, ExecutionEnv, PayloadProcessor},
-        precompile_cache::PrecompileCacheMap,
+        payload_processor::{
+            evm_state_to_hashed_post_state, EngineSharedCaches, ExecutionEnv, PayloadProcessor,
+        },
         StateProviderBuilder, TreeConfig,
     };
     use alloy_eips::eip1898::{BlockNumHash, BlockWithParent};
@@ -1277,7 +1293,7 @@ mod tests {
             reth_tasks::Runtime::test(),
             EthEvmConfig::new(Arc::new(ChainSpec::default())),
             &TreeConfig::default(),
-            PrecompileCacheMap::default(),
+            EngineSharedCaches::default(),
         );
 
         let parent_hash = B256::from([1u8; 32]);
@@ -1289,13 +1305,17 @@ mod tests {
         let bundle_state = BundleState::default();
 
         // Cache should be empty initially
-        assert!(payload_processor.execution_cache.get_cache_for(block_hash).is_none());
+        assert!(payload_processor
+            .shared_caches
+            .execution_cache()
+            .get_cache_for(block_hash)
+            .is_none());
 
         // Update cache with inserted block
         payload_processor.on_inserted_executed_block(block_with_parent, &bundle_state);
 
         // Cache should now exist for the block hash
-        let cached = payload_processor.execution_cache.get_cache_for(block_hash);
+        let cached = payload_processor.shared_caches.execution_cache().get_cache_for(block_hash);
         assert!(cached.is_some());
         assert_eq!(cached.unwrap().executed_block_hash(), block_hash);
     }
@@ -1306,13 +1326,14 @@ mod tests {
             reth_tasks::Runtime::test(),
             EthEvmConfig::new(Arc::new(ChainSpec::default())),
             &TreeConfig::default(),
-            PrecompileCacheMap::default(),
+            EngineSharedCaches::default(),
         );
 
         // Setup: populate cache with block 1
         let block1_hash = B256::from([1u8; 32]);
         payload_processor
-            .execution_cache
+            .shared_caches
+            .execution_cache()
             .update_with_guard(|slot| *slot = Some(make_saved_cache(block1_hash)));
 
         // Try to insert block 3 with wrong parent (should skip and keep block 1's cache)
@@ -1327,11 +1348,11 @@ mod tests {
         payload_processor.on_inserted_executed_block(block_with_parent, &bundle_state);
 
         // Cache should still be for block 1 (unchanged)
-        let cached = payload_processor.execution_cache.get_cache_for(block1_hash);
+        let cached = payload_processor.shared_caches.execution_cache().get_cache_for(block1_hash);
         assert!(cached.is_some(), "Original cache should be preserved");
 
         // Cache for block 3 should not exist
-        let cached3 = payload_processor.execution_cache.get_cache_for(block3_hash);
+        let cached3 = payload_processor.shared_caches.execution_cache().get_cache_for(block3_hash);
         assert!(cached3.is_none(), "New block cache should not be created on mismatch");
     }
 
@@ -1441,7 +1462,7 @@ mod tests {
             reth_tasks::Runtime::test(),
             EthEvmConfig::new(factory.chain_spec()),
             &TreeConfig::default(),
-            PrecompileCacheMap::default(),
+            EngineSharedCaches::default(),
         );
 
         let provider_factory = BlockchainProvider::new(factory).unwrap();

crates/engine/tree/src/tree/payload_processor/preserved_sparse_trie.rs

@@ -1,44 +1,128 @@
 //! Preserved sparse trie for reuse across payload validations.
 
+use super::{
+    PARALLEL_SPARSE_TRIE_PARALLELISM_THRESHOLDS, SPARSE_TRIE_MAX_NODES_SHRINK_CAPACITY,
+    SPARSE_TRIE_MAX_VALUES_SHRINK_CAPACITY,
+};
 use alloy_primitives::B256;
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
-use reth_trie_sparse::{ConfigurableSparseTrie, SparseStateTrie};
-use std::{sync::Arc, time::Instant};
+use reth_trie_sparse::{
+    ArenaParallelSparseTrie, ConfigurableSparseTrie, ParallelSparseTrie, RevealableSparseTrie,
+    SparseStateTrie,
+};
+use std::{
+    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
+    sync::Arc,
+    time::{Duration, Instant},
+};
 use tracing::debug;
 
 /// Type alias for the sparse trie type used in preservation.
-pub(super) type SparseTrie = SparseStateTrie<ConfigurableSparseTrie, ConfigurableSparseTrie>;
+type SparseTrie = SparseStateTrie<ConfigurableSparseTrie, ConfigurableSparseTrie>;
 
-/// Shared handle to a preserved sparse trie that can be reused across payload validations.
+/// Sparse trie implementation used by [`PayloadSparseTrieCache`].
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum PayloadSparseTrieKind {
+    /// Back sparse trie storage with hash maps.
+    #[default]
+    HashMap,
+    /// Back sparse trie storage with arena allocations.
+    Arena,
+}
+
+impl From<bool> for PayloadSparseTrieKind {
+    fn from(enable_arena_sparse_trie: bool) -> Self {
+        if enable_arena_sparse_trie {
+            Self::Arena
+        } else {
+            Self::HashMap
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+struct PayloadSparseTrieState {
+    latest_checkout_id: u64,
+    preserved: Option<PreservedSparseTrie>,
+}
+
+/// Outcome of storing a checked-out sparse trie back into the shared cache.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum PayloadSparseTrieStoreOutcome {
+    /// The checkout was the most recent lease and the trie was stored.
+    Stored,
+    /// A newer checkout had already been issued, so this stale lease was ignored.
+    IgnoredStaleCheckout,
+}
+
+/// Shared sparse trie cache that can be reused across payload validations.
 ///
-/// This is stored in [`PayloadProcessor`](super::PayloadProcessor) and cloned to pass to
-/// [`SparseTrieCacheTask`](super::sparse_trie::SparseTrieCacheTask) for trie reuse.
-#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
-pub(super) struct SharedPreservedSparseTrie(Arc<Mutex<Option<PreservedSparseTrie>>>);
+/// This is the public sparse-trie SDK surface exposed through
+/// [`EngineSharedCaches`](super::EngineSharedCaches). Callers take or create a trie, use it for
+/// payload work, then store it back either anchored to the resulting state root or cleared for
+/// allocation reuse.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct PayloadSparseTrieCache {
+    kind: PayloadSparseTrieKind,
+    state: Arc<Mutex<PayloadSparseTrieState>>,
+}
 
-impl SharedPreservedSparseTrie {
-    /// Takes the preserved trie if present, leaving `None` in its place.
-    pub(super) fn take(&self) -> Option<PreservedSparseTrie> {
-        self.0.lock().take()
+impl Default for PayloadSparseTrieCache {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new(PayloadSparseTrieKind::default())
+    }
+}
+
+impl PayloadSparseTrieCache {
+    /// Creates a sparse trie cache backed by the requested trie implementation.
+    pub fn new(kind: PayloadSparseTrieKind) -> Self {
+        Self { kind, state: Arc::new(Mutex::new(PayloadSparseTrieState::default())) }
     }
 
-    /// Acquires a guard that blocks `take()` until dropped.
-    /// Use this before sending the state root result to ensure the next block
-    /// waits for the trie to be stored.
-    pub(super) fn lock(&self) -> PreservedTrieGuard<'_> {
-        PreservedTrieGuard(self.0.lock())
+    /// Returns the sparse trie implementation used when the cache needs to create a new trie.
+    pub const fn kind(&self) -> PayloadSparseTrieKind {
+        self.kind
+    }
+
+    /// Takes a preserved trie for `parent_state_root` or creates a new trie if the cache is empty.
+    pub fn take_or_create_for(&self, parent_state_root: B256) -> SparseTrieCheckout {
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        let mut state = self.state.lock();
+        state.latest_checkout_id += 1;
+        let checkout_id = state.latest_checkout_id;
+        let trie = state
+            .preserved
+            .take()
+            .map(|preserved| preserved.into_trie_for(parent_state_root))
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                debug!(
+                    target: "engine::tree::payload_processor",
+                    %parent_state_root,
+                    kind = ?self.kind,
+                    "Creating new sparse trie - no preserved trie available"
+                );
+                new_sparse_trie(self.kind)
+            });
+        drop(state);
+
+        let elapsed = start.elapsed();
+        if elapsed.as_millis() > 5 {
+            debug!(
+                target: "engine::tree::payload_processor",
+                blocked_for=?elapsed,
+                "Waited for preserved sparse trie checkout"
+            );
+        }
+
+        SparseTrieCheckout { trie: Some(trie), cache: self.clone(), checkout_id }
     }
 
     /// Waits until the sparse trie lock becomes available.
     ///
-    /// This acquires and immediately releases the lock, ensuring that any
-    /// ongoing operations complete before returning. Useful for synchronization
-    /// before starting payload processing.
-    ///
     /// Returns the time spent waiting for the lock.
-    pub(super) fn wait_for_availability(&self) -> std::time::Duration {
+    pub fn wait_for_availability(&self) -> Duration {
         let start = Instant::now();
-        let _guard = self.0.lock();
+        let _guard = self.state.lock();
         let elapsed = start.elapsed();
         if elapsed.as_millis() > 5 {
             debug!(
@@ -49,27 +133,142 @@ impl SharedPreservedSparseTrie {
         }
         elapsed
     }
+
+    /// Acquires a guard that blocks cache mutation until dropped.
+    ///
+    /// Engine-internal code uses this before making the state-root result visible so the next
+    /// payload cannot observe an empty cache between send and store.
+    pub(super) fn lock(&self) -> PreservedTrieGuard<'_> {
+        PreservedTrieGuard { state: self.state.lock() }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A checked-out sparse trie lease.
+///
+/// This dereferences to [`SparseStateTrie`] so callers can reuse the trie directly. If the lease is
+/// dropped without being stored back, a cleared trie is returned to the shared cache unless a newer
+/// checkout has already superseded it.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct SparseTrieCheckout {
+    trie: Option<SparseTrie>,
+    cache: PayloadSparseTrieCache,
+    checkout_id: u64,
+}
+
+impl SparseTrieCheckout {
+    /// Stores the trie back into the shared cache anchored to the given state root.
+    pub fn store_anchored(self, state_root: B256) -> PayloadSparseTrieStoreOutcome {
+        let cache = self.cache.clone();
+        let mut guard = cache.lock();
+        self.store_anchored_with_guard(&mut guard, state_root)
+    }
+
+    /// Stores the trie back into the shared cache in a cleared state.
+    pub fn store_cleared(mut self) -> PayloadSparseTrieStoreOutcome {
+        let cache = self.cache.clone();
+        let mut trie = self.take_trie();
+        prepare_cleared_trie(&mut trie);
+        let deferred = trie.take_deferred_drops();
+        let mut guard = cache.lock();
+        let outcome = guard.store(self.checkout_id, PreservedSparseTrie::cleared(trie));
+        drop(guard);
+        drop(deferred);
+        outcome
+    }
+
+    /// Stores the trie back into the shared cache anchored to the given state root while the
+    /// caller is already holding the preservation lock.
+    pub(super) fn store_anchored_with_guard(
+        mut self,
+        guard: &mut PreservedTrieGuard<'_>,
+        state_root: B256,
+    ) -> PayloadSparseTrieStoreOutcome {
+        guard.store(self.checkout_id, PreservedSparseTrie::anchored(self.take_trie(), state_root))
+    }
+
+    /// Stores an already-cleared trie back into the shared cache while the caller is already
+    /// holding the preservation lock.
+    pub(super) fn store_prepared_cleared_with_guard(
+        mut self,
+        guard: &mut PreservedTrieGuard<'_>,
+    ) -> PayloadSparseTrieStoreOutcome {
+        guard.store(self.checkout_id, PreservedSparseTrie::cleared(self.take_trie()))
+    }
+
+    fn take_trie(&mut self) -> SparseTrie {
+        self.trie.take().expect("sparse trie checkout must hold a trie until it is stored")
+    }
+}
+
+impl Deref for SparseTrieCheckout {
+    type Target = SparseTrie;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        self.trie.as_ref().expect("sparse trie checkout must hold a trie until it is stored")
+    }
+}
+
+impl DerefMut for SparseTrieCheckout {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        self.trie.as_mut().expect("sparse trie checkout must hold a trie until it is stored")
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for SparseTrieCheckout {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        let Some(mut trie) = self.trie.take() else { return };
+
+        debug!(
+            target: "engine::tree::payload_processor",
+            checkout_id = self.checkout_id,
+            "Sparse trie checkout dropped before store, returning cleared trie to cache"
+        );
+
+        prepare_cleared_trie(&mut trie);
+        let deferred = trie.take_deferred_drops();
+        let mut guard = self.cache.lock();
+        let _ = guard.store(self.checkout_id, PreservedSparseTrie::cleared(trie));
+        drop(guard);
+        drop(deferred);
+    }
 }
 
 /// Guard that holds the lock on the preserved trie.
-/// While held, `take()` will block. Call `store()` to save the trie before dropping.
-pub(super) struct PreservedTrieGuard<'a>(parking_lot::MutexGuard<'a, Option<PreservedSparseTrie>>);
+/// While held, take-or-create calls will block. Call `store()` to save the trie before dropping.
+pub(super) struct PreservedTrieGuard<'a> {
+    state: parking_lot::MutexGuard<'a, PayloadSparseTrieState>,
+}
 
 impl PreservedTrieGuard<'_> {
-    /// Stores a preserved trie for later reuse.
-    pub(super) fn store(&mut self, trie: PreservedSparseTrie) {
-        self.0.replace(trie);
+    /// Stores a preserved trie for later reuse if the checkout is still current.
+    fn store(
+        &mut self,
+        checkout_id: u64,
+        trie: PreservedSparseTrie,
+    ) -> PayloadSparseTrieStoreOutcome {
+        if checkout_id != self.state.latest_checkout_id {
+            debug!(
+                target: "engine::tree::payload_processor",
+                checkout_id,
+                latest_checkout_id = self.state.latest_checkout_id,
+                "Ignoring stale sparse trie checkout"
+            );
+            return PayloadSparseTrieStoreOutcome::IgnoredStaleCheckout;
+        }
+
+        self.state.preserved.replace(trie);
+        PayloadSparseTrieStoreOutcome::Stored
     }
 }
 
 /// A preserved sparse trie that can be reused across payload validations.
 ///
 /// The trie exists in one of two states:
-/// - **Anchored**: Has a computed state root and can be reused for payloads whose parent state root
-///   matches the anchor.
+/// - **Anchored**: Has a computed state root and can be reused for payloads whose parent state
+///   root matches the anchor.
 /// - **Cleared**: Trie data has been cleared but allocations are preserved for reuse.
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub(super) enum PreservedSparseTrie {
+enum PreservedSparseTrie {
     /// Trie with a computed state root that can be reused for continuation payloads.
     Anchored {
         /// The sparse state trie (pruned after root computation).
@@ -87,24 +286,17 @@ pub(super) enum PreservedSparseTrie {
 
 impl PreservedSparseTrie {
     /// Creates a new anchored preserved trie.
-    ///
-    /// The `state_root` is the computed state root from the trie, which becomes the
-    /// anchor for determining if subsequent payloads can reuse this trie.
-    pub(super) const fn anchored(trie: SparseTrie, state_root: B256) -> Self {
+    const fn anchored(trie: SparseTrie, state_root: B256) -> Self {
         Self::Anchored { trie, state_root }
     }
 
     /// Creates a cleared preserved trie (allocations preserved, data cleared).
-    pub(super) const fn cleared(trie: SparseTrie) -> Self {
+    const fn cleared(trie: SparseTrie) -> Self {
         Self::Cleared { trie }
     }
 
     /// Consumes self and returns the trie for reuse.
-    ///
-    /// If the preserved trie is anchored and the parent state root matches, the pruned
-    /// trie structure is reused directly. Otherwise, the trie is cleared but allocations
-    /// are preserved to reduce memory overhead.
-    pub(super) fn into_trie_for(self, parent_state_root: B256) -> SparseTrie {
+    fn into_trie_for(self, parent_state_root: B256) -> SparseTrie {
         match self {
             Self::Anchored { trie, state_root } if state_root == parent_state_root => {
                 debug!(
@@ -135,3 +327,111 @@ impl PreservedSparseTrie {
         }
     }
 }
+
+fn new_sparse_trie(kind: PayloadSparseTrieKind) -> SparseTrie {
+    let default_trie = match kind {
+        PayloadSparseTrieKind::HashMap => {
+            RevealableSparseTrie::blind_from(ConfigurableSparseTrie::HashMap(
+                ParallelSparseTrie::default()
+                    .with_parallelism_thresholds(PARALLEL_SPARSE_TRIE_PARALLELISM_THRESHOLDS),
+            ))
+        }
+        PayloadSparseTrieKind::Arena => RevealableSparseTrie::blind_from(
+            ConfigurableSparseTrie::Arena(ArenaParallelSparseTrie::default()),
+        ),
+    };
+
+    SparseStateTrie::default()
+        .with_accounts_trie(default_trie.clone())
+        .with_default_storage_trie(default_trie)
+        .with_updates(true)
+}
+
+fn prepare_cleared_trie(trie: &mut SparseTrie) {
+    trie.clear();
+    trie.shrink_to(SPARSE_TRIE_MAX_NODES_SHRINK_CAPACITY, SPARSE_TRIE_MAX_VALUES_SHRINK_CAPACITY);
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn take_or_create_reuses_matching_anchor() {
+        let cache = PayloadSparseTrieCache::default();
+        let state_root = B256::with_last_byte(1);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            cache.take_or_create_for(state_root).store_anchored(state_root),
+            PayloadSparseTrieStoreOutcome::Stored
+        );
+
+        match cache.state.lock().preserved.as_ref() {
+            Some(PreservedSparseTrie::Anchored { state_root: anchored, .. }) => {
+                assert_eq!(*anchored, state_root);
+            }
+            other => panic!("expected anchored trie, got {other:?}"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn drop_restores_cleared_trie() {
+        let cache = PayloadSparseTrieCache::default();
+        let state_root = B256::with_last_byte(2);
+
+        let mut checkout = cache.take_or_create_for(state_root);
+        checkout.set_updates(true);
+        drop(checkout);
+
+        match cache.state.lock().preserved.as_ref() {
+            Some(PreservedSparseTrie::Cleared { .. }) => {}
+            other => panic!("expected cleared trie, got {other:?}"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn stale_checkout_does_not_overwrite_newer_store() {
+        let cache = PayloadSparseTrieCache::default();
+        let parent_state_root = B256::with_last_byte(3);
+        let anchored_state_root = B256::with_last_byte(4);
+
+        let stale = cache.take_or_create_for(parent_state_root);
+        let fresh = cache.take_or_create_for(parent_state_root);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            fresh.store_anchored(anchored_state_root),
+            PayloadSparseTrieStoreOutcome::Stored
+        );
+        assert_eq!(stale.store_cleared(), PayloadSparseTrieStoreOutcome::IgnoredStaleCheckout);
+
+        match cache.state.lock().preserved.as_ref() {
+            Some(PreservedSparseTrie::Anchored { state_root, .. }) => {
+                assert_eq!(*state_root, anchored_state_root);
+            }
+            other => panic!("expected anchored trie to survive stale checkout, got {other:?}"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn stale_checkout_drop_does_not_overwrite_newer_store() {
+        let cache = PayloadSparseTrieCache::default();
+        let parent_state_root = B256::with_last_byte(5);
+        let anchored_state_root = B256::with_last_byte(6);
+
+        let stale = cache.take_or_create_for(parent_state_root);
+        let fresh = cache.take_or_create_for(parent_state_root);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            fresh.store_anchored(anchored_state_root),
+            PayloadSparseTrieStoreOutcome::Stored
+        );
+        drop(stale);
+
+        match cache.state.lock().preserved.as_ref() {
+            Some(PreservedSparseTrie::Anchored { state_root, .. }) => {
+                assert_eq!(*state_root, anchored_state_root);
+            }
+            other => panic!("expected anchored trie to survive stale checkout drop, got {other:?}"),
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/engine/tree/src/tree/payload_processor/prewarm.rs

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ use alloy_eip7928::BlockAccessList;
 use alloy_eips::eip4895::Withdrawal;
 use alloy_primitives::{keccak256, StorageKey, B256};
 use crossbeam_channel::Sender as CrossbeamSender;
-use itertools::{EitherOrBoth, Itertools};
 use metrics::{Counter, Gauge, Histogram};
 use rayon::prelude::*;
 use reth_evm::{execute::ExecutableTxFor, ConfigureEvm, Evm, EvmFor, RecoveredTx, SpecFor};
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ use std::sync::{
     mpsc::{self, channel, Receiver, Sender},
     Arc,
 };
-use tracing::{debug, debug_span, instrument, trace, trace_span, warn, Span};
+use tracing::{debug, debug_span, instrument, trace, warn, Span};
 
 /// Determines the prewarming mode: transaction-based, BAL-based, or skipped.
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -76,8 +75,6 @@ where
     actions_rx: Receiver<PrewarmTaskEvent<N::Receipt>>,
     /// Parent span for tracing
     parent_span: Span,
-    /// Whether to disable BAL-driven parallel state root computation.
-    disable_bal_parallel_state_root: bool,
 }
 
 impl<N, P, Evm> PrewarmCacheTask<N, P, Evm>
@@ -87,12 +84,11 @@ where
     Evm: ConfigureEvm<Primitives = N> + 'static,
 {
     /// Initializes the task with the given transactions pending execution
-    pub fn new(
+    pub(crate) fn new(
         executor: Runtime,
         execution_cache: PayloadExecutionCache,
         ctx: PrewarmContext<N, P, Evm>,
         to_multi_proof: Option<CrossbeamSender<MultiProofMessage>>,
-        disable_bal_parallel_state_root: bool,
     ) -> (Self, Sender<PrewarmTaskEvent<N::Receipt>>) {
         let (actions_tx, actions_rx) = channel();
 
@@ -111,7 +107,6 @@ where
                 to_multi_proof,
                 actions_rx,
                 parent_span: Span::current(),
-                disable_bal_parallel_state_root,
             },
             actions_tx,
         )
@@ -170,7 +165,7 @@ where
                     tx_count += 1;
                     let parent_span = Span::current();
                     s.spawn(move |_| {
-                        let _enter = trace_span!(
+                        let _enter = debug_span!(
                             target: "engine::tree::payload_processor::prewarm",
                             parent: parent_span,
                             "prewarm_tx",
@@ -295,19 +290,24 @@ where
                 let new_cache = SavedCache::new(hash, caches, cache_metrics)
                     .with_disable_cache_metrics(disable_cache_metrics);
 
+                // Insert state into cache while holding the lock
+                // Access the BundleState through the shared ExecutionOutcome
+                if new_cache.cache().insert_state(&execution_outcome.state).is_err() {
+                    // Clear the cache on error to prevent having a polluted cache
+                    *cached = None;
+                    debug!(target: "engine::caching", "cleared execution cache on update error");
+                    return;
+                }
+
                 new_cache.update_metrics();
 
-                // Defer `insert_state` until after validation: FixedCache's non-blocking
-                // inserts silently drop writes under concurrent reader contention.
                 if valid_block_rx.recv().is_ok() {
-                    if new_cache.cache().insert_state(&execution_outcome.state).is_err() {
-                        *cached = None;
-                        debug!(target: "engine::caching", "cleared execution cache on update error");
-                        return;
-                    }
-
+                    // Replace the shared cache with the new one; the previous cache (if any) is
+                    // dropped.
                     *cached = Some(new_cache);
                 } else {
+                    // Block was invalid; caches were already mutated by insert_state above,
+                    // so we must clear to prevent using polluted state
                     *cached = None;
                     debug!(target: "engine::caching", "cleared execution cache on invalid block");
                 }
@@ -356,12 +356,7 @@ where
         let ctx = self.ctx.clone();
         self.executor.prewarming_pool().install_fn(|| {
             bal.par_iter().for_each_init(
-                || {
-                    (
-                        ctx.clone(),
-                        None::<CachedStateProvider<reth_provider::StateProviderBox, true>>,
-                    )
-                },
+                || (ctx.clone(), None::<CachedStateProvider<reth_provider::StateProviderBox>>),
                 |(ctx, provider), account| {
                     if ctx.should_stop() {
                         return;
@@ -386,9 +381,6 @@ where
     /// Converts the BAL to [`HashedPostState`](reth_trie::HashedPostState) and sends it to the
     /// multiproof task.
     fn send_bal_hashed_state(&self, bal: &BlockAccessList) {
-        if self.disable_bal_parallel_state_root {
-            return;
-        }
         let Some(to_multi_proof) = &self.to_multi_proof else { return };
 
         let provider = match self.ctx.provider.build() {
@@ -523,8 +515,6 @@ where
     pub precompile_cache_disabled: bool,
     /// The precompile cache map.
     pub precompile_cache_map: PrecompileCacheMap<SpecFor<Evm>>,
-    /// Whether BAL batched IO is disabled.
-    pub disable_bal_batch_io: bool,
 }
 
 /// Per-thread EVM state initialised by [`PrewarmContext::evm_for_ctx`] and stored in
@@ -610,7 +600,7 @@ where
     /// thread.
     fn prefetch_bal_account(
         &self,
-        provider: &mut Option<CachedStateProvider<reth_provider::StateProviderBox, true>>,
+        provider: &mut Option<CachedStateProvider<reth_provider::StateProviderBox>>,
         account: &alloy_eip7928::AccountChanges,
     ) {
         let state_provider = match provider {
@@ -631,7 +621,7 @@ where
                     self.saved_cache.as_ref().expect("BAL prewarm should only run with cache");
                 let caches = saved_cache.cache().clone();
                 let cache_metrics = saved_cache.metrics().clone();
-                slot.insert(CachedStateProvider::new_prewarm(built, caches, cache_metrics))
+                slot.insert(CachedStateProvider::new(built, caches, cache_metrics))
             }
         };
 
@@ -639,24 +629,11 @@ where
 
         let _ = state_provider.basic_account(&account.address);
 
-        if self.disable_bal_batch_io {
-            for slot in &account.storage_changes {
-                let _ = state_provider.storage(account.address, StorageKey::from(slot.slot));
-            }
-            for &slot in &account.storage_reads {
-                let _ = state_provider.storage(account.address, StorageKey::from(slot));
-            }
-        } else {
-            let slots: Vec<StorageKey> = account
-                .storage_changes
-                .iter()
-                .map(|s| StorageKey::from(s.slot))
-                .merge_join_by(account.storage_reads.iter().map(|&s| StorageKey::from(s)), Ord::cmp)
-                .map(|either| match either {
-                    EitherOrBoth::Left(k) | EitherOrBoth::Right(k) | EitherOrBoth::Both(k, _) => k,
-                })
-                .collect();
-            let _ = state_provider.storage_range(account.address, &slots);
+        for slot in &account.storage_changes {
+            let _ = state_provider.storage(account.address, StorageKey::from(slot.slot));
+        }
+        for &slot in &account.storage_reads {
+            let _ = state_provider.storage(account.address, StorageKey::from(slot));
         }
 
         self.metrics.bal_slot_iteration_duration.record(start.elapsed().as_secs_f64());

crates/engine/tree/src/tree/payload_processor/sparse_trie.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use crate::tree::{
         dispatch_with_chunking, evm_state_to_hashed_post_state, MultiProofMessage,
         DEFAULT_MAX_TARGETS_FOR_CHUNKING,
     },
-    payload_processor::multiproof::MultiProofTaskMetrics,
+    payload_processor::{multiproof::MultiProofTaskMetrics, SparseTrieCheckout},
 };
 use alloy_primitives::B256;
 use alloy_rlp::{Decodable, Encodable};
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ use reth_trie_parallel::{
 use reth_trie_sparse::debug_recorder::TrieDebugRecorder;
 use reth_trie_sparse::{
     errors::SparseTrieResult, ConfigurableSparseTrie, DeferredDrops, LeafUpdate,
-    RevealableSparseTrie, SparseStateTrie, SparseTrie,
+    RevealableSparseTrie,
 };
 use revm_primitives::{hash_map::Entry, B256Map};
 use tracing::{debug, debug_span, error, instrument, trace_span};
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ use tracing::{debug, debug_span, error, instrument, trace_span};
 const MAX_PENDING_UPDATES: usize = 100;
 
 /// Sparse trie task implementation that uses in-memory sparse trie data to schedule proof fetching.
-pub(super) struct SparseTrieCacheTask<A = ConfigurableSparseTrie, S = ConfigurableSparseTrie> {
+pub(super) struct SparseTrieCacheTask {
     /// Sender for proof results.
     proof_result_tx: CrossbeamSender<ProofResultMessage>,
     /// Receiver for proof results directly from workers.
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ pub(super) struct SparseTrieCacheTask<A = ConfigurableSparseTrie, S = Configurab
     /// Receives updates from execution and prewarming.
     updates: CrossbeamReceiver<SparseTrieTaskMessage>,
     /// `SparseStateTrie` used for computing the state root.
-    trie: SparseStateTrie<A, S>,
+    trie: SparseTrieCheckout,
     /// Handle to the proof worker pools (storage and account).
     proof_worker_handle: ProofWorkerHandle,
 
@@ -110,18 +110,14 @@ pub(super) struct SparseTrieCacheTask<A = ConfigurableSparseTrie, S = Configurab
     metrics: MultiProofTaskMetrics,
 }
 
-impl<A, S> SparseTrieCacheTask<A, S>
-where
-    A: SparseTrie + Default,
-    S: SparseTrie + Default + Clone,
-{
+impl SparseTrieCacheTask {
     /// Creates a new sparse trie, pre-populating with an existing [`SparseStateTrie`].
-    pub(super) fn new_with_trie(
+    pub(super) fn new_with_checkout(
         executor: &Runtime,
         updates: CrossbeamReceiver<MultiProofMessage>,
         proof_worker_handle: ProofWorkerHandle,
         metrics: MultiProofTaskMetrics,
-        trie: SparseStateTrie<A, S>,
+        trie: SparseTrieCheckout,
         chunk_size: usize,
     ) -> Self {
         let (proof_result_tx, proof_result_rx) = crossbeam_channel::unbounded();
@@ -205,7 +201,7 @@ where
         max_values_capacity: usize,
         disable_pruning: bool,
         updates: &TrieUpdates,
-    ) -> (SparseStateTrie<A, S>, DeferredDrops) {
+    ) -> (SparseTrieCheckout, DeferredDrops) {
         let Self { mut trie, .. } = self;
         trie.commit_updates(updates);
         if !disable_pruning {
@@ -224,7 +220,7 @@ where
         self,
         max_nodes_capacity: usize,
         max_values_capacity: usize,
-    ) -> (SparseStateTrie<A, S>, DeferredDrops) {
+    ) -> (SparseTrieCheckout, DeferredDrops) {
         let Self { mut trie, .. } = self;
         trie.clear();
         trie.shrink_to(max_nodes_capacity, max_values_capacity);
@@ -306,20 +302,14 @@ where
                 self.promote_pending_account_updates()?;
                 self.metrics.sparse_trie_process_updates_duration_histogram.record(t.elapsed());
 
-                if self.finished_state_updates &&
-                    self.account_updates.is_empty() &&
-                    self.storage_updates.iter().all(|(_, updates)| updates.is_empty())
+                if self.finished_state_updates
+                    && self.account_updates.is_empty()
+                    && self.storage_updates.iter().all(|(_, updates)| updates.is_empty())
                 {
                     break;
                 }
 
                 self.dispatch_pending_targets();
-
-                // If there's still no pending updates spend some time pre-computing the account
-                // trie upper hashes
-                if self.proof_result_rx.is_empty() {
-                    self.trie.calculate_subtries();
-                }
             } else if self.updates.is_empty() || self.pending_updates > MAX_PENDING_UPDATES {
                 // If we don't have any pending updates OR we've accumulated a lot already, apply
                 // them to the trie,
@@ -606,7 +596,6 @@ where
 
         Ok(updates_len_after < updates_len_before)
     }
-
     /// Computes storage roots for accounts whose storage updates are fully drained.
     ///
     /// For each storage trie T that:
@@ -627,16 +616,16 @@ where
             .filter_map(|(address, updates)| updates.is_empty().then_some(*address))
             .collect();
 
-        struct SendStorageTriePtr<S>(*mut RevealableSparseTrie<S>);
+        struct SendStorageTriePtr(*mut RevealableSparseTrie<ConfigurableSparseTrie>);
         // SAFETY: this wrapper only forwards the pointer across rayon; deref invariants are
         // documented at the use site below.
-        unsafe impl<S: Send> Send for SendStorageTriePtr<S> {}
+        unsafe impl Send for SendStorageTriePtr {}
 
-        let mut tries_to_compute_roots: Vec<(B256, SendStorageTriePtr<S>)> =
+        let mut tries_to_compute_roots: Vec<(B256, SendStorageTriePtr)> =
             Vec::with_capacity(addresses_to_compute_roots.len());
         for address in addresses_to_compute_roots {
-            if let Some(trie) = self.trie.storage_tries_mut().get_mut(&address) &&
-                !trie.is_root_cached()
+            if let Some(trie) = self.trie.storage_tries_mut().get_mut(&address)
+                && !trie.is_root_cached()
             {
                 tries_to_compute_roots.push((address, SendStorageTriePtr(trie)));
             }
@@ -735,7 +724,7 @@ where
             // We need to keep iterating if any updates are being drained because that might
             // indicate that more pending account updates can be promoted.
             if num_promoted == 0 || !self.process_account_leaf_updates(false)? {
-                break
+                break;
             }
         }
 
@@ -856,7 +845,6 @@ pub struct StateRootComputeOutcome {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use alloy_primitives::{keccak256, Address, B256, U256};
-    use reth_trie_sparse::ArenaParallelSparseTrie;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_run_hashing_task_hashed_state_update_forwards() {
@@ -879,10 +867,7 @@ mod tests {
         let expected_state = hashed_state.clone();
 
         let handle = std::thread::spawn(move || {
-            SparseTrieCacheTask::<ArenaParallelSparseTrie, ArenaParallelSparseTrie>::run_hashing_task(
-                updates_rx,
-                hashed_state_tx,
-            );
+            SparseTrieCacheTask::run_hashing_task(updates_rx, hashed_state_tx);
         });
 
         updates_tx.send(MultiProofMessage::HashedStateUpdate(hashed_state)).unwrap();

crates/engine/tree/src/tree/payload_validator.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use crate::tree::{
     cached_state::{CacheStats, CachedStateProvider},
     error::{InsertBlockError, InsertBlockErrorKind, InsertPayloadError},
     instrumented_state::{InstrumentedStateProvider, StateProviderStats},
-    payload_processor::PayloadProcessor,
+    payload_processor::{EngineSharedCaches, PayloadProcessor},
     precompile_cache::{CachedPrecompile, CachedPrecompileMetrics, PrecompileCacheMap},
     sparse_trie::StateRootComputeOutcome,
     CacheWaitDurations, EngineApiMetrics, EngineApiTreeState, ExecutionEnv, PayloadHandle,
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ use alloy_eip7928::BlockAccessList;
 use alloy_eips::{eip1898::BlockWithParent, eip4895::Withdrawal, NumHash};
 use alloy_evm::Evm;
 use alloy_primitives::{map::B256Set, B256};
-use alloy_rlp::Decodable;
 #[cfg(feature = "trie-debug")]
 use reth_trie_sparse::debug_recorder::TrieDebugRecorder;
 
@@ -191,16 +190,13 @@ where
         validator: V,
         config: TreeConfig,
         invalid_block_hook: Box<dyn InvalidBlockHook<N>>,
+        shared_caches: EngineSharedCaches<Evm>,
         changeset_cache: ChangesetCache,
         runtime: reth_tasks::Runtime,
     ) -> Self {
-        let precompile_cache_map = PrecompileCacheMap::default();
-        let payload_processor = PayloadProcessor::new(
-            runtime.clone(),
-            evm_config.clone(),
-            &config,
-            precompile_cache_map.clone(),
-        );
+        let precompile_cache_map = shared_caches.precompile_cache_map();
+        let payload_processor =
+            PayloadProcessor::new(runtime.clone(), evm_config.clone(), &config, shared_caches);
         Self {
             provider,
             consensus,
@@ -314,7 +310,7 @@ where
         // Validate block consensus rules which includes header validation
         if let Err(consensus_err) = self.validate_block_inner(&block, None) {
             // Header validation error takes precedence over execution error
-            return Err(InsertBlockError::new(block, consensus_err.into()).into())
+            return Err(InsertBlockError::new(block, consensus_err.into()).into());
         }
 
         // Also validate against the parent
@@ -322,7 +318,7 @@ where
             self.consensus.validate_header_against_parent(block.sealed_header(), parent_block)
         {
             // Parent validation error takes precedence over execution error
-            return Err(InsertBlockError::new(block, consensus_err.into()).into())
+            return Err(InsertBlockError::new(block, consensus_err.into()).into());
         }
 
         // No header validation errors, return the original execution error
@@ -397,7 +393,7 @@ where
                     Ok(val) => val,
                     Err(e) => {
                         let block = convert_to_block(input)?;
-                        return Err(InsertBlockError::new(block, e.into()).into())
+                        return Err(InsertBlockError::new(block, e.into()).into());
                     }
                 }
             };
@@ -430,7 +426,7 @@ where
                 convert_to_block(input)?,
                 ProviderError::HeaderNotFound(parent_hash.into()).into(),
             )
-            .into())
+            .into());
         };
         let mut state_provider = ensure_ok!(provider_builder.build());
         drop(_enter);
@@ -443,7 +439,7 @@ where
                 convert_to_block(input)?,
                 ProviderError::HeaderNotFound(parent_hash.into()).into(),
             )
-            .into())
+            .into());
         };
 
         let evm_env = debug_span!(target: "engine::tree::payload_validator", "evm_env")
@@ -763,7 +759,7 @@ where
                 )
                 .into(),
             )
-            .into())
+            .into());
         }
 
         let timing_stats = state_provider_stats.map(|stats| {
@@ -825,14 +821,14 @@ where
     ) -> Result<(), ConsensusError> {
         if let Err(e) = self.consensus.validate_header(block.sealed_header()) {
             error!(target: "engine::tree::payload_validator", ?block, "Failed to validate header {}: {e}", block.hash());
-            return Err(e)
+            return Err(e);
         }
 
         if let Err(e) =
             self.consensus.validate_block_pre_execution_with_tx_root(block, transaction_root)
         {
             error!(target: "engine::tree::payload_validator", ?block, "Failed to validate block {}: {e}", block.hash());
-            return Err(e)
+            return Err(e);
         }
 
         Ok(())
@@ -865,21 +861,15 @@ where
         S: StateProvider + Send,
         Err: core::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static,
         V: PayloadValidator<T, Block = N::Block>,
-        T: PayloadTypes<
-            BuiltPayload: BuiltPayload<Primitives = N>,
-            ExecutionData: ExecutionPayload,
-        >,
+        T: PayloadTypes<BuiltPayload: BuiltPayload<Primitives = N>>,
         Evm: ConfigureEngineEvm<T::ExecutionData, Primitives = N>,
     {
         debug!(target: "engine::tree::payload_validator", "Executing block");
 
-        let has_bal = input.block_access_list().is_some();
-
         let mut db = debug_span!(target: "engine::tree", "build_state_db").in_scope(|| {
             State::builder()
                 .with_database(StateProviderDatabase::new(state_provider))
                 .with_bundle_update()
-                .with_bal_builder_if(has_bal)
                 .build()
         });
 
@@ -938,7 +928,6 @@ where
             handle.iter_transactions(),
             &receipt_tx,
             &executed_tx_index,
-            has_bal,
         )?;
         drop(receipt_tx);
 
@@ -953,32 +942,6 @@ where
         debug_span!(target: "engine::tree", "merge_transitions")
             .in_scope(|| db.merge_transitions(BundleRetention::Reverts));
 
-        // Validate BAL hash if we executed with BAL tracking
-        if has_bal {
-            // Get the expected BAL from input and the built BAL from execution
-            let expected_bal =
-                input.block_access_list().transpose().map_err(BlockExecutionError::other)?;
-
-            let built_bal = db.take_built_alloy_bal();
-
-            // Compute hashes and compare
-            let expected_hash = expected_bal
-                .as_ref()
-                .map(|bal| alloy_eips::eip7928::compute_block_access_list_hash(bal));
-
-            let built_hash = built_bal
-                .as_ref()
-                .map(|bal| alloy_eips::eip7928::compute_block_access_list_hash(bal));
-
-            if let (Some(expected), Some(got)) = (expected_hash, built_hash) &&
-                expected != got
-            {
-                return Err(InsertBlockErrorKind::Consensus(
-                    ConsensusError::BlockAccessListHashMismatch((got, expected).into()),
-                ));
-            }
-        }
-
         let output = BlockExecutionOutput { result, state: db.take_bundle() };
 
         let execution_duration = execution_start.elapsed();
@@ -996,21 +959,18 @@ where
     /// - Executing each transaction with timing metrics
     /// - Streaming receipts to the receipt root computation task
     /// - Collecting transaction senders for later use
-    /// - Bumping BAL index after each transaction when BAL tracking is enabled
     ///
     /// Returns the executor (for finalization) and the collected senders.
-    fn execute_transactions<'a, E, Tx, InnerTx, Err, DB>(
+    fn execute_transactions<E, Tx, InnerTx, Err>(
         &self,
         mut executor: E,
         transaction_count: usize,
         transactions: impl Iterator<Item = Result<Tx, Err>>,
         receipt_tx: &crossbeam_channel::Sender<IndexedReceipt<N::Receipt>>,
         executed_tx_index: &AtomicUsize,
-        has_bal: bool,
     ) -> Result<(E, Vec<Address>), BlockExecutionError>
     where
-        E: BlockExecutor<Receipt = N::Receipt, Evm: alloy_evm::Evm<DB = &'a mut State<DB>>>,
-        DB: revm::Database + 'a,
+        E: BlockExecutor<Receipt = N::Receipt>,
         Tx: alloy_evm::block::ExecutableTx<E> + alloy_evm::RecoveredTx<InnerTx>,
         InnerTx: TxHashRef,
         Err: core::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static,
@@ -1023,11 +983,6 @@ where
             .in_scope(|| executor.apply_pre_execution_changes())?;
         self.metrics.record_pre_execution(pre_exec_start.elapsed());
 
-        // Bump BAL index after pre-execution changes (EIP-7928: index 0 is pre-execution)
-        if has_bal {
-            executor.evm_mut().db_mut().bump_bal_index();
-        }
-
         // Execute transactions
         let exec_span = debug_span!(target: "engine::tree", "execution").entered();
         let mut transactions = transactions.into_iter();
@@ -1072,10 +1027,6 @@ where
                     let _ = receipt_tx.send(IndexedReceipt::new(tx_index, receipt.clone()));
                 }
             }
-            // Bump BAL index after each transaction (EIP-7928)
-            if has_bal {
-                executor.evm_mut().db_mut().bump_bal_index();
-            }
         }
         drop(exec_span);
 
@@ -1369,7 +1320,7 @@ where
         trace!(target: "engine::tree::payload_validator", block=?block.num_hash(), "Validating block consensus");
         // validate block consensus rules
         if let Err(e) = self.validate_block_inner(block, transaction_root) {
-            return Err(e.into())
+            return Err(e.into());
         }
 
         // now validate against the parent
@@ -1378,7 +1329,7 @@ where
             self.consensus.validate_header_against_parent(block.sealed_header(), parent_block)
         {
             warn!(target: "engine::tree::payload_validator", ?block, "Failed to validate header {} against parent: {e}", block.hash());
-            return Err(e.into())
+            return Err(e.into());
         }
         drop(_enter);
 
@@ -1386,16 +1337,12 @@ where
         let _enter =
             debug_span!(target: "engine::tree::payload_validator", "validate_block_post_execution")
                 .entered();
-        if let Err(err) = self.consensus.validate_block_post_execution(
-            block,
-            output,
-            receipt_root_bloom,
-            None,
-            false,
-        ) {
+        if let Err(err) =
+            self.consensus.validate_block_post_execution(block, output, receipt_root_bloom)
+        {
             // call post-block hook
             self.on_invalid_block(parent_block, block, output, None, ctx.state_mut());
-            return Err(err.into())
+            return Err(err.into());
         }
         drop(_enter);
 
@@ -1411,7 +1358,7 @@ where
         {
             // call post-block hook
             self.on_invalid_block(parent_block, block, output, None, ctx.state_mut());
-            return Err(err.into())
+            return Err(err.into());
         }
 
         // record post-execution validation duration
@@ -1519,7 +1466,7 @@ where
                 self.provider.clone(),
                 historical,
                 Some(blocks),
-            )))
+            )));
         }
 
         // Check if the block is persisted
@@ -1527,7 +1474,7 @@ where
             debug!(target: "engine::tree::payload_validator", %hash, number = %header.number(), "found canonical state for block in database, creating provider builder");
             // For persisted blocks, we create a builder that will fetch state directly from the
             // database
-            return Ok(Some(StateProviderBuilder::new(self.provider.clone(), hash, None)))
+            return Ok(Some(StateProviderBuilder::new(self.provider.clone(), hash, None)));
         }
 
         debug!(target: "engine::tree::payload_validator", %hash, "no canonical state found for block");
@@ -1559,7 +1506,7 @@ where
     ) {
         if state.invalid_headers.get(&block.hash()).is_some() {
             // we already marked this block as invalid
-            return
+            return;
         }
         self.invalid_block_hook.on_invalid_block(parent_header, block, output, trie_updates);
     }
@@ -2078,16 +2025,9 @@ impl<T: PayloadTypes> BlockOrPayload<T> {
     }
 
     /// Returns the block access list if available.
-    pub fn block_access_list(&self) -> Option<Result<BlockAccessList, alloy_rlp::Error>>
-    where
-        T::ExecutionData: ExecutionPayload,
-    {
-        match self {
-            Self::Payload(payload) => payload
-                .block_access_list()
-                .map(|bytes| BlockAccessList::decode(&mut bytes.as_ref())),
-            Self::Block(_) => None,
-        }
+    pub const fn block_access_list(&self) -> Option<Result<BlockAccessList, alloy_rlp::Error>> {
+        // TODO decode and return `BlockAccessList`
+        None
     }
 
     /// Returns the number of transactions in the payload or block.
@@ -2122,15 +2062,4 @@ impl<T: PayloadTypes> BlockOrPayload<T> {
             Self::Block(block) => block.gas_used(),
         }
     }
-
-    /// Returns the gas limit used by the block.
-    pub fn gas_limit(&self) -> u64
-    where
-        T::ExecutionData: ExecutionPayload,
-    {
-        match self {
-            Self::Payload(payload) => payload.gas_limit(),
-            Self::Block(block) => block.gas_limit(),
-        }
-    }
 }

crates/engine/tree/src/tree/state.rs

@@ -74,11 +74,6 @@ impl<N: NodePrimitives> TreeState<N> {
         self.blocks_by_hash.get(&hash)
     }
 
-    /// Returns `true` if a block with the given hash exists in memory.
-    pub fn contains_hash(&self, hash: &B256) -> bool {
-        self.blocks_by_hash.contains_key(hash)
-    }
-
     /// Returns the sealed block header by hash.
     pub fn sealed_header_by_hash(&self, hash: &B256) -> Option<SealedHeader<N::BlockHeader>> {
         self.blocks_by_hash.get(hash).map(|b| b.sealed_block().sealed_header().clone())

crates/engine/tree/src/tree/tests.rs

@@ -203,6 +203,7 @@ impl TestHarness {
             payload_validator,
             TreeConfig::default(),
             Box::new(NoopInvalidBlockHook::default()),
+            EngineSharedCaches::default(),
             changeset_cache.clone(),
             reth_tasks::Runtime::test(),
         );
@@ -407,6 +408,7 @@ impl ValidatorTestHarness {
             payload_validator,
             TreeConfig::default(),
             Box::new(NoopInvalidBlockHook::default()),
+            EngineSharedCaches::default(),
             changeset_cache,
             reth_tasks::Runtime::test(),
         );

crates/engine/tree/tests/shared_caches_sdk.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//! SDK smoke tests for `EngineSharedCaches`.
+
+use alloy_primitives::B256;
+use reth_engine_tree::tree::{
+    EngineSharedCaches, PayloadSparseTrieKind, PayloadSparseTrieStoreOutcome,
+};
+use reth_evm_ethereum::EthEvmConfig;
+
+#[test]
+fn engine_shared_caches_exposes_public_sparse_trie_sdk() {
+    let caches =
+        EngineSharedCaches::<EthEvmConfig>::with_sparse_trie_kind(PayloadSparseTrieKind::Arena);
+
+    let _precompile_cache_map = caches.precompile_cache_map();
+
+    let sparse_trie_cache = caches.sparse_trie_cache();
+    assert_eq!(sparse_trie_cache.kind(), PayloadSparseTrieKind::Arena);
+    let state_root = B256::with_last_byte(1);
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        sparse_trie_cache.take_or_create_for(state_root).store_anchored(state_root),
+        PayloadSparseTrieStoreOutcome::Stored
+    );
+
+    let checkout = sparse_trie_cache.take_or_create_for(state_root);
+    assert!(checkout.memory_size() > 0 || checkout.retained_storage_tries_count() == 0);
+}

crates/era-downloader/src/client.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use eyre::{eyre, OptionExt};
 use futures_util::{stream::StreamExt, Stream, TryStreamExt};
 use reqwest::{Client, IntoUrl, Url};
 use reth_era::common::file_ops::EraFileType;
+use reth_fs_util::FsPathError;
 use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
 use std::{future::Future, path::Path, str::FromStr};
 use tokio::{
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ impl<Http: HttpClient + Clone> EraClient<Http> {
                     let Some(number) = self.file_name_to_number(name) &&
                     (number < index || number >= last)
                 {
-                    reth_fs_util::remove_file_if_exists(entry.path())?;
+                    remove_file_ignore_not_found(entry.path())?;
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -321,6 +322,16 @@ impl<Http: HttpClient + Clone> EraClient<Http> {
     }
 }
 
+fn remove_file_ignore_not_found(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> eyre::Result<()> {
+    match reth_fs_util::remove_file(path) {
+        Ok(()) => Ok(()),
+        Err(FsPathError::RemoveFile { source, .. }) if source.kind() == io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {
+            Ok(())
+        }
+        Err(err) => Err(err.into()),
+    }
+}
+
 async fn checksum(mut reader: impl AsyncRead + Unpin) -> eyre::Result<Vec<u8>> {
     let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
 
@@ -367,4 +378,25 @@ mod tests {
 
         assert_eq!(actual_number, expected_number);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_remove_file_ignore_not_found() {
+        let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = temp_dir.path().join("missing.era1");
+
+        assert!(remove_file_ignore_not_found(&path).is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_remove_file_ignore_not_found_preserves_other_errors() {
+        let temp_dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = temp_dir.path().join("dir");
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&path).unwrap();
+
+        let err = remove_file_ignore_not_found(&path).unwrap_err();
+        assert!(matches!(
+            err.downcast_ref::<FsPathError>(),
+            Some(FsPathError::RemoveFile { source, .. }) if source.kind() != io::ErrorKind::NotFound
+        ));
+    }
 }

crates/era/src/test_utils.rs

@@ -34,8 +34,6 @@ pub(crate) fn create_header() -> Header {
         excess_blob_gas: None,
         parent_beacon_block_root: None,
         requests_hash: None,
-        block_access_list_hash: None,
-        slot_number: None,
     }
 }
 
@@ -140,8 +138,6 @@ pub(crate) fn create_test_block_with_compressed_data(number: BlockNumber) -> Blo
         excess_blob_gas: None,
         parent_beacon_block_root: None,
         requests_hash: None,
-        block_access_list_hash: None,
-        slot_number: None,
     };
 
     // Create test body

crates/ethereum/consensus/src/lib.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ extern crate alloc;
 
 use alloc::{fmt::Debug, sync::Arc};
 use alloy_consensus::{constants::MAXIMUM_EXTRA_DATA_SIZE, EMPTY_OMMER_ROOT_HASH};
-use alloy_eips::{eip7840::BlobParams, eip7928::BlockAccessList};
+use alloy_eips::eip7840::BlobParams;
 use reth_chainspec::{EthChainSpec, EthereumHardforks};
 use reth_consensus::{
     Consensus, ConsensusError, FullConsensus, HeaderValidator, ReceiptRootBloom, TransactionRoot,
@@ -43,18 +43,12 @@ pub struct EthBeaconConsensus<ChainSpec> {
     chain_spec: Arc<ChainSpec>,
     /// Maximum allowed extra data size in bytes
     max_extra_data_size: usize,
-    /// When true, skips the gas limit change validation between parent and child blocks.
-    skip_gas_limit_ramp_check: bool,
 }
 
 impl<ChainSpec: EthChainSpec + EthereumHardforks> EthBeaconConsensus<ChainSpec> {
     /// Create a new instance of [`EthBeaconConsensus`]
     pub const fn new(chain_spec: Arc<ChainSpec>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            chain_spec,
-            max_extra_data_size: MAXIMUM_EXTRA_DATA_SIZE,
-            skip_gas_limit_ramp_check: false,
-        }
+        Self { chain_spec, max_extra_data_size: MAXIMUM_EXTRA_DATA_SIZE }
     }
 
     /// Returns the maximum allowed extra data size.
@@ -68,12 +62,6 @@ impl<ChainSpec: EthChainSpec + EthereumHardforks> EthBeaconConsensus<ChainSpec>
         self
     }
 
-    /// Disables the gas limit change validation between parent and child blocks.
-    pub const fn with_skip_gas_limit_ramp_check(mut self, skip: bool) -> Self {
-        self.skip_gas_limit_ramp_check = skip;
-        self
-    }
-
     /// Returns the chain spec associated with this consensus engine.
     pub const fn chain_spec(&self) -> &Arc<ChainSpec> {
         &self.chain_spec
@@ -90,8 +78,6 @@ where
         block: &RecoveredBlock<N::Block>,
         result: &BlockExecutionResult<N::Receipt>,
         receipt_root_bloom: Option<ReceiptRootBloom>,
-        block_access_list: Option<BlockAccessList>,
-        allow_bal_check: bool,
     ) -> Result<(), ConsensusError> {
         validate_block_post_execution(
             block,
@@ -99,9 +85,6 @@ where
             &result.receipts,
             &result.requests,
             receipt_root_bloom,
-            &block_access_list,
-            allow_bal_check,
-            Some(result.gas_used),
         )
     }
 }
@@ -222,9 +205,7 @@ where
 
         validate_against_parent_timestamp(header.header(), parent.header())?;
 
-        if !self.skip_gas_limit_ramp_check {
-            validate_against_parent_gas_limit(header, parent, &self.chain_spec)?;
-        }
+        validate_against_parent_gas_limit(header, parent, &self.chain_spec)?;
 
         validate_against_parent_eip1559_base_fee(
             header.header(),

crates/ethereum/consensus/src/validation.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
 use alloy_consensus::{proofs::calculate_receipt_root, BlockHeader, TxReceipt};
-use alloy_eips::{
-    eip7685::Requests,
-    eip7928::{compute_block_access_list_hash, BlockAccessList},
-    Encodable2718,
-};
+use alloy_eips::{eip7685::Requests, Encodable2718};
 use alloy_primitives::{Bloom, Bytes, B256};
 use reth_chainspec::EthereumHardforks;
 use reth_consensus::ConsensusError;
@@ -19,56 +15,27 @@ use reth_primitives_traits::{
 ///
 /// If `receipt_root_bloom` is provided, the pre-computed receipt root and logs bloom are used
 /// instead of computing them from the receipts.
-///
-///  If `allow_bal_check` is true, we compute the bal hash and match with the header bal hash
-///
-/// `gas_spent` is the `gas_used` value from the block execution result. When EIP-7778
-/// (Amsterdam) is active, block header `gas_used` tracks gas before refunds while receipt
-/// `cumulative_gas_used` tracks gas after refunds. In that case, the header must be validated
-/// against the execution result's `gas_used` rather than the receipt value.
-#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 pub fn validate_block_post_execution<B, R, ChainSpec>(
     block: &RecoveredBlock<B>,
     chain_spec: &ChainSpec,
     receipts: &[R],
     requests: &Requests,
     receipt_root_bloom: Option<(B256, Bloom)>,
-    block_access_list: &Option<BlockAccessList>,
-    allow_bal_check: bool,
-    gas_spent: Option<u64>,
 ) -> Result<(), ConsensusError>
 where
     B: Block,
     R: Receipt,
     ChainSpec: EthereumHardforks,
 {
-    // EIP-7778: When Amsterdam is active, block header gas_used tracks gas before refunds,
-    // but receipt cumulative_gas_used still tracks gas after refunds. Use the execution
-    // result's gas_used which always matches the header semantics.
+    // Check if gas used matches the value set in header.
     let cumulative_gas_used =
-        if chain_spec.is_amsterdam_active_at_timestamp(block.header().timestamp()) {
-            gas_spent.unwrap_or_default()
-        } else {
-            receipts.last().map(|receipt| receipt.cumulative_gas_used()).unwrap_or(0)
-        };
+        receipts.last().map(|receipt| receipt.cumulative_gas_used()).unwrap_or(0);
     if block.header().gas_used() != cumulative_gas_used {
         return Err(ConsensusError::BlockGasUsed {
             gas: GotExpected { got: cumulative_gas_used, expected: block.header().gas_used() },
             gas_spent_by_tx: gas_spent_by_transactions(receipts),
         })
     }
-    // Validate that the block access list hash matches the calculated block access list hash
-    if chain_spec.is_amsterdam_active_at_timestamp(block.header().timestamp()) && allow_bal_check {
-        let block_bal_hash = block.header().block_access_list_hash().unwrap_or_default();
-        let default_bal = BlockAccessList::default();
-        let block_access_list_hash =
-            compute_block_access_list_hash(block_access_list.as_ref().unwrap_or(&default_bal));
-        if block_access_list_hash != block_bal_hash {
-            return Err(ConsensusError::BlockAccessListHashMismatch(
-                (block_access_list_hash, block_bal_hash).into(),
-            ))
-        }
-    }
 
     // Before Byzantium, receipts contained state root that would mean that expensive
     // operation as hashing that is required for state root got calculated in every

crates/ethereum/engine-primitives/src/lib.rs

@@ -17,12 +17,11 @@ pub use payload::{payload_id, BlobSidecars, EthBuiltPayload, EthPayloadBuilderAt
 mod error;
 pub use error::*;
 
-use alloy_rpc_types_engine::{
-    ExecutionData, ExecutionPayload, ExecutionPayloadEnvelopeV5, ExecutionPayloadEnvelopeV6,
-};
+use alloy_rpc_types_engine::{ExecutionData, ExecutionPayload};
 pub use alloy_rpc_types_engine::{
     ExecutionPayloadEnvelopeV2, ExecutionPayloadEnvelopeV3, ExecutionPayloadEnvelopeV4,
-    ExecutionPayloadV1, PayloadAttributes as EthPayloadAttributes,
+    ExecutionPayloadEnvelopeV5, ExecutionPayloadEnvelopeV6, ExecutionPayloadV1,
+    PayloadAttributes as EthPayloadAttributes,
 };
 use reth_engine_primitives::EngineTypes;
 use reth_payload_primitives::{BuiltPayload, PayloadTypes};

crates/ethereum/engine-primitives/src/payload.rs

@@ -6,15 +6,13 @@ use alloy_eips::{
     eip4895::Withdrawals,
     eip7594::{BlobTransactionSidecarEip7594, BlobTransactionSidecarVariant},
     eip7685::Requests,
-    eip7928::BlockAccessList,
 };
 use alloy_primitives::{Address, B256, U256};
 use alloy_rlp::Encodable;
 use alloy_rpc_types_engine::{
     BlobsBundleV1, BlobsBundleV2, ExecutionPayloadEnvelopeV2, ExecutionPayloadEnvelopeV3,
     ExecutionPayloadEnvelopeV4, ExecutionPayloadEnvelopeV5, ExecutionPayloadEnvelopeV6,
-    ExecutionPayloadFieldV2, ExecutionPayloadV1, ExecutionPayloadV3, ExecutionPayloadV4,
-    PayloadAttributes, PayloadId,
+    ExecutionPayloadFieldV2, ExecutionPayloadV1, ExecutionPayloadV3, PayloadAttributes, PayloadId,
 };
 use core::convert::Infallible;
 use reth_ethereum_primitives::EthPrimitives;
@@ -43,8 +41,6 @@ pub struct EthBuiltPayload<N: NodePrimitives = EthPrimitives> {
     pub(crate) sidecars: BlobSidecars,
     /// The requests of the payload
     pub(crate) requests: Option<Requests>,
-    /// The block access list of the payload
-    pub(crate) block_access_list: Option<BlockAccessList>,
 }
 
 // === impl BuiltPayload ===
@@ -58,9 +54,8 @@ impl<N: NodePrimitives> EthBuiltPayload<N> {
         block: Arc<SealedBlock<N::Block>>,
         fees: U256,
         requests: Option<Requests>,
-        block_access_list: Option<BlockAccessList>,
     ) -> Self {
-        Self { id, block, fees, requests, sidecars: BlobSidecars::Empty, block_access_list }
+        Self { id, block, fees, requests, sidecars: BlobSidecars::Empty }
     }
 
     /// Returns the identifier of the payload.
@@ -167,35 +162,10 @@ impl EthBuiltPayload {
     }
 
     /// Try converting built payload into [`ExecutionPayloadEnvelopeV6`].
+    ///
+    /// Note: Amsterdam fork is not yet implemented, so this conversion is not yet supported.
     pub fn try_into_v6(self) -> Result<ExecutionPayloadEnvelopeV6, BuiltPayloadConversionError> {
-        let Self { block, fees, sidecars, requests, block_access_list, .. } = self;
-
-        let blobs_bundle = match sidecars {
-            BlobSidecars::Empty => BlobsBundleV2::empty(),
-            BlobSidecars::Eip7594(sidecars) => BlobsBundleV2::from(sidecars),
-            BlobSidecars::Eip4844(_) => {
-                return Err(BuiltPayloadConversionError::UnexpectedEip4844Sidecars)
-            }
-        };
-        Ok(ExecutionPayloadEnvelopeV6 {
-            execution_payload: ExecutionPayloadV4::from_block_unchecked_with_bal(
-                block.hash(),
-                &Arc::unwrap_or_clone(block).into_block(),
-                alloy_rlp::encode(block_access_list.unwrap_or_default()).into(),
-            ),
-            block_value: fees,
-            // From the engine API spec:
-            //
-            // > Client software **MAY** use any heuristics to decide whether to set
-            // `shouldOverrideBuilder` flag or not. If client software does not implement any
-            // heuristic this flag **SHOULD** be set to `false`.
-            //
-            // Spec:
-            // <https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/blob/fe8e13c288c592ec154ce25c534e26cb7ce0530d/src/engine/cancun.md#specification-2>
-            should_override_builder: false,
-            blobs_bundle,
-            execution_requests: requests.unwrap_or_default(),
-        })
+        unimplemented!("ExecutionPayloadEnvelopeV6 not yet supported")
     }
 }
 
@@ -378,8 +348,6 @@ pub struct EthPayloadBuilderAttributes {
     pub withdrawals: Withdrawals,
     /// Root of the parent beacon block
     pub parent_beacon_block_root: Option<B256>,
-    /// Slot number (EIP-7928, Amsterdam).
-    pub slot_number: Option<u64>,
 }
 
 // === impl EthPayloadBuilderAttributes ===
@@ -404,7 +372,6 @@ impl EthPayloadBuilderAttributes {
             prev_randao: attributes.prev_randao,
             withdrawals: attributes.withdrawals.unwrap_or_default().into(),
             parent_beacon_block_root: attributes.parent_beacon_block_root,
-            slot_number: attributes.slot_number,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -451,10 +418,6 @@ impl PayloadBuilderAttributes for EthPayloadBuilderAttributes {
     fn withdrawals(&self) -> &Withdrawals {
         &self.withdrawals
     }
-
-    fn slot_number(&self) -> Option<u64> {
-        self.slot_number
-    }
 }
 
 /// Generates the payload id for the configured payload from the [`PayloadAttributes`].
@@ -477,10 +440,6 @@ pub fn payload_id(parent: &B256, attributes: &PayloadAttributes) -> PayloadId {
         hasher.update(parent_beacon_block);
     }
 
-    if let Some(slot_number) = attributes.slot_number {
-        hasher.update(&slot_number.to_be_bytes()[..]);
-    }
-
     let out = hasher.finalize();
 
     #[allow(deprecated)] // generic-array 0.14 deprecated
@@ -518,7 +477,6 @@ mod tests {
             .unwrap(),
             withdrawals: None,
             parent_beacon_block_root: None,
-            slot_number: None,
         };
 
         // Verify that the generated payload ID matches the expected value
@@ -556,7 +514,6 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ]),
             parent_beacon_block_root: None,
-            slot_number: None,
         };
 
         // Verify that the generated payload ID matches the expected value
@@ -589,7 +546,6 @@ mod tests {
                 )
                 .unwrap(),
             ),
-            slot_number: None,
         };
 
         // Verify that the generated payload ID matches the expected value

crates/ethereum/evm/src/build.rs

@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@ where
             execution_ctx: ctx,
             parent,
             transactions,
-            output: BlockExecutionResult { receipts, requests, gas_used, blob_gas_used, .. },
+            output: BlockExecutionResult { receipts, requests, gas_used, blob_gas_used },
             state_root,
-            block_access_list_hash,
             ..
         } = input;
+
         let timestamp = evm_env.block_env.timestamp().saturating_to();
 
         let transactions_root = proofs::calculate_transaction_root(&transactions);
@@ -90,12 +90,6 @@ where
             };
         }
 
-        let bal_hash = if self.chain_spec.is_amsterdam_active_at_timestamp(timestamp) {
-            block_access_list_hash
-        } else {
-            None
-        };
-
         let header = Header {
             parent_hash: ctx.parent_hash,
             ommers_hash: EMPTY_OMMER_ROOT_HASH,
@@ -118,8 +112,6 @@ where
             blob_gas_used: block_blob_gas_used,
             excess_blob_gas,
             requests_hash,
-            block_access_list_hash: bal_hash,
-            slot_number: ctx.slot_number,
         };
 
         Ok(Block {

crates/ethereum/evm/src/lib.rs

@@ -175,7 +175,6 @@ where
                 suggested_fee_recipient: attributes.suggested_fee_recipient,
                 prev_randao: attributes.prev_randao,
                 gas_limit: attributes.gas_limit,
-                slot_number: attributes.slot_number,
             },
             self.chain_spec().next_block_base_fee(parent, attributes.timestamp).unwrap_or_default(),
             self.chain_spec(),
@@ -195,7 +194,6 @@ where
             ommers: &block.body().ommers,
             withdrawals: block.body().withdrawals.as_ref().map(|w| Cow::Borrowed(w.as_slice())),
             extra_data: block.header().extra_data.clone(),
-            slot_number: block.header().slot_number,
         })
     }
 
@@ -211,7 +209,6 @@ where
             ommers: &[],
             withdrawals: attributes.withdrawals.map(|w| Cow::Owned(w.into_inner())),
             extra_data: attributes.extra_data,
-            slot_number: attributes.slot_number,
         })
     }
 }
@@ -276,11 +273,7 @@ where
             gas_limit: payload.payload.gas_limit(),
             basefee: payload.payload.saturated_base_fee_per_gas(),
             blob_excess_gas_and_price,
-            slot_num: if spec >= SpecId::AMSTERDAM {
-                payload.payload.as_v4().unwrap().slot_number
-            } else {
-                Default::default()
-            },
+            slot_num: 0,
         };
 
         Ok(EvmEnv { cfg_env, block_env })
@@ -297,7 +290,6 @@ where
             ommers: &[],
             withdrawals: payload.payload.withdrawals().map(|w| Cow::Borrowed(w.as_slice())),
             extra_data: payload.payload.as_v1().extra_data.clone(),
-            slot_number: payload.payload.as_v4().map(|v4| v4.slot_number),
         })
     }
 

crates/ethereum/evm/src/receipt.rs

@@ -14,17 +14,13 @@ impl ReceiptBuilder for RethReceiptBuilder {
     type Receipt = Receipt;
 
     fn build_receipt<E: Evm>(&self, ctx: ReceiptBuilderCtx<'_, TxType, E>) -> Self::Receipt {
-        let ReceiptBuilderCtx { tx_type, result, cumulative_gas_used, gas_spent, .. } = ctx;
-        // EIP-7778: when active, `cumulative_gas_used` tracks gas before refunds (for block
-        // accounting), but receipts must use gas after refunds (unchanged). `gas_spent` holds the
-        // after-refund cumulative gas when EIP-7778 is active.
-        let receipt_gas = gas_spent.unwrap_or(cumulative_gas_used);
+        let ReceiptBuilderCtx { tx_type, result, cumulative_gas_used, .. } = ctx;
         Receipt {
             tx_type,
             // Success flag was added in `EIP-658: Embedding transaction status code in
             // receipts`.
             success: result.is_success(),
-            cumulative_gas_used: receipt_gas,
+            cumulative_gas_used,
             logs: result.into_logs(),
         }
     }

crates/ethereum/node/src/node.rs

@@ -293,7 +293,6 @@ where
             EthConfigHandler::new(ctx.node.provider().clone(), ctx.node.evm_config().clone());
 
         let testing_skip_invalid_transactions = ctx.config.rpc.testing_skip_invalid_transactions;
-        let testing_gas_limit_override = ctx.config.rpc.testing_gas_limit;
 
         self.inner
             .launch_add_ons_with(ctx, move |container| {
@@ -315,9 +314,6 @@ where
                 if testing_skip_invalid_transactions {
                     testing_api = testing_api.with_skip_invalid_transactions();
                 }
-                if let Some(gas_limit) = testing_gas_limit_override {
-                    testing_api = testing_api.with_gas_limit_override(gas_limit);
-                }
                 container
                     .modules
                     .merge_if_module_configured(RethRpcModule::Testing, testing_api.into_rpc())?;
@@ -567,10 +563,7 @@ where
     type Consensus = Arc<EthBeaconConsensus<<Node::Types as NodeTypes>::ChainSpec>>;
 
     async fn build_consensus(self, ctx: &BuilderContext<Node>) -> eyre::Result<Self::Consensus> {
-        Ok(Arc::new(
-            EthBeaconConsensus::new(ctx.chain_spec())
-                .with_skip_gas_limit_ramp_check(ctx.config().rpc.testing_skip_gas_limit_ramp_check),
-        ))
+        Ok(Arc::new(EthBeaconConsensus::new(ctx.chain_spec())))
     }
 }
 

crates/ethereum/node/tests/e2e/eth.rs

@@ -221,7 +221,6 @@ async fn test_testing_build_block_v1_osaka() -> eyre::Result<()> {
         suggested_fee_recipient: Address::ZERO,
         withdrawals: Some(vec![]),
         parent_beacon_block_root: Some(B256::ZERO),
-        slot_number: None,
     };
 
     let request = TestingBuildBlockRequestV1 {

crates/ethereum/node/tests/e2e/utils.rs

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ pub(crate) fn eth_payload_attributes(timestamp: u64) -> EthPayloadBuilderAttribu
         suggested_fee_recipient: Address::ZERO,
         withdrawals: Some(vec![]),
         parent_beacon_block_root: Some(B256::ZERO),
-        slot_number: None,
     };
     EthPayloadBuilderAttributes::new(B256::ZERO, attributes)
 }
@@ -39,7 +38,6 @@ pub(crate) fn eth_payload_attributes_shanghai(timestamp: u64) -> EthPayloadBuild
         suggested_fee_recipient: Address::ZERO,
         withdrawals: Some(vec![]),
         parent_beacon_block_root: None,
-        slot_number: None,
     };
     EthPayloadBuilderAttributes::new(B256::ZERO, attributes)
 }
@@ -85,9 +83,7 @@ where
                 tx = tx.into_create().with_input(dummy_bytecode.clone());
             } else {
                 tx = tx.with_to(*call_destinations.choose(rng).unwrap()).with_input(
-                    (0..rng.random_range(0..10000))
-                        .map(|_| rng.random::<u8>())
-                        .collect::<Vec<u8>>(),
+                    (0..rng.random_range(0..10000)).map(|_| rng.random()).collect::<Vec<u8>>(),
                 );
             }
 

crates/ethereum/node/tests/it/testing.rs

@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ async fn testing_rpc_build_block_works() -> eyre::Result<()> {
                 suggested_fee_recipient: Address::ZERO,
                 withdrawals: None,
                 parent_beacon_block_root: None,
-                slot_number: None,
             };
 
             let request = TestingBuildBlockRequestV1 {

crates/ethereum/payload/src/lib.rs

@@ -154,16 +154,8 @@ where
 
     let state_provider = client.state_by_block_hash(parent_header.hash())?;
     let state = StateProviderDatabase::new(state_provider.as_ref());
-    let chain_spec = client.chain_spec();
-
-    let is_amsterdam = chain_spec.is_amsterdam_active_at_timestamp(attributes.timestamp());
-
-    // Build state with BAL builder enabled when Amsterdam is active
-    let mut db = State::builder()
-        .with_database(cached_reads.as_db_mut(state))
-        .with_bundle_update()
-        .with_bal_builder_if(is_amsterdam)
-        .build();
+    let mut db =
+        State::builder().with_database(cached_reads.as_db_mut(state)).with_bundle_update().build();
 
     let mut builder = evm_config
         .builder_for_next_block(
@@ -177,11 +169,12 @@ where
                 parent_beacon_block_root: attributes.parent_beacon_block_root(),
                 withdrawals: Some(attributes.withdrawals().clone()),
                 extra_data: builder_config.extra_data,
-                slot_number: attributes.slot_number,
             },
         )
         .map_err(PayloadBuilderError::other)?;
 
+    let chain_spec = client.chain_spec();
+
     debug!(target: "payload_builder", id=%attributes.id, parent_header = ?parent_header.hash(), parent_number = parent_header.number, "building new payload");
     let mut cumulative_gas_used = 0;
     let block_gas_limit: u64 = builder.evm_mut().block().gas_limit();
@@ -331,25 +324,6 @@ where
                 }
                 continue
             }
-            // EIP-7778: the executor tracks gas_before_refund while the payload builder's
-            // pre-check uses gas_after_refund. Near-full blocks can pass the pre-check but
-            // fail the executor's check. Skip the tx and continue building.
-            Err(BlockExecutionError::Validation(
-                BlockValidationError::TransactionGasLimitMoreThanAvailableBlockGas {
-                    transaction_gas_limit,
-                    block_available_gas,
-                },
-            )) => {
-                trace!(target: "payload_builder", %transaction_gas_limit, %block_available_gas, ?tx, "skipping transaction exceeding block gas limit");
-                best_txs.mark_invalid(
-                    &pool_tx,
-                    &InvalidPoolTransactionError::ExceedsGasLimit(
-                        transaction_gas_limit,
-                        block_available_gas,
-                    ),
-                );
-                continue
-            }
             // this is an error that we should treat as fatal for this attempt
             Err(err) => return Err(PayloadBuilderError::evm(err)),
         };
@@ -386,7 +360,7 @@ where
         return Ok(BuildOutcome::Aborted { fees: total_fees, cached_reads })
     }
 
-    let BlockBuilderOutcome { execution_result, block, block_access_list, .. } =
+    let BlockBuilderOutcome { execution_result, block, .. } =
         builder.finish(state_provider.as_ref())?;
 
     let requests = chain_spec
@@ -403,10 +377,9 @@ where
         }));
     }
 
-    let payload =
-        EthBuiltPayload::new(attributes.id, sealed_block, total_fees, requests, block_access_list)
-            // add blob sidecars from the executed txs
-            .with_sidecars(blob_sidecars);
+    let payload = EthBuiltPayload::new(attributes.id, sealed_block, total_fees, requests)
+        // add blob sidecars from the executed txs
+        .with_sidecars(blob_sidecars);
 
     Ok(BuildOutcome::Better { payload, cached_reads })
 }

crates/ethereum/reth/Cargo.toml

@@ -152,7 +152,6 @@ jemalloc = [
     "reth-cli-util?/jemalloc",
     "reth-ethereum-cli?/jemalloc",
     "reth-node-core?/jemalloc",
-    "reth-provider?/jemalloc",
 ]
 jemalloc-prof = [
     "jemalloc",

crates/evm/evm/src/either.rs

@@ -72,12 +72,6 @@ where
             Self::Right(b) => b.into_state(),
         }
     }
-    fn take_bal(&mut self) -> Option<alloy_eips::eip7928::BlockAccessList> {
-        match self {
-            Self::Left(a) => a.take_bal(),
-            Self::Right(b) => b.take_bal(),
-        }
-    }
 
     fn size_hint(&self) -> usize {
         match self {

crates/evm/evm/src/execute.rs

@@ -3,10 +3,7 @@
 use crate::{ConfigureEvm, Database, OnStateHook, TxEnvFor};
 use alloc::{boxed::Box, sync::Arc, vec::Vec};
 use alloy_consensus::{BlockHeader, Header};
-use alloy_eips::{
-    eip2718::WithEncoded,
-    eip7928::{compute_block_access_list_hash, BlockAccessList},
-};
+use alloy_eips::eip2718::WithEncoded;
 pub use alloy_evm::block::{BlockExecutor, BlockExecutorFactory};
 use alloy_evm::{
     block::{CommitChanges, ExecutableTxParts},
@@ -27,7 +24,6 @@ use reth_trie_common::{updates::TrieUpdates, HashedPostState};
 use revm::{
     context::result::ExecutionResult,
     database::{states::bundle_state::BundleRetention, BundleState, State},
-    state::bal::Bal,
 };
 
 /// A type that knows how to execute a block. It is assumed to operate on a
@@ -148,9 +144,6 @@ pub trait Executor<DB: Database>: Sized {
     /// Consumes the executor and returns the [`State`] containing all state changes.
     fn into_state(self) -> State<DB>;
 
-    /// Take built [`BlockAccessList`] from executor
-    fn take_bal(&mut self) -> Option<BlockAccessList>;
-
     /// The size hint of the batch's tracked state size.
     ///
     /// This is used to optimize DB commits depending on the size of the state.
@@ -172,7 +165,6 @@ pub trait Executor<DB: Database>: Sized {
 /// - `bundle_state`: Accumulated state changes from all transactions
 /// - `state_provider`: Access to the current state for additional lookups
 /// - `state_root`: The calculated state root after all changes
-/// - `block_access_list_hash`: Block access list hash (EIP-7928, Amsterdam)
 ///
 /// # Usage
 ///
@@ -216,8 +208,6 @@ pub struct BlockAssemblerInput<'a, 'b, F: BlockExecutorFactory, H = Header> {
     pub state_provider: &'b dyn StateProvider,
     /// State root for this block.
     pub state_root: B256,
-    /// Block access list hash (EIP-7928, Amsterdam).
-    pub block_access_list_hash: Option<B256>,
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'b, F: BlockExecutorFactory, H> BlockAssemblerInput<'a, 'b, F, H> {
@@ -235,7 +225,6 @@ impl<'a, 'b, F: BlockExecutorFactory, H> BlockAssemblerInput<'a, 'b, F, H> {
         bundle_state: &'a BundleState,
         state_provider: &'b dyn StateProvider,
         state_root: B256,
-        block_access_list_hash: Option<B256>,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             evm_env,
@@ -246,7 +235,6 @@ impl<'a, 'b, F: BlockExecutorFactory, H> BlockAssemblerInput<'a, 'b, F, H> {
             bundle_state,
             state_provider,
             state_root,
-            block_access_list_hash,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -316,8 +304,6 @@ pub struct BlockBuilderOutcome<N: NodePrimitives> {
     pub trie_updates: TrieUpdates,
     /// The built block.
     pub block: RecoveredBlock<N::Block>,
-    /// Block access list built during execution (EIP-7928, Amsterdam).
-    pub block_access_list: Option<BlockAccessList>,
 }
 
 /// A type that knows how to execute and build a block.
@@ -467,11 +453,7 @@ where
     type Executor = Executor;
 
     fn apply_pre_execution_changes(&mut self) -> Result<(), BlockExecutionError> {
-        self.executor.apply_pre_execution_changes()?;
-        // Bump BAL index after pre-execution changes (EIP-7928: index 0 is pre-execution)
-        self.executor.evm_mut().db_mut().bump_bal_index();
-
-        Ok(())
+        self.executor.apply_pre_execution_changes()
     }
 
     fn execute_transaction_with_commit_condition(
@@ -486,9 +468,6 @@ where
             self.executor.execute_transaction_with_commit_condition((tx_env, &tx), f)?
         {
             self.transactions.push(tx);
-            // Bump BAL index after each committed transaction (EIP-7928)
-            self.executor.evm_mut().db_mut().bump_bal_index();
-
             Ok(Some(gas_used))
         } else {
             Ok(None)
@@ -505,11 +484,6 @@ where
         // merge all transitions into bundle state
         db.merge_transitions(BundleRetention::Reverts);
 
-        // extract the built block access list (EIP-7928, Amsterdam) and compute its hash
-        let block_access_list = db.take_built_alloy_bal();
-        let block_access_list_hash =
-            block_access_list.as_ref().map(|bal| compute_block_access_list_hash(bal));
-
         // calculate the state root
         let hashed_state = state.hashed_post_state(&db.bundle_state);
         let (state_root, trie_updates) = state
@@ -528,18 +502,11 @@ where
             bundle_state: &db.bundle_state,
             state_provider: &state,
             state_root,
-            block_access_list_hash,
         })?;
 
         let block = RecoveredBlock::new_unhashed(block, senders);
 
-        Ok(BlockBuilderOutcome {
-            execution_result: result,
-            hashed_state,
-            trie_updates,
-            block,
-            block_access_list,
-        })
+        Ok(BlockBuilderOutcome { execution_result: result, hashed_state, trie_updates, block })
     }
 
     fn executor_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Executor {
@@ -568,11 +535,7 @@ pub struct BasicBlockExecutor<F, DB> {
 impl<F, DB: Database> BasicBlockExecutor<F, DB> {
     /// Creates a new `BasicBlockExecutor` with the given strategy.
     pub fn new(strategy_factory: F, db: DB) -> Self {
-        let db = State::builder()
-            .with_database(db)
-            .with_bundle_update()
-            .with_bal_builder_if(true)
-            .build();
+        let db = State::builder().with_database(db).with_bundle_update().build();
         Self { strategy_factory, db }
     }
 }
@@ -590,21 +553,11 @@ where
         block: &RecoveredBlock<<Self::Primitives as NodePrimitives>::Block>,
     ) -> Result<BlockExecutionResult<<Self::Primitives as NodePrimitives>::Receipt>, Self::Error>
     {
-        let mut executor = self
+        let result = self
             .strategy_factory
             .executor_for_block(&mut self.db, block)
-            .map_err(BlockExecutionError::other)?;
-
-        executor.evm_mut().db_mut().bal_state.bal_builder = Some(Bal::new());
-        executor.apply_pre_execution_changes()?;
-        executor.evm_mut().db_mut().bump_bal_index();
-
-        for tx in block.transactions_recovered() {
-            executor.execute_transaction(tx)?;
-            executor.evm_mut().db_mut().bump_bal_index();
-        }
-
-        let result = executor.apply_post_execution_changes()?;
+            .map_err(BlockExecutionError::other)?
+            .execute_block(block.transactions_recovered())?;
 
         self.db.merge_transitions(BundleRetention::Reverts);
 
@@ -635,10 +588,6 @@ where
         self.db
     }
 
-    fn take_bal(&mut self) -> Option<BlockAccessList> {
-        self.db.take_built_alloy_bal()
-    }
-
     fn size_hint(&self) -> usize {
         self.db.bundle_state.size_hint()
     }
@@ -744,10 +693,6 @@ mod tests {
             unreachable!()
         }
 
-        fn take_bal(&mut self) -> Option<BlockAccessList> {
-            None
-        }
-
         fn size_hint(&self) -> usize {
             0
         }