tmp

2026-01-12 07:28:08 -05:00 · 2024-01-18 01:03:23 +08:00
35 changed files with 812 additions and 2658 deletions
--- a/bridge-history-api/conf/config.json
+++ b/bridge-history-api/conf/config.json
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 		"confirmation": 0,
 		"endpoint": "https://rpc.ankr.com/eth",
 		"startHeight": 18306000,
-		"blockTime": 12,
-		"fetchLimit": 16,
+		"blockTime": 10,
+		"fetchLimit": 30,
 		"MessengerAddr": "0x6774Bcbd5ceCeF1336b5300fb5186a12DDD8b367",
 		"ETHGatewayAddr": "0x7F2b8C31F88B6006c382775eea88297Ec1e3E905",
 		"WETHGatewayAddr": "0x7AC440cAe8EB6328de4fA621163a792c1EA9D4fE",
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 		"confirmation": 0,
 		"endpoint": "https://rpc.scroll.io",
 		"blockTime": 3,
-		"fetchLimit": 64,
+		"fetchLimit": 100,
 		"MessengerAddr": "0x781e90f1c8Fc4611c9b7497C3B47F99Ef6969CbC",
 		"ETHGatewayAddr": "0x6EA73e05AdC79974B931123675ea8F78FfdacDF0",
 		"WETHGatewayAddr": "0x7003E7B7186f0E6601203b99F7B8DECBfA391cf9",
--- a/bridge-history-api/go.mod
+++ b/bridge-history-api/go.mod
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/gin-contrib/cors v1.5.0
 	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.9.1
 	github.com/go-redis/redis/v8 v8.11.5
+	github.com/google/uuid v1.4.0
 	github.com/pressly/goose/v3 v3.16.0
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.14.0
 	github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum v1.10.14-0.20231130005111-38a3a9c9198c
@@ -39,7 +40,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.3 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.5-0.20220116011046-fa5810519dcb // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/google/uuid v1.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/holiman/uint256 v1.2.4 // indirect
 	github.com/huin/goupnp v1.3.0 // indirect
--- a/bridge-history-api/internal/config/config.go
+++ b/bridge-history-api/internal/config/config.go
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ import (
 	"scroll-tech/common/database"
 )

-// FetcherConfig is the configuration of Layer1 or Layer2 fetcher.
-type FetcherConfig struct {
+// LayerConfig is the configuration of Layer1/Layer2
+type LayerConfig struct {
 	Confirmation             uint64 `json:"confirmation"`
 	Endpoint                 string `json:"endpoint"`
-	StartHeight              uint64 `json:"startHeight"` // Can only be configured to contract deployment height, message proof should be updated from the very beginning.
+	StartHeight              uint64 `json:"startHeight"` // Can only be configured to contract deployment height, otherwise in the current implementation, the message proof could not be successfully updated.
 	BlockTime                int64  `json:"blockTime"`
 	FetchLimit               uint64 `json:"fetchLimit"`
 	MessengerAddr            string `json:"MessengerAddr"`
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ type RedisConfig struct {

 // Config is the configuration of the bridge history backend
 type Config struct {
-	L1    *FetcherConfig   `json:"L1"`
-	L2    *FetcherConfig   `json:"L2"`
+	L1    *LayerConfig     `json:"L1"`
+	L2    *LayerConfig     `json:"L2"`
 	DB    *database.Config `json:"db"`
 	Redis *RedisConfig     `json:"redis"`
 }
--- a/bridge-history-api/internal/controller/fetcher/l1_fetcher.go
+++ b/bridge-history-api/internal/controller/fetcher/l1_fetcher.go
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import (
 // L1MessageFetcher fetches cross message events from L1 and saves them to database.
 type L1MessageFetcher struct {
 	ctx    context.Context
-	cfg    *config.FetcherConfig
+	cfg    *config.LayerConfig
 	client *ethclient.Client

 	l1SyncHeight        uint64
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ type L1MessageFetcher struct {
 }

 // NewL1MessageFetcher creates a new L1MessageFetcher instance.
-func NewL1MessageFetcher(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.FetcherConfig, db *gorm.DB, client *ethclient.Client) *L1MessageFetcher {
+func NewL1MessageFetcher(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.LayerConfig, db *gorm.DB, client *ethclient.Client) *L1MessageFetcher {
 	c := &L1MessageFetcher{
 		ctx:              ctx,
 		cfg:              cfg,
--- a/bridge-history-api/internal/controller/fetcher/l2_fetcher.go
+++ b/bridge-history-api/internal/controller/fetcher/l2_fetcher.go
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import (
 // L2MessageFetcher fetches cross message events from L2 and saves them to database.
 type L2MessageFetcher struct {
 	ctx                 context.Context
-	cfg                 *config.FetcherConfig
+	cfg                 *config.LayerConfig
 	db                  *gorm.DB
 	client              *ethclient.Client
 	l2SyncHeight        uint64
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ type L2MessageFetcher struct {
 }

 // NewL2MessageFetcher creates a new L2MessageFetcher instance.
-func NewL2MessageFetcher(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.FetcherConfig, db *gorm.DB, client *ethclient.Client) *L2MessageFetcher {
+func NewL2MessageFetcher(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.LayerConfig, db *gorm.DB, client *ethclient.Client) *L2MessageFetcher {
 	c := &L2MessageFetcher{
 		ctx:              ctx,
 		cfg:              cfg,
--- a/bridge-history-api/internal/logic/event_update.go
+++ b/bridge-history-api/internal/logic/event_update.go
@@ -76,30 +76,39 @@ func (b *EventUpdateLogic) GetL2MessageSyncedHeightInDB(ctx context.Context) (ui

 // L1InsertOrUpdate inserts or updates l1 messages
 func (b *EventUpdateLogic) L1InsertOrUpdate(ctx context.Context, l1FetcherResult *L1FilterResult) error {
-	if err := b.crossMessageOrm.InsertOrUpdateL1Messages(ctx, l1FetcherResult.DepositMessages); err != nil {
-		log.Error("failed to insert L1 deposit messages", "err", err)
+	err := b.db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		if txErr := b.crossMessageOrm.InsertOrUpdateL1Messages(ctx, l1FetcherResult.DepositMessages, tx); txErr != nil {
+			log.Error("failed to insert L1 deposit messages", "err", txErr)
+			return txErr
+		}
+
+		if txErr := b.crossMessageOrm.InsertOrUpdateL1RelayedMessagesOfL2Withdrawals(ctx, l1FetcherResult.RelayedMessages, tx); txErr != nil {
+			log.Error("failed to update L1 relayed messages of L2 withdrawals", "err", txErr)
+			return txErr
+		}
+
+		if txErr := b.batchEventOrm.InsertOrUpdateBatchEvents(ctx, l1FetcherResult.BatchEvents, tx); txErr != nil {
+			log.Error("failed to insert or update batch events", "err", txErr)
+			return txErr
+		}
+
+		if txErr := b.crossMessageOrm.UpdateL1MessageQueueEventsInfo(ctx, l1FetcherResult.MessageQueueEvents, tx); txErr != nil {
+			log.Error("failed to insert L1 message queue events", "err", txErr)
+			return txErr
+		}
+
+		if txErr := b.crossMessageOrm.InsertFailedGatewayRouterTxs(ctx, l1FetcherResult.RevertedTxs, tx); txErr != nil {
+			log.Error("failed to insert L1 failed gateway router transactions", "err", txErr)
+			return txErr
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("failed to update db of L1 events", "err", err)
 		return err
 	}

-	if err := b.crossMessageOrm.InsertOrUpdateL1RelayedMessagesOfL2Withdrawals(ctx, l1FetcherResult.RelayedMessages); err != nil {
-		log.Error("failed to update L1 relayed messages of L2 withdrawals", "err", err)
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if err := b.batchEventOrm.InsertOrUpdateBatchEvents(ctx, l1FetcherResult.BatchEvents); err != nil {
-		log.Error("failed to insert or update batch events", "err", err)
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if err := b.crossMessageOrm.UpdateL1MessageQueueEventsInfo(ctx, l1FetcherResult.MessageQueueEvents); err != nil {
-		log.Error("failed to insert L1 message queue events", "err", err)
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if err := b.crossMessageOrm.InsertFailedL1GatewayTxs(ctx, l1FetcherResult.RevertedTxs); err != nil {
-		log.Error("failed to insert failed L1 gateway transactions", "err", err)
-		return err
-	}
 	return nil
 }

@@ -177,18 +186,24 @@ func (b *EventUpdateLogic) UpdateL1BatchIndexAndStatus(ctx context.Context, heig

 // L2InsertOrUpdate inserts or updates L2 messages
 func (b *EventUpdateLogic) L2InsertOrUpdate(ctx context.Context, l2FetcherResult *L2FilterResult) error {
-	if err := b.crossMessageOrm.InsertOrUpdateL2Messages(ctx, l2FetcherResult.WithdrawMessages); err != nil {
-		log.Error("failed to insert L2 withdrawal messages", "err", err)
-		return err
-	}
+	err := b.db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		if txErr := b.crossMessageOrm.InsertOrUpdateL2Messages(ctx, l2FetcherResult.WithdrawMessages, tx); txErr != nil {
+			log.Error("failed to insert L2 withdrawal messages", "err", txErr)
+			return txErr
+		}
+		if txErr := b.crossMessageOrm.InsertOrUpdateL2RelayedMessagesOfL1Deposits(ctx, l2FetcherResult.RelayedMessages, tx); txErr != nil {
+			log.Error("failed to update L2 relayed messages of L1 deposits", "err", txErr)
+			return txErr
+		}
+		if txErr := b.crossMessageOrm.InsertFailedGatewayRouterTxs(ctx, l2FetcherResult.OtherRevertedTxs, tx); txErr != nil {
+			log.Error("failed to insert L2 failed gateway router transactions", "err", txErr)
+			return txErr
+		}
+		return nil
+	})

-	if err := b.crossMessageOrm.InsertOrUpdateL2RelayedMessagesOfL1Deposits(ctx, l2FetcherResult.RelayedMessages); err != nil {
-		log.Error("failed to update L2 relayed messages of L1 deposits", "err", err)
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if err := b.crossMessageOrm.InsertFailedL2GatewayTxs(ctx, l2FetcherResult.OtherRevertedTxs); err != nil {
-		log.Error("failed to insert failed L2 gateway transactions", "err", err)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("failed to update db of L2 events", "err", err)
 		return err
 	}
 	return nil
--- a/bridge-history-api/internal/logic/l1_event_parser.go
+++ b/bridge-history-api/internal/logic/l1_event_parser.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package logic

 import (
 	"context"
-	"math/big"

 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/types"
@@ -11,27 +10,21 @@ import (
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/log"

 	backendabi "scroll-tech/bridge-history-api/abi"
-	"scroll-tech/bridge-history-api/internal/config"
 	"scroll-tech/bridge-history-api/internal/orm"
 	"scroll-tech/bridge-history-api/internal/utils"
 )

 // L1EventParser the l1 event parser
 type L1EventParser struct {
-	cfg    *config.FetcherConfig
-	client *ethclient.Client
 }

 // NewL1EventParser creates l1 event parser
-func NewL1EventParser(cfg *config.FetcherConfig, client *ethclient.Client) *L1EventParser {
-	return &L1EventParser{
-		cfg:    cfg,
-		client: client,
-	}
+func NewL1EventParser() *L1EventParser {
+	return &L1EventParser{}
 }

 // ParseL1CrossChainEventLogs parses L1 watched cross chain events.
-func (e *L1EventParser) ParseL1CrossChainEventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []types.Log, blockTimestampsMap map[uint64]uint64) ([]*orm.CrossMessage, []*orm.CrossMessage, error) {
+func (e *L1EventParser) ParseL1CrossChainEventLogs(logs []types.Log, blockTimestampsMap map[uint64]uint64) ([]*orm.CrossMessage, []*orm.CrossMessage, error) {
 	var l1DepositMessages []*orm.CrossMessage
 	var l1RelayedMessages []*orm.CrossMessage
 	for _, vlog := range logs {
@@ -39,7 +32,7 @@ func (e *L1EventParser) ParseL1CrossChainEventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []t
 		case backendabi.L1DepositETHSig:
 			event := backendabi.ETHMessageEvent{}
 			if err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IL1ETHGatewayABI, &event, "DepositETH", vlog); err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack DepositETH event", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack DepositETH event", "err", err)
 				return nil, nil, err
 			}
 			lastMessage := l1DepositMessages[len(l1DepositMessages)-1]
@@ -51,7 +44,7 @@ func (e *L1EventParser) ParseL1CrossChainEventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []t
 			event := backendabi.ERC20MessageEvent{}
 			err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IL1ERC20GatewayABI, &event, "DepositERC20", vlog)
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack DepositERC20 event", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack DepositERC20 event", "err", err)
 				return nil, nil, err
 			}
 			lastMessage := l1DepositMessages[len(l1DepositMessages)-1]
@@ -64,7 +57,7 @@ func (e *L1EventParser) ParseL1CrossChainEventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []t
 		case backendabi.L1DepositERC721Sig:
 			event := backendabi.ERC721MessageEvent{}
 			if err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IL1ERC721GatewayABI, &event, "DepositERC721", vlog); err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack DepositERC721 event", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack DepositERC721 event", "err", err)
 				return nil, nil, err
 			}
 			lastMessage := l1DepositMessages[len(l1DepositMessages)-1]
@@ -77,7 +70,7 @@ func (e *L1EventParser) ParseL1CrossChainEventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []t
 		case backendabi.L1BatchDepositERC721Sig:
 			event := backendabi.BatchERC721MessageEvent{}
 			if err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IL1ERC721GatewayABI, &event, "BatchDepositERC721", vlog); err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack BatchDepositERC721 event", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack BatchDepositERC721 event", "err", err)
 				return nil, nil, err
 			}
 			lastMessage := l1DepositMessages[len(l1DepositMessages)-1]
@@ -90,7 +83,7 @@ func (e *L1EventParser) ParseL1CrossChainEventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []t
 		case backendabi.L1DepositERC1155Sig:
 			event := backendabi.ERC1155MessageEvent{}
 			if err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IL1ERC1155GatewayABI, &event, "DepositERC1155", vlog); err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack DepositERC1155 event", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack DepositERC1155 event", "err", err)
 				return nil, nil, err
 			}
 			lastMessage := l1DepositMessages[len(l1DepositMessages)-1]
@@ -104,7 +97,7 @@ func (e *L1EventParser) ParseL1CrossChainEventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []t
 		case backendabi.L1BatchDepositERC1155Sig:
 			event := backendabi.BatchERC1155MessageEvent{}
 			if err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IL1ERC1155GatewayABI, &event, "BatchDepositERC1155", vlog); err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack BatchDepositERC1155 event", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack BatchDepositERC1155 event", "err", err)
 				return nil, nil, err
 			}
 			lastMessage := l1DepositMessages[len(l1DepositMessages)-1]
@@ -118,17 +111,12 @@ func (e *L1EventParser) ParseL1CrossChainEventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []t
 		case backendabi.L1SentMessageEventSig:
 			event := backendabi.L1SentMessageEvent{}
 			if err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IL1ScrollMessengerABI, &event, "SentMessage", vlog); err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack SentMessage event", "err", err)
-				return nil, nil, err
-			}
-			from, err := getRealFromAddress(ctx, event.Sender, e.client, vlog.TxHash, e.cfg.GatewayRouterAddr)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to get real 'from' address", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack SentMessage event", "err", err)
 				return nil, nil, err
 			}
 			l1DepositMessages = append(l1DepositMessages, &orm.CrossMessage{
 				L1BlockNumber:  vlog.BlockNumber,
-				Sender:         from,
+				Sender:         event.Sender.String(),
 				Receiver:       event.Target.String(),
 				TokenType:      int(orm.TokenTypeETH),
 				L1TxHash:       vlog.TxHash.String(),
@@ -142,7 +130,7 @@ func (e *L1EventParser) ParseL1CrossChainEventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []t
 		case backendabi.L1RelayedMessageEventSig:
 			event := backendabi.L1RelayedMessageEvent{}
 			if err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IL1ScrollMessengerABI, &event, "RelayedMessage", vlog); err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack RelayedMessage event", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack RelayedMessage event", "err", err)
 				return nil, nil, err
 			}
 			l1RelayedMessages = append(l1RelayedMessages, &orm.CrossMessage{
@@ -155,7 +143,7 @@ func (e *L1EventParser) ParseL1CrossChainEventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []t
 		case backendabi.L1FailedRelayedMessageEventSig:
 			event := backendabi.L1FailedRelayedMessageEvent{}
 			if err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IL1ScrollMessengerABI, &event, "FailedRelayedMessage", vlog); err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack FailedRelayedMessage event", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack FailedRelayedMessage event", "err", err)
 				return nil, nil, err
 			}
 			l1RelayedMessages = append(l1RelayedMessages, &orm.CrossMessage{
@@ -178,17 +166,17 @@ func (e *L1EventParser) ParseL1BatchEventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []types.
 		case backendabi.L1CommitBatchEventSig:
 			event := backendabi.L1CommitBatchEvent{}
 			if err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IScrollChainABI, &event, "CommitBatch", vlog); err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack CommitBatch event", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack CommitBatch event", "err", err)
 				return nil, err
 			}
 			commitTx, isPending, err := client.TransactionByHash(ctx, vlog.TxHash)
 			if err != nil || isPending {
-				log.Error("Failed to get commit batch tx or the tx is still pending", "err", err, "isPending", isPending)
+				log.Warn("Failed to get commit Batch tx receipt or the tx is still pending", "err", err)
 				return nil, err
 			}
 			startBlock, endBlock, err := utils.GetBatchRangeFromCalldata(commitTx.Data())
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to get batch range from calldata", "hash", commitTx.Hash().String(), "height", vlog.BlockNumber)
+				log.Warn("Failed to get batch range from calldata", "hash", commitTx.Hash().String(), "height", vlog.BlockNumber)
 				return nil, err
 			}
 			l1BatchEvents = append(l1BatchEvents, &orm.BatchEvent{
@@ -202,7 +190,7 @@ func (e *L1EventParser) ParseL1BatchEventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []types.
 		case backendabi.L1RevertBatchEventSig:
 			event := backendabi.L1RevertBatchEvent{}
 			if err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IScrollChainABI, &event, "RevertBatch", vlog); err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack RevertBatch event", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack RevertBatch event", "err", err)
 				return nil, err
 			}
 			l1BatchEvents = append(l1BatchEvents, &orm.BatchEvent{
@@ -214,7 +202,7 @@ func (e *L1EventParser) ParseL1BatchEventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []types.
 		case backendabi.L1FinalizeBatchEventSig:
 			event := backendabi.L1FinalizeBatchEvent{}
 			if err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IScrollChainABI, &event, "FinalizeBatch", vlog); err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack FinalizeBatch event", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack FinalizeBatch event", "err", err)
 				return nil, err
 			}
 			l1BatchEvents = append(l1BatchEvents, &orm.BatchEvent{
@@ -241,7 +229,7 @@ func (e *L1EventParser) ParseL1MessageQueueEventLogs(logs []types.Log, l1Deposit
 		case backendabi.L1QueueTransactionEventSig:
 			event := backendabi.L1QueueTransactionEvent{}
 			if err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IL1MessageQueueABI, &event, "QueueTransaction", vlog); err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack QueueTransaction event", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack QueueTransaction event", "err", err)
 				return nil, err
 			}
 			messageHash := common.BytesToHash(crypto.Keccak256(event.Data))
@@ -257,7 +245,7 @@ func (e *L1EventParser) ParseL1MessageQueueEventLogs(logs []types.Log, l1Deposit
 		case backendabi.L1DequeueTransactionEventSig:
 			event := backendabi.L1DequeueTransactionEvent{}
 			if err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IL1MessageQueueABI, &event, "DequeueTransaction", vlog); err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack DequeueTransaction event", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack DequeueTransaction event", "err", err)
 				return nil, err
 			}
 			skippedIndices := utils.GetSkippedQueueIndices(event.StartIndex.Uint64(), event.SkippedBitmap)
@@ -270,7 +258,7 @@ func (e *L1EventParser) ParseL1MessageQueueEventLogs(logs []types.Log, l1Deposit
 		case backendabi.L1DropTransactionEventSig:
 			event := backendabi.L1DropTransactionEvent{}
 			if err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IL1MessageQueueABI, &event, "DropTransaction", vlog); err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack DropTransaction event", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack DropTransaction event", "err", err)
 				return nil, err
 			}
 			l1MessageQueueEvents = append(l1MessageQueueEvents, &orm.MessageQueueEvent{
@@ -282,27 +270,3 @@ func (e *L1EventParser) ParseL1MessageQueueEventLogs(logs []types.Log, l1Deposit
 	}
 	return l1MessageQueueEvents, nil
 }
-
-func getRealFromAddress(ctx context.Context, eventSender common.Address, client *ethclient.Client, txHash common.Hash, gatewayRouterAddr string) (string, error) {
-	from := eventSender.String()
-	if from == gatewayRouterAddr {
-		tx, isPending, rpcErr := client.TransactionByHash(ctx, txHash)
-		if rpcErr != nil || isPending {
-			log.Error("Failed to get transaction or the transaction is still pending", "rpcErr", rpcErr, "isPending", isPending)
-			return "", rpcErr
-		}
-		// Case 1: deposit/withdraw ETH: EOA -> multisig -> gateway router -> messenger.
-		if tx.To() != nil && (*tx.To()).String() != gatewayRouterAddr {
-			return (*tx.To()).String(), nil
-		}
-		// Case 2: deposit/withdraw ETH: EOA -> gateway router -> messenger.
-		signer := types.LatestSignerForChainID(new(big.Int).SetUint64(tx.ChainId().Uint64()))
-		sender, err := signer.Sender(tx)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Error("Get sender failed", "chain id", tx.ChainId().Uint64(), "tx hash", tx.Hash().String(), "err", err)
-			return "", err
-		}
-		return sender.String(), nil
-	}
-	return from, nil
-}
--- a/bridge-history-api/internal/logic/l1_fetcher.go
+++ b/bridge-history-api/internal/logic/l1_fetcher.go
@@ -34,10 +34,9 @@ type L1FilterResult struct {

 // L1FetcherLogic the L1 fetcher logic
 type L1FetcherLogic struct {
-	cfg             *config.FetcherConfig
+	cfg             *config.LayerConfig
 	client          *ethclient.Client
 	addressList     []common.Address
-	gatewayList     []common.Address
 	parser          *L1EventParser
 	db              *gorm.DB
 	crossMessageOrm *orm.CrossMessage
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ type L1FetcherLogic struct {
 }

 // NewL1FetcherLogic creates L1 fetcher logic
-func NewL1FetcherLogic(cfg *config.FetcherConfig, db *gorm.DB, client *ethclient.Client) *L1FetcherLogic {
+func NewL1FetcherLogic(cfg *config.LayerConfig, db *gorm.DB, client *ethclient.Client) *L1FetcherLogic {
 	addressList := []common.Address{
 		common.HexToAddress(cfg.ETHGatewayAddr),

@@ -66,34 +65,16 @@ func NewL1FetcherLogic(cfg *config.FetcherConfig, db *gorm.DB, client *ethclient
 		common.HexToAddress(cfg.MessageQueueAddr),
 	}

-	gatewayList := []common.Address{
-		common.HexToAddress(cfg.ETHGatewayAddr),
-
-		common.HexToAddress(cfg.StandardERC20GatewayAddr),
-		common.HexToAddress(cfg.CustomERC20GatewayAddr),
-		common.HexToAddress(cfg.WETHGatewayAddr),
-		common.HexToAddress(cfg.DAIGatewayAddr),
-
-		common.HexToAddress(cfg.ERC721GatewayAddr),
-		common.HexToAddress(cfg.ERC1155GatewayAddr),
-
-		common.HexToAddress(cfg.MessengerAddr),
-
-		common.HexToAddress(cfg.GatewayRouterAddr),
-	}
-
 	// Optional erc20 gateways.
 	if common.HexToAddress(cfg.USDCGatewayAddr) != (common.Address{}) {
 		addressList = append(addressList, common.HexToAddress(cfg.USDCGatewayAddr))
-		gatewayList = append(gatewayList, common.HexToAddress(cfg.USDCGatewayAddr))
 	}

 	if common.HexToAddress(cfg.LIDOGatewayAddr) != (common.Address{}) {
 		addressList = append(addressList, common.HexToAddress(cfg.LIDOGatewayAddr))
-		gatewayList = append(gatewayList, common.HexToAddress(cfg.LIDOGatewayAddr))
 	}

-	log.Info("L1 Fetcher configured with the following address list", "addresses", addressList, "gateways", gatewayList)
+	log.Info("L1 Fetcher configured with the following address list", "addresses", addressList)

 	f := &L1FetcherLogic{
 		db:              db,
@@ -102,8 +83,7 @@ func NewL1FetcherLogic(cfg *config.FetcherConfig, db *gorm.DB, client *ethclient
 		cfg:             cfg,
 		client:          client,
 		addressList:     addressList,
-		gatewayList:     gatewayList,
-		parser:          NewL1EventParser(cfg, client),
+		parser:          NewL1EventParser(),
 	}

 	reg := prometheus.DefaultRegisterer
@@ -151,9 +131,15 @@ func (f *L1FetcherLogic) getRevertedTxs(ctx context.Context, from, to uint64, bl
 		blockTimestampsMap[block.NumberU64()] = block.Time()

 		for _, tx := range block.Transactions() {
-			// Gateways: L1 deposit.
+			txTo := tx.To()
+			if txTo == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			toAddress := txTo.String()
+
+			// GatewayRouter: L1 deposit.
 			// Messenger: L1 deposit retry (replayMessage), L1 deposit refund (dropMessage), L2 withdrawal's claim (relayMessageWithProof).
-			if !isTransactionToGateway(tx, f.gatewayList) {
+			if toAddress != f.cfg.GatewayRouterAddr && toAddress != f.cfg.MessengerAddr {
 				continue
 			}

@@ -247,7 +233,7 @@ func (f *L1FetcherLogic) L1Fetcher(ctx context.Context, from, to uint64, lastBlo
 		return false, 0, common.Hash{}, nil, err
 	}

-	l1DepositMessages, l1RelayedMessages, err := f.parser.ParseL1CrossChainEventLogs(ctx, eventLogs, blockTimestampsMap)
+	l1DepositMessages, l1RelayedMessages, err := f.parser.ParseL1CrossChainEventLogs(eventLogs, blockTimestampsMap)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error("failed to parse L1 cross chain event logs", "from", from, "to", to, "err", err)
 		return false, 0, common.Hash{}, nil, err
--- a/bridge-history-api/internal/logic/l2_event_parser.go
+++ b/bridge-history-api/internal/logic/l2_event_parser.go
@@ -1,35 +1,26 @@
 package logic

 import (
-	"context"
-
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/types"
-	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/ethclient"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/log"

 	backendabi "scroll-tech/bridge-history-api/abi"
-	"scroll-tech/bridge-history-api/internal/config"
 	"scroll-tech/bridge-history-api/internal/orm"
 	"scroll-tech/bridge-history-api/internal/utils"
 )

 // L2EventParser the L2 event parser
 type L2EventParser struct {
-	cfg    *config.FetcherConfig
-	client *ethclient.Client
 }

 // NewL2EventParser creates the L2 event parser
-func NewL2EventParser(cfg *config.FetcherConfig, client *ethclient.Client) *L2EventParser {
-	return &L2EventParser{
-		cfg:    cfg,
-		client: client,
-	}
+func NewL2EventParser() *L2EventParser {
+	return &L2EventParser{}
 }

 // ParseL2EventLogs parses L2 watched events
-func (e *L2EventParser) ParseL2EventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []types.Log, blockTimestampsMap map[uint64]uint64) ([]*orm.CrossMessage, []*orm.CrossMessage, error) {
+func (e *L2EventParser) ParseL2EventLogs(logs []types.Log, blockTimestampsMap map[uint64]uint64) ([]*orm.CrossMessage, []*orm.CrossMessage, error) {
 	var l2WithdrawMessages []*orm.CrossMessage
 	var l2RelayedMessages []*orm.CrossMessage
 	for _, vlog := range logs {
@@ -38,7 +29,7 @@ func (e *L2EventParser) ParseL2EventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []types.Log,
 			event := backendabi.ETHMessageEvent{}
 			err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IL2ETHGatewayABI, &event, "WithdrawETH", vlog)
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack WithdrawETH event", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack WithdrawETH event", "err", err)
 				return nil, nil, err
 			}
 			lastMessage := l2WithdrawMessages[len(l2WithdrawMessages)-1]
@@ -50,7 +41,7 @@ func (e *L2EventParser) ParseL2EventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []types.Log,
 			event := backendabi.ERC20MessageEvent{}
 			err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IL2ERC20GatewayABI, &event, "WithdrawERC20", vlog)
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack WithdrawERC20 event", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack WithdrawERC20 event", "err", err)
 				return nil, nil, err
 			}
 			lastMessage := l2WithdrawMessages[len(l2WithdrawMessages)-1]
@@ -64,7 +55,7 @@ func (e *L2EventParser) ParseL2EventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []types.Log,
 			event := backendabi.ERC721MessageEvent{}
 			err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IL2ERC721GatewayABI, &event, "WithdrawERC721", vlog)
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack WithdrawERC721 event", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack WithdrawERC721 event", "err", err)
 				return nil, nil, err
 			}
 			lastMessage := l2WithdrawMessages[len(l2WithdrawMessages)-1]
@@ -78,7 +69,7 @@ func (e *L2EventParser) ParseL2EventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []types.Log,
 			event := backendabi.BatchERC721MessageEvent{}
 			err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IL2ERC721GatewayABI, &event, "BatchWithdrawERC721", vlog)
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack BatchWithdrawERC721 event", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack BatchWithdrawERC721 event", "err", err)
 				return nil, nil, err
 			}
 			lastMessage := l2WithdrawMessages[len(l2WithdrawMessages)-1]
@@ -92,7 +83,7 @@ func (e *L2EventParser) ParseL2EventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []types.Log,
 			event := backendabi.ERC1155MessageEvent{}
 			err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IL2ERC1155GatewayABI, &event, "WithdrawERC1155", vlog)
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack WithdrawERC1155 event", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack WithdrawERC1155 event", "err", err)
 				return nil, nil, err
 			}
 			lastMessage := l2WithdrawMessages[len(l2WithdrawMessages)-1]
@@ -107,7 +98,7 @@ func (e *L2EventParser) ParseL2EventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []types.Log,
 			event := backendabi.BatchERC1155MessageEvent{}
 			err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IL2ERC1155GatewayABI, &event, "BatchWithdrawERC1155", vlog)
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack BatchWithdrawERC1155 event", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack BatchWithdrawERC1155 event", "err", err)
 				return nil, nil, err
 			}
 			lastMessage := l2WithdrawMessages[len(l2WithdrawMessages)-1]
@@ -122,17 +113,12 @@ func (e *L2EventParser) ParseL2EventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []types.Log,
 			event := backendabi.L2SentMessageEvent{}
 			err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IL2ScrollMessengerABI, &event, "SentMessage", vlog)
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack SentMessage event", "err", err)
-				return nil, nil, err
-			}
-			from, err := getRealFromAddress(ctx, event.Sender, e.client, vlog.TxHash, e.cfg.GatewayRouterAddr)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to get real 'from' address", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack SentMessage event", "err", err)
 				return nil, nil, err
 			}
 			l2WithdrawMessages = append(l2WithdrawMessages, &orm.CrossMessage{
 				MessageHash:    utils.ComputeMessageHash(event.Sender, event.Target, event.Value, event.MessageNonce, event.Message).String(),
-				Sender:         from,
+				Sender:         event.Sender.String(),
 				Receiver:       event.Target.String(),
 				TokenType:      int(orm.TokenTypeETH),
 				L2TxHash:       vlog.TxHash.String(),
@@ -151,7 +137,7 @@ func (e *L2EventParser) ParseL2EventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []types.Log,
 			event := backendabi.L2RelayedMessageEvent{}
 			err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IL2ScrollMessengerABI, &event, "RelayedMessage", vlog)
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack RelayedMessage event", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack RelayedMessage event", "err", err)
 				return nil, nil, err
 			}
 			l2RelayedMessages = append(l2RelayedMessages, &orm.CrossMessage{
@@ -165,7 +151,7 @@ func (e *L2EventParser) ParseL2EventLogs(ctx context.Context, logs []types.Log,
 			event := backendabi.L2RelayedMessageEvent{}
 			err := utils.UnpackLog(backendabi.IL2ScrollMessengerABI, &event, "FailedRelayedMessage", vlog)
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to unpack FailedRelayedMessage event", "err", err)
+				log.Warn("Failed to unpack FailedRelayedMessage event", "err", err)
 				return nil, nil, err
 			}
 			l2RelayedMessages = append(l2RelayedMessages, &orm.CrossMessage{
--- a/bridge-history-api/internal/logic/l2_fetcher.go
+++ b/bridge-history-api/internal/logic/l2_fetcher.go
@@ -33,10 +33,9 @@ type L2FilterResult struct {

 // L2FetcherLogic the L2 fetcher logic
 type L2FetcherLogic struct {
-	cfg             *config.FetcherConfig
+	cfg             *config.LayerConfig
 	client          *ethclient.Client
 	addressList     []common.Address
-	gatewayList     []common.Address
 	parser          *L2EventParser
 	db              *gorm.DB
 	crossMessageOrm *orm.CrossMessage
@@ -46,7 +45,7 @@ type L2FetcherLogic struct {
 }

 // NewL2FetcherLogic create L2 fetcher logic
-func NewL2FetcherLogic(cfg *config.FetcherConfig, db *gorm.DB, client *ethclient.Client) *L2FetcherLogic {
+func NewL2FetcherLogic(cfg *config.LayerConfig, db *gorm.DB, client *ethclient.Client) *L2FetcherLogic {
 	addressList := []common.Address{
 		common.HexToAddress(cfg.ETHGatewayAddr),

@@ -61,34 +60,16 @@ func NewL2FetcherLogic(cfg *config.FetcherConfig, db *gorm.DB, client *ethclient
 		common.HexToAddress(cfg.MessengerAddr),
 	}

-	gatewayList := []common.Address{
-		common.HexToAddress(cfg.ETHGatewayAddr),
-
-		common.HexToAddress(cfg.StandardERC20GatewayAddr),
-		common.HexToAddress(cfg.CustomERC20GatewayAddr),
-		common.HexToAddress(cfg.WETHGatewayAddr),
-		common.HexToAddress(cfg.DAIGatewayAddr),
-
-		common.HexToAddress(cfg.ERC721GatewayAddr),
-		common.HexToAddress(cfg.ERC1155GatewayAddr),
-
-		common.HexToAddress(cfg.MessengerAddr),
-
-		common.HexToAddress(cfg.GatewayRouterAddr),
-	}
-
 	// Optional erc20 gateways.
 	if common.HexToAddress(cfg.USDCGatewayAddr) != (common.Address{}) {
 		addressList = append(addressList, common.HexToAddress(cfg.USDCGatewayAddr))
-		gatewayList = append(gatewayList, common.HexToAddress(cfg.USDCGatewayAddr))
 	}

 	if common.HexToAddress(cfg.LIDOGatewayAddr) != (common.Address{}) {
 		addressList = append(addressList, common.HexToAddress(cfg.LIDOGatewayAddr))
-		gatewayList = append(gatewayList, common.HexToAddress(cfg.USDCGatewayAddr))
 	}

-	log.Info("L2 Fetcher configured with the following address list", "addresses", addressList, "gateways", gatewayList)
+	log.Info("L2 Fetcher configured with the following address list", "addresses", addressList)

 	f := &L2FetcherLogic{
 		db:              db,
@@ -97,8 +78,7 @@ func NewL2FetcherLogic(cfg *config.FetcherConfig, db *gorm.DB, client *ethclient
 		cfg:             cfg,
 		client:          client,
 		addressList:     addressList,
-		gatewayList:     gatewayList,
-		parser:          NewL2EventParser(cfg, client),
+		parser:          NewL2EventParser(),
 	}

 	reg := prometheus.DefaultRegisterer
@@ -147,7 +127,42 @@ func (f *L2FetcherLogic) getRevertedTxs(ctx context.Context, from, to uint64, bl
 		blockTimestampsMap[block.NumberU64()] = block.Time()

 		for _, tx := range block.Transactions() {
-			if tx.IsL1MessageTx() {
+			txTo := tx.To()
+			if txTo == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			toAddress := txTo.String()
+
+			// GatewayRouter: L2 withdrawal.
+			if toAddress == f.cfg.GatewayRouterAddr {
+				receipt, receiptErr := f.client.TransactionReceipt(ctx, tx.Hash())
+				if receiptErr != nil {
+					log.Error("Failed to get transaction receipt", "txHash", tx.Hash().String(), "err", receiptErr)
+					return nil, nil, nil, receiptErr
+				}
+
+				// Check if the transaction is failed
+				if receipt.Status == types.ReceiptStatusFailed {
+					signer := types.LatestSignerForChainID(new(big.Int).SetUint64(tx.ChainId().Uint64()))
+					sender, signerErr := signer.Sender(tx)
+					if signerErr != nil {
+						log.Error("get sender failed", "chain id", tx.ChainId().Uint64(), "tx hash", tx.Hash().String(), "err", signerErr)
+						return nil, nil, nil, signerErr
+					}
+
+					l2RevertedUserTxs = append(l2RevertedUserTxs, &orm.CrossMessage{
+						L2TxHash:       tx.Hash().String(),
+						MessageType:    int(orm.MessageTypeL2SentMessage),
+						Sender:         sender.String(),
+						Receiver:       (*tx.To()).String(),
+						L2BlockNumber:  receipt.BlockNumber.Uint64(),
+						BlockTimestamp: block.Time(),
+						TxStatus:       int(orm.TxStatusTypeSentTxReverted),
+					})
+				}
+			}
+
+			if tx.Type() == types.L1MessageTxType {
 				receipt, receiptErr := f.client.TransactionReceipt(ctx, tx.Hash())
 				if receiptErr != nil {
 					log.Error("Failed to get transaction receipt", "txHash", tx.Hash().String(), "err", receiptErr)
@@ -164,38 +179,6 @@ func (f *L2FetcherLogic) getRevertedTxs(ctx context.Context, from, to uint64, bl
 						MessageType:   int(orm.MessageTypeL1SentMessage),
 					})
 				}
-				continue
-			}
-
-			// Gateways: L2 withdrawal.
-			if !isTransactionToGateway(tx, f.gatewayList) {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			receipt, receiptErr := f.client.TransactionReceipt(ctx, tx.Hash())
-			if receiptErr != nil {
-				log.Error("Failed to get transaction receipt", "txHash", tx.Hash().String(), "err", receiptErr)
-				return nil, nil, nil, receiptErr
-			}
-
-			// Check if the transaction is failed
-			if receipt.Status == types.ReceiptStatusFailed {
-				signer := types.LatestSignerForChainID(new(big.Int).SetUint64(tx.ChainId().Uint64()))
-				sender, signerErr := signer.Sender(tx)
-				if signerErr != nil {
-					log.Error("get sender failed", "chain id", tx.ChainId().Uint64(), "tx hash", tx.Hash().String(), "err", signerErr)
-					return nil, nil, nil, signerErr
-				}
-
-				l2RevertedUserTxs = append(l2RevertedUserTxs, &orm.CrossMessage{
-					L2TxHash:       tx.Hash().String(),
-					MessageType:    int(orm.MessageTypeL2SentMessage),
-					Sender:         sender.String(),
-					Receiver:       (*tx.To()).String(),
-					L2BlockNumber:  receipt.BlockNumber.Uint64(),
-					BlockTimestamp: block.Time(),
-					TxStatus:       int(orm.TxStatusTypeSentTxReverted),
-				})
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -252,7 +235,7 @@ func (f *L2FetcherLogic) L2Fetcher(ctx context.Context, from, to uint64, lastBlo
 		return false, 0, common.Hash{}, nil, err
 	}

-	l2WithdrawMessages, l2RelayedMessages, err := f.parser.ParseL2EventLogs(ctx, eventLogs, blockTimestampsMap)
+	l2WithdrawMessages, l2RelayedMessages, err := f.parser.ParseL2EventLogs(eventLogs, blockTimestampsMap)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error("failed to parse L2 event logs", "from", from, "to", to, "err", err)
 		return false, 0, common.Hash{}, nil, err
@@ -296,15 +279,3 @@ func (f *L2FetcherLogic) updateMetrics(res L2FilterResult) {
 		}
 	}
 }
-
-func isTransactionToGateway(tx *types.Transaction, gatewayList []common.Address) bool {
-	if tx.To() == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	for _, gateway := range gatewayList {
-		if *tx.To() == gateway {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
--- a/bridge-history-api/internal/orm/batch_event.go
+++ b/bridge-history-api/internal/orm/batch_event.go
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"gorm.io/gorm"
-	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
 )

 // BatchStatusType represents the type of batch status.
@@ -90,21 +89,19 @@ func (c *BatchEvent) GetFinalizedBatchesLEBlockHeight(ctx context.Context, block
 }

 // InsertOrUpdateBatchEvents inserts a new batch event or updates an existing one based on the BatchStatusType.
-func (c *BatchEvent) InsertOrUpdateBatchEvents(ctx context.Context, l1BatchEvents []*BatchEvent) error {
+func (c *BatchEvent) InsertOrUpdateBatchEvents(ctx context.Context, l1BatchEvents []*BatchEvent, dbTX ...*gorm.DB) error {
 	for _, l1BatchEvent := range l1BatchEvents {
 		db := c.db
+		if len(dbTX) > 0 && dbTX[0] != nil {
+			db = dbTX[0]
+		}
 		db = db.WithContext(ctx)
 		db = db.Model(&BatchEvent{})
 		updateFields := make(map[string]interface{})
 		switch BatchStatusType(l1BatchEvent.BatchStatus) {
 		case BatchStatusTypeCommitted:
-			// Use the clause to either insert or ignore on conflict
-			db = db.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{
-				Columns:   []clause.Column{{Name: "batch_hash"}},
-				DoNothing: true,
-			})
 			if err := db.Create(l1BatchEvent).Error; err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to insert or ignore batch event, error: %w", err)
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to insert batch event, error: %w", err)
 			}
 		case BatchStatusTypeFinalized:
 			db = db.Where("batch_index = ?", l1BatchEvent.BatchIndex)
--- a/bridge-history-api/internal/orm/cross_message.go
+++ b/bridge-history-api/internal/orm/cross_message.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
@@ -46,9 +47,9 @@ const (
 	TxStatusTypeSent           TxStatusType = iota
 	TxStatusTypeSentTxReverted              // Not track message hash, thus will not be processed again anymore.
 	TxStatusTypeRelayed                     // Terminal status.
-	// Retry: this often occurs due to an out of gas (OOG) issue if the transaction was initiated via the frontend.
-	TxStatusTypeFailedRelayed
-	// Retry: this often occurs due to an out of gas (OOG) issue if the transaction was initiated via the frontend.
+	// FailedRelayedMessage event: encoded tx failed, cannot retry. e.g., https://sepolia.scrollscan.com/tx/0xfc7d3ea5ec8dc9b664a5a886c3b33d21e665355057601033481a439498efb79a
+	TxStatusTypeFailedRelayed // Terminal status.
+	// In some cases, user can retry with a larger gas limit. e.g., https://sepolia.scrollscan.com/tx/0x7323a7ba29492cb47d92206411be99b27896f2823cee0633a596b646b73f1b5b
 	TxStatusTypeRelayTxReverted
 	TxStatusTypeSkipped
 	TxStatusTypeDropped // Terminal status.
@@ -253,14 +254,18 @@ func (c *CrossMessage) GetTxsByAddress(ctx context.Context, sender string) ([]*C
 }

 // UpdateL1MessageQueueEventsInfo updates the information about L1 message queue events in the database.
-func (c *CrossMessage) UpdateL1MessageQueueEventsInfo(ctx context.Context, l1MessageQueueEvents []*MessageQueueEvent) error {
+func (c *CrossMessage) UpdateL1MessageQueueEventsInfo(ctx context.Context, l1MessageQueueEvents []*MessageQueueEvent, dbTX ...*gorm.DB) error {
 	// update tx statuses.
 	for _, l1MessageQueueEvent := range l1MessageQueueEvents {
 		db := c.db
+		if len(dbTX) > 0 && dbTX[0] != nil {
+			db = dbTX[0]
+		}
 		db = db.WithContext(ctx)
 		db = db.Model(&CrossMessage{})
 		// do not over-write terminal statuses.
 		db = db.Where("tx_status != ?", TxStatusTypeRelayed)
+		db = db.Where("tx_status != ?", TxStatusTypeFailedRelayed)
 		db = db.Where("tx_status != ?", TxStatusTypeDropped)
 		txStatusUpdateFields := make(map[string]interface{})
 		switch l1MessageQueueEvent.EventType {
@@ -293,12 +298,13 @@ func (c *CrossMessage) UpdateL1MessageQueueEventsInfo(ctx context.Context, l1Mes
 	// update tx hashes of replay and refund.
 	for _, l1MessageQueueEvent := range l1MessageQueueEvents {
 		db := c.db
+		if len(dbTX) > 0 && dbTX[0] != nil {
+			db = dbTX[0]
+		}
 		db = db.WithContext(ctx)
 		db = db.Model(&CrossMessage{})
 		txHashUpdateFields := make(map[string]interface{})
 		switch l1MessageQueueEvent.EventType {
-		case MessageQueueEventTypeDequeueTransaction:
-			continue
 		case MessageQueueEventTypeQueueTransaction:
 			// only replayMessages or enforced txs (whose message hashes would not be found), sentMessages have been filtered out.
 			db = db.Where("message_hash = ?", l1MessageQueueEvent.MessageHash.String())
@@ -308,8 +314,11 @@ func (c *CrossMessage) UpdateL1MessageQueueEventsInfo(ctx context.Context, l1Mes
 			db = db.Where("message_type = ?", MessageTypeL1SentMessage)
 			txHashUpdateFields["l1_refund_tx_hash"] = l1MessageQueueEvent.TxHash.String()
 		}
-		if err := db.Updates(txHashUpdateFields).Error; err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to update tx hashes of replay and refund in L1 message queue events info, update fields: %v, error: %w", txHashUpdateFields, err)
+		// Check if there are fields to update to avoid empty update operation (skip message).
+		if len(txHashUpdateFields) > 0 {
+			if err := db.Updates(txHashUpdateFields).Error; err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to update tx hashes of replay and refund in L1 message queue events info, update fields: %v, error: %w", txHashUpdateFields, err)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -353,11 +362,14 @@ func (c *CrossMessage) UpdateBatchIndexRollupStatusMerkleProofOfL2Messages(ctx c
 }

 // InsertOrUpdateL1Messages inserts or updates a list of L1 cross messages into the database.
-func (c *CrossMessage) InsertOrUpdateL1Messages(ctx context.Context, messages []*CrossMessage) error {
+func (c *CrossMessage) InsertOrUpdateL1Messages(ctx context.Context, messages []*CrossMessage, dbTX ...*gorm.DB) error {
 	if len(messages) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
 	db := c.db
+	if len(dbTX) > 0 && dbTX[0] != nil {
+		db = dbTX[0]
+	}
 	db = db.WithContext(ctx)
 	db = db.Model(&CrossMessage{})
 	// 'tx_status' column is not explicitly assigned during the update to prevent a later status from being overwritten back to "sent".
@@ -372,14 +384,18 @@ func (c *CrossMessage) InsertOrUpdateL1Messages(ctx context.Context, messages []
 }

 // InsertOrUpdateL2Messages inserts or updates a list of L2 cross messages into the database.
-func (c *CrossMessage) InsertOrUpdateL2Messages(ctx context.Context, messages []*CrossMessage) error {
+func (c *CrossMessage) InsertOrUpdateL2Messages(ctx context.Context, messages []*CrossMessage, dbTX ...*gorm.DB) error {
 	if len(messages) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
 	db := c.db
+	if len(dbTX) > 0 && dbTX[0] != nil {
+		db = dbTX[0]
+	}
 	db = db.WithContext(ctx)
 	db = db.Model(&CrossMessage{})
 	// 'tx_status' column is not explicitly assigned during the update to prevent a later status from being overwritten back to "sent".
+	// The merkle_proof is updated separately in batch status updates and hence is not included here.
 	db = db.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{
 		Columns:   []clause.Column{{Name: "message_hash"}},
 		DoUpdates: clause.AssignmentColumns([]string{"sender", "receiver", "token_type", "l2_block_number", "l2_tx_hash", "l1_token_address", "l2_token_address", "token_ids", "token_amounts", "message_type", "block_timestamp", "message_from", "message_to", "message_value", "message_data", "message_nonce"}),
@@ -390,60 +406,31 @@ func (c *CrossMessage) InsertOrUpdateL2Messages(ctx context.Context, messages []
 	return nil
 }

-// InsertFailedL2GatewayTxs inserts a list of transactions that failed to interact with the L2 gateways into the database.
-// To resolve unique index confliction, L2 tx hash is used as the MessageHash.
-// The OnConflict clause is used to prevent inserting same failed transactions multiple times.
-func (c *CrossMessage) InsertFailedL2GatewayTxs(ctx context.Context, messages []*CrossMessage) error {
+// InsertFailedGatewayRouterTxs inserts a list of transactions that failed to interact with the gateway router into the database.
+// These failed transactions are only fetched once, so they are inserted without checking for duplicates.
+// To resolve unique index confliction, a random UUID will be generated and used as the MessageHash.
+func (c *CrossMessage) InsertFailedGatewayRouterTxs(ctx context.Context, messages []*CrossMessage, dbTX ...*gorm.DB) error {
 	if len(messages) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
-
-	for _, message := range messages {
-		message.MessageHash = message.L2TxHash
+	db := c.db
+	if len(dbTX) > 0 && dbTX[0] != nil {
+		db = dbTX[0]
 	}

-	db := c.db
 	db = db.WithContext(ctx)
 	db = db.Model(&CrossMessage{})
-	db = db.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{
-		Columns:   []clause.Column{{Name: "message_hash"}},
-		DoNothing: true,
-	})
-
-	if err := db.Create(&messages).Error; err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to insert failed gateway router txs, error: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// InsertFailedL1GatewayTxs inserts a list of transactions that failed to interact with the L1 gateways into the database.
-// To resolve unique index confliction, L1 tx hash is used as the MessageHash.
-// The OnConflict clause is used to prevent inserting same failed transactions multiple times.
-func (c *CrossMessage) InsertFailedL1GatewayTxs(ctx context.Context, messages []*CrossMessage) error {
-	if len(messages) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
 	for _, message := range messages {
-		message.MessageHash = message.L1TxHash
+		message.MessageHash = uuid.New().String()
 	}
-
-	db := c.db
-	db = db.WithContext(ctx)
-	db = db.Model(&CrossMessage{})
-	db = db.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{
-		Columns:   []clause.Column{{Name: "message_hash"}},
-		DoNothing: true,
-	})
-
-	if err := db.Create(&messages).Error; err != nil {
+	if err := db.Create(messages).Error; err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to insert failed gateway router txs, error: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }

 // InsertOrUpdateL2RelayedMessagesOfL1Deposits inserts or updates the database with a list of L2 relayed messages related to L1 deposits.
-func (c *CrossMessage) InsertOrUpdateL2RelayedMessagesOfL1Deposits(ctx context.Context, l2RelayedMessages []*CrossMessage) error {
+func (c *CrossMessage) InsertOrUpdateL2RelayedMessagesOfL1Deposits(ctx context.Context, l2RelayedMessages []*CrossMessage, dbTX ...*gorm.DB) error {
 	if len(l2RelayedMessages) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -472,7 +459,7 @@ func (c *CrossMessage) InsertOrUpdateL2RelayedMessagesOfL1Deposits(ctx context.C
 	for _, msg := range mergedL2RelayedMessages {
 		uniqueL2RelayedMessages = append(uniqueL2RelayedMessages, msg)
 	}
-	// Do not update tx status of successfully relayed messages,
+	// Do not update tx status of successfully or failed relayed messages,
 	// because if a message is handled, the later relayed message tx would be reverted.
 	// ref: https://github.com/scroll-tech/scroll/blob/v4.3.44/contracts/src/L2/L2ScrollMessenger.sol#L102
 	// e.g.,
@@ -489,6 +476,7 @@ func (c *CrossMessage) InsertOrUpdateL2RelayedMessagesOfL1Deposits(ctx context.C
 				clause.And(
 					// do not over-write terminal statuses.
 					clause.Neq{Column: "cross_message_v2.tx_status", Value: TxStatusTypeRelayed},
+					clause.Neq{Column: "cross_message_v2.tx_status", Value: TxStatusTypeFailedRelayed},
 					clause.Neq{Column: "cross_message_v2.tx_status", Value: TxStatusTypeDropped},
 				),
 			},
@@ -501,7 +489,7 @@ func (c *CrossMessage) InsertOrUpdateL2RelayedMessagesOfL1Deposits(ctx context.C
 }

 // InsertOrUpdateL1RelayedMessagesOfL2Withdrawals inserts or updates the database with a list of L1 relayed messages related to L2 withdrawals.
-func (c *CrossMessage) InsertOrUpdateL1RelayedMessagesOfL2Withdrawals(ctx context.Context, l1RelayedMessages []*CrossMessage) error {
+func (c *CrossMessage) InsertOrUpdateL1RelayedMessagesOfL2Withdrawals(ctx context.Context, l1RelayedMessages []*CrossMessage, dbTX ...*gorm.DB) error {
 	if len(l1RelayedMessages) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -531,6 +519,9 @@ func (c *CrossMessage) InsertOrUpdateL1RelayedMessagesOfL2Withdrawals(ctx contex
 		uniqueL1RelayedMessages = append(uniqueL1RelayedMessages, msg)
 	}
 	db := c.db
+	if len(dbTX) > 0 && dbTX[0] != nil {
+		db = dbTX[0]
+	}
 	db = db.WithContext(ctx)
 	db = db.Model(&CrossMessage{})
 	db = db.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{
@@ -541,6 +532,7 @@ func (c *CrossMessage) InsertOrUpdateL1RelayedMessagesOfL2Withdrawals(ctx contex
 				clause.And(
 					// do not over-write terminal statuses.
 					clause.Neq{Column: "cross_message_v2.tx_status", Value: TxStatusTypeRelayed},
+					clause.Neq{Column: "cross_message_v2.tx_status", Value: TxStatusTypeFailedRelayed},
 					clause.Neq{Column: "cross_message_v2.tx_status", Value: TxStatusTypeDropped},
 				),
 			},
--- a/bridge-history-api/internal/orm/migrate/migrations/00002_batch_event_v2.sql
+++ b/bridge-history-api/internal/orm/migrate/migrations/00002_batch_event_v2.sql
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ CREATE TABLE batch_event_v2
    deleted_at          TIMESTAMP(0)  DEFAULT NULL
 );

-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS unique_idx_be_batch_hash ON batch_event_v2 (batch_hash);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_be_l1_block_number ON batch_event_v2 (l1_block_number);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_be_batch_index ON batch_event_v2 (batch_index);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_be_batch_index_batch_hash ON batch_event_v2 (batch_index, batch_hash);
--- a/common/version/version.go
+++ b/common/version/version.go
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"runtime/debug"
 )

-var tag = "v4.3.56"
+var tag = "v4.3.54"

 var commit = func() string {
 	if info, ok := debug.ReadBuildInfo(); ok {
--- a/contracts/circomlib.d.ts
+++ b/contracts/circomlib.d.ts
@@ -1,3 +1 @@
-declare module "circomlib/src/evmasm";
 declare module "circomlib/src/poseidon_gencontract";
-declare module "circomlib/src/poseidon_constants";
--- a/contracts/integration-test/PoseidonHash.spec.ts
+++ b/contracts/integration-test/PoseidonHash.spec.ts
@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-/* eslint-disable node/no-missing-import */
-/* eslint-disable node/no-unpublished-import */
-import { expect } from "chai";
-import { randomBytes } from "crypto";
-import { BigNumber, Contract } from "ethers";
-import { ethers } from "hardhat";
-import fs from "fs";
-
-import PoseidonWithoutDomain from "circomlib/src/poseidon_gencontract";
-import { generateABI, createCode } from "../scripts/poseidon";
-
-describe("PoseidonHash.spec", async () => {
-  // test against with circomlib's implementation.
-  context("domain = zero", async () => {
-    let poseidonCircom: Contract;
-    let poseidon: Contract;
-
-    beforeEach(async () => {
-      const [deployer] = await ethers.getSigners();
-
-      const PoseidonWithoutDomainFactory = new ethers.ContractFactory(
-        PoseidonWithoutDomain.generateABI(2),
-        PoseidonWithoutDomain.createCode(2),
-        deployer
-      );
-      poseidonCircom = await PoseidonWithoutDomainFactory.deploy();
-      await poseidonCircom.deployed();
-
-      const PoseidonWithDomainFactory = new ethers.ContractFactory(generateABI(2), createCode(2), deployer);
-      poseidon = await PoseidonWithDomainFactory.deploy();
-      await poseidon.deployed();
-    });
-
-    it("should succeed on zero inputs", async () => {
-      expect(await poseidonCircom["poseidon(uint256[2])"]([0, 0])).to.eq(
-        await poseidon["poseidon(uint256[2],uint256)"]([0, 0], 0)
-      );
-    });
-
-    it("should succeed on random inputs", async () => {
-      for (let bytes = 1; bytes <= 32; ++bytes) {
-        for (let i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
-          const a = randomBytes(bytes);
-          const b = randomBytes(bytes);
-          expect(await poseidonCircom["poseidon(uint256[2])"]([a, b])).to.eq(
-            await poseidon["poseidon(uint256[2],uint256)"]([a, b], 0)
-          );
-          expect(await poseidonCircom["poseidon(uint256[2])"]([a, 0])).to.eq(
-            await poseidon["poseidon(uint256[2],uint256)"]([a, 0], 0)
-          );
-          expect(await poseidonCircom["poseidon(uint256[2])"]([0, b])).to.eq(
-            await poseidon["poseidon(uint256[2],uint256)"]([0, b], 0)
-          );
-        }
-      }
-    });
-  });
-
-  // test against with scroll's go implementation.
-  context("domain = nonzero", async () => {
-    let poseidonCircom: Contract;
-    let poseidon: Contract;
-
-    beforeEach(async () => {
-      const [deployer] = await ethers.getSigners();
-
-      const PoseidonWithoutDomainFactory = new ethers.ContractFactory(
-        PoseidonWithoutDomain.generateABI(2),
-        PoseidonWithoutDomain.createCode(2),
-        deployer
-      );
-      poseidonCircom = await PoseidonWithoutDomainFactory.deploy();
-      await poseidonCircom.deployed();
-
-      const PoseidonWithDomainFactory = new ethers.ContractFactory(generateABI(2), createCode(2), deployer);
-      poseidon = await PoseidonWithDomainFactory.deploy();
-      await poseidon.deployed();
-    });
-
-    it("should succeed on zero inputs", async () => {
-      expect(await poseidon["poseidon(uint256[2],uint256)"]([0, 0], 6)).to.eq(
-        BigNumber.from("17848312925884193353134534408113064827548730776291701343555436351962284922129")
-      );
-      expect(await poseidon["poseidon(uint256[2],uint256)"]([0, 0], 7)).to.eq(
-        BigNumber.from("20994231331856095272861976502721128670019193481895476667943874333621461724676")
-      );
-    });
-
-    it("should succeed on random inputs", async () => {
-      const lines = String(fs.readFileSync("./integration-test/testdata/poseidon_hash_with_domain.data")).split("\n");
-      for (const line of lines) {
-        const [domain, a, b, hash] = line.split(" ");
-        expect(await poseidon["poseidon(uint256[2],uint256)"]([a, b], domain)).to.eq(BigNumber.from(hash));
-      }
-    });
-  });
-});
--- a/contracts/integration-test/ZkTrieVerifier.spec.ts
+++ b/contracts/integration-test/ZkTrieVerifier.spec.ts
@@ -5,9 +5,7 @@ import { concat } from "ethers/lib/utils";
 import { ethers } from "hardhat";
 import { MockZkTrieVerifier } from "../typechain";

-import { generateABI, createCode } from "../scripts/poseidon";
-
-const chars = "0123456789abcdef";
+import poseidonUnit from "circomlib/src/poseidon_gencontract";

 interface ITestConfig {
  block: number;
@@ -22,245 +20,170 @@ interface ITestConfig {

 const testcases: Array<ITestConfig> = [
  {
-    // curl -H "content-type: application/json" -X POST --data '{"id":0,"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_getProof","params":["0x5300000000000000000000000000000000000004", ["0x8391082587ea494a8beba02cc40273f27e5477a967cd400736ac46950da0b378"], "0x1111ad"]}' https://rpc.scroll.io
-    block: 1118637,
-    desc: "WETH.balance[0xa7994f02237aed2c116a702a8f5322a1fb325b31]",
+    block: 95216,
+    desc: "contract with storage",
    account: "0x5300000000000000000000000000000000000004",
-    storage: "0x8391082587ea494a8beba02cc40273f27e5477a967cd400736ac46950da0b378",
-    expectedRoot: "0x1334a21a74914182745c1f5142e70b487262096784ae7669186657462c01b103",
-    expectedValue: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006239b5a2c000",
+    storage: "0x9505174b0709a2a1997fe9797cb89648a93f17ce0096cbc1a6ed52b73170b96a",
+    expectedRoot: "0x2dc794537b959b575dc216cd11389d802f9389fce7183278561a824aa8e950e2",
+    expectedValue: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111346048bf18a14a",
    accountProof: [
-      "0x0907d980105678a2007eb5683d850f36a9caafe6e7fd3279987d7a94a13a360d3a1478f9a4c1f8c755227ee3544929bb0d7cfa2d999a48493d048ff0250bb002ab",
-      "0x092b59a024f142555555c767842c4fcc3996686c57699791fcb10013f69ffd9b2507360087cb303767fd43f2650960621246a8d205d086e03d9c1626e4aaa5b143",
-      "0x091f876342916ac1d5a14ef40cfc5644452170b16d1b045877f303cd52322ba1e00ba09f36443c2a63fbd7ff8feeb2c84e99fde6db08fd8e4c67ad061c482ff276",
-      "0x09277b3069a4b944a45df222366aae727ec64efaf0a8ecb000645d0eea3a3fa93609b925158cc04f610f8c616369094683ca7a86239f49e97852aa286d148a3913",
-      "0x092fb789200a7324067934da8be91c48f86c4e6f35fed6d1ce8ae4d7051f480bc0074019222c788b139b6919dfbc9d0b51f274e0ed3ea03553b8db30392ac05ce4",
-      "0x092f79da8f9f2c3a3a3813580ff18d4619b95f54026b2f16ccbcca684d5e25e1f52912fa319d9a7ba537a52cc6571844b4d1aa99b8a78cea6f686a6279ade5dcae",
-      "0x09249d249bcf92a369bd7715ec63a4b29d706a5dbb304efd678a2e5d7982e7fa9b202e3225c1031d83ab62d78516a4cbdbf2b22842c57182e7cb0dbb4303ac38c5",
-      "0x0904837ebb85ceccab225d4d826fe57edca4b00862199b91082f65dfffa7669b90039c710273b02e60c2e74eb8b243721e852e0e56fa51668b6362fd920f817cb7",
-      "0x090a36f6aabc3768a05dd8f93667a0eb2e5b63d94b5ce27132fb38d13c56d49cb4249c2013daee90184ae285226271f150f6a8f74f2c85dbd0721c5f583e620b10",
-      "0x091b82f139a06af573e871fdd5f5ac18f17c568ffe1c9e271505b371ad7f0603e716b187804a49d2456a0baa7c2317c14d9aa7e58ad64df38bc6c1c7b86b072333",
-      "0x0929668e59dfc2e2aef10194f5d287d8396e1a897d68f106bdb12b9541c0bab71d2bf910dea11e3209b3feff88d630af46006e402e935bc84c559694d88c117733",
-      "0x0914231c92f09f56628c10603dc2d2120d9d11b27fa23753a14171127c3a1ee3dd0d6b9cbd11d031fe6e1b650023edc58aa580fa4f4aa1b30bf82e0e4c7a308bb9",
-      "0x0914c1dd24c520d96aac93b7ef3062526067f1b15a080c482abf449d3c2cde781b195eb63b5e328572090319310914d81b2ca8350b6e15dc9d13e878f8c28c9d52",
-      "0x0927cb93e3d9c144a5a3653c5cf2ed5940d64f461dd588cd192516ae7d855e9408166e85986d4c9836cd6cd822174ba9db9c7a043d73e86b5b2cfc0a2e082894c3",
-      "0x090858bf8a0119626fe9339bd92116a070ba1a66423b0f7d3f4666b6851fdea01400f7f51eb22df168c41162d7f18f9d97155d87da523b05a1dde54e7a30a98c31",
-      "0x0902776c1f5f93a95baea2e209ddb4a5e49dd1112a7f7d755a45addffe4a233dad0d8cc62b957d9b254fdc8199c720fcf8d5c65d14899911e991b4530710aca75e",
-      "0x091d7fde5c78c88bbf6082a20a185cde96a203ea0d29c829c1ab9322fc3ca0ae3100ef7cba868cac216d365a0232ad6227ab1ef3290166bc6c19b719b79dbc17fc",
-      "0x091690160269c53c6b74337a00d02cb40a88ea5eba06e1942088b619baee83279e12d96d62dda9c4b5897d58fea40b5825d87a5526dec37361ec7c93a3256ea76d",
-      "0x091bccb091cde3f8ca7cfda1df379c9bfa412908c41037ae4ec0a20ce984e2c9a51d02c109d2e6e25dc60f10b1bc3b3f97ca1ce1aa025ce4f3146de3979403b99e",
-      "0x0927083540af95e57acba69671a4a596f721432549b8760941f4251e0dd7a013a917cee0f60d333cf88e40ae8710fb1fd6e3920346a376b3ba6686a4b2020a043e",
-      "0x082170b57b8f05f6990eec62e74cdb303741f6c464a85d68582c19c51e53f490000a5029a62ddc14c9c07c549db300bd308b6367454966c94b8526f4ceed5693b2",
-      "0x0827a0b16ef333dcfe00610d19dc468b9e856f544c9b5e9b046357e0a38aedaeb90000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-      "0x06126f891e8753e67c5cbfa2a67e9d71942eab3a88cde86e97a4af94ea0dde497821fb69ccdb00e6eaeaf7fc1e73630f39f846970b72ac801e396da0033fb0c247",
-      "0x0420e9fb498ff9c35246d527da24aa1710d2cc9b055ecf9a95a8a2a11d3d836cdf050800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000016ef00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000600058d1a5ce14104d0dedcaecaab39b6e22c2608e40af67a71908e6e97bbf4a43c59c4537140c25a9e8c4073351c26b9831c1e5af153b9be4713a4af9edfdf32b58077b735e120f14136a7980da529d9e8d3a71433fc9dc5aa8c01e3a4eb60cb3a4f9cf9ca5c8e0be205300000000000000000000000000000000000004000000000000000000000000",
+      "0x001988ce414103e97cb80613adde47d5fe0611b30087d1cfcdb84284c42907467e24ac744be2edcb86cdfc42a9bbb7b2a270649161c3ce3a41d3ad5a26927d2c79",
+      "0x0028db7c407cab6652f1f194401bd87bda33c9a1723b4f93515bd5929cad02668123fa5a3e69136c8e03a62c805f89c9d3578a6f5fac4bb281fc4d7df12fbcc5db",
+      "0x000376d1bfe3d5c6afffb5707a34003209c57fbf15430daf0f8022b4df2bb947460ab4fda7be343efd34af2420e8e9d4268f436cb7700a005086df4eba083407c8",
+      "0x0025df09dd66dd9d8b5b1abb82cee9985a2addd12e7f5671c910e27644ccaf498c2a2d7021169172e380831f43a00f0a3bef8576c7c74ac98fd7e7b1ec443ac92e",
+      "0x00218d51f8e754bf89062007dd765b50b7385bbb4a57db258ac8dcf9ad69b6f4552ddc5a17cec74d8e8f06e16c0a6112023c34d6c001060bc783ab4d06a4a9801a",
+      "0x001166c2eedfbbb4568ec27c57b2729437c0c8c38161fad643f03f76fbd807e712286d86bfdceb6729daedb6f219dd0f6080386d9a2a8f9c1dcb89792c8754e125",
+      "0x0028fd666ed406e277f6496bcac13af8b303b58c74be937399095399f4dd141c6f2876f81684c2546ff90b221ba2fe1290e671770af08fd545868e3351401b1503",
+      "0x000b9245c7ccc1eab305d40cced5e8aac6c8ddb877451075185bb7a6c1a4973a5d2852ce761c8e417a5f604a6ef4196ec101014aa1d1e4c684d1b5b8cbec5c37b1",
+      "0x0019755e50ef22e13ae17cbc33d9e708ee9efc011941b3a920bc65da9825b04eb029a43488e5584b68d1a98a215f03f31e063734a3305600f9feed11607271d0d3",
+      "0x002e10cc0afbf5b336e6a6eeae0c863df7a7c2ba61c599618fb973aeff397918e523b18c08a19fa6bc964ae41c56af610ab43d948db94ad2543e9807a5a0f1d2f0",
+      "0x00247f3f0cebebf749e27c8ffd81e9919cab114bd3d75029e3260e99b6c7fe551d06a69531144f521b68d1a2c7450f5a20146efdaf7b47271782bb8746a023cf84",
+      "0x0029ad88f0ee7198edcae37ab88efb2a27ea8956d6b988264b227843c175743c4329916ead363e6adfc27f400977d2d9efb1f896616a18d71e2702ec8201b82c57",
+      "0x002a1de55ee84561850354085516a1101705f8240b8f1e1f9aea3a464650d637a52fad2de438ac5851b0e28508af90bd385dbcad5df8ea23ca78792f094ff7ca0d",
+      "0x001ba118afa1977f1fda1411cd1c7f145ab97a35b1e724060d5cfc3d58b27141ee2b0a8dbf3d494c6a1bf6456c4de00de8e2f0d9be0716a3ca78d4df28948f975b",
+      "0x0025bdbf508c1e3808415136bfdd6dfb548c33348d813882b0d405913405d575010c60f95c658dc8113f7c97935a35d78c23dba131c25866fc8d93920e318d2450",
+      "0x0007bc3ec4d80df884c4d87f4541ffa522046a4c52e6cccb9ff7376ff56149e5d21b87a56676f679f4b8b4478c8a3aa80a09127258cccd4aa373a5c7c2344d2d03",
+      "0x010aef26efde9e4bca477d460482bce3de3577f6e9a280dea6d3f9985b4151deab0508000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000071d0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000013328350573dd32b38291529042b30b83bf20bfc7e18ab6a9755e2ea692d5a7644f896b0d629cf9740d72ccbc90dd6141deb3fab132f1ebc17ab963c612c7123d5a524d0158cc8291b081281272d79459760d885ea652024615d55b114b5872571b21aee99977b8681205300000000000000000000000000000000000004000000000000000000000000",
      "0x5448495320495320534f4d45204d4147494320425954455320464f5220534d54206d3172525867503278704449",
    ],
    storageProof: [
-      "0x09240ea2601c34d792a0a5a8a84d8e501cfdfdf2c10ef13ea560acac58661882dd1b3644d1d4f3e32fc78498a7ebeffac8c6a494ac6f36923ef1be476444c0d564",
-      "0x0912af3ac8f8ea443e6d89d071fccaa2b3c8462220c1c2921234f613b41594f08f2a170e61f5f436b536c155b438044cf0d0f24b94b4c034ad22b3eae824998243",
-      "0x0916011d547d7a54929c3515078f4f672c6b390ccdd4119f0776376910bc5a38da1a059ed9c504fadcc9f77e8a402175743bee1f5be27b7002b0f6c5b51070452c",
-      "0x09017285edc268d979eb410b46627e541afda16cdb3577ce04c15dc14cc6609c60143f0c01e71e99b2efbe3d8e62a2c812889aa9fd88dd4b0ed8eadcf1ec9b096a",
-      "0x0922901e65200b007ad8e1b972e90403b336e459e0cf9b9d68732da345b1b0f6872c9e3f3edacbd857b26d0a66a80aa56c6ebaa9849e9ea5a2b17fd59cabe138e4",
-      "0x091b77a00164a72880eec6c18fc043fa99f922e20bbee156e1ebfd3a358bee6bbb24d97cfaa234befe197a567476cade91b7d97a1017b8d5286dae4dddadffe1cd",
-      "0x09216f1c4d67a9a428885bb8d978ad369d2d69d4dcc1692c3a0c3ea05da7d6f0ac2d6dda722e76eb513c67718e7be0478851758be5547322473a53b5b2b67faf95",
-      "0x091f56c6f18ceb7077125df1ed17a42a85956090594125c1b182161de20f8af6aa2e36977412f9ea2ad2c0951153969eca8408317558ff1b6b4ad731726235f606",
-      "0x092ca197dda6c519d80296f4fcda2933df9608ec684ad000133259024041d070812d29b058a998cf7ffc647b2739041725d77889f58953799c6aba6d9e5b981fc8",
-      "0x091c25a87d321a09ad2a149d1a7eaa77727c7feffb4c39caf44f8edd4377f7bd0c16d1091494d3c90d301c1cb4596692798e78e4cc3d53c3a08e2641de43f9da18",
-      "0x092166058c98245eb85b08da1c569df11f86b00cc44212a9a8ee0d60556d05a8030942c68b535651e11af38264ecc89e5f79b66c3d9ce87233ad65d4894a3d1c3d",
-      "0x0908c3b13b7400630170baec7448c7ec99fa9100cad373e189e42aca121e2c8f450f9e40d92d98bb0b1286a18581591fddfa8637fc941c1630237293d69e5cb98f",
-      "0x091362d251bbd8b255d63cd91bcfc257b8fb3ea608ce652784e3db11b22ca86c0122a0068fa1f1d54f313bed9fd9209212af3f366e4ff28092bf42c4abebffe10a",
-      "0x081d67961bb431a9da78eb976fabd641e20fbf4b7e32eb3faac7dfb5abb50f1faf1438d77000c1cf96c9d61347e1351eb0200260ebe523e69f6e9f334ec86e6b58",
-      "0x0819324d2488778bdef23319a6832001ee85f578cc920670c81f3645f898a46ec62e00385c4416ca4ccbab237b13396e5e25e5da12101021c6a6f9ecfe7c7fed19",
-      "0x041421380c36ea8ef65a9bdb0202b06d1e03f52857cdfea3795463653eaa3dd7d80101000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006239b5a2c000208391082587ea494a8beba02cc40273f27e5477a967cd400736ac46950da0b378",
+      "0x000a52b818e0a009930d62c17f2b1244179b7c14f8e1ae317fb3bfd3a3ba6060031b2a4aa2df31e79f926474987eea69aab84f4581cfd61b0338438110f6be145b",
+      "0x001684ff1ef6ea054c5a6a5cae45f9280dacfc10c6cde39d1f64a00ad3c77549fe1c14ff8a628c0244ba48d63610e5d0b514c1b7b60301b6f27f77a435caf8bd60",
+      "0x001a2ba0ad7d6447d3c2476aa2e6bd04ab552ac1840450ce11f338f58a80fcdf420df4b9fc89108a0a44d844d981abe44d5ab20a5a101d07e94d131f07bf83ba62",
+      "0x0007158ec8942174c68bde0ab3666eb29b3c5784693bbfcd21126789d98bbdd05409f0313df8ddc438abe4798854f30c9daa2274950ce833a2de21e09b8b2c11b2",
+      "0x000ab27b84c73e447618f030ad9d621b0d61cc783e7ae5671ffcd3ff479b5093fe173d6126fa71986aa679b5384a2dc25f3a15f806a546e933f9fda6ac0a3460d9",
+      "0x0024ca9a7c6b7bf77c7a7acdae9d8e551b08ec6adf30abb7d1c45a6bbd5058ea921802170d5cc7de7d294cf6c67b0ac0208fe76497803554fb5bba9f78721568eb",
+      "0x0018a60c68b26022ced26cce2be1af1d6b33f4c16596d1ba18d5f47fea98ae490b12e66678391e289de1cf981c122e765265b94f0669614d94847480a77c2d3b74",
+      "0x001a776d5e5902c9a073c86a71ee80d167d6e2eb92150df2afb3d87f18b2cce6f02af158ba1cfbc643b36c1e001b59473cc88663b44c8d70739a27b804ec387146",
+      "0x0012cd2c1070b0d2eb215eb760fba9b843bd5c732102ce9773701076b0e37a437e136901c4ddc1cdbef42f46af629296ca5965b41a53cce65237612cea27477076",
+      "0x002bf94aa1fcb474365039e949bbbeabe0162ffc490b1b63ffe0f84bf182a8bf16169fe345e742d176a80f6e733177736d93e40fc9fdd4866efa6cc45ad94e9577",
+      "0x001a2e6e1b585fa0564fc606c3d62c26d9a113d75430966ff3f500e450c762edeb24fb1e5456ed4313d9418a1b073ae8b3f852f0f8435752bbbe65d21726ddb873",
+      "0x002529704fb28f7d3f9d2f3e9d38b000b6bfc2a21cb0a1955797016536066307d70ba7397326ecf50b98153f9e3baa96608efdf7d772b1ff28649bef677860dba9",
+      "0x0022f4f22a1d85ac83a56e7031559cf874c78a2f2ee6b6b93625f588313964a6d0052f6c873c6417d409c2a5317b31449b36fb4faede558d03b448b06b4a198daa",
+      "0x0017167b295954b29f62d7347dab3158aedc8586d5aa233d3f69c14bc7fe31eb840000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+      "0x002d7bed0c0f0318a6fc60f903f4a42841cc4fa431ddf1a97fc34f35d6a267434b2a1a818d75328089a9578143e31b1f535517e09ff50a728b100483e712c8bc9a",
+      "0x0126ae15b478408eb45ea8b6f61aad1345f2b6257efd1acc4a6024b26f664c98240101000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111346048bf18a14a209505174b0709a2a1997fe9797cb89648a93f17ce0096cbc1a6ed52b73170b96a",
      "0x5448495320495320534f4d45204d4147494320425954455320464f5220534d54206d3172525867503278704449",
    ],
  },
  {
-    // curl -H "content-type: application/json" -X POST --data '{"id":0,"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_getProof","params":["0x5300000000000000000000000000000000000004", ["0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002"], "0x1111ad"]}' https://rpc.scroll.io
-    block: 1118637,
-    desc: "WETH.totalSupply",
-    account: "0x5300000000000000000000000000000000000004",
+    block: 95216,
+    desc: "contract with empty storage node",
+    account: "0xb75d7e84517e1504c151b270255b087fd746d34c",
    storage: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002",
-    expectedRoot: "0x1334a21a74914182745c1f5142e70b487262096784ae7669186657462c01b103",
-    expectedValue: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000600058d1a5ce14104d",
-    accountProof: [
-      "0x0907d980105678a2007eb5683d850f36a9caafe6e7fd3279987d7a94a13a360d3a1478f9a4c1f8c755227ee3544929bb0d7cfa2d999a48493d048ff0250bb002ab",
-      "0x092b59a024f142555555c767842c4fcc3996686c57699791fcb10013f69ffd9b2507360087cb303767fd43f2650960621246a8d205d086e03d9c1626e4aaa5b143",
-      "0x091f876342916ac1d5a14ef40cfc5644452170b16d1b045877f303cd52322ba1e00ba09f36443c2a63fbd7ff8feeb2c84e99fde6db08fd8e4c67ad061c482ff276",
-      "0x09277b3069a4b944a45df222366aae727ec64efaf0a8ecb000645d0eea3a3fa93609b925158cc04f610f8c616369094683ca7a86239f49e97852aa286d148a3913",
-      "0x092fb789200a7324067934da8be91c48f86c4e6f35fed6d1ce8ae4d7051f480bc0074019222c788b139b6919dfbc9d0b51f274e0ed3ea03553b8db30392ac05ce4",
-      "0x092f79da8f9f2c3a3a3813580ff18d4619b95f54026b2f16ccbcca684d5e25e1f52912fa319d9a7ba537a52cc6571844b4d1aa99b8a78cea6f686a6279ade5dcae",
-      "0x09249d249bcf92a369bd7715ec63a4b29d706a5dbb304efd678a2e5d7982e7fa9b202e3225c1031d83ab62d78516a4cbdbf2b22842c57182e7cb0dbb4303ac38c5",
-      "0x0904837ebb85ceccab225d4d826fe57edca4b00862199b91082f65dfffa7669b90039c710273b02e60c2e74eb8b243721e852e0e56fa51668b6362fd920f817cb7",
-      "0x090a36f6aabc3768a05dd8f93667a0eb2e5b63d94b5ce27132fb38d13c56d49cb4249c2013daee90184ae285226271f150f6a8f74f2c85dbd0721c5f583e620b10",
-      "0x091b82f139a06af573e871fdd5f5ac18f17c568ffe1c9e271505b371ad7f0603e716b187804a49d2456a0baa7c2317c14d9aa7e58ad64df38bc6c1c7b86b072333",
-      "0x0929668e59dfc2e2aef10194f5d287d8396e1a897d68f106bdb12b9541c0bab71d2bf910dea11e3209b3feff88d630af46006e402e935bc84c559694d88c117733",
-      "0x0914231c92f09f56628c10603dc2d2120d9d11b27fa23753a14171127c3a1ee3dd0d6b9cbd11d031fe6e1b650023edc58aa580fa4f4aa1b30bf82e0e4c7a308bb9",
-      "0x0914c1dd24c520d96aac93b7ef3062526067f1b15a080c482abf449d3c2cde781b195eb63b5e328572090319310914d81b2ca8350b6e15dc9d13e878f8c28c9d52",
-      "0x0927cb93e3d9c144a5a3653c5cf2ed5940d64f461dd588cd192516ae7d855e9408166e85986d4c9836cd6cd822174ba9db9c7a043d73e86b5b2cfc0a2e082894c3",
-      "0x090858bf8a0119626fe9339bd92116a070ba1a66423b0f7d3f4666b6851fdea01400f7f51eb22df168c41162d7f18f9d97155d87da523b05a1dde54e7a30a98c31",
-      "0x0902776c1f5f93a95baea2e209ddb4a5e49dd1112a7f7d755a45addffe4a233dad0d8cc62b957d9b254fdc8199c720fcf8d5c65d14899911e991b4530710aca75e",
-      "0x091d7fde5c78c88bbf6082a20a185cde96a203ea0d29c829c1ab9322fc3ca0ae3100ef7cba868cac216d365a0232ad6227ab1ef3290166bc6c19b719b79dbc17fc",
-      "0x091690160269c53c6b74337a00d02cb40a88ea5eba06e1942088b619baee83279e12d96d62dda9c4b5897d58fea40b5825d87a5526dec37361ec7c93a3256ea76d",
-      "0x091bccb091cde3f8ca7cfda1df379c9bfa412908c41037ae4ec0a20ce984e2c9a51d02c109d2e6e25dc60f10b1bc3b3f97ca1ce1aa025ce4f3146de3979403b99e",
-      "0x0927083540af95e57acba69671a4a596f721432549b8760941f4251e0dd7a013a917cee0f60d333cf88e40ae8710fb1fd6e3920346a376b3ba6686a4b2020a043e",
-      "0x082170b57b8f05f6990eec62e74cdb303741f6c464a85d68582c19c51e53f490000a5029a62ddc14c9c07c549db300bd308b6367454966c94b8526f4ceed5693b2",
-      "0x0827a0b16ef333dcfe00610d19dc468b9e856f544c9b5e9b046357e0a38aedaeb90000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-      "0x06126f891e8753e67c5cbfa2a67e9d71942eab3a88cde86e97a4af94ea0dde497821fb69ccdb00e6eaeaf7fc1e73630f39f846970b72ac801e396da0033fb0c247",
-      "0x0420e9fb498ff9c35246d527da24aa1710d2cc9b055ecf9a95a8a2a11d3d836cdf050800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000016ef00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000600058d1a5ce14104d0dedcaecaab39b6e22c2608e40af67a71908e6e97bbf4a43c59c4537140c25a9e8c4073351c26b9831c1e5af153b9be4713a4af9edfdf32b58077b735e120f14136a7980da529d9e8d3a71433fc9dc5aa8c01e3a4eb60cb3a4f9cf9ca5c8e0be205300000000000000000000000000000000000004000000000000000000000000",
-      "0x5448495320495320534f4d45204d4147494320425954455320464f5220534d54206d3172525867503278704449",
-    ],
-    storageProof: [
-      "0x09240ea2601c34d792a0a5a8a84d8e501cfdfdf2c10ef13ea560acac58661882dd1b3644d1d4f3e32fc78498a7ebeffac8c6a494ac6f36923ef1be476444c0d564",
-      "0x0912af3ac8f8ea443e6d89d071fccaa2b3c8462220c1c2921234f613b41594f08f2a170e61f5f436b536c155b438044cf0d0f24b94b4c034ad22b3eae824998243",
-      "0x0916011d547d7a54929c3515078f4f672c6b390ccdd4119f0776376910bc5a38da1a059ed9c504fadcc9f77e8a402175743bee1f5be27b7002b0f6c5b51070452c",
-      "0x092293af71b7b9315c32d08f06e291b85e3b3dbba786dd31952369f666281aa21125ab35feae70aaca9349f6af48f7dcf2dee0324e4eae03e929963e7728b633a3",
-      "0x090607033a4b976c1e4683298d66b88a95ed45033ff43dea0670d84a8c42d35bf12562869385c0e70f561f18be4b78e7276b837f140a45ab12ffef1ba4ad5faecb",
-      "0x090abc5f713c2f58583114bb5081d00cbd01789d8efbd95e471b151c71c475142f0f52ad30f8a63288eb9dd12aca2a670de08c03f8384f55d730c943e1c472625b",
-      "0x0905156e8704d6195f6ae562aed2072f4e32422c6dfd4840ca354b9c4d2de5ce760fca52b1e0689ad374bae9fbea262a929f919695149a083fe6bacb806dc02fca",
-      "0x0917078d4c193a3fdbfe8ce3a235a0e1df89e626b5e91636097e299883fc2447892ad46eefbb27909544fe02c05e29760315749f6ce21c17c52158f5f5616c2dad",
-      "0x0917d02e5da8bdb969149c9327b247a6aaa479bcda4a03665da5103c10e616d2f40ccabdacdd25b34235d26e50e7af5d8d312a2cafdcadd41cc589a71a322f254c",
-      "0x090c62f5c476c1def8ed8a8c25ae54581690b39dfab4b0f3f78b93df96f626714328ea922a76a058087563bb5370664e9a1cebe3062f2d904bf5e3a018219d6563",
-      "0x091e481971f770e587b1f62f1da9ac4687abc5b2a23097fc38332e15ab957ca0ab0ec0a95c15313887e0d2f166c100deaf17f2ce50767680e6e5b2e3068801c0cd",
-      "0x0911799e186f1bd299dfa08c07404b9d28e2b179fb6ad523f1846872537b6db85f198b573ac1397048258de38b391fcc5e0c86a0f81f4ca607785fb37041ab8b4d",
-      "0x092053a028cf3bfcdabcb58985efc39f078cb0bcae4439528a0b6fe4b24bbdbd2c019a04a54e9e96077f3c2c39c1602a83387018b6357ea4c28e96764865d1c8f3",
-      "0x07303fad3e4628ccae4de1adb41996c9f38b22445b6525ff163b4c68cbde275b1a06111cae9b4d17b730d94f589e20c6ae2cb59bf0b40ad05bf58703ee6d46eac4",
-      "0x0606bc3fca1f1b3c877aa01a765c18db8b0d7f0bc50bd99f21223055bf1595c84d04fdc0fd416d8402fde743d908d032a20af6f2e65cdc6cc289f72c04f1c2476f",
-      "0x04020953ad52de135367a1ba2629636216ed5174cce5629d11b5d97fe733f07dcc010100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000600058d1a5ce14104d200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002",
-      "0x5448495320495320534f4d45204d4147494320425954455320464f5220534d54206d3172525867503278704449",
-    ],
-  },
-  {
-    // curl -H "content-type: application/json" -X POST --data '{"id":0,"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_getProof","params":["0x5300000000000000000000000000000000000004", ["0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002222"], "0x1111ad"]}' https://rpc.scroll.io
-    block: 1118637,
-    desc: "random empty storage in WETH",
-    account: "0x5300000000000000000000000000000000000004",
-    storage: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002222",
-    expectedRoot: "0x1334a21a74914182745c1f5142e70b487262096784ae7669186657462c01b103",
+    expectedRoot: "0x2dc794537b959b575dc216cd11389d802f9389fce7183278561a824aa8e950e2",
    expectedValue: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    accountProof: [
-      "0x0907d980105678a2007eb5683d850f36a9caafe6e7fd3279987d7a94a13a360d3a1478f9a4c1f8c755227ee3544929bb0d7cfa2d999a48493d048ff0250bb002ab",
-      "0x092b59a024f142555555c767842c4fcc3996686c57699791fcb10013f69ffd9b2507360087cb303767fd43f2650960621246a8d205d086e03d9c1626e4aaa5b143",
-      "0x091f876342916ac1d5a14ef40cfc5644452170b16d1b045877f303cd52322ba1e00ba09f36443c2a63fbd7ff8feeb2c84e99fde6db08fd8e4c67ad061c482ff276",
-      "0x09277b3069a4b944a45df222366aae727ec64efaf0a8ecb000645d0eea3a3fa93609b925158cc04f610f8c616369094683ca7a86239f49e97852aa286d148a3913",
-      "0x092fb789200a7324067934da8be91c48f86c4e6f35fed6d1ce8ae4d7051f480bc0074019222c788b139b6919dfbc9d0b51f274e0ed3ea03553b8db30392ac05ce4",
-      "0x092f79da8f9f2c3a3a3813580ff18d4619b95f54026b2f16ccbcca684d5e25e1f52912fa319d9a7ba537a52cc6571844b4d1aa99b8a78cea6f686a6279ade5dcae",
-      "0x09249d249bcf92a369bd7715ec63a4b29d706a5dbb304efd678a2e5d7982e7fa9b202e3225c1031d83ab62d78516a4cbdbf2b22842c57182e7cb0dbb4303ac38c5",
-      "0x0904837ebb85ceccab225d4d826fe57edca4b00862199b91082f65dfffa7669b90039c710273b02e60c2e74eb8b243721e852e0e56fa51668b6362fd920f817cb7",
-      "0x090a36f6aabc3768a05dd8f93667a0eb2e5b63d94b5ce27132fb38d13c56d49cb4249c2013daee90184ae285226271f150f6a8f74f2c85dbd0721c5f583e620b10",
-      "0x091b82f139a06af573e871fdd5f5ac18f17c568ffe1c9e271505b371ad7f0603e716b187804a49d2456a0baa7c2317c14d9aa7e58ad64df38bc6c1c7b86b072333",
-      "0x0929668e59dfc2e2aef10194f5d287d8396e1a897d68f106bdb12b9541c0bab71d2bf910dea11e3209b3feff88d630af46006e402e935bc84c559694d88c117733",
-      "0x0914231c92f09f56628c10603dc2d2120d9d11b27fa23753a14171127c3a1ee3dd0d6b9cbd11d031fe6e1b650023edc58aa580fa4f4aa1b30bf82e0e4c7a308bb9",
-      "0x0914c1dd24c520d96aac93b7ef3062526067f1b15a080c482abf449d3c2cde781b195eb63b5e328572090319310914d81b2ca8350b6e15dc9d13e878f8c28c9d52",
-      "0x0927cb93e3d9c144a5a3653c5cf2ed5940d64f461dd588cd192516ae7d855e9408166e85986d4c9836cd6cd822174ba9db9c7a043d73e86b5b2cfc0a2e082894c3",
-      "0x090858bf8a0119626fe9339bd92116a070ba1a66423b0f7d3f4666b6851fdea01400f7f51eb22df168c41162d7f18f9d97155d87da523b05a1dde54e7a30a98c31",
-      "0x0902776c1f5f93a95baea2e209ddb4a5e49dd1112a7f7d755a45addffe4a233dad0d8cc62b957d9b254fdc8199c720fcf8d5c65d14899911e991b4530710aca75e",
-      "0x091d7fde5c78c88bbf6082a20a185cde96a203ea0d29c829c1ab9322fc3ca0ae3100ef7cba868cac216d365a0232ad6227ab1ef3290166bc6c19b719b79dbc17fc",
-      "0x091690160269c53c6b74337a00d02cb40a88ea5eba06e1942088b619baee83279e12d96d62dda9c4b5897d58fea40b5825d87a5526dec37361ec7c93a3256ea76d",
-      "0x091bccb091cde3f8ca7cfda1df379c9bfa412908c41037ae4ec0a20ce984e2c9a51d02c109d2e6e25dc60f10b1bc3b3f97ca1ce1aa025ce4f3146de3979403b99e",
-      "0x0927083540af95e57acba69671a4a596f721432549b8760941f4251e0dd7a013a917cee0f60d333cf88e40ae8710fb1fd6e3920346a376b3ba6686a4b2020a043e",
-      "0x082170b57b8f05f6990eec62e74cdb303741f6c464a85d68582c19c51e53f490000a5029a62ddc14c9c07c549db300bd308b6367454966c94b8526f4ceed5693b2",
-      "0x0827a0b16ef333dcfe00610d19dc468b9e856f544c9b5e9b046357e0a38aedaeb90000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-      "0x06126f891e8753e67c5cbfa2a67e9d71942eab3a88cde86e97a4af94ea0dde497821fb69ccdb00e6eaeaf7fc1e73630f39f846970b72ac801e396da0033fb0c247",
-      "0x0420e9fb498ff9c35246d527da24aa1710d2cc9b055ecf9a95a8a2a11d3d836cdf050800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000016ef00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000600058d1a5ce14104d0dedcaecaab39b6e22c2608e40af67a71908e6e97bbf4a43c59c4537140c25a9e8c4073351c26b9831c1e5af153b9be4713a4af9edfdf32b58077b735e120f14136a7980da529d9e8d3a71433fc9dc5aa8c01e3a4eb60cb3a4f9cf9ca5c8e0be205300000000000000000000000000000000000004000000000000000000000000",
+      "0x001988ce414103e97cb80613adde47d5fe0611b30087d1cfcdb84284c42907467e24ac744be2edcb86cdfc42a9bbb7b2a270649161c3ce3a41d3ad5a26927d2c79",
+      "0x0028db7c407cab6652f1f194401bd87bda33c9a1723b4f93515bd5929cad02668123fa5a3e69136c8e03a62c805f89c9d3578a6f5fac4bb281fc4d7df12fbcc5db",
+      "0x0006801926f00b574e3a88162d192482fecba9918b77e133dd77587d9efaf5c7861712d244ac8ad4bc0bffe0dbe8ab261865c9a69b4b7769e9c188ec048460ce78",
+      "0x002f3161746c2c70c7cefb74c07bc16b28bd9011343f5c6f8756471cd0b184601a25d05d5447a572452964b3c20f40ef841bf313c958e82a6923584e20496df67f",
+      "0x000efef3e3e174da6f3f451b5a2652d2489fff449a217c10841e68e4a15995d6521c4b1552c592020fbc7219c5d67ff00bd630db8102ce5c6ca12bea29b80ba5e5",
+      "0x0019b4749b17792c0ad9f7b460a0faf35400da9423be38ac5c40e81c805acc72592c0b933e1c25d05db98d98fc4f04b27610b2ee88281126099aed42f27cd96b00",
+      "0x002b8d563c5041f28afa38da01b6ec9e7278250be79f7f55e2586955e75ab75fad2055ea72cd44209c41c94ddfb980fe5b007b3e997085bc1fe5b514f72f860c05",
+      "0x001335698617876fcc272740f765d53d53ee511dc9dc33965aaa0a5584f2f0fc02274c435ba9cc0fd5b897350de8cc1837d3a2baaa54ef3f9c66f689f20eddaf1a",
+      "0x0010f766b8dbe13e3f27f45da3ad7e5c31fd1c11c51f4f892851519182cdc9348921c10d83a16e057f99623dcd68ab28a78e48b655df756245631521d04e85e583",
+      "0x002bb5fce9df47073438d61ee438d900ab4ab01ac7f053e57c6ffe3e8f1746285016a600e6b7ee90281bbc3bd9b9523a663261cda2208ae98efcf76df8c965fb76",
+      "0x002cad2eb5194b59d880565b03cd667a842923c1310a60bd818685c8fe4120d86817ee8bfffdb490f78f23d6fb38bb1c27f10f877c5017b8b2c21ad14f23df0eab",
+      "0x001f064044ca94d6f30ef93ee1bb6ae35450acf1c8f5b113b0f0ff39e4b65cfb9a25141ae7fc30c69000991e65c626c1b12fb76bca02c68f8116d15698a5934b71",
+      "0x0014382fa3481f424cc33c39f77fd3df54c5951be347c629ab5baec238e46cab050b2b8bec8ebdbc97dd6c0ab867aae5746e51b69b7b8177c96dbc0c4531521d3e",
+      "0x0011941db7a46d1a3ddbd27a4a57a0ce1865b6e224552b233d9d545745489257f408c8e3a0a147e117dbb89827018a2df52d124cee29e82b15643e4877cabe4d06",
+      "0x0000d7b8f99e5f148297bf4bf7e5133f87dbdf1932dbb152e0cb14c472c7d26f26146c4f72b903bb98b0855c1ca5bef4bada14a773dcda341d10402004e999d757",
+      "0x0104eeb1fce36df4d3f6423137af3855d16bc936184295529c58682bb5217d64d905080000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000867000000000000000130644e72e131a029b85045b68181585d2833e84879b96ea2850beb8e012d423615fd9926356a5b1f3a4599c7cccd6df3b45097b6527756e572b90fc8c40496f831f2125c021fb94759cb1993a2f07eae01792311e13f209441ff8969cf1eb8351cafbbe8f01ed4c292d9a27be523919a274441a076b20c7d713d192dbe6485c220b75d7e84517e1504c151b270255b087fd746d34c000000000000000000000000",
      "0x5448495320495320534f4d45204d4147494320425954455320464f5220534d54206d3172525867503278704449",
    ],
    storageProof: [
-      "0x09240ea2601c34d792a0a5a8a84d8e501cfdfdf2c10ef13ea560acac58661882dd1b3644d1d4f3e32fc78498a7ebeffac8c6a494ac6f36923ef1be476444c0d564",
-      "0x092fa31ba6c9b8f291512a582ab446daf7aa3787e68f9628d08ec0db329027d9001af83d361b481ed4b943d988cb0191c350b8efc85cfceba74afb60783488d441",
-      "0x092c2ec2d967208cb5088400d826b52113d606435be011b6c9f721f293fb12242515681c9016eb1c222dcdbeeeb9fd3a504caba892f4c1832741a2b17a7305598a",
-      "0x090c7fe825c29bf5df80c7101ff8a372ba4f7b2ac37c16a3bbda38cc1e38e682460499b7e5d21d3784f496e747140f465eb1a39a019d2be8baf13a5e39f359a4ed",
-      "0x092bb11ebbc7cd1e565b86498aecab16842ab3fa852c7943cfbc49ee4bc593b2f308a78e1bc555e07d36d5c812af57c18f67199197a52ff74bc4e32ca6b7fadf32",
-      "0x092fd1e042080801034c6d6c79d462016c74b97dfbb1272cf606e638911a08f21c02434541eeed6d66002c69042f9354211e40518316a2d98cc0da0f19fb1ea013",
-      "0x09024bd491ec707bc3e8bea6b2754f37b1e85903061aefabd945537eef2f4d38b4136b925b004d29603c5e6195e073322d27f0c6ea3fa1ea5c5b248ff60dda594c",
-      "0x09269e1f468bd9bbde77a13562645a80a77d26d801781ca95d385bd59ee1b0890b03694bf9043190620265bf0bc3baa4d82cc82302ae0bbf33cfa48b0ec9d5ab25",
-      "0x0924d8bf62b2a725684847208dc021d5aee9f3c8f14c14786bc9f93232dfd3e068120bb7d022bbb159b4b84bb9e36cd2fcd89d761e265c1b88c8bdb9745a51cb22",
-      "0x092680f932920fd86de0b417cfdbeb2836a470213097ed5abb1a2b4deba8437f6825fd0ec614b97e6cfa4d50b08ad1e0fd8a5cd72db3a468128d1045d6a54e5e6e",
-      "0x0909e630914cee4db538057a0218a72288b88b2603aee0f805254b865a03de87c92ce46c1aa77ee8c42bb60c4175826f4dbb89d6282c01ff3de654c961599e66c3",
-      "0x091a17302d53ad1b7a4472d111fd27b35720d49ce27259b5e42f46339dddf235e82b973c29f44cf69b589f724d7d2fa54bf38b37bde3fc66c0d965a8c10df80caa",
-      "0x0916572156ae22ae2b0bc84ff41d16668be7163da26db2b13b86c218e0516c97a4131b584b7192464dde26060f66f678b03c8db8f64f1cd7a1f98a22a90cce5850",
-      "0x092c6ee2ca598c123445bbbd403ca3ab8a95ce2443f941ebdcf7bb035e2a3e38e22e8d5b222a1019b126f0ecf277c7fed881413e879cd4dc5df66634b6e9fb688d",
-      "0x0700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002822301c27c0bd26a8f361545a09d509a2feed981accf780de30244f0300321d",
-      "0x05",
+      "0x000c180cb3d57f72eb405dfc667d167967e4709cf3722a87b4c924f78a1d8fa9e926d16eb1f4902f8ac7a48fdf98274c9c4061f9f14f783e2fb41ef50c53d5f8ad",
+      "0x000f78c968ee196c478c91d12a48edfde6c630d40203652c6420ff5aa3619549a4297615606d62866169d509f77c9cb38751ae282cafdc27caf891585b383b4795",
+      "0x000798716960783afdcfd0749aa3b316d6e3d6ec2724853e629b42b5a9a10208e02e5f5fe3d5b8b823d3481aa1e738a1a24d6d1a63116e0003044672d73a7df2e4",
+      "0x0014748f61c4954d239225204b4611d66384f08ef03db3da82957fd590ee00b6c92b873e4bd217f8dfb0fa29bca1087ac7bc29db616a6830ba456091bab772ac06",
+      "0x000a1c900952239e98f5f1a3009e623bf6cf533d3b0d6d13d28d04f0496761927c0be199ff86f081ebb1c413e850450a4cce01dfd2c455156d7abde31385ae2ab8",
+      "0x00028d4e89bc6ce55b5e6bba0f2f3758dafcdb4722e6c1a06f6faa8bae065bc8ae0644641c0ac696c265b3ec90889e3842c9a7a5902f1a5e807c5767ed49106982",
+      "0x001e8434bf68ee6077d88efb5449ad286455a522e63a6bce5544cf785b77a5842d041a4e324bc47aa8ae42b56446f687758a8091986b6d760fd283a9e097a64e3a",
+      "0x00250bc6ba916a2acb3ce53053a88be40b815fa749d144dc709a7a46a08361e83c05b2b5b05f45324ab921e04ae1278371ebe1e092203259f4e5306eb46ad50f8c",
+      "0x0011c208e2c536c37674b1ecafff0261146c326c939544781da7062bbd0ac2fbca246f5225dc41e9fc17fe531f5bdc3325620e4003b3310a2cf7e31011b19c68a2",
+      "0x001dc8d4177945ac89a3c61977ed787e50c9d8a0c5d85dd6b1409ec11213b324e6228005b222573db7882205be776a5bd2183944b6fcf63af604e31b9285bd010e",
+      "0x0014ba74da33d2ca27e3f78bc1bd052c2b92176ce4136df751a8229051de383c2b0c8994f02704420f1f84963281364401d00f6d5aa9b6f52135bd96159c1c3b9b",
+      "0x00188c7ee45a6c28fa7ad49a86206b70764066b1888b0de90e4410d7132a641f8b0eecbba072e28ed6705379104e30dd2557c47b30be7dd5e8c893b8a641d02701",
+      "0x0010fb29a3bb8191eb03bd345ad1995bf6a57f09929f72dc8a9c42435c2eef734b1d565bfc8ae78d6c1496f2bdfeadff6890e8ddef4c6b730a5ec8575344800c90",
+      "0x001b2abe5a1352c492c3ac47d2ff93896977a99a0783eedadc6246efc9b4e78ab408291f4e9234e4662a365f40090e1b323e3448fa2f6cdc9c929477095499c323",
+      "0x00083b5711eb1cbba5e79c53227057d4987a22dd22b5ef715bf21f558917f48b17027f174fd4ca77e412ca65a7fbf6151e4473fa909ea384c7687b45f860d0103a",
+      "0x00100158ee54f61ba5b093a43a348cfd202c87ba1533af2b24fc2f068de89a8d15100f3cc72c206d05d44db4272bd67db89bc6e5c86d7c1b03b40395ec4661595c",
+      "0x002a15c17fcf2a10c6d1bcbd59ae262f80ad33518d499059a668e115045069ef012788a404ba41b5f8a96f0b294d0ba91e65b1bf58eee74adb8e55ca12f22fdccc",
+      "0x00031177585837e616bc830056a4bd12821c9c779096df361ebe1d77379e96ff9e0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+      "0x02",
      "0x5448495320495320534f4d45204d4147494320425954455320464f5220534d54206d3172525867503278704449",
    ],
  },
  {
-    // curl -H "content-type: application/json" -X POST --data '{"id":0,"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_getProof","params":["0x5300000000000000000000000000000000000044", ["0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"], "0x1111ad"]}' https://rpc.scroll.io
-    block: 1154766,
-    desc: "random empty storage in some contract",
-    account: "0x226D078166C78e00ce5E97d8f18CDc408512bb0F",
-    storage: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
-    expectedRoot: "0x1e5cf13822e052084c315e944ca84f1ef375583e85e1508055123a182e415fab",
-    expectedValue: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-    accountProof: [
-      "0x09062c633f6d7c7a157025fef8ab1c313a7caadda3a64b23664741f9de3b0478fe27571cf9b45d5f4deddf5f0b5354a613998fdcbe9249bb7cde92fd45513c5a99",
-      "0x0920d6877efe14060018278754e91682430401880981fec1cd1b63610bed0c1e332a63aca7a8898b01983e2c53a7257310318da444fd6c8b705e488943205301a8",
-      "0x090f6dadd53bbc0f5fa4fa03961aff0bf252ae335e11c1836253b6bc214d66759010b10d80991219a66f1eb7e07169b4cec4fa74b04edbdc08c3f238dfdf1d2fac",
-      "0x0921ea10af71b5f3587ff9d42178a151427cbcde37b8bee6575463bf6b83110cca0520d5f97b44e7015453ec16d9c28980d2cec3df5c860eb8a455f49dcfa339be",
-      "0x092d19cf96a7c129aac6f72f780703a9ef3233fc5124d592baee751a3550dd692a02c962b87efbba5aeea4856c3df29c1ea540e1fbc7a74529d5dc793fe8e490d8",
-      "0x0922e20a087e600560007189ccc1a159e4fffeb1876a6de3772b7f450793a1c6620ada74791f3ecd25a650701578ef9661c64e75d836c681503e96228974a53903",
-      "0x0924839671b636ebb56cb9a2860a3edf2a2875774e84dfcf8546135189f808d724260ac8be541ff088a9a1d2468c4c6e2faa793009be553a3cbca003649ee511db",
-      "0x090cd8140d844f62e44ffe820c1b2b0d4aa8f0518c15ff61759d93d805cb017cb628d5b46a4c4ec0a10eb00155808890925050f7af2279b512c25005d963283262",
-      "0x0913c0698673b0be011485eba05c61ac41bf14fc960ce5dbb6f5a021809eabbb0e18adaf85a3724e1a644268b845f5014b39e574928b9a01bfcd25d6fe1cf03e8f",
-      "0x0912c2e7da4b091c52e0012e5c13baf07d9d9daed10a558262d2e700a7c823300e054dce1849561bbeede4368a3be06f5a2bae06bdb1bc2bcefdba84634fd1991c",
-      "0x090b3e9c665497a0f9c1d3f1448c6d9144a287eb0accf86fea6f443f51986df7130392814f078a19643081787478ec3a010e2757a574877a194136c529813cf7ae",
-      "0x09249a0e273abe79a0b99a55516e19213191b7f77ef34f8815edc4e1ede8711f7920615adbac1983d844c8a6ed50922562432c13d030069d8b3e92611b4fe39531",
-      "0x09199575893e55d92fafb3b067130b9b6b5a46e7f6fb2d0af412d12591632dfe961adffb9dd1e7490095aac94bc1fcaeb591f4ba907fe2b882c9f6d8f7ab3a1809",
-      "0x09259308e9398f029ebbe31a4b353f474622b4c96995b7365c3b13c392fcc3e7001be60286a497a3886aa9cff3ad6a5dc71504078eb7a44c43530b7b33eef4743f",
-      "0x090709a21aaf18a1eaea3b925ab36f47a82095aa3e9ddbc4f01463005c4b64f6af0554d854637fcbfd9b1a4c2474de343950569e4f855d66f2ee14fcfb19ee17f5",
-      "0x092d7319be75a70b8ea5f0acc6ab4a96971ec546f72b18bdc3e905ad6ea8a288f70626499aee389335559b1dd3cc8b6711f9fde0c517236190cba24fa87993877a",
-      "0x09081b165a51e3081fc2e3e27d6fdb81134b65284851798de62899db3065a8c1fc040c8dce92508a510c2c34fc2949910dd41247c9f247cd216c03d9bb9d2881b4",
-      "0x092a27c5be32e1ab6e85d1ac094bc1509d92285f45c63fca6dba9b14d485a94af326d44c1ff85666a4790182ddd7e51cbbe06af81d62082e6d79faec29a4501369",
-      "0x091a46df6ffd6b439ffcd1b57e9548f5c4db26ade9e984efc8a91a01ab22134d3c1617b504ac2015793c5dac16d379b5ca6cb70c14243491bb68535ee686a3a553",
-      "0x08180e90f9f9a4fd8065a5849539793bd9e9340b69770eff1716a733241e454c341641f913f1c32e2c652b876f902e5c2c8d51c482411ec44dae969bdc50264c42",
-      "0x06273c162ecb059cd86ec0a01033dd61c39f59ee0a13eb41a28c0b2d49a45f6f94081be344adea9f54587a832b9efef6fc9ec010d86ec5fb2b53b5ff8dbabc4924",
-      "0x040b792f5b15327fc37390341af919c991641846d380397e4c73cbb1298921a546050800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000fb0000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000be74cc05824041ef286fd08582cdfacec7784a35af72f937acf64ade5073da10889249d61c3649abf8749bf686a73f708d67726fada3e071b03d4541da9156b20226d078166c78e00ce5e97d8f18cdc408512bb0f000000000000000000000000",
-      "0x5448495320495320534f4d45204d4147494320425954455320464f5220534d54206d3172525867503278704449",
-    ],
-    storageProof: [
-      "0x05",
-      "0x5448495320495320534f4d45204d4147494320425954455320464f5220534d54206d3172525867503278704449",
-    ],
-  },
-  {
-    // curl -H "content-type: application/json" -X POST --data '{"id":0,"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_getProof","params":["0xC73BfBD94fb1FD860997D4E76D116BDE0333BeEf", ["0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"], "0x2a7531"]}' https://sepolia-rpc.scroll.io
-    block: 2782513,
-    desc: "contract with only one storage entry",
-    account: "0xC73BfBD94fb1FD860997D4E76D116BDE0333BeEf",
+    block: 95216,
+    desc: "contract with no storage",
+    account: "0x9c0fc47d9346e2be1e24f6cef76149779fe52715",
    storage: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-    expectedRoot: "0x13c6008daf17807163a056504e562d4adf13870306814b1a3877cda5297d5ae9",
-    expectedValue: "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000c",
+    expectedRoot: "0x2dc794537b959b575dc216cd11389d802f9389fce7183278561a824aa8e950e2",
+    expectedValue: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    accountProof: [
-      "0x09272d92cb48d19e41ef64be1da3e10026eb87d227132becb4fba0dd1451783de425f66c55ff0bec0b012e11d64aaaa6c322566d58cf45525cb05302132518f23d",
-      "0x0920908000907fe2260e41f8682510eee0572937459163ea1940c2eae8b2d5862e015e7c84f56f5948bfc9c242506d14f5c3c1b97bba1b262b40b108f5d7e69287",
-      "0x09078402c38a02e2b3dda819b761ca6448029f3dd42ae7876ac0dba0d762e3ddb818d80485f0a15f54f110aad9a98b00bdf9ccb56bbcb069552c7f6c10be1b9c15",
-      "0x09123243fe438606648fe3bcef5eb0165920315fb2b9316ce3ec0daac885577f190b84d9901fc150f52ed177f23ec31de4254b293c6eac2088009f3e13e3a08b78",
-      "0x09053c59663d3eafad212f58c4834090db4bfd0ba2b13d3108e0acade089a5da9229a75e0b30abc41d4fb252faf9f3aa8ef750b780247d83186cdc333635c25038",
-      "0x09163255ef0b1fdec7ec97c4e002cdeb6c963ca26d9d03ebdf78eb44dfdb57e4bd1fa9f68cc583c1e7019cc62133ede53e5636330de9a2c09e75f03760026e3729",
-      "0x09296d3cb1c4fd539ed015f2853649d20f5db111ce13c30b7e6efa4c9468741d1e0eea62adcf73aa5bdb4868cd776df429d26787f424beeda38f4ad19aa83e43e4",
-      "0x0908288df27fa423895de38ec5a52e809d99b683c5b32463501f5dad642b71387f0a3d37ae9df53b5cfdda0ac67765662e8a71a19b05d38f4a464596e129a35570",
-      "0x091a774fef4e8294fcca57d213846e51bfcf71249680e937e14248e532b47abd762ad72878f07f4abbba8bd13da9b75f681f35a748bb8fc078913e16a91bce783e",
-      "0x092799a146ba6b2bf4b6a24aef88c9590d9643d53f429438e348518a17af3d6e8d10e3b39898c3795c9386518438465581ca232445532fb549a8bddbdd6f4e0eed",
-      "0x0914c654d53c9f8656b784709decbd12ba786800a77c929f3b4255d59138b42dff282005f8997b73d64eeb112775885c4c08d2ee4e356cc2db58154dde48a0a1e4",
-      "0x091c71601a71f28ed0f6aeb59cf8a7bf29ce7dd3203352099920086e02007496260b811e85a0cd244d56f199b357d5c3a54f897fea21637698943679d07b33db8d",
-      "0x092a66de31cef7b4b195772a2b96edba3ca7d97a5bbe974d071c37f0d0ca0545be0be9ca0dd4c9d62ec3ba0a404713fefe6b62391ba3f6d283a47e83fdb18c3a4e",
-      "0x09093842042d196ae30784d31ed1526dd5d60cabe292eb5333e42936a2edbbaf1d237998efa424724063547c02cfa835ebfc24131315c34229b363f46fefda33ee",
-      "0x0911637da97122f89f421a4564d5328893ff4b5de123aecad06e07ea45d9622b87096a296e974b5eda0f2d35cb5531c4a55f3c1e181a8bb4a0b33399e7c93853d4",
-      "0x0921feeaba62a4ad78791d662737a3fa52a527dcd892f5d3af2cfbed4b6591d50f2fae639afb8ab4640a2d166616a4803442b26b9a8f5148a1c88adda1e2d911da",
-      "0x090ddbe424e9368f262ef80a144383fc4f518b27200f7a61a996a075b3b84ab5041c755907f230eea27d060fa827a5743c7046cd0dc7487047bc3a7d222d65d2d7",
-      "0x092d6e65349fd6751353b4b72fdd03d3ee4b1721efb434db76679c1c348b60fdc0177c7d961201138c98f85daf8a49b7a083a41e77dcd819d359b3db55c4a941a9",
-      "0x090b0d48518cb602b73a86bd7b2294d401e6ad4851e3c7549fc7d23eea017eadd72e3245236b50c7f256de16bae063df6221b8331443c9d3a79e867fd77dd85cee",
-      "0x07062bf32f202ec2afa65dfa84fffc76b5c05309768078544920f9b56d021606ce0b7371683425d088ad37f063ee847a9accac416314f1308cce69a8beeb2d2ab7",
-      "0x090ffc989b8556e69159e246cb74cf7a2e30df63e9b7dba76ede73996ab60d9799063ca19e1d436cea189d17c5d93b8da0fa11b3ee88de1030602d1e8087cbb3da",
-      "0x070000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000084f906a52b7da7bf35f3cc2431b40cfb90884c2ec0b579c9c096aea959509f7",
-      "0x0620b6c0072d699768c0b52df46b97dae979a14788ed54dad1d7ce67db6e036a07291784b726760c2d728e4084d95df6d1534e27284c8ae2eeb56a80210f37da2b",
-      "0x041245637ec55bae3c02f990e3cc3bf59cc05f515731cfa59ee55f8164953f8965050800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ac000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000f68a43f5508e9c1f845406d9a507b612f97530746e59b93c8705f1a7cb0b93451e52f95aea13b1bc1f37dfbf797bfe7cea82a8c82da148f507e1ef2036fea8314b9fb07c4311e129d72b858c37b6bbe09c616f78416cb53d6e83360aff7b99c20c73bfbd94fb1fd860997d4e76d116bde0333beef000000000000000000000000",
+      "0x001988ce414103e97cb80613adde47d5fe0611b30087d1cfcdb84284c42907467e24ac744be2edcb86cdfc42a9bbb7b2a270649161c3ce3a41d3ad5a26927d2c79",
+      "0x0007af09eec4d7cc8903e99bd9fb9b8e57c30b0c3e34b17da769b01a9a1b943f391c4537228dbbfd7e7cce02123416bfdd61fb83577725516123b569eafcd8087d",
+      "0x0013a22efa6a843f6de1925fce2f6a83c7ed307182b16f661d0e7a8046561999393050830a440d2506adf42ccedece4e3aadc6bc80cea20fc1d8ed9e9c61597da0",
+      "0x001056a19427eac81b91de5db696812b3a0384bf41b37a12e9cbb7dc62404a102a1465c13c8d3721e137a64d9e5ba1267ac418339b3648bfab5a2a86f2343c2b4d",
+      "0x000794d2c0e19bc86772c2d1a43d46de87ad221847bddcfdffa19dbd34f3c3a9b507c5f198eb63c18640af5eff5480830147639cec070d276b778f21677d22ce32",
+      "0x000b23d93f98ec6e3536ffcab6afc6e2eb9b73aeb573d288723350366c05469e2e23837ffea9235351ee533af680d14011825e098f81ce3f8f59e9f08deff05e3d",
+      "0x002ad200ac8be8275ef12b8aeaec526d2b5255128968a2cd2ff775cab14e2ec4e907f2e9b849239e0e94332a50ac9d97320c56ca718c5e023cacd69f80b4c97c86",
+      "0x00284be135a2d7f5822a7949189b90696df39b1b183206c764576bf457df4fd1560204a9fc6c0dc199eecb404acfcabf4a633916fc94d2790dcd34959809c2195d",
+      "0x00270c2cd154aea3b575a1c7d47c62576bbdce6bbc7ccf5682e7962cf6cb77f0d317fdbac10917644860584c3057c750df695f529189f90910c30f114257719990",
+      "0x00174956df87889921e2a6ddb257fa84508fd7ea22c5a622b84378678e781a2289053dc6b3c4f91335b64f4b170bfe70bb5e2e316227b329d2b1205e7c62c4f755",
+      "0x002f9284ded18b8f281841094a93cb55b95884eec55d8eaa759c6175ddb2e037111c63bcee8ccf544fff55c3e502270e574d1f0b6265c4c7c6f42db5061b0120db",
+      "0x00065fdf05e66407d26a36a49d042c9c5e8cebab3baa2d3fd1ae6e673c3636cf7e2d9dbf3781e3f26f06fb503638a8bf00882f58dc83500338df4b7e08a290a5fb",
+      "0x00138987046c770f02f5d8e7d073f6c055536450fa55ccd2a23957598b6070297926f3a0b645072c5bd5c15cdcf03a4474e94d760e3a76fb8714b20b9d74608823",
+      "0x00280e7f8e278e02e43843aaba5a9a722a89af0ece06b5892284f825974e1c1984185be1fda9b5322a4c41023127eee438849ea23390e6c2d4d9abdedb5a1a43fc",
+      "0x00208f32072c6e20863710406ad34339da1124c639941e935818dd9ad9419849c91e0e37873df7eb190a2846789df889bbfd522200e2a41423ff9ab0acf2592be0",
+      "0x0005fb23491fabbc9b3eead71117b86a27952e8fd4b3380336ac3f479832e94bad109a1b6dca757696b8831d2529ffda29f37af36f92fec738376df77561491083",
+      "0x0028baee42b4a9a70b7ec1e50ea1a6817f812082a28598dca106aaecf2761fb63c06e5b589490c27f5cfc233890456ec47a7365ff2882a27c73968f4829d011b05",
+      "0x001708247f7a96b84cad27c31985cd39b6cc9435b4ec3f4db9aeed3311c213de651e2f271ae0fa011e5e6fccd121492400327efb915c95d85956a9cd27ceb4321a",
+      "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002332e856217b3bab09901f1daa9ddc91edf56964e03675d260d00ffdf6e2e715",
+      "0x000571dce6fee951f457db89bae18abbd78b6b06504602a103133d2a38cabf5f5b1ecb13b03e3493e217c65da70baf4c4fad74808110658924869ba0e75d0871db",
+      "0x001738a6461148300d30699edb55d3b5bb62760aeb9384c07d61aa062c401f3a7d0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+      "0x000c14152707412177bbe1cfed882d7d7bdfca4e96be701a3c41bb3d254491f0bf0096ebc25015b9a40d4fe7490bda8ecb7f3a01e858d7833dce8f1993be4db07d",
+      "0x0117294cb69b0984b3a26d77eae252f9d8e438808bf276ee8c0c0546b7316c9bca05080000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ab1000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ed3aa0dd2cd363d4cea5d5283ec359f75be36a12ceddc7f80a58af9d39a418a02b6a0ff9eb34bf0e52f67047f95556a96c4f40822412da0c8bd0340996a754f4209c0fc47d9346e2be1e24f6cef76149779fe52715000000000000000000000000",
      "0x5448495320495320534f4d45204d4147494320425954455320464f5220534d54206d3172525867503278704449",
    ],
    storageProof: [
-      "0x041d3c5f8c36e5da873d45bfa1d2399a572ac77493ec089cbf88a37b9e9442842201010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000c200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+      "0x02",
+      "0x5448495320495320534f4d45204d4147494320425954455320464f5220534d54206d3172525867503278704449",
+    ],
+  },
+  {
+    block: 95216,
+    desc: "EOA with balance",
+    account: "0x0384a6f7e2588bb251688f9ab8d10932a98e9f28",
+    storage: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+    expectedRoot: "0x2dc794537b959b575dc216cd11389d802f9389fce7183278561a824aa8e950e2",
+    expectedValue: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+    accountProof: [
+      "0x001988ce414103e97cb80613adde47d5fe0611b30087d1cfcdb84284c42907467e24ac744be2edcb86cdfc42a9bbb7b2a270649161c3ce3a41d3ad5a26927d2c79",
+      "0x0028db7c407cab6652f1f194401bd87bda33c9a1723b4f93515bd5929cad02668123fa5a3e69136c8e03a62c805f89c9d3578a6f5fac4bb281fc4d7df12fbcc5db",
+      "0x0006801926f00b574e3a88162d192482fecba9918b77e133dd77587d9efaf5c7861712d244ac8ad4bc0bffe0dbe8ab261865c9a69b4b7769e9c188ec048460ce78",
+      "0x002f3161746c2c70c7cefb74c07bc16b28bd9011343f5c6f8756471cd0b184601a25d05d5447a572452964b3c20f40ef841bf313c958e82a6923584e20496df67f",
+      "0x0007602275f17f6c339ec3febc879c2ca72efa782ff1888b04553f82333eb0e60c068c8e4fe6da32f7f80a4acb50b690a7204581e5e4b8e9e7daa115dfcb466ae1",
+      "0x000cb512d4ab158b5e7d5852cc7531788f11e64e5959cc1233d7a64eaaca36426116fea9120cf06c241843db50d81978b402281dfe15ba7d8a8c689bfbe0b31a1a",
+      "0x002eb4fff0642f7be6d8e95793d9371d606df48efd0b62a7eb01b0a9669307be2b0ee7d01463afc3dac441f66e675ba06fec67b692e3f7a46510d096836468a3cb",
+      "0x0003ea09dc5b0ca3ce2961d3200c09b837ea535447e3ba45e5583dbb4e9db48b2208abfec237c907584104b11444f55fa3fa7e6f6a5954817ecea6361516f0271b",
+      "0x001c654478a700ac0414f5cd8da557e04f9570939802c3963e801523f001ebb4d916d301b50f89760520da2a662b03a207e9372902153ba84ef0f5438472f466c6",
+      "0x0009f3b0d95ec5d88cfc2db19520f43d110d12c757a58ae7f578095de96e5d319d2c8f43a67b0c01008670f07eb53071b835f19cbb45d6e76281a083087217d988",
+      "0x000348f024d617f64de7be803547c109b98f833b090e8a3dea0c2bed201ce752c12a4fb71f098941741c42e156651d8a42632e3acbf6f14cd9763b50216af75d61",
+      "0x0029f85b49319fe7dfced69a258b1baf213d638fe3082b9a13f38e553e9d3269333054c4cb6d1e91bc2dfced1559b58cd6474ac6583a1fc5a2bef5eaa7b96ecea0",
+      "0x000a4d19e2ec5f98d9ccdc1e94d9334668b87ea451195f9a8319b98cfdb077c5ce1adc64852505188363c7e98b83501e876862d8ffbd8b4051f3cb6dde7f0e8afe",
+      "0x002568d5d87f19b2b3f2b7341ee61fb45f56dc76734beaa4f1a9865b80b9d9a7d500a191ba054a28841f25c34ad384817a2af2ebada6047517dbb2b6a1338e48c7",
+      "0x0027f6df1a3610c7447efd280fa6a949713456a1ba79b50dc7fb87c5cb3312b19311b3c9c4420874b02bdc1ea102dc77bb803c1a5042d565aea99054ae0eb816b2",
+      "0x0018a3d33e2c0d076ca4ddb093516d90cb8ba8b508e8d372d3a8a93aa9eef6079b138df6cb61c8f92dcbea8cd90ead1efa49f3a24f814c88a7bdca8fd83f4d0675",
+      "0x00268f3122e558d5084a1b3ffc293b67bd2436152fbee80566226d4a753b5b44c40b6d06e2f5f17009a7e146889c2f492b077a462d602e0e72f53373a154aa450e",
+      "0x0006c81bc9375fe1a0ebb75b151c8a321b85970c1a8a5aa7396a7076a4d6f26c8118a7e9e0987d7c6d0100180c9ba496db2b967f6acf7bc11d002314693416b3bf",
+      "0x011fb221b659992b8d98a645cb37666f934ded70f1f5d82dad67dace71d7191f8105080000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000300000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000d8d6f2b3da41cda2e0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000c5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a4702098f5fb9e239eab3ceac3f27b81e481dc3124d55ffed523a839ee8446b64864200384a6f7e2588bb251688f9ab8d10932a98e9f28000000000000000000000000",
+      "0x5448495320495320534f4d45204d4147494320425954455320464f5220534d54206d3172525867503278704449",
+    ],
+    storageProof: [
+      "0x02",
      "0x5448495320495320534f4d45204d4147494320425954455320464f5220534d54206d3172525867503278704449",
    ],
  },
@@ -272,9 +195,13 @@ describe("ZkTrieVerifier", async () => {
  beforeEach(async () => {
    const [deployer] = await ethers.getSigners();

-    const PoseidonHashWithDomainFactory = new ethers.ContractFactory(generateABI(2), createCode(2), deployer);
+    const Poseidon2Elements = new ethers.ContractFactory(
+      poseidonUnit.generateABI(2),
+      poseidonUnit.createCode(2),
+      deployer
+    );

-    const poseidon = await PoseidonHashWithDomainFactory.deploy();
+    const poseidon = await Poseidon2Elements.deploy();
    await poseidon.deployed();

    const MockZkTrieVerifier = await ethers.getContractFactory("MockZkTrieVerifier", deployer);
@@ -282,17 +209,6 @@ describe("ZkTrieVerifier", async () => {
    await verifier.deployed();
  });

-  const shouldRevert = async (test: ITestConfig, reason: string, extra?: string) => {
-    const proof = concat([
-      `0x${test.accountProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
-      ...test.accountProof,
-      `0x${test.storageProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
-      ...test.storageProof,
-      extra || "0x",
-    ]);
-    await expect(verifier.verifyZkTrieProof(test.account, test.storage, proof)).to.revertedWith(reason);
-  };
-
  for (const test of testcases) {
    it(`should succeed for block[${test.block}] desc[${test.desc}] account[${test.account}] storage[${test.storage}]`, async () => {
      const proof = concat([
@@ -308,277 +224,193 @@ describe("ZkTrieVerifier", async () => {
    });
  }

-  it("should revert, when InvalidBranchNodeType", async () => {
+  it("should revert, when parent node invalid", async () => {
    const test = testcases[0];
-    for (const i of [0, 1, test.accountProof.length - 3]) {
-      const correct = test.accountProof[i];
-      const prefix = correct.slice(0, 4);
-      for (let b = 0; b < 16; ++b) {
-        if (b >= 6 && b < 10) continue;
-        test.accountProof[i] = test.accountProof[i].replace(prefix, "0x" + chars[b >> 4] + chars[b % 16]);
-        await shouldRevert(test, "InvalidBranchNodeType");
-        test.accountProof[i] = correct;
-      }
-    }
+    test.accountProof[0] =
+      "0x010a52b818e0a009930d62c17f2b1244179b7c14f8e1ae317fb3bfd3a3ba6060031b2a4aa2df31e79f926474987eea69aab84f4581cfd61b0338438110f6be145b";
+    const proof = concat([
+      `0x${test.accountProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.accountProof,
+      `0x${test.storageProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.storageProof,
+    ]);
+    await expect(verifier.verifyZkTrieProof(test.account, test.storage, proof)).revertedWith("Invalid parent node");

-    for (const i of [0, 1, test.storageProof.length - 3]) {
-      const correct = test.storageProof[i];
-      const prefix = correct.slice(0, 4);
-      for (let b = 0; b < 16; ++b) {
-        if (b >= 6 && b < 10) continue;
-        test.storageProof[i] = test.storageProof[i].replace(prefix, "0x" + chars[b >> 4] + chars[b % 16]);
-        await shouldRevert(test, "InvalidBranchNodeType");
-        test.storageProof[i] = correct;
-      }
-    }
+    test.accountProof[0] =
+      "0x000a52b818e0a009930d62c17f2b1244179b7c14f8e1ae317fb3bfd3a3ba6060031b2a4aa2df31e79f926474987eea69aab84f4581cfd61b0338438110f6be145b";
+    test.storageProof[0] =
+      "0x010a52b818e0a009930d62c17f2b1244179b7c14f8e1ae317fb3bfd3a3ba6060031b2a4aa2df31e79f926474987eea69aab84f4581cfd61b0338438110f6be145b";
+    await expect(verifier.verifyZkTrieProof(test.account, test.storage, proof)).revertedWith("Invalid parent node");
  });

-  it("should revert, when BranchHashMismatch", async () => {
+  it("should revert, when hash mismatch", async () => {
    const test = testcases[0];
-    for (const i of [1, 2, test.accountProof.length - 3]) {
-      const correct = test.accountProof[i];
-      for (const p of [40, 98]) {
-        const v = correct[p];
-        for (let b = 0; b < 3; ++b) {
-          if (v === chars[b]) continue;
-          test.accountProof[i] = correct.slice(0, p) + chars[b] + correct.slice(p + 1);
-          await shouldRevert(test, "BranchHashMismatch");
-          test.accountProof[i] = correct;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    for (const i of [1, 2, test.storageProof.length - 3]) {
-      const correct = test.storageProof[i];
-      for (const p of [40, 98]) {
-        const v = correct[p];
-        for (let b = 0; b < 3; ++b) {
-          if (v === chars[b]) continue;
-          test.storageProof[i] = correct.slice(0, p) + chars[b] + correct.slice(p + 1);
-          await shouldRevert(test, "BranchHashMismatch");
-          test.storageProof[i] = correct;
-        }
-      }
-    }
+    test.accountProof[1] =
+      "0x0028db7c407cab6652f1f194401bd87bda33c9a1723b4f93515bd5929cad02668123fa5a3e69136c8e03a62c805f89c9d3578a6f5fac4bb281fc4d7df12fbcc5dc";
+    const proof = concat([
+      `0x${test.accountProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.accountProof,
+      `0x${test.storageProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.storageProof,
+    ]);
+    await expect(verifier.verifyZkTrieProof(test.account, test.storage, proof)).revertedWith("Hash mismatch");
  });

-  it("should revert, when InvalidAccountLeafNodeType", async () => {
+  it("should revert, when invalid proof magic bytes", async () => {
    const test = testcases[0];
-    const index = test.accountProof.length - 2;
-    const correct = test.accountProof[index];
-    const prefix = correct.slice(0, 4);
-    for (let b = 0; b < 20; ++b) {
-      if (b === 4 || b === 5) continue;
-      test.accountProof[index] = test.accountProof[index].replace(prefix, "0x" + chars[b >> 4] + chars[b % 16]);
-      await shouldRevert(test, "InvalidAccountLeafNodeType");
-      test.accountProof[index] = correct;
-    }
+    test.accountProof[17] =
+      "0x5448495320495320534f4d45204d4147494320425954455320464f5220534d54206d3172525867503278704448";
+    const proof = concat([
+      `0x${test.accountProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.accountProof,
+      `0x${test.storageProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.storageProof,
+    ]);
+    await expect(verifier.verifyZkTrieProof(test.account, test.storage, proof)).revertedWith("Invalid ProofMagicBytes");
  });

-  it("should revert, when AccountKeyMismatch", async () => {
+  it("should revert, when invalid leaf node in account proof", async () => {
    const test = testcases[0];
-    const index = test.accountProof.length - 2;
-    const correct = test.accountProof[index];
-    for (const p of [4, 10]) {
-      const v = correct[p];
-      for (let b = 0; b < 3; ++b) {
-        if (v === chars[b]) continue;
-        test.accountProof[index] = correct.slice(0, p) + chars[b] + correct.slice(p + 1);
-        await shouldRevert(test, "AccountKeyMismatch");
-        test.accountProof[index] = correct;
-      }
-    }
+    // Invalid leaf node in account proof
+    test.accountProof[16] =
+      "0x000aef26efde9e4bca477d460482bce3de3577f6e9a280dea6d3f9985b4151deab0508000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000071d0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000013328350573dd32b38291529042b30b83bf20bfc7e18ab6a9755e2ea692d5a7644f896b0d629cf9740d72ccbc90dd6141deb3fab132f1ebc17ab963c612c7123d5a524d0158cc8291b081281272d79459760d885ea652024615d55b114b5872571b21aee99977b8681205300000000000000000000000000000000000004000000000000000000000000";
+    let proof = concat([
+      `0x${test.accountProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.accountProof,
+      `0x${test.storageProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.storageProof,
+    ]);
+    await expect(verifier.verifyZkTrieProof(test.account, test.storage, proof)).revertedWith("Invalid leaf node");
+
+    // Node key mismatch in account proof
+    test.accountProof[16] =
+      "0x010aef16efde9e4bca477d460482bce3de3577f6e9a280dea6d3f9985b4151deab0508000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000071d0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000013328350573dd32b38291529042b30b83bf20bfc7e18ab6a9755e2ea692d5a7644f896b0d629cf9740d72ccbc90dd6141deb3fab132f1ebc17ab963c612c7123d5a524d0158cc8291b081281272d79459760d885ea652024615d55b114b5872571b21aee99977b8681205300000000000000000000000000000000000004000000000000000000000000";
+    proof = concat([
+      `0x${test.accountProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.accountProof,
+      `0x${test.storageProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.storageProof,
+    ]);
+    await expect(verifier.verifyZkTrieProof(test.account, test.storage, proof)).revertedWith("Node key mismatch");
+
+    // Invalid leaf node hash in account proof
+    test.accountProof[16] =
+      "0x010aef26efde9e4bca477d460482bce3de3577f6e9a280dea6d3f9985b4151deab0508000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000071e0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000013328350573dd32b38291529042b30b83bf20bfc7e18ab6a9755e2ea692d5a7644f896b0d629cf9740d72ccbc90dd6141deb3fab132f1ebc17ab963c612c7123d5a524d0158cc8291b081281272d79459760d885ea652024615d55b114b5872571b21aee99977b8681205300000000000000000000000000000000000004000000000000000000000000";
+    proof = concat([
+      `0x${test.accountProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.accountProof,
+      `0x${test.storageProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.storageProof,
+    ]);
+    await expect(verifier.verifyZkTrieProof(test.account, test.storage, proof)).revertedWith("Invalid leaf node hash");
+
+    // Invalid KeyPreimage length in account proof
+    test.accountProof[16] =
+      "0x010aef26efde9e4bca477d460482bce3de3577f6e9a280dea6d3f9985b4151deab0508000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000071d0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000013328350573dd32b38291529042b30b83bf20bfc7e18ab6a9755e2ea692d5a7644f896b0d629cf9740d72ccbc90dd6141deb3fab132f1ebc17ab963c612c7123d5a524d0158cc8291b081281272d79459760d885ea652024615d55b114b5872571b21aee99977b8681215300000000000000000000000000000000000004000000000000000000000000";
+    proof = concat([
+      `0x${test.accountProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.accountProof,
+      `0x${test.storageProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.storageProof,
+    ]);
+    await expect(verifier.verifyZkTrieProof(test.account, test.storage, proof)).revertedWith(
+      "Invalid KeyPreimage length"
+    );
+
+    // Invalid KeyPreimage in account proof
+    test.accountProof[16] =
+      "0x010aef26efde9e4bca477d460482bce3de3577f6e9a280dea6d3f9985b4151deab0508000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000071d0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000013328350573dd32b38291529042b30b83bf20bfc7e18ab6a9755e2ea692d5a7644f896b0d629cf9740d72ccbc90dd6141deb3fab132f1ebc17ab963c612c7123d5a524d0158cc8291b081281272d79459760d885ea652024615d55b114b5872571b21aee99977b8681205300000000000000000000000000000000000003000000000000000000000000";
+    proof = concat([
+      `0x${test.accountProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.accountProof,
+      `0x${test.storageProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.storageProof,
+    ]);
+    await expect(verifier.verifyZkTrieProof(test.account, test.storage, proof)).revertedWith("Invalid KeyPreimage");
  });

-  it("should revert, when InvalidAccountCompressedFlag", async () => {
+  it("should revert, when storage root mismatch", async () => {
    const test = testcases[0];
-    const index = test.accountProof.length - 2;
-    const correct = test.accountProof[index];
-    for (const replaced of ["01080000", "05010000"]) {
-      test.accountProof[index] = test.accountProof[index].replace("05080000", replaced);
-      await shouldRevert(test, "InvalidAccountCompressedFlag");
-      test.accountProof[index] = correct;
-    }
+    test.storageProof[0] =
+      "0x000a52b818e0a009930d62c17f2b1244179b7c14f8e1ae317fb3bfd3a3ba6060031b2a4aa2df31e79f926474987eea69aab84f4581cfd61b0338438110f6be145c";
+    const proof = concat([
+      `0x${test.accountProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.accountProof,
+      `0x${test.storageProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.storageProof,
+    ]);
+    await expect(verifier.verifyZkTrieProof(test.account, test.storage, proof)).revertedWith("Storage root mismatch");
  });

-  it("should revert, when InvalidAccountLeafNodeHash", async () => {
+  it("should revert, when invalid leaf node in storage proof", async () => {
    const test = testcases[0];
-    const index = test.accountProof.length - 2;
-    const correct = test.accountProof[index];
-    for (const p of [80, 112, 144, 176, 208]) {
-      const v = correct[p];
-      for (let b = 0; b < 3; ++b) {
-        if (v === chars[b]) continue;
-        test.accountProof[index] = correct.slice(0, p) + chars[b] + correct.slice(p + 1);
-        await shouldRevert(test, "InvalidAccountLeafNodeHash");
-        test.accountProof[index] = correct;
-      }
-    }
+    // Invalid leaf node in account proof
+    test.storageProof[15] =
+      "0x0026ae15b478408eb45ea8b6f61aad1345f2b6257efd1acc4a6024b26f664c98240101000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111346048bf18a14a209505174b0709a2a1997fe9797cb89648a93f17ce0096cbc1a6ed52b73170b96a";
+    let proof = concat([
+      `0x${test.accountProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.accountProof,
+      `0x${test.storageProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.storageProof,
+    ]);
+    await expect(verifier.verifyZkTrieProof(test.account, test.storage, proof)).revertedWith("Invalid leaf node");
+
+    // Node key mismatch in account proof
+    test.storageProof[15] =
+      "0x0136ae15b478408eb45ea8b6f61aad1345f2b6257efd1acc4a6024b26f664c98240101000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111346048bf18a14a209505174b0709a2a1997fe9797cb89648a93f17ce0096cbc1a6ed52b73170b96a";
+    proof = concat([
+      `0x${test.accountProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.accountProof,
+      `0x${test.storageProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.storageProof,
+    ]);
+    await expect(verifier.verifyZkTrieProof(test.account, test.storage, proof)).revertedWith("Node key mismatch");
+
+    // Invalid leaf node hash in account proof
+    test.storageProof[15] =
+      "0x0126ae15b478408eb45ea8b6f61aad1345f2b6257efd1acc4a6024b26f664c98240101000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111446048bf18a14a209505174b0709a2a1997fe9797cb89648a93f17ce0096cbc1a6ed52b73170b96a";
+    proof = concat([
+      `0x${test.accountProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.accountProof,
+      `0x${test.storageProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.storageProof,
+    ]);
+    await expect(verifier.verifyZkTrieProof(test.account, test.storage, proof)).revertedWith("Invalid leaf node hash");
+
+    // Invalid KeyPreimage length in account proof
+    test.storageProof[15] =
+      "0x0126ae15b478408eb45ea8b6f61aad1345f2b6257efd1acc4a6024b26f664c98240101000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111346048bf18a14a219505174b0709a2a1997fe9797cb89648a93f17ce0096cbc1a6ed52b73170b96a";
+    proof = concat([
+      `0x${test.accountProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.accountProof,
+      `0x${test.storageProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.storageProof,
+    ]);
+    await expect(verifier.verifyZkTrieProof(test.account, test.storage, proof)).revertedWith(
+      "Invalid KeyPreimage length"
+    );
+
+    // Invalid KeyPreimage in account proof
+    test.storageProof[15] =
+      "0x0126ae15b478408eb45ea8b6f61aad1345f2b6257efd1acc4a6024b26f664c98240101000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111346048bf18a14a209505174b0709a2a1997fe9797cb89648a93f17ce0096cbc1a6ed52b73170b97a";
+    proof = concat([
+      `0x${test.accountProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.accountProof,
+      `0x${test.storageProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.storageProof,
+    ]);
+    await expect(verifier.verifyZkTrieProof(test.account, test.storage, proof)).revertedWith("Invalid KeyPreimage");
  });

-  it("should revert, when InvalidAccountKeyPreimageLength", async () => {
+  it("should revert, when proof length mismatch", async () => {
    const test = testcases[0];
-    const index = test.accountProof.length - 2;
-    const correct = test.accountProof[index];
-    for (const p of [396, 397]) {
-      const v = correct[p];
-      for (let b = 0; b < 3; ++b) {
-        if (v === chars[b]) continue;
-        test.accountProof[index] = correct.slice(0, p) + chars[b] + correct.slice(p + 1);
-        await shouldRevert(test, "InvalidAccountKeyPreimageLength");
-        test.accountProof[index] = correct;
-      }
-    }
-  });
-
-  it("should revert, when InvalidAccountKeyPreimage", async () => {
-    const test = testcases[0];
-    const index = test.accountProof.length - 2;
-    const correct = test.accountProof[index];
-    for (const p of [398, 438]) {
-      const v = correct[p];
-      for (let b = 0; b < 3; ++b) {
-        if (v === chars[b]) continue;
-        test.accountProof[index] = correct.slice(0, p) + chars[b] + correct.slice(p + 1);
-        await shouldRevert(test, "InvalidAccountKeyPreimage");
-        test.accountProof[index] = correct;
-      }
-    }
-  });
-
-  it("should revert, when InvalidProofMagicBytes", async () => {
-    const test = testcases[0];
-    let index = test.accountProof.length - 1;
-    let correct = test.accountProof[index];
-    for (const p of [2, 32, 91]) {
-      const v = correct[p];
-      for (let b = 0; b < 3; ++b) {
-        if (v === chars[b]) continue;
-        test.accountProof[index] = correct.slice(0, p) + chars[b] + correct.slice(p + 1);
-        await shouldRevert(test, "InvalidProofMagicBytes");
-        test.accountProof[index] = correct;
-      }
-    }
-
-    index = test.storageProof.length - 1;
-    correct = test.storageProof[index];
-    for (const p of [2, 32, 91]) {
-      const v = correct[p];
-      for (let b = 0; b < 3; ++b) {
-        if (v === chars[b]) continue;
-        test.storageProof[index] = correct.slice(0, p) + chars[b] + correct.slice(p + 1);
-        await shouldRevert(test, "InvalidProofMagicBytes");
-        test.storageProof[index] = correct;
-      }
-    }
-  });
-
-  it("should revert, when InvalidAccountLeafNodeHash", async () => {
-    const test = testcases[0];
-    const correct = test.storageProof.slice();
-    test.storageProof = [
-      "0x05",
-      "0x5448495320495320534f4d45204d4147494320425954455320464f5220534d54206d3172525867503278704449",
-    ];
-    await shouldRevert(test, "InvalidAccountLeafNodeHash");
-    test.storageProof = correct;
-  });
-
-  it("should revert, when InvalidStorageLeafNodeType", async () => {
-    const test = testcases[0];
-    const index = test.storageProof.length - 2;
-    const correct = test.storageProof[index];
-    const prefix = correct.slice(0, 4);
-    for (let b = 0; b < 20; ++b) {
-      if (b === 4 || b === 5) continue;
-      test.storageProof[index] = test.storageProof[index].replace(prefix, "0x" + chars[b >> 4] + chars[b % 16]);
-      await shouldRevert(test, "InvalidStorageLeafNodeType");
-      test.storageProof[index] = correct;
-    }
-  });
-
-  it("should revert, when StorageKeyMismatch", async () => {
-    const test = testcases[0];
-    const index = test.storageProof.length - 2;
-    const correct = test.storageProof[index];
-    for (const p of [4, 10]) {
-      const v = correct[p];
-      for (let b = 0; b < 3; ++b) {
-        if (v === chars[b]) continue;
-        test.storageProof[index] = correct.slice(0, p) + chars[b] + correct.slice(p + 1);
-        await shouldRevert(test, "StorageKeyMismatch");
-        test.storageProof[index] = correct;
-      }
-    }
-  });
-
-  it("should revert, when InvalidStorageCompressedFlag", async () => {
-    const test = testcases[0];
-    const index = test.storageProof.length - 2;
-    const correct = test.storageProof[index];
-    for (const replaced of ["00010000", "01000000"]) {
-      test.storageProof[index] = test.storageProof[index].replace("01010000", replaced);
-      await shouldRevert(test, "InvalidStorageCompressedFlag");
-      test.storageProof[index] = correct;
-    }
-  });
-
-  it("should revert, when InvalidStorageLeafNodeHash", async () => {
-    const test = testcases[0];
-    const index = test.storageProof.length - 2;
-    const correct = test.storageProof[index];
-    for (const p of [100, 132]) {
-      const v = correct[p];
-      for (let b = 0; b < 3; ++b) {
-        if (v === chars[b]) continue;
-        test.storageProof[index] = correct.slice(0, p) + chars[b] + correct.slice(p + 1);
-        await shouldRevert(test, "InvalidStorageLeafNodeHash");
-        test.storageProof[index] = correct;
-      }
-    }
-  });
-
-  it("should revert, when InvalidStorageKeyPreimageLength", async () => {
-    const test = testcases[0];
-    const index = test.storageProof.length - 2;
-    const correct = test.storageProof[index];
-    for (const p of [140, 141]) {
-      const v = correct[p];
-      for (let b = 0; b < 3; ++b) {
-        if (v === chars[b]) continue;
-        test.storageProof[index] = correct.slice(0, p) + chars[b] + correct.slice(p + 1);
-        await shouldRevert(test, "InvalidStorageKeyPreimageLength");
-        test.storageProof[index] = correct;
-      }
-    }
-  });
-
-  it("should revert, when InvalidStorageKeyPreimage", async () => {
-    const test = testcases[0];
-    const index = test.storageProof.length - 2;
-    const correct = test.storageProof[index];
-    for (const p of [142, 205]) {
-      const v = correct[p];
-      for (let b = 0; b < 3; ++b) {
-        if (v === chars[b]) continue;
-        test.storageProof[index] = correct.slice(0, p) + chars[b] + correct.slice(p + 1);
-        await shouldRevert(test, "InvalidStorageKeyPreimage");
-        test.storageProof[index] = correct;
-      }
-    }
-  });
-
-  it("should revert, when InvalidStorageEmptyLeafNodeHash", async () => {
-    const test = testcases[0];
-    const index = test.storageProof.length - 2;
-    const correct = test.storageProof[index];
-    test.storageProof[index] = "0x05";
-    await shouldRevert(test, "InvalidStorageEmptyLeafNodeHash");
-    test.storageProof[index] = correct;
-  });
-
-  it("should revert, when ProofLengthMismatch", async () => {
-    const test = testcases[0];
-    await shouldRevert(test, "ProofLengthMismatch", "0x0000");
+    const proof = concat([
+      `0x${test.accountProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.accountProof,
+      `0x${test.storageProof.length.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")}`,
+      ...test.storageProof,
+      "0x00",
+    ]);
+    await expect(verifier.verifyZkTrieProof(test.account, test.storage, proof)).revertedWith("Proof length mismatch");
  });
 });
--- a/contracts/integration-test/testdata/poseidon_hash_with_domain.data
+++ b/contracts/integration-test/testdata/poseidon_hash_with_domain.data
--- a/contracts/scripts/ScrollChainCommitmentVerifier.deploy.ts
+++ b/contracts/scripts/ScrollChainCommitmentVerifier.deploy.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import * as dotenv from "dotenv";

 import { ethers } from "hardhat";
-import { generateABI, createCode } from "../scripts/poseidon";
+import poseidonUnit from "circomlib/src/poseidon_gencontract";

 dotenv.config();

@@ -15,7 +15,11 @@ async function main() {
  let PoseidonUnit2Address = process.env.POSEIDON_UNIT2_ADDR;

  if (!PoseidonUnit2Address) {
-    const Poseidon2Elements = new ethers.ContractFactory(generateABI(2), createCode(2), deployer);
+    const Poseidon2Elements = new ethers.ContractFactory(
+      poseidonUnit.generateABI(2),
+      poseidonUnit.createCode(2),
+      deployer
+    );

    const poseidon = await Poseidon2Elements.deploy();
    console.log("Deploy PoseidonUnit2 contract, hash:", poseidon.deployTransaction.hash);
@@ -24,9 +28,7 @@ async function main() {
    PoseidonUnit2Address = poseidon.address;
  }

-  const verifier = await ScrollChainCommitmentVerifier.deploy(PoseidonUnit2Address, L1ScrollChainAddress, {
-    gasPrice: 1e9,
-  });
+  const verifier = await ScrollChainCommitmentVerifier.deploy(PoseidonUnit2Address, L1ScrollChainAddress);
  console.log("Deploy ScrollChainCommitmentVerifier contract, hash:", verifier.deployTransaction.hash);
  const receipt = await verifier.deployTransaction.wait();
  console.log(`✅ Deploy ScrollChainCommitmentVerifier contract at: ${verifier.address}, gas used: ${receipt.gasUsed}`);
--- a/contracts/scripts/foundry/DeployL2BridgeContracts.s.sol
+++ b/contracts/scripts/foundry/DeployL2BridgeContracts.s.sol
@@ -31,8 +31,6 @@ import {ScrollStandardERC20Factory} from "../../src/libraries/token/ScrollStanda
 contract DeployL2BridgeContracts is Script {
    uint256 L2_DEPLOYER_PRIVATE_KEY = vm.envUint("L2_DEPLOYER_PRIVATE_KEY");

-    address L2_PROXY_ADMIN_ADDR = vm.envAddress("L2_PROXY_ADMIN_ADDR");
-
    address L1_TX_FEE_RECIPIENT_ADDR = vm.envAddress("L1_TX_FEE_RECIPIENT_ADDR");
    address L1_WETH_ADDR = vm.envAddress("L1_WETH_ADDR");
    address L2_WETH_ADDR = vm.envAddress("L2_WETH_ADDR");
@@ -60,8 +58,6 @@ contract DeployL2BridgeContracts is Script {
    address L2_WHITELIST_PREDEPLOY_ADDR = vm.envOr("L2_WHITELIST_PREDEPLOY_ADDR", address(0));

    function run() external {
-        proxyAdmin = ProxyAdmin(L2_PROXY_ADMIN_ADDR);
-
        vm.startBroadcast(L2_DEPLOYER_PRIVATE_KEY);

        // predeploys
@@ -71,6 +67,7 @@ contract DeployL2BridgeContracts is Script {
        deployL2Whitelist();

        // upgradable
+        deployProxyAdmin();
        deployL2ScrollMessenger();
        deployL2GatewayRouter();
        deployScrollStandardERC20Factory();
@@ -134,6 +131,12 @@ contract DeployL2BridgeContracts is Script {
        logAddress("L2_WHITELIST_ADDR", address(whitelist));
    }

+    function deployProxyAdmin() internal {
+        proxyAdmin = new ProxyAdmin();
+
+        logAddress("L2_PROXY_ADMIN_ADDR", address(proxyAdmin));
+    }
+
    function deployL2ScrollMessenger() internal {
        L2ScrollMessenger impl = new L2ScrollMessenger(L1_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR, address(queue));

--- a/contracts/scripts/foundry/InitializeL1BridgeContracts.s.sol
+++ b/contracts/scripts/foundry/InitializeL1BridgeContracts.s.sol
@@ -78,21 +78,15 @@ contract InitializeL1BridgeContracts is Script {

        vm.startBroadcast(L1_DEPLOYER_PRIVATE_KEY);

-        // note: we use call upgrade(...) and initialize(...) instead of upgradeAndCall(...),
-        // otherwise the contract owner would become ProxyAdmin.
-
        // initialize ScrollChain
-        proxyAdmin.upgrade(
+        proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
            ITransparentUpgradeableProxy(L1_SCROLL_CHAIN_PROXY_ADDR),
-            L1_SCROLL_CHAIN_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR
+            L1_SCROLL_CHAIN_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR,
+            abi.encodeCall(
+                ScrollChain.initialize,
+                (L1_MESSAGE_QUEUE_PROXY_ADDR, L1_MULTIPLE_VERSION_ROLLUP_VERIFIER_ADDR, MAX_TX_IN_CHUNK)
+            )
        );
-
-        ScrollChain(L1_SCROLL_CHAIN_PROXY_ADDR).initialize(
-            L1_MESSAGE_QUEUE_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L1_MULTIPLE_VERSION_ROLLUP_VERIFIER_ADDR,
-            MAX_TX_IN_CHUNK
-        );
-
        ScrollChain(L1_SCROLL_CHAIN_PROXY_ADDR).addSequencer(L1_COMMIT_SENDER_ADDRESS);
        ScrollChain(L1_SCROLL_CHAIN_PROXY_ADDR).addProver(L1_FINALIZE_SENDER_ADDRESS);

@@ -109,32 +103,35 @@ contract InitializeL1BridgeContracts is Script {
        L2GasPriceOracle(L2_GAS_PRICE_ORACLE_PROXY_ADDR).updateWhitelist(L1_WHITELIST_ADDR);

        // initialize L1MessageQueueWithGasPriceOracle
-        proxyAdmin.upgrade(
+        proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
            ITransparentUpgradeableProxy(L1_MESSAGE_QUEUE_PROXY_ADDR),
-            L1_MESSAGE_QUEUE_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR
+            L1_MESSAGE_QUEUE_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR,
+            abi.encodeCall(
+                L1MessageQueue.initialize,
+                (
+                    L1_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR,
+                    L1_SCROLL_CHAIN_PROXY_ADDR,
+                    L1_ENFORCED_TX_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR,
+                    L2_GAS_PRICE_ORACLE_PROXY_ADDR,
+                    MAX_L1_MESSAGE_GAS_LIMIT
+                )
+            )
        );
-
-        L1MessageQueueWithGasPriceOracle(L1_MESSAGE_QUEUE_PROXY_ADDR).initialize(
-            L1_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L1_SCROLL_CHAIN_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L1_ENFORCED_TX_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L2_GAS_PRICE_ORACLE_PROXY_ADDR,
-            MAX_L1_MESSAGE_GAS_LIMIT
-        );
-
        L1MessageQueueWithGasPriceOracle(L1_MESSAGE_QUEUE_PROXY_ADDR).initializeV2();

        // initialize L1ScrollMessenger
-        proxyAdmin.upgrade(
+        proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
            ITransparentUpgradeableProxy(L1_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR),
-            L1_SCROLL_MESSENGER_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR
-        );
-
-        L1ScrollMessenger(payable(L1_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR)).initialize(
-            L2_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L1_FEE_VAULT_ADDR,
-            L1_SCROLL_CHAIN_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L1_MESSAGE_QUEUE_PROXY_ADDR
+            L1_SCROLL_MESSENGER_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR,
+            abi.encodeCall(
+                L1ScrollMessenger.initialize,
+                (
+                    L2_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR,
+                    L1_FEE_VAULT_ADDR,
+                    L1_SCROLL_CHAIN_PROXY_ADDR,
+                    L1_MESSAGE_QUEUE_PROXY_ADDR
+                )
+            )
        );

        // initialize EnforcedTxGateway
@@ -150,72 +147,63 @@ contract InitializeL1BridgeContracts is Script {
        );

        // initialize L1CustomERC20Gateway
-        proxyAdmin.upgrade(
+        proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
            ITransparentUpgradeableProxy(L1_CUSTOM_ERC20_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR),
-            L1_CUSTOM_ERC20_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR
-        );
-
-        L1CustomERC20Gateway(L1_CUSTOM_ERC20_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR).initialize(
-            L2_CUSTOM_ERC20_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L1_GATEWAY_ROUTER_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L1_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR
+            L1_CUSTOM_ERC20_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR,
+            abi.encodeCall(
+                L1CustomERC20Gateway.initialize,
+                (L2_CUSTOM_ERC20_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR, L1_GATEWAY_ROUTER_PROXY_ADDR, L1_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR)
+            )
        );

        // initialize L1ERC1155Gateway
-        proxyAdmin.upgrade(
+        proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
            ITransparentUpgradeableProxy(L1_ERC1155_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR),
-            L1_ERC1155_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR
-        );
-
-        L1ERC1155Gateway(L1_ERC1155_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR).initialize(
-            L2_ERC1155_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L1_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR
+            L1_ERC1155_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR,
+            abi.encodeCall(L1ERC1155Gateway.initialize, (L2_ERC1155_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR, L1_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR))
        );

        // initialize L1ERC721Gateway
-        proxyAdmin.upgrade(
+        proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
            ITransparentUpgradeableProxy(L1_ERC721_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR),
-            L1_ERC721_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR
-        );
-
-        L1ERC721Gateway(L1_ERC721_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR).initialize(
-            L2_ERC721_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L1_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR
+            L1_ERC721_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR,
+            abi.encodeCall(L1ERC721Gateway.initialize, (L2_ERC721_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR, L1_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR))
        );

        // initialize L1ETHGateway
-        proxyAdmin.upgrade(ITransparentUpgradeableProxy(L1_ETH_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR), L1_ETH_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR);
-
-        L1ETHGateway(L1_ETH_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR).initialize(
-            L2_ETH_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L1_GATEWAY_ROUTER_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L1_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR
+        proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
+            ITransparentUpgradeableProxy(L1_ETH_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR),
+            L1_ETH_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR,
+            abi.encodeCall(
+                L1ETHGateway.initialize,
+                (L2_ETH_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR, L1_GATEWAY_ROUTER_PROXY_ADDR, L1_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR)
+            )
        );

        // initialize L1StandardERC20Gateway
-        proxyAdmin.upgrade(
+        proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
            ITransparentUpgradeableProxy(L1_STANDARD_ERC20_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR),
-            L1_STANDARD_ERC20_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR
-        );
-
-        L1StandardERC20Gateway(L1_STANDARD_ERC20_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR).initialize(
-            L2_STANDARD_ERC20_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L1_GATEWAY_ROUTER_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L1_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L2_SCROLL_STANDARD_ERC20_ADDR,
-            L2_SCROLL_STANDARD_ERC20_FACTORY_ADDR
+            L1_STANDARD_ERC20_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR,
+            abi.encodeCall(
+                L1StandardERC20Gateway.initialize,
+                (
+                    L2_STANDARD_ERC20_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR,
+                    L1_GATEWAY_ROUTER_PROXY_ADDR,
+                    L1_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR,
+                    L2_SCROLL_STANDARD_ERC20_ADDR,
+                    L2_SCROLL_STANDARD_ERC20_FACTORY_ADDR
+                )
+            )
        );

        // initialize L1WETHGateway
-        proxyAdmin.upgrade(
+        proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
            ITransparentUpgradeableProxy(L1_WETH_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR),
-            L1_WETH_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR
-        );
-
-        L1WETHGateway(payable(L1_WETH_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR)).initialize(
-            L2_WETH_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L1_GATEWAY_ROUTER_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L1_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR
+            L1_WETH_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR,
+            abi.encodeCall(
+                L1WETHGateway.initialize,
+                (L2_WETH_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR, L1_GATEWAY_ROUTER_PROXY_ADDR, L1_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR)
+            )
        );

        // set WETH gateway in router
--- a/contracts/scripts/foundry/InitializeL2BridgeContracts.s.sol
+++ b/contracts/scripts/foundry/InitializeL2BridgeContracts.s.sol
@@ -67,9 +67,6 @@ contract InitializeL2BridgeContracts is Script {

        vm.startBroadcast(deployerPrivateKey);

-        // note: we use call upgrade(...) and initialize(...) instead of upgradeAndCall(...),
-        // otherwise the contract owner would become ProxyAdmin.
-
        // initialize L2MessageQueue
        L2MessageQueue(L2_MESSAGE_QUEUE_ADDR).initialize(L2_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR);

@@ -80,13 +77,12 @@ contract InitializeL2BridgeContracts is Script {
        L1GasPriceOracle(L1_GAS_PRICE_ORACLE_ADDR).updateWhitelist(L2_WHITELIST_ADDR);

        // initialize L2ScrollMessenger
-        proxyAdmin.upgrade(
+        proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
            ITransparentUpgradeableProxy(L2_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR),
-            L2_SCROLL_MESSENGER_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR
+            L2_SCROLL_MESSENGER_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR,
+            abi.encodeCall(L2ScrollMessenger.initialize, (L1_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR))
        );

-        L2ScrollMessenger(payable(L2_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR)).initialize(L1_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR);
-
        // initialize L2GatewayRouter
        L2GatewayRouter(L2_GATEWAY_ROUTER_PROXY_ADDR).initialize(
            L2_ETH_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR,
@@ -94,71 +90,62 @@ contract InitializeL2BridgeContracts is Script {
        );

        // initialize L2CustomERC20Gateway
-        proxyAdmin.upgrade(
+        proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
            ITransparentUpgradeableProxy(L2_CUSTOM_ERC20_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR),
-            L2_CUSTOM_ERC20_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR
-        );
-
-        L2CustomERC20Gateway(L2_CUSTOM_ERC20_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR).initialize(
-            L1_CUSTOM_ERC20_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L2_GATEWAY_ROUTER_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L2_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR
+            L2_CUSTOM_ERC20_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR,
+            abi.encodeCall(
+                L2CustomERC20Gateway.initialize,
+                (L1_CUSTOM_ERC20_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR, L2_GATEWAY_ROUTER_PROXY_ADDR, L2_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR)
+            )
        );

        // initialize L2ERC1155Gateway
-        proxyAdmin.upgrade(
+        proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
            ITransparentUpgradeableProxy(L2_ERC1155_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR),
-            L2_ERC1155_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR
-        );
-
-        L2ERC1155Gateway(L2_ERC1155_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR).initialize(
-            L1_ERC1155_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L2_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR
+            L2_ERC1155_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR,
+            abi.encodeCall(L2ERC1155Gateway.initialize, (L1_ERC1155_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR, L2_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR))
        );

        // initialize L2ERC721Gateway
-        proxyAdmin.upgrade(
+        proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
            ITransparentUpgradeableProxy(L2_ERC721_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR),
-            L2_ERC721_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR
-        );
-
-        L2ERC721Gateway(L2_ERC721_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR).initialize(
-            L1_ERC721_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L2_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR
+            L2_ERC721_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR,
+            abi.encodeCall(L2ERC721Gateway.initialize, (L1_ERC721_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR, L2_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR))
        );

        // initialize L2ETHGateway
-        proxyAdmin.upgrade(ITransparentUpgradeableProxy(L2_ETH_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR), L2_ETH_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR);
-
-        L2ETHGateway(L2_ETH_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR).initialize(
-            L1_ETH_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L2_GATEWAY_ROUTER_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L2_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR
+        proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
+            ITransparentUpgradeableProxy(L2_ETH_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR),
+            L2_ETH_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR,
+            abi.encodeCall(
+                L2ETHGateway.initialize,
+                (L1_ETH_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR, L2_GATEWAY_ROUTER_PROXY_ADDR, L2_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR)
+            )
        );

        // initialize L2StandardERC20Gateway
-        proxyAdmin.upgrade(
+        proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
            ITransparentUpgradeableProxy(L2_STANDARD_ERC20_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR),
-            L2_STANDARD_ERC20_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR
-        );
-
-        L2StandardERC20Gateway(L2_STANDARD_ERC20_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR).initialize(
-            L1_STANDARD_ERC20_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L2_GATEWAY_ROUTER_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L2_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L2_SCROLL_STANDARD_ERC20_FACTORY_ADDR
+            L2_STANDARD_ERC20_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR,
+            abi.encodeCall(
+                L2StandardERC20Gateway.initialize,
+                (
+                    L1_STANDARD_ERC20_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR,
+                    L2_GATEWAY_ROUTER_PROXY_ADDR,
+                    L2_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR,
+                    L2_SCROLL_STANDARD_ERC20_FACTORY_ADDR
+                )
+            )
        );

        // initialize L2WETHGateway
-        proxyAdmin.upgrade(
+        proxyAdmin.upgradeAndCall(
            ITransparentUpgradeableProxy(L2_WETH_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR),
-            L2_WETH_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR
-        );
-
-        L2WETHGateway(payable(L2_WETH_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR)).initialize(
-            L1_WETH_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L2_GATEWAY_ROUTER_PROXY_ADDR,
-            L2_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR
+            L2_WETH_GATEWAY_IMPLEMENTATION_ADDR,
+            abi.encodeCall(
+                L2WETHGateway.initialize,
+                (L1_WETH_GATEWAY_PROXY_ADDR, L2_GATEWAY_ROUTER_PROXY_ADDR, L2_SCROLL_MESSENGER_PROXY_ADDR)
+            )
        );

        // set WETH gateway in router
--- a/contracts/scripts/poseidon.ts
+++ b/contracts/scripts/poseidon.ts
@@ -1,202 +0,0 @@
-/* eslint-disable node/no-missing-import */
-import { ethers } from "ethers";
-
-import Contract from "circomlib/src/evmasm";
-import * as constants from "circomlib/src/poseidon_constants";
-
-const N_ROUNDS_F = 8;
-const N_ROUNDS_P = [56, 57, 56, 60, 60, 63, 64, 63];
-
-export function createCode(nInputs: number) {
-  if (nInputs < 1 || nInputs > 8) throw new Error("Invalid number of inputs. Must be 1<=nInputs<=8");
-  const t = nInputs + 1;
-  const nRoundsF = N_ROUNDS_F;
-  const nRoundsP = N_ROUNDS_P[t - 2];
-
-  const C = new Contract();
-
-  function saveM() {
-    for (let i = 0; i < t; i++) {
-      for (let j = 0; j < t; j++) {
-        C.push(constants.M[t - 2][i][j]);
-        C.push((1 + i * t + j) * 32);
-        C.mstore();
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  function ark(r: number) {
-    // st, q
-    for (let i = 0; i < t; i++) {
-      C.dup(t); // q, st, q
-      C.push(constants.C[t - 2][r * t + i]); // K, q, st, q
-      C.dup(2 + i); // st[i], K, q, st, q
-      C.addmod(); // newSt[i], st, q
-      C.swap(1 + i); // xx, st, q
-      C.pop();
-    }
-  }
-
-  function sigma(p: number) {
-    // sq, q
-    C.dup(t); // q, st, q
-    C.dup(1 + p); // st[p] , q , st, q
-    C.dup(1); // q, st[p] , q , st, q
-    C.dup(0); // q, q, st[p] , q , st, q
-    C.dup(2); // st[p] , q, q, st[p] , q , st, q
-    C.dup(0); // st[p] , st[p] , q, q, st[p] , q , st, q
-    C.mulmod(); // st2[p], q, st[p] , q , st, q
-    C.dup(0); // st2[p], st2[p], q, st[p] , q , st, q
-    C.mulmod(); // st4[p], st[p] , q , st, q
-    C.mulmod(); // st5[p], st, q
-    C.swap(1 + p);
-    C.pop(); // newst, q
-  }
-
-  function mix() {
-    C.label("mix");
-    for (let i = 0; i < t; i++) {
-      for (let j = 0; j < t; j++) {
-        if (j === 0) {
-          C.dup(i + t); // q, newSt, oldSt, q
-          C.push((1 + i * t + j) * 32);
-          C.mload(); // M, q, newSt, oldSt, q
-          C.dup(2 + i + j); // oldSt[j], M, q, newSt, oldSt, q
-          C.mulmod(); // acc, newSt, oldSt, q
-        } else {
-          C.dup(1 + i + t); // q, acc, newSt, oldSt, q
-          C.push((1 + i * t + j) * 32);
-          C.mload(); // M, q, acc, newSt, oldSt, q
-          C.dup(3 + i + j); // oldSt[j], M, q, acc, newSt, oldSt, q
-          C.mulmod(); // aux, acc, newSt, oldSt, q
-          C.dup(2 + i + t); // q, aux, acc, newSt, oldSt, q
-          C.swap(2); // acc, aux, q, newSt, oldSt, q
-          C.addmod(); // acc, newSt, oldSt, q
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    for (let i = 0; i < t; i++) {
-      C.swap(t - i + (t - i - 1));
-      C.pop();
-    }
-    C.push(0);
-    C.mload();
-    C.jmp();
-  }
-
-  // Check selector
-  C.push("0x0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000");
-  C.push(0);
-  C.calldataload();
-  C.div();
-  C.dup(0);
-  C.push(ethers.utils.keccak256(ethers.utils.toUtf8Bytes(`poseidon(uint256[${nInputs}],uint256)`)).slice(0, 10)); // poseidon(uint256[n],uint256)
-  C.eq();
-  C.swap(1);
-  C.push(ethers.utils.keccak256(ethers.utils.toUtf8Bytes(`poseidon(bytes32[${nInputs}],bytes32)`)).slice(0, 10)); // poseidon(bytes32[n],bytes32)
-  C.eq();
-  C.or();
-  C.jmpi("start");
-  C.invalid();
-
-  C.label("start");
-
-  saveM();
-
-  C.push("0x30644e72e131a029b85045b68181585d2833e84879b9709143e1f593f0000001"); // q
-
-  // Load t values from the call data.
-  // The function has a single array param param
-  // [Selector (4)] [item1 (32)] [item2 (32)] .... [doman (32)]
-  // Stack positions 0-nInputs.
-  for (let i = 0; i < nInputs; i++) {
-    C.push(0x04 + 0x20 * (nInputs - i - 1));
-    C.calldataload();
-  }
-  C.push(0x04 + 0x20 * nInputs);
-  C.calldataload();
-
-  for (let i = 0; i < nRoundsF + nRoundsP; i++) {
-    ark(i);
-    if (i < nRoundsF / 2 || i >= nRoundsP + nRoundsF / 2) {
-      for (let j = 0; j < t; j++) {
-        sigma(j);
-      }
-    } else {
-      sigma(0);
-    }
-    const strLabel = "aferMix" + i;
-    C._pushLabel(strLabel);
-    C.push(0);
-    C.mstore();
-    C.jmp("mix");
-    C.label(strLabel);
-  }
-
-  C.push("0x00");
-  C.mstore(); // Save it to pos 0;
-  C.push("0x20");
-  C.push("0x00");
-  C.return();
-
-  mix();
-
-  return C.createTxData();
-}
-
-export function generateABI(nInputs: number) {
-  return [
-    {
-      constant: true,
-      inputs: [
-        {
-          internalType: `bytes32[${nInputs}]`,
-          name: "input",
-          type: `bytes32[${nInputs}]`,
-        },
-        {
-          internalType: "bytes32",
-          name: "domain",
-          type: "bytes32",
-        },
-      ],
-      name: "poseidon",
-      outputs: [
-        {
-          internalType: "bytes32",
-          name: "",
-          type: "bytes32",
-        },
-      ],
-      payable: false,
-      stateMutability: "pure",
-      type: "function",
-    },
-    {
-      constant: true,
-      inputs: [
-        {
-          internalType: `uint256[${nInputs}]`,
-          name: "input",
-          type: `uint256[${nInputs}]`,
-        },
-        {
-          internalType: "uint256",
-          name: "domain",
-          type: "uint256",
-        },
-      ],
-      name: "poseidon",
-      outputs: [
-        {
-          internalType: "uint256",
-          name: "",
-          type: "uint256",
-        },
-      ],
-      payable: false,
-      stateMutability: "pure",
-      type: "function",
-    },
-  ];
-}
--- a/contracts/src/L1/rollup/ScrollChainCommitmentVerifier.sol
+++ b/contracts/src/L1/rollup/ScrollChainCommitmentVerifier.sol
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@

 pragma solidity =0.8.16;

-import {IScrollChain} from "./IScrollChain.sol";
+import {ScrollChain} from "./ScrollChain.sol";
 import {ZkTrieVerifier} from "../../libraries/verifier/ZkTrieVerifier.sol";

 contract ScrollChainCommitmentVerifier {
@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ contract ScrollChainCommitmentVerifier {
        bytes32 storageKey,
        bytes calldata proof
    ) external view returns (bytes32 storageValue) {
-        require(IScrollChain(rollup).isBatchFinalized(batchIndex), "Batch not finalized");
+        require(ScrollChain(rollup).isBatchFinalized(batchIndex), "Batch not finalized");

        bytes32 computedStateRoot;
        (computedStateRoot, storageValue) = ZkTrieVerifier.verifyZkTrieProof(poseidon, account, storageKey, proof);
-        bytes32 expectedStateRoot = IScrollChain(rollup).finalizedStateRoots(batchIndex);
+        bytes32 expectedStateRoot = ScrollChain(rollup).finalizedStateRoots(batchIndex);
        require(computedStateRoot == expectedStateRoot, "Invalid inclusion proof");
    }
 }
--- a/contracts/src/libraries/verifier/ZkTrieVerifier.sol
+++ b/contracts/src/libraries/verifier/ZkTrieVerifier.sol
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@

 pragma solidity ^0.8.16;

-// solhint-disable no-inline-assembly
+interface PoseidonUnit2 {
+    function poseidon(uint256[2] memory) external view returns (uint256);
+}

 library ZkTrieVerifier {
    /// @notice Internal function to validates a proof from eth_getProof.
@@ -56,20 +58,19 @@ library ZkTrieVerifier {
                }
            }
            // compute poseidon hash of two uint256
-            function poseidon_hash(hasher, v0, v1, domain) -> r {
+            function poseidon_hash(hasher, v0, v1) -> r {
                let x := mload(0x40)
-                // keccack256("poseidon(uint256[2],uint256)")
-                mstore(x, 0xa717016c00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000)
+                // keccack256("poseidon(uint256[2])")
+                mstore(x, 0x29a5f2f600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000)
                mstore(add(x, 0x04), v0)
                mstore(add(x, 0x24), v1)
-                mstore(add(x, 0x44), domain)
-                let success := staticcall(gas(), hasher, x, 0x64, 0x20, 0x20)
+                let success := staticcall(gas(), hasher, x, 0x44, 0x20, 0x20)
                require(success, "poseidon hash failed")
                r := mload(0x20)
            }
            // compute poseidon hash of 1 uint256
            function hash_uint256(hasher, v) -> r {
-                r := poseidon_hash(hasher, shr(128, v), and(v, 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff), 512)
+                r := poseidon_hash(hasher, shr(128, v), and(v, 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff))
            }

            // traverses the tree from the root to the node before the leaf.
@@ -89,16 +90,15 @@ library ZkTrieVerifier {
                } {
                    // must be a parent node with two children
                    let nodeType := byte(0, calldataload(ptr))
-                    // 6 <= nodeType && nodeType < 10
-                    require(lt(sub(nodeType, 6), 4), "InvalidBranchNodeType")
                    ptr := add(ptr, 1)
+                    require(eq(nodeType, 0), "Invalid parent node")

                    // load left/right child hash
                    let childHashL := calldataload(ptr)
                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x20)
                    let childHashR := calldataload(ptr)
                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x20)
-                    let hash := poseidon_hash(hasher, childHashL, childHashR, nodeType)
+                    let hash := poseidon_hash(hasher, childHashL, childHashR)

                    // first item is considered the root node.
                    // Otherwise verifies that the hash of the current node
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ library ZkTrieVerifier {
                        rootHash := hash
                    }
                    default {
-                        require(eq(hash, expectedHash), "BranchHashMismatch")
+                        require(eq(hash, expectedHash), "Hash mismatch")
                    }

                    // decide which path to walk based on key
@@ -130,132 +130,129 @@ library ZkTrieVerifier {
                x := keccak256(x, 0x2d)
                require(
                    eq(x, 0x950654da67865a81bc70e45f3230f5179f08e29c66184bf746f71050f117b3b8),
-                    "InvalidProofMagicBytes"
+                    "Invalid ProofMagicBytes"
                )
                ptr := add(ptr, 0x2d) // skip ProofMagicBytes
            }

-            function verifyAccountProof(hasher, _account, _ptr) -> ptr, storageRootHash, _stateRoot {
-                ptr := _ptr
-
-                let leafHash
-                let key := hash_uint256(hasher, shl(96, _account))
-
-                // `stateRoot` is a return value and must be checked by the caller
-                ptr, _stateRoot, leafHash := walkTree(hasher, key, ptr)
-
-                switch byte(0, calldataload(ptr))
-                case 4 {
-                    // nonempty leaf node
-                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x01) // skip NodeType
-                    require(eq(calldataload(ptr), key), "AccountKeyMismatch")
-                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x20) // skip NodeKey
-                    require(eq(shr(224, calldataload(ptr)), 0x05080000), "InvalidAccountCompressedFlag")
-                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x04) // skip CompressedFlag
-
-                    // compute value hash for State Account Leaf Node, details can be found in
-                    // https://github.com/scroll-tech/mpt-circuit/blob/v0.7/spec/mpt-proof.md#account-segmenttypes
-                    // [nonce||codesize||0, balance, storage_root, keccak codehash, poseidon codehash]
-                    mstore(0x00, calldataload(ptr))
-                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x20) // skip nonce||codesize||0
-                    mstore(0x00, poseidon_hash(hasher, mload(0x00), calldataload(ptr), 1280))
-                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x20) // skip balance
-                    storageRootHash := calldataload(ptr)
-                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x20) // skip StorageRoot
-                    let tmpHash := hash_uint256(hasher, calldataload(ptr))
-                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x20) // skip KeccakCodeHash
-                    tmpHash := poseidon_hash(hasher, storageRootHash, tmpHash, 1280)
-                    tmpHash := poseidon_hash(hasher, mload(0x00), tmpHash, 1280)
-                    tmpHash := poseidon_hash(hasher, tmpHash, calldataload(ptr), 1280)
-                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x20) // skip PoseidonCodeHash
-
-                    tmpHash := poseidon_hash(hasher, key, tmpHash, 4)
-                    require(eq(leafHash, tmpHash), "InvalidAccountLeafNodeHash")
-
-                    require(eq(0x20, byte(0, calldataload(ptr))), "InvalidAccountKeyPreimageLength")
-                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x01) // skip KeyPreimage length
-                    require(eq(shl(96, _account), calldataload(ptr)), "InvalidAccountKeyPreimage")
-                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x20) // skip KeyPreimage
-                }
-                case 5 {
-                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x01) // skip NodeType
-                }
-                default {
-                    revertWith("InvalidAccountLeafNodeType")
-                }
-
-                // compare ProofMagicBytes
-                ptr := checkProofMagicBytes(hasher, ptr)
-            }
-
-            function verifyStorageProof(hasher, _storageKey, storageRootHash, _ptr) -> ptr, _storageValue {
-                ptr := _ptr
-
-                let leafHash
-                let key := hash_uint256(hasher, _storageKey)
-                let rootHash
-                ptr, rootHash, leafHash := walkTree(hasher, key, ptr)
-
-                // The root hash of the storage tree must match the value from the account leaf.
-                // But when the leaf node is the same as the root node, the function `walkTree` will return
-                // `rootHash=0` and `leafHash=0`. In such case, we don't need to check the value of `rootHash`.
-                // And the value of `leafHash` should be the same as `storageRootHash`.
-                switch rootHash
-                case 0 {
-                    leafHash := storageRootHash
-                }
-                default {
-                    require(eq(rootHash, storageRootHash), "StorageRootMismatch")
-                }
-
-                switch byte(0, calldataload(ptr))
-                case 4 {
-                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x01) // skip NodeType
-                    require(eq(calldataload(ptr), key), "StorageKeyMismatch")
-                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x20) // skip NodeKey
-                    require(eq(shr(224, calldataload(ptr)), 0x01010000), "InvalidStorageCompressedFlag")
-                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x04) // skip CompressedFlag
-                    _storageValue := calldataload(ptr)
-                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x20) // skip StorageValue
-
-                    // compute leaf node hash and compare, details can be found in
-                    // https://github.com/scroll-tech/mpt-circuit/blob/v0.7/spec/mpt-proof.md#storage-segmenttypes
-                    mstore(0x00, hash_uint256(hasher, _storageValue))
-                    mstore(0x00, poseidon_hash(hasher, key, mload(0x00), 4))
-                    require(eq(leafHash, mload(0x00)), "InvalidStorageLeafNodeHash")
-
-                    require(eq(0x20, byte(0, calldataload(ptr))), "InvalidStorageKeyPreimageLength")
-                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x01) // skip KeyPreimage length
-                    require(eq(_storageKey, calldataload(ptr)), "InvalidStorageKeyPreimage")
-                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x20) // skip KeyPreimage
-                }
-                case 5 {
-                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x01) // skip NodeType
-                    require(eq(leafHash, 0), "InvalidStorageEmptyLeafNodeHash")
-                }
-                default {
-                    revertWith("InvalidStorageLeafNodeType")
-                }
-
-                // compare ProofMagicBytes
-                ptr := checkProofMagicBytes(hasher, ptr)
-            }
-
-            let storageRootHash
+            // shared variable names
+            let storageHash
+            // starting point
            let ptr := proof.offset

-            // check the correctness of account proof
-            ptr, storageRootHash, stateRoot := verifyAccountProof(poseidon, account, ptr)
+            // verify account proof
+            {
+                let leafHash
+                let key := hash_uint256(poseidon, shl(96, account))

-            // check the correctness of storage proof
-            ptr, storageValue := verifyStorageProof(poseidon, storageKey, storageRootHash, ptr)
+                // `stateRoot` is a return value and must be checked by the caller
+                ptr, stateRoot, leafHash := walkTree(poseidon, key, ptr)
+
+                require(eq(1, byte(0, calldataload(ptr))), "Invalid leaf node")
+                ptr := add(ptr, 0x01) // skip NodeType
+                require(eq(calldataload(ptr), key), "Node key mismatch")
+                ptr := add(ptr, 0x20) // skip NodeKey
+                {
+                    let valuePreimageLength := and(shr(224, calldataload(ptr)), 0xffff)
+                    // @todo check CompressedFlag
+                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x04) // skip CompressedFlag
+                    ptr := add(ptr, valuePreimageLength) // skip ValuePreimage
+                }
+
+                // compute value hash for State Account Leaf Node
+                {
+                    let tmpHash1 := calldataload(ptr)
+                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x20) // skip nonce/codesize/0
+                    tmpHash1 := poseidon_hash(poseidon, tmpHash1, calldataload(ptr))
+                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x20) // skip balance
+                    storageHash := calldataload(ptr)
+                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x20) // skip StorageRoot
+                    let tmpHash2 := hash_uint256(poseidon, calldataload(ptr))
+                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x20) // skip KeccakCodeHash
+                    tmpHash2 := poseidon_hash(poseidon, storageHash, tmpHash2)
+                    tmpHash2 := poseidon_hash(poseidon, tmpHash1, tmpHash2)
+                    tmpHash2 := poseidon_hash(poseidon, tmpHash2, calldataload(ptr))
+                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x20) // skip PoseidonCodeHash
+
+                    tmpHash1 := poseidon_hash(poseidon, 1, key)
+                    tmpHash1 := poseidon_hash(poseidon, tmpHash1, tmpHash2)
+
+                    require(eq(leafHash, tmpHash1), "Invalid leaf node hash")
+                }
+
+                require(eq(0x20, byte(0, calldataload(ptr))), "Invalid KeyPreimage length")
+                ptr := add(ptr, 0x01) // skip KeyPreimage length
+                require(eq(shl(96, account), calldataload(ptr)), "Invalid KeyPreimage")
+                ptr := add(ptr, 0x20) // skip KeyPreimage
+
+                // compare ProofMagicBytes
+                ptr := checkProofMagicBytes(poseidon, ptr)
+            }
+
+            // verify storage proof
+            {
+                let leafHash
+                let key := hash_uint256(poseidon, storageKey)
+                {
+                    let rootHash
+                    ptr, rootHash, leafHash := walkTree(poseidon, key, ptr)
+
+                    switch rootHash
+                    case 0 {
+                        // in the case that the leaf is the only element, then
+                        // the hash of the leaf must match the value from the account leaf
+                        require(eq(leafHash, storageHash), "Storage root mismatch")
+                    }
+                    default {
+                        // otherwise the root hash of the storage tree
+                        // must match the value from the account leaf
+                        require(eq(rootHash, storageHash), "Storage root mismatch")
+                    }
+                }
+
+                switch byte(0, calldataload(ptr))
+                case 1 {
+                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x01) // skip NodeType
+                    require(eq(calldataload(ptr), key), "Node key mismatch")
+                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x20) // skip NodeKey
+                    {
+                        let valuePreimageLength := and(shr(224, calldataload(ptr)), 0xffff)
+                        // @todo check CompressedFlag
+                        ptr := add(ptr, 0x04) // skip CompressedFlag
+                        ptr := add(ptr, valuePreimageLength) // skip ValuePreimage
+                    }
+
+                    storageValue := calldataload(ptr)
+                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x20) // skip StorageValue
+
+                    mstore(0x00, hash_uint256(poseidon, storageValue))
+                    key := poseidon_hash(poseidon, 1, key)
+                    mstore(0x00, poseidon_hash(poseidon, key, mload(0x00)))
+                    require(eq(leafHash, mload(0x00)), "Invalid leaf node hash")
+
+                    require(eq(0x20, byte(0, calldataload(ptr))), "Invalid KeyPreimage length")
+                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x01) // skip KeyPreimage length
+                    require(eq(storageKey, calldataload(ptr)), "Invalid KeyPreimage")
+                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x20) // skip KeyPreimage
+                }
+                case 2 {
+                    ptr := add(ptr, 0x01) // skip NodeType
+                    require(eq(leafHash, 0), "Invalid empty node hash")
+                }
+                default {
+                    revertWith("Invalid leaf node")
+                }
+
+                // compare ProofMagicBytes
+                ptr := checkProofMagicBytes(poseidon, ptr)
+            }

            // the one and only boundary check
            // in case an attacker crafted a malicous payload
            // and succeeds in the prior verification steps
            // then this should catch any bogus accesses
            if iszero(eq(ptr, add(proof.offset, proof.length))) {
-                revertWith("ProofLengthMismatch")
+                revertWith("Proof length mismatch")
            }
        }
    }
--- a/rollup/cmd/mock_app.go
+++ b/rollup/cmd/mock_app.go
@@ -88,9 +88,9 @@ func (b *MockApp) MockConfig(store bool) error {
 	}

 	cfg.L1Config.Endpoint = base.L1gethImg.Endpoint()
-	cfg.L1Config.RelayerConfig.SenderConfig.Endpoint = base.L2gethImg.Endpoint()
-	cfg.L2Config.Endpoint = base.L2gethImg.Endpoint()
 	cfg.L2Config.RelayerConfig.SenderConfig.Endpoint = base.L1gethImg.Endpoint()
+	cfg.L2Config.Endpoint = base.L2gethImg.Endpoint()
+	cfg.L1Config.RelayerConfig.SenderConfig.Endpoint = base.L2gethImg.Endpoint()
 	cfg.DBConfig.DSN = base.DBImg.Endpoint()
 	b.Config = cfg

--- a/rollup/conf/config.json
+++ b/rollup/conf/config.json
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 {
  "l1_config": {
    "confirmations": "0x6",
-    "endpoint": "https://rpc.ankr.com/eth",
+    "endpoint": "DUMMY_ENDPOINT",
    "l1_message_queue_address": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "scroll_chain_address": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "start_height": 0,
    "relayer_config": {
      "gas_price_oracle_address": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "sender_config": {
-        "endpoint": "https://rpc.scroll.io",
+        "endpoint": "https://sepolia-rpc.scroll.io",
        "check_pending_time": 2,
        "check_balance_time": 100,
        "escalate_blocks": 100,
@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@
  },
  "l2_config": {
    "confirmations": "0x1",
-    "endpoint": "https://rpc.scroll.io",
+    "endpoint": "https://sepolia-rpc.scroll.io",
    "l2_messenger_address": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "l2_message_queue_address": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "relayer_config": {
      "rollup_contract_address": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "gas_price_oracle_address": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "sender_config": {
-        "endpoint": "https://rpc.ankr.com/eth",
+        "endpoint": "https://sepolia-rpc.scroll.io",
        "check_pending_time": 10,
        "check_balance_time": 100,
        "escalate_blocks": 100,
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
        "escalate_multiple_num": 11,
        "escalate_multiple_den": 10,
        "max_gas_price": 10000000000,
-        "tx_type": "DynamicFeeTx",
+        "tx_type": "LegacyTx",
        "min_balance": 100000000000000000000,
        "pending_limit": 10
      },
--- a/rollup/internal/controller/relayer/relayer_test.go
+++ b/rollup/internal/controller/relayer/relayer_test.go
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import (

 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/ethclient"
-	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"

 	"scroll-tech/common/database"
@@ -41,10 +40,6 @@ var (
 )

 func setupEnv(t *testing.T) {
-	glogger := log.NewGlogHandler(log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.LogfmtFormat()))
-	glogger.Verbosity(log.LvlInfo)
-	log.Root().SetHandler(glogger)
-
 	// Load config.
 	var err error
 	cfg, err = config.NewConfig("../../../conf/config.json")
--- a/rollup/internal/controller/sender/estimategas.go
+++ b/rollup/internal/controller/sender/estimategas.go
@@ -6,21 +6,22 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"

 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum"
+	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/log"
 )

-func (s *Sender) estimateLegacyGas(contract *common.Address, value *big.Int, data []byte, fallbackGasLimit uint64) (*FeeData, error) {
+func (s *Sender) estimateLegacyGas(auth *bind.TransactOpts, contract *common.Address, value *big.Int, input []byte, fallbackGasLimit uint64) (*FeeData, error) {
 	gasPrice, err := s.client.SuggestGasPrice(s.ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error("estimateLegacyGas SuggestGasPrice failure", "error", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	gasLimit, _, err := s.estimateGasLimit(contract, data, gasPrice, nil, nil, value, false)
+	gasLimit, _, err := s.estimateGasLimit(auth, contract, input, gasPrice, nil, nil, value, false)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Error("estimateLegacyGas estimateGasLimit failure", "gas price", gasPrice, "from", s.auth.From.Hex(),
-			"nonce", s.auth.Nonce.Uint64(), "contract address", contract.Hex(), "fallback gas limit", fallbackGasLimit, "error", err)
+		log.Error("estimateLegacyGas estimateGasLimit failure", "gas price", gasPrice, "from", auth.From.Hex(),
+			"nonce", auth.Nonce.Uint64(), "contract address", contract.Hex(), "fallback gas limit", fallbackGasLimit, "error", err)
 		if fallbackGasLimit == 0 {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ func (s *Sender) estimateLegacyGas(contract *common.Address, value *big.Int, dat
 	}, nil
 }

-func (s *Sender) estimateDynamicGas(contract *common.Address, value *big.Int, data []byte, fallbackGasLimit uint64) (*FeeData, error) {
+func (s *Sender) estimateDynamicGas(auth *bind.TransactOpts, contract *common.Address, value *big.Int, input []byte, fallbackGasLimit uint64) (*FeeData, error) {
 	gasTipCap, err := s.client.SuggestGasTipCap(s.ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error("estimateDynamicGas SuggestGasTipCap failure", "error", err)
@@ -49,10 +50,10 @@ func (s *Sender) estimateDynamicGas(contract *common.Address, value *big.Int, da
 		gasTipCap,
 		new(big.Int).Mul(baseFee, big.NewInt(2)),
 	)
-	gasLimit, accessList, err := s.estimateGasLimit(contract, data, nil, gasTipCap, gasFeeCap, value, true)
+	gasLimit, accessList, err := s.estimateGasLimit(auth, contract, input, nil, gasTipCap, gasFeeCap, value, true)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error("estimateDynamicGas estimateGasLimit failure",
-			"from", s.auth.From.Hex(), "nonce", s.auth.Nonce.Uint64(), "contract address", contract.Hex(),
+			"from", auth.From.Hex(), "nonce", auth.Nonce.Uint64(), "contract address", contract.Hex(),
 			"fallback gas limit", fallbackGasLimit, "error", err)
 		if fallbackGasLimit == 0 {
 			return nil, err
@@ -72,15 +73,15 @@ func (s *Sender) estimateDynamicGas(contract *common.Address, value *big.Int, da
 	return feeData, nil
 }

-func (s *Sender) estimateGasLimit(contract *common.Address, data []byte, gasPrice, gasTipCap, gasFeeCap, value *big.Int, useAccessList bool) (uint64, *types.AccessList, error) {
+func (s *Sender) estimateGasLimit(opts *bind.TransactOpts, contract *common.Address, input []byte, gasPrice, gasTipCap, gasFeeCap, value *big.Int, useAccessList bool) (uint64, *types.AccessList, error) {
 	msg := ethereum.CallMsg{
-		From:      s.auth.From,
+		From:      opts.From,
 		To:        contract,
 		GasPrice:  gasPrice,
 		GasTipCap: gasTipCap,
 		GasFeeCap: gasFeeCap,
 		Value:     value,
-		Data:      data,
+		Data:      input,
 	}
 	gasLimitWithoutAccessList, err := s.client.EstimateGas(s.ctx, msg)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -92,7 +93,8 @@ func (s *Sender) estimateGasLimit(contract *common.Address, data []byte, gasPric
 		return gasLimitWithoutAccessList, nil, nil
 	}

-	accessList, gasLimitWithAccessList, errStr, rpcErr := s.gethClient.CreateAccessList(s.ctx, msg)
+	var gasLimitWithAccessList uint64
+	accessList, gasUsed, errStr, rpcErr := s.gethClient.CreateAccessList(s.ctx, msg)
 	if rpcErr != nil {
 		log.Error("CreateAccessList RPC error", "error", rpcErr)
 		return gasLimitWithoutAccessList, nil, rpcErr
@@ -102,36 +104,17 @@ func (s *Sender) estimateGasLimit(contract *common.Address, data []byte, gasPric
 		return gasLimitWithoutAccessList, nil, fmt.Errorf(errStr)
 	}

-	// Fine-tune accessList because 'to' address is automatically included in the access list by the Ethereum protocol: https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/v1.13.10/core/state/statedb.go#L1322
-	// This function returns a gas estimation because GO SDK does not support access list: https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/v1.13.10/ethclient/ethclient.go#L642
-	accessList, gasLimitWithAccessList = finetuneAccessList(accessList, gasLimitWithAccessList, msg.To)
+	msg.AccessList = *accessList
+	gasLimitWithAccessList, err = s.client.EstimateGas(s.ctx, msg)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("estimateGasLimit EstimateGas failure with access list", "error", err)
+		return gasLimitWithoutAccessList, nil, err
+	}

-	log.Info("gas", "senderName", s.name, "senderService", s.service, "gasLimitWithAccessList", gasLimitWithAccessList, "gasLimitWithoutAccessList", gasLimitWithoutAccessList, "accessList", accessList)
+	log.Info("gas", "senderName", s.name, "senderService", s.service, "accessListGasUsed", gasUsed, "gasLimitWithAccessList", gasLimitWithAccessList, "gasLimitWithoutAccessList", gasLimitWithoutAccessList)

 	if gasLimitWithAccessList < gasLimitWithoutAccessList {
 		return gasLimitWithAccessList, accessList, nil
 	}
 	return gasLimitWithoutAccessList, nil, nil
 }
-
-func finetuneAccessList(accessList *types.AccessList, gasLimitWithAccessList uint64, to *common.Address) (*types.AccessList, uint64) {
-	if accessList == nil || to == nil {
-		return accessList, gasLimitWithAccessList
-	}
-
-	var newAccessList types.AccessList
-	for _, entry := range *accessList {
-		if entry.Address == *to && len(entry.StorageKeys) < 24 {
-			// Based on: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.06574.pdf
-			// We remove the address and respective storage keys as long as the number of storage keys < 24.
-			// This removal helps in preventing double-counting of the 'to' address in access list calculations.
-			gasLimitWithAccessList -= 2400
-			// Each storage key saves 100 gas units.
-			gasLimitWithAccessList += uint64(100 * len(entry.StorageKeys))
-		} else {
-			// Otherwise, keep the entry in the new access list.
-			newAccessList = append(newAccessList, entry)
-		}
-	}
-	return &newAccessList, gasLimitWithAccessList
-}
--- a/rollup/internal/controller/sender/sender.go
+++ b/rollup/internal/controller/sender/sender.go
@@ -193,11 +193,11 @@ func (s *Sender) SendConfirmation(cfm *Confirmation) {
 	s.confirmCh <- cfm
 }

-func (s *Sender) getFeeData(target *common.Address, value *big.Int, data []byte, fallbackGasLimit uint64) (*FeeData, error) {
+func (s *Sender) getFeeData(auth *bind.TransactOpts, target *common.Address, value *big.Int, data []byte, fallbackGasLimit uint64) (*FeeData, error) {
 	if s.config.TxType == DynamicFeeTxType {
-		return s.estimateDynamicGas(target, value, data, fallbackGasLimit)
+		return s.estimateDynamicGas(auth, target, value, data, fallbackGasLimit)
 	}
-	return s.estimateLegacyGas(target, value, data, fallbackGasLimit)
+	return s.estimateLegacyGas(auth, target, value, data, fallbackGasLimit)
 }

 // SendTransaction send a signed L2tL1 transaction.
@@ -226,13 +226,13 @@ func (s *Sender) SendTransaction(ID string, target *common.Address, value *big.I
 		}
 	}()

-	if feeData, err = s.getFeeData(target, value, data, fallbackGasLimit); err != nil {
+	if feeData, err = s.getFeeData(s.auth, target, value, data, fallbackGasLimit); err != nil {
 		s.metrics.sendTransactionFailureGetFee.WithLabelValues(s.service, s.name).Inc()
 		log.Error("failed to get fee data", "from", s.auth.From.String(), "nonce", s.auth.Nonce.Uint64(), "fallback gas limit", fallbackGasLimit, "err", err)
 		return common.Hash{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to get fee data, err: %w", err)
 	}

-	if tx, err = s.createAndSendTx(feeData, target, value, data, nil); err != nil {
+	if tx, err = s.createAndSendTx(s.auth, feeData, target, value, data, nil); err != nil {
 		s.metrics.sendTransactionFailureSendTx.WithLabelValues(s.service, s.name).Inc()
 		log.Error("failed to create and send tx (non-resubmit case)", "from", s.auth.From.String(), "nonce", s.auth.Nonce.Uint64(), "err", err)
 		return common.Hash{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to create and send transaction, err: %w", err)
@@ -250,9 +250,9 @@ func (s *Sender) SendTransaction(ID string, target *common.Address, value *big.I
 	return tx.Hash(), nil
 }

-func (s *Sender) createAndSendTx(feeData *FeeData, target *common.Address, value *big.Int, data []byte, overrideNonce *uint64) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+func (s *Sender) createAndSendTx(auth *bind.TransactOpts, feeData *FeeData, target *common.Address, value *big.Int, data []byte, overrideNonce *uint64) (*types.Transaction, error) {
 	var (
-		nonce  = s.auth.Nonce.Uint64()
+		nonce  = auth.Nonce.Uint64()
 		txData types.TxData
 	)

@@ -308,13 +308,13 @@ func (s *Sender) createAndSendTx(feeData *FeeData, target *common.Address, value
 	}

 	// sign and send
-	tx, err := s.auth.Signer(s.auth.From, types.NewTx(txData))
+	tx, err := auth.Signer(auth.From, types.NewTx(txData))
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Error("failed to sign tx", "address", s.auth.From.String(), "err", err)
+		log.Error("failed to sign tx", "address", auth.From.String(), "err", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if err = s.client.SendTransaction(s.ctx, tx); err != nil {
-		log.Error("failed to send tx", "tx hash", tx.Hash().String(), "from", s.auth.From.String(), "nonce", tx.Nonce(), "err", err)
+		log.Error("failed to send tx", "tx hash", tx.Hash().String(), "from", auth.From.String(), "nonce", tx.Nonce(), "err", err)
 		// Check if contain nonce, and reset nonce
 		// only reset nonce when it is not from resubmit
 		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "nonce") && overrideNonce == nil {
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ func (s *Sender) createAndSendTx(feeData *FeeData, target *common.Address, value

 	// update nonce when it is not from resubmit
 	if overrideNonce == nil {
-		s.auth.Nonce = big.NewInt(int64(nonce + 1))
+		auth.Nonce = big.NewInt(int64(nonce + 1))
 	}
 	return tx, nil
 }
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ func (s *Sender) resubmitTransaction(feeData *FeeData, auth *bind.TransactOpts,

 	nonce := tx.Nonce()
 	s.metrics.resubmitTransactionTotal.WithLabelValues(s.service, s.name).Inc()
-	tx, err := s.createAndSendTx(feeData, tx.To(), tx.Value(), tx.Data(), &nonce)
+	tx, err := s.createAndSendTx(auth, feeData, tx.To(), tx.Value(), tx.Data(), &nonce)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error("failed to create and send tx (resubmit case)", "from", s.auth.From.String(), "nonce", nonce, "err", err)
 		return nil, err
--- a/rollup/internal/controller/sender/sender_test.go
+++ b/rollup/internal/controller/sender/sender_test.go
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"crypto/ecdsa"
 	"errors"
 	"math/big"
-	"os"
 	"strconv"
 	"testing"

@@ -15,26 +14,21 @@ import (
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/ethclient"
-	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/rpc"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"

 	"scroll-tech/common/docker"

-	bridgeAbi "scroll-tech/rollup/abi"
-	"scroll-tech/rollup/mock_bridge"
-
 	"scroll-tech/rollup/internal/config"
 )

 const TXBatch = 50

 var (
-	privateKey         *ecdsa.PrivateKey
-	cfg                *config.Config
-	base               *docker.App
-	txTypes            = []string{"LegacyTx", "AccessListTx", "DynamicFeeTx"}
-	scrollChainAddress common.Address
+	privateKey *ecdsa.PrivateKey
+	cfg        *config.Config
+	base       *docker.App
+	txTypes    = []string{"LegacyTx", "AccessListTx", "DynamicFeeTx"}
 )

 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
@@ -46,10 +40,6 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 }

 func setupEnv(t *testing.T) {
-	glogger := log.NewGlogHandler(log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.LogfmtFormat()))
-	glogger.Verbosity(log.LvlInfo)
-	log.Root().SetHandler(glogger)
-
 	var err error
 	cfg, err = config.NewConfig("../../../conf/config.json")
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -61,18 +51,6 @@ func setupEnv(t *testing.T) {

 	cfg.L1Config.RelayerConfig.SenderConfig.Endpoint = base.L1gethImg.Endpoint()
 	cfg.L1Config.RelayerConfig.SenderConfig.CheckBalanceTime = 1
-
-	auth, err := bind.NewKeyedTransactorWithChainID(privateKey, base.L1gethImg.ChainID())
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-
-	l1Client, err := base.L1Client()
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-
-	_, tx, _, err := mock_bridge.DeployMockBridgeL1(auth, l1Client)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-
-	scrollChainAddress, err = bind.WaitDeployed(context.Background(), l1Client, tx)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
 }

 func TestSender(t *testing.T) {
@@ -82,7 +60,6 @@ func TestSender(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("test new sender", testNewSender)
 	t.Run("test pending limit", testPendLimit)
 	t.Run("test fallback gas limit", testFallbackGasLimit)
-	t.Run("test access list transaction gas limit", testAccessListTransactionGasLimit)
 	t.Run("test resubmit zero gas price transaction", testResubmitZeroGasPriceTransaction)
 	t.Run("test resubmit non-zero gas price transaction", testResubmitNonZeroGasPriceTransaction)
 	t.Run("test resubmit under priced transaction", testResubmitUnderpricedTransaction)
@@ -147,7 +124,7 @@ func testFallbackGasLimit(t *testing.T) {

 		// FallbackGasLimit = 100000
 		patchGuard := gomonkey.ApplyPrivateMethod(s, "estimateGasLimit",
-			func(contract *common.Address, input []byte, gasPrice, gasTipCap, gasFeeCap, value *big.Int) (uint64, *types.AccessList, error) {
+			func(opts *bind.TransactOpts, contract *common.Address, input []byte, gasPrice, gasTipCap, gasFeeCap, value *big.Int) (uint64, *types.AccessList, error) {
 				return 0, nil, errors.New("estimateGasLimit error")
 			},
 		)
@@ -175,7 +152,7 @@ func testResubmitZeroGasPriceTransaction(t *testing.T) {
 			gasFeeCap: big.NewInt(0),
 			gasLimit:  50000,
 		}
-		tx, err := s.createAndSendTx(feeData, &common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), nil, nil)
+		tx, err := s.createAndSendTx(s.auth, feeData, &common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), nil, nil)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.NotNil(t, tx)
 		// Increase at least 1 wei in gas price, gas tip cap and gas fee cap.
@@ -185,33 +162,6 @@ func testResubmitZeroGasPriceTransaction(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func testAccessListTransactionGasLimit(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, txType := range txTypes {
-		cfgCopy := *cfg.L1Config.RelayerConfig.SenderConfig
-		cfgCopy.TxType = txType
-		s, err := NewSender(context.Background(), &cfgCopy, privateKey, "test", "test", nil)
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-
-		l2GasOracleABI, err := bridgeAbi.L2GasPriceOracleMetaData.GetAbi()
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-
-		data, err := l2GasOracleABI.Pack("setL2BaseFee", big.NewInt(2333))
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-
-		gasLimit, accessList, err := s.estimateGasLimit(&scrollChainAddress, data, big.NewInt(100000000000), big.NewInt(100000000000), big.NewInt(100000000000), big.NewInt(0), true)
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, uint64(43472), gasLimit)
-		assert.NotNil(t, accessList)
-
-		gasLimit, accessList, err = s.estimateGasLimit(&scrollChainAddress, data, big.NewInt(100000000000), big.NewInt(100000000000), big.NewInt(100000000000), big.NewInt(0), false)
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, uint64(43949), gasLimit)
-		assert.Nil(t, accessList)
-
-		s.Stop()
-	}
-}
-
 func testResubmitNonZeroGasPriceTransaction(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, txType := range txTypes {
 		cfgCopy := *cfg.L1Config.RelayerConfig.SenderConfig
@@ -227,7 +177,7 @@ func testResubmitNonZeroGasPriceTransaction(t *testing.T) {
 			gasFeeCap: big.NewInt(100000),
 			gasLimit:  50000,
 		}
-		tx, err := s.createAndSendTx(feeData, &common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), nil, nil)
+		tx, err := s.createAndSendTx(s.auth, feeData, &common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), nil, nil)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.NotNil(t, tx)
 		_, err = s.resubmitTransaction(feeData, s.auth, tx)
@@ -251,7 +201,7 @@ func testResubmitUnderpricedTransaction(t *testing.T) {
 			gasFeeCap: big.NewInt(100000),
 			gasLimit:  50000,
 		}
-		tx, err := s.createAndSendTx(feeData, &common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), nil, nil)
+		tx, err := s.createAndSendTx(s.auth, feeData, &common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), nil, nil)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.NotNil(t, tx)
 		_, err = s.resubmitTransaction(feeData, s.auth, tx)
@@ -269,7 +219,7 @@ func testResubmitTransactionWithRisingBaseFee(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	tx := types.NewTransaction(s.auth.Nonce.Uint64(), common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), 0, big.NewInt(0), nil)
 	s.baseFeePerGas = 1000
-	feeData, err := s.getFeeData(&common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), nil, 0)
+	feeData, err := s.getFeeData(s.auth, &common.Address{}, big.NewInt(0), nil, 0)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	// bump the basefee by 10x
 	s.baseFeePerGas *= 10
--- a/rollup/internal/controller/watcher/watcher_test.go
+++ b/rollup/internal/controller/watcher/watcher_test.go
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/ethclient"
-	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"

@@ -34,10 +33,6 @@ var (
 )

 func setupEnv(t *testing.T) (err error) {
-	glogger := log.NewGlogHandler(log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.LogfmtFormat()))
-	glogger.Verbosity(log.LvlInfo)
-	log.Root().SetHandler(glogger)
-
 	// Load config.
 	cfg, err = config.NewConfig("../../../conf/config.json")
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
--- a/rollup/mock_bridge/MockBridgeL1.sol
+++ b/rollup/mock_bridge/MockBridgeL1.sol
@@ -79,16 +79,16 @@ contract MockBridgeL1 {
   * Variables *
   *************/

+  /// @notice Message nonce, used to avoid relay attack.
  uint256 public messageNonce;
+
  mapping(uint256 => bytes32) public committedBatches;
-  uint256 public l2BaseFee;

  /***********************************
   * Functions from L2GasPriceOracle *
   ***********************************/

-  function setL2BaseFee(uint256 _newL2BaseFee) external {
-    l2BaseFee = _newL2BaseFee;
+  function setL2BaseFee(uint256) external {
  }

  /************************************
@@ -128,10 +128,6 @@ contract MockBridgeL1 {
   * Functions from ScrollChain *
   ******************************/

-  /// @notice Import layer 2 genesis block
-  function importGenesisBatch(bytes calldata _batchHeader, bytes32 _stateRoot) external {
-  }
-
  function commitBatch(
    uint8 /*version*/,
    bytes calldata _parentBatchHeader,
--- a/rollup/tests/bridge_test.go
+++ b/rollup/tests/bridge_test.go
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"math/big"
 	"net/http"
-	"os"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
@@ -15,7 +14,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/ethclient"
-	"github.com/scroll-tech/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"

@@ -70,10 +68,6 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 }

 func setupEnv(t *testing.T) {
-	glogger := log.NewGlogHandler(log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.LogfmtFormat()))
-	glogger.Verbosity(log.LvlInfo)
-	log.Root().SetHandler(glogger)
-
 	base.RunImages(t)

 	var err error
@@ -144,10 +138,15 @@ func TestFunction(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("TestProcessStartEnableMetrics", testProcessStartEnableMetrics)

 	// l1 rollup and watch rollup events
-	t.Run("TestCommitAndFinalizeGenesisBatch", testCommitAndFinalizeGenesisBatch)
 	t.Run("TestCommitBatchAndFinalizeBatch", testCommitBatchAndFinalizeBatch)

+	// l1 message
+
+	// l2 message
+	// TODO: add a "user relay l2msg Succeed" test
+
 	// l1/l2 gas oracle
 	t.Run("TestImportL1GasPrice", testImportL1GasPrice)
 	t.Run("TestImportL2GasPrice", testImportL2GasPrice)
+
 }
--- a/rollup/tests/rollup_test.go
+++ b/rollup/tests/rollup_test.go
@@ -20,34 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"scroll-tech/rollup/internal/orm"
 )

-func testCommitAndFinalizeGenesisBatch(t *testing.T) {
-	db := setupDB(t)
-	defer database.CloseDB(db)
-
-	prepareContracts(t)
-
-	l2Cfg := rollupApp.Config.L2Config
-	l2Relayer, err := relayer.NewLayer2Relayer(context.Background(), l2Client, db, l2Cfg.RelayerConfig, true, nil)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.NotNil(t, l2Relayer)
-
-	genesisChunkHash := common.HexToHash("0x00e076380b00a3749816fcc9a2a576b529952ef463222a54544d21b7d434dfe1")
-	chunkOrm := orm.NewChunk(db)
-	dbChunk, err := chunkOrm.GetChunksInRange(context.Background(), 0, 0)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Len(t, dbChunk, 1)
-	assert.Equal(t, genesisChunkHash.String(), dbChunk[0].Hash)
-	assert.Equal(t, types.ProvingTaskVerified, types.ProvingStatus(dbChunk[0].ProvingStatus))
-
-	genesisBatchHash := common.HexToHash("0x2d214b024f5337d83a5681f88575ab225f345ec2e4e3ce53cf4dc4b0cb5c96b1")
-	batchOrm := orm.NewBatch(db)
-	batch, err := batchOrm.GetBatchByIndex(context.Background(), 0)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, genesisBatchHash.String(), batch.Hash)
-	assert.Equal(t, types.ProvingTaskVerified, types.ProvingStatus(batch.ProvingStatus))
-	assert.Equal(t, types.RollupFinalized, types.RollupStatus(batch.RollupStatus))
-}
-
 func testCommitBatchAndFinalizeBatch(t *testing.T) {
 	db := setupDB(t)
 	defer database.CloseDB(db)