rename ProvePayload to ProveRequest

- add `TlsTranscript` fixture for testing
- refactor and simplify the commit flow
- change how the TLS transcript is committed
  - tag verification is still done for the whole transcript
  - plaintext authentication is only done where needed
  - encoding adjustments are only transmitted for needed ranges
  - makes `prove` and `verify` functions more efficient and callable more than once
- decoding now supports server-write-key decoding without authentication
- add more tests

Cargo.lock

@@ -3604,6 +3604,16 @@ version = "0.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "df1d3c3b53da64cf5760482273a98e575c651a67eec7f77df96b5b642de8f039"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "lipsum"
+version = "0.9.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "636860251af8963cc40f6b4baadee105f02e21b28131d76eba8e40ce84ab8064"
+dependencies = [
+ "rand 0.8.5",
+ "rand_chacha 0.3.1",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "litemap"
 version = "0.8.0"
@@ -5136,9 +5146,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustls-webpki"
-version = "0.103.4"
+version = "0.103.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0a17884ae0c1b773f1ccd2bd4a8c72f16da897310a98b0e84bf349ad5ead92fc"
+checksum = "b5a37813727b78798e53c2bec3f5e8fe12a6d6f8389bf9ca7802add4c9905ad8"
 dependencies = [
  "aws-lc-rs",
  "ring 0.17.14",
@@ -5941,11 +5951,15 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "tlsn"
 version = "0.1.0-alpha.13-pre"
 dependencies = [
+ "aes 0.8.4",
+ "cipher 0.4.4",
+ "ctr 0.9.2",
  "derive_builder 0.12.0",
  "futures",
  "ghash 0.5.1",
  "http-body-util",
  "hyper",
+ "lipsum",
  "mpz-common",
  "mpz-core",
  "mpz-garble",
@@ -5966,6 +5980,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "semver 1.0.26",
  "serde",
  "serio",
+ "sha2",
  "thiserror 1.0.69",
  "tlsn-attestation",
  "tlsn-cipher",
@@ -6798,9 +6813,9 @@ checksum = "75b844d17643ee918803943289730bec8aac480150456169e647ed0b576ba539"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-id-start"
-version = "1.3.1"
+version = "1.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2f322b60f6b9736017344fa0635d64be2f458fbc04eef65f6be22976dd1ffd5b"
+checksum = "81b79ad29b5e19de4260020f8919b443b2ef0277d242ce532ec7b7a2cc8b6007"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-ident"

Cargo.toml

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ bytes = { version = "1.4" }
 cfg-if = { version = "1" }
 chromiumoxide = { version = "0.7" }
 chrono = { version = "0.4" }
-cipher = { version = "0.4" }
+cipher-crypto = { package = "cipher", version = "0.4" }
 clap = { version = "4.5" }
 criterion = { version = "0.5" }
 ctr = { version = "0.9" }
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ inventory = { version = "0.3" }
 itybity = { version = "0.2" }
 js-sys = { version = "0.3" }
 k256 = { version = "0.13" }
+lipsum = { version = "0.9" }
 log = { version = "0.4" }
 once_cell = { version = "1.19" }
 opaque-debug = { version = "0.3" }

crates/components/cipher/Cargo.toml

@@ -31,4 +31,4 @@ mpz-ot = { workspace = true }
 tokio = { version = "1", features = ["macros", "rt", "rt-multi-thread"] }
 rand = { workspace = true }
 ctr = { workspace = true }
-cipher = { workspace = true }
+cipher-crypto = { workspace = true }

crates/components/cipher/src/aes/mod.rs

@@ -344,8 +344,8 @@ mod tests {
         start_ctr: usize,
         msg: Vec<u8>,
     ) -> Vec<u8> {
-        use ::cipher::{KeyIvInit, StreamCipher, StreamCipherSeek};
         use aes::Aes128;
+        use cipher_crypto::{KeyIvInit, StreamCipher, StreamCipherSeek};
         use ctr::Ctr32BE;
 
         let mut full_iv = [0u8; 16];
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     fn aes128(key: [u8; 16], msg: [u8; 16]) -> [u8; 16] {
         use ::aes::Aes128 as TestAes128;
-        use ::cipher::{BlockEncrypt, KeyInit};
+        use cipher_crypto::{BlockEncrypt, KeyInit};
 
         let mut msg = msg.into();
         let cipher = TestAes128::new(&key.into());

crates/core/src/connection.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ use rustls_pki_types as webpki_types;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use tls_core::msgs::{codec::Codec, enums::NamedGroup, handshake::ServerECDHParams};
 
-use crate::webpki::{CertificateDer, ServerCertVerifier, ServerCertVerifierError};
+use crate::{
+    transcript::TlsTranscript,
+    webpki::{CertificateDer, ServerCertVerifier, ServerCertVerifierError},
+};
 
 /// TLS version.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -312,6 +315,25 @@ pub struct HandshakeData {
 }
 
 impl HandshakeData {
+    /// Creates a new instance.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `transcript` - The TLS transcript.
+    pub fn new(transcript: &TlsTranscript) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            certs: transcript
+                .server_cert_chain()
+                .expect("server cert chain is present")
+                .to_vec(),
+            sig: transcript
+                .server_signature()
+                .expect("server signature is present")
+                .clone(),
+            binding: transcript.certificate_binding().clone(),
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Verifies the handshake data.
     ///
     /// # Arguments

crates/core/src/hash.rs

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ impl Display for HashAlgId {
 }
 
 /// A typed hash value.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct TypedHash {
     /// The algorithm of the hash.
     pub alg: HashAlgId,

crates/core/src/lib.rs

@@ -130,6 +130,15 @@ impl<'a> ProveConfigBuilder<'a> {
         self.reveal(Direction::Received, ranges)
     }
 
+    /// Reveals the full transcript range for a given direction.
+    pub fn reveal_all(
+        &mut self,
+        direction: Direction,
+    ) -> Result<&mut Self, ProveConfigBuilderError> {
+        let len = self.transcript.len_of_direction(direction);
+        self.reveal(direction, &(0..len))
+    }
+
     /// Builds the configuration.
     pub fn build(self) -> Result<ProveConfig, ProveConfigBuilderError> {
         Ok(ProveConfig {
@@ -190,10 +199,10 @@ pub struct VerifyConfigBuilderError(#[from] VerifyConfigBuilderErrorRepr);
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 enum VerifyConfigBuilderErrorRepr {}
 
-/// Payload sent to the verifier.
+/// Request to prove statements about the connection.
 #[doc(hidden)]
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct ProvePayload {
+pub struct ProveRequest {
     /// Handshake data.
     pub handshake: Option<(ServerName, HandshakeData)>,
     /// Transcript data.
@@ -202,6 +211,29 @@ pub struct ProvePayload {
     pub transcript_commit: Option<TranscriptCommitRequest>,
 }
 
+impl ProveRequest {
+    /// Creates a new prove payload.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `config` - The prove config.
+    /// * `transcript` - The partial transcript.
+    /// * `handshake` - The server name and handshake data.
+    pub fn new(
+        config: &ProveConfig,
+        transcript: Option<PartialTranscript>,
+        handshake: Option<(ServerName, HandshakeData)>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let transcript_commit = config.transcript_commit().map(|config| config.to_request());
+
+        Self {
+            handshake,
+            transcript,
+            transcript_commit,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Prover output.
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct ProverOutput {

crates/core/src/transcript/commit.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //! Transcript commitments.
 
-use std::{collections::HashSet, fmt};
+use std::fmt;
 
 use rangeset::ToRangeSet;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
@@ -69,8 +69,6 @@ pub enum TranscriptSecret {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct TranscriptCommitConfig {
     encoding_hash_alg: HashAlgId,
-    has_encoding: bool,
-    has_hash: bool,
     commits: Vec<((Direction, RangeSet<usize>), TranscriptCommitmentKind)>,
 }
 
@@ -85,16 +83,6 @@ impl TranscriptCommitConfig {
         &self.encoding_hash_alg
     }
 
-    /// Returns `true` if the configuration has any encoding commitments.
-    pub fn has_encoding(&self) -> bool {
-        self.has_encoding
-    }
-
-    /// Returns `true` if the configuration has any hash commitments.
-    pub fn has_hash(&self) -> bool {
-        self.has_hash
-    }
-
     /// Returns an iterator over the encoding commitment indices.
     pub fn iter_encoding(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &(Direction, RangeSet<usize>)> {
         self.commits.iter().filter_map(|(idx, kind)| match kind {
@@ -114,7 +102,10 @@ impl TranscriptCommitConfig {
     /// Returns a request for the transcript commitments.
     pub fn to_request(&self) -> TranscriptCommitRequest {
         TranscriptCommitRequest {
-            encoding: self.has_encoding,
+            encoding: self
+                .iter_encoding()
+                .map(|(dir, idx)| (*dir, idx.clone()))
+                .collect(),
             hash: self
                 .iter_hash()
                 .map(|((dir, idx), alg)| (*dir, idx.clone(), *alg))
@@ -131,10 +122,8 @@ impl TranscriptCommitConfig {
 pub struct TranscriptCommitConfigBuilder<'a> {
     transcript: &'a Transcript,
     encoding_hash_alg: HashAlgId,
-    has_encoding: bool,
-    has_hash: bool,
     default_kind: TranscriptCommitmentKind,
-    commits: HashSet<((Direction, RangeSet<usize>), TranscriptCommitmentKind)>,
+    commits: Vec<((Direction, RangeSet<usize>), TranscriptCommitmentKind)>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> TranscriptCommitConfigBuilder<'a> {
@@ -143,10 +132,8 @@ impl<'a> TranscriptCommitConfigBuilder<'a> {
         Self {
             transcript,
             encoding_hash_alg: HashAlgId::BLAKE3,
-            has_encoding: false,
-            has_hash: false,
             default_kind: TranscriptCommitmentKind::Encoding,
-            commits: HashSet::default(),
+            commits: Vec::default(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -188,14 +175,12 @@ impl<'a> TranscriptCommitConfigBuilder<'a> {
                 ),
             ));
         }
+        let value = ((direction, idx), kind);
 
-        match kind {
-            TranscriptCommitmentKind::Encoding => self.has_encoding = true,
-            TranscriptCommitmentKind::Hash { .. } => self.has_hash = true,
+        if !self.commits.contains(&value) {
+            self.commits.push(value);
         }
 
-        self.commits.insert(((direction, idx), kind));
-
         Ok(self)
     }
 
@@ -241,8 +226,6 @@ impl<'a> TranscriptCommitConfigBuilder<'a> {
     pub fn build(self) -> Result<TranscriptCommitConfig, TranscriptCommitConfigBuilderError> {
         Ok(TranscriptCommitConfig {
             encoding_hash_alg: self.encoding_hash_alg,
-            has_encoding: self.has_encoding,
-            has_hash: self.has_hash,
             commits: Vec::from_iter(self.commits),
         })
     }
@@ -289,19 +272,14 @@ impl fmt::Display for TranscriptCommitConfigBuilderError {
 /// Request to compute transcript commitments.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct TranscriptCommitRequest {
-    encoding: bool,
+    encoding: Vec<(Direction, RangeSet<usize>)>,
     hash: Vec<(Direction, RangeSet<usize>, HashAlgId)>,
 }
 
 impl TranscriptCommitRequest {
-    /// Returns `true` if an encoding commitment is requested.
-    pub fn encoding(&self) -> bool {
-        self.encoding
-    }
-
-    /// Returns `true` if a hash commitment is requested.
-    pub fn has_hash(&self) -> bool {
-        !self.hash.is_empty()
+    /// Returns an iterator over the encoding commitments.
+    pub fn iter_encoding(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &(Direction, RangeSet<usize>)> {
+        self.encoding.iter()
     }
 
     /// Returns an iterator over the hash commitments.

crates/core/src/transcript/encoding/encoder.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ const BIT_ENCODING_SIZE: usize = 16;
 const BYTE_ENCODING_SIZE: usize = 128;
 
 /// Secret used by an encoder to generate encodings.
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct EncoderSecret {
     seed: [u8; 32],
     delta: [u8; BIT_ENCODING_SIZE],

crates/examples/attestation/prove.rs

@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ async fn notarize(
         transcript_commitments,
         transcript_secrets,
         ..
-    } = prover.prove(&disclosure_config).await?;
+    } = prover.prove(disclosure_config).await?;
 
     // Build an attestation request.
     let mut builder = AttestationRequest::builder(config);

crates/examples/interactive/interactive.rs

@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ async fn prover<T: AsyncWrite + AsyncRead + Send + Unpin + 'static>(
 
     let config = builder.build().unwrap();
 
-    prover.prove(&config).await.unwrap();
+    prover.prove(config).await.unwrap();
     prover.close().await.unwrap();
 }
 

crates/harness/executor/src/bench/prover.rs

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ pub async fn bench_prover(provider: &IoProvider, config: &Bench) -> Result<Prove
 
     let config = builder.build()?;
 
-    prover.prove(&config).await?;
+    prover.prove(config).await?;
     prover.close().await?;
 
     let time_total = time_start.elapsed().as_millis();

crates/harness/executor/test_plugins/basic.rs

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ async fn prover(provider: &IoProvider) {
 
     let config = builder.build().unwrap();
 
-    prover.prove(&config).await.unwrap();
+    prover.prove(config).await.unwrap();
     prover.close().await.unwrap();
 }
 

crates/tlsn/Cargo.toml

@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ mpz-ot = { workspace = true }
 mpz-vm-core = { workspace = true }
 mpz-zk = { workspace = true }
 
+aes = { workspace = true }
+cipher-crypto = { workspace = true }
+ctr = { workspace = true }
 derive_builder = { workspace = true }
 futures = { workspace = true }
 opaque-debug = { workspace = true }
@@ -57,6 +60,8 @@ rangeset = { workspace = true }
 webpki-roots = { workspace = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
+lipsum = { workspace = true }
+sha2 = { workspace = true }
 rstest = { workspace = true }
 tlsn-server-fixture = { workspace = true }
 tlsn-server-fixture-certs = { workspace = true }
@@ -65,3 +70,5 @@ tokio-util = { workspace = true, features = ["compat"] }
 hyper = { workspace = true, features = ["client"] }
 http-body-util = { workspace = true }
 tracing-subscriber = { workspace = true, features = ["env-filter"] }
+tlsn-core = { workspace = true, features = ["fixtures"] }
+mpz-ot = { workspace = true, features = ["ideal"] }

crates/tlsn/src/commit/auth.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,708 @@
+//! Authentication of the transcript plaintext and creation of the transcript
+//! references.
+
+use std::ops::Range;
+
+use mpz_core::bitvec::BitVec;
+use mpz_memory_core::{DecodeError, DecodeFutureTyped, MemoryExt, binary::Binary};
+use mpz_vm_core::Vm;
+use rangeset::{Disjoint, RangeSet, Union, UnionMut};
+use tlsn_core::{
+    hash::HashAlgId,
+    transcript::{ContentType, Direction, PartialTranscript, Record, TlsTranscript},
+};
+
+use crate::{
+    Role,
+    commit::transcript::TranscriptRefs,
+    zk_aes_ctr::{ZkAesCtr, ZkAesCtrError},
+};
+
+/// Transcript Authenticator.
+pub(crate) struct Authenticator {
+    encoding: Index,
+    hash: Index,
+    decoding: Index,
+    proving: Index,
+}
+
+impl Authenticator {
+    /// Creates a new authenticator.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `encoding` - Ranges for encoding commitments.
+    /// * `hash` - Ranges for hash commitments.
+    /// * `partial` - The partial transcript.
+    pub(crate) fn new<'a>(
+        encoding: impl Iterator<Item = &'a (Direction, RangeSet<usize>)>,
+        hash: impl Iterator<Item = &'a (Direction, RangeSet<usize>, HashAlgId)>,
+        partial: Option<&PartialTranscript>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        // Compute encoding index.
+        let mut encoding_sent = RangeSet::default();
+        let mut encoding_recv = RangeSet::default();
+
+        for (d, idx) in encoding {
+            match d {
+                Direction::Sent => encoding_sent.union_mut(idx),
+                Direction::Received => encoding_recv.union_mut(idx),
+            }
+        }
+
+        let encoding = Index::new(encoding_sent, encoding_recv);
+
+        // Compute hash index.
+        let mut hash_sent = RangeSet::default();
+        let mut hash_recv = RangeSet::default();
+
+        for (d, idx, _) in hash {
+            match d {
+                Direction::Sent => hash_sent.union_mut(idx),
+                Direction::Received => hash_recv.union_mut(idx),
+            }
+        }
+
+        let hash = Index {
+            sent: hash_sent,
+            recv: hash_recv,
+        };
+
+        // Compute decoding index.
+        let mut decoding_sent = RangeSet::default();
+        let mut decoding_recv = RangeSet::default();
+
+        if let Some(partial) = partial {
+            decoding_sent.union_mut(partial.sent_authed());
+            decoding_recv.union_mut(partial.received_authed());
+        }
+
+        let decoding = Index::new(decoding_sent, decoding_recv);
+
+        // Compute proving index.
+        let mut proving_sent = RangeSet::default();
+        let mut proving_recv = RangeSet::default();
+
+        proving_sent.union_mut(decoding.sent());
+        proving_sent.union_mut(encoding.sent());
+        proving_sent.union_mut(hash.sent());
+
+        proving_recv.union_mut(decoding.recv());
+        proving_recv.union_mut(encoding.recv());
+        proving_recv.union_mut(hash.recv());
+
+        let proving = Index::new(proving_sent, proving_recv);
+
+        Self {
+            encoding,
+            hash,
+            decoding,
+            proving,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Authenticates the sent plaintext, returning a proof of encryption and
+    /// writes the plaintext VM references to the transcript references.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `vm` - The virtual machine.
+    /// * `zk_aes_sent` - ZK AES Cipher for sent traffic.
+    /// * `transcript` - The TLS transcript.
+    /// * `transcript_refs` - The transcript references.
+    pub(crate) fn auth_sent(
+        &mut self,
+        vm: &mut dyn Vm<Binary>,
+        zk_aes_sent: &mut ZkAesCtr,
+        transcript: &TlsTranscript,
+        transcript_refs: &mut TranscriptRefs,
+    ) -> Result<RecordProof, AuthError> {
+        let missing_index = transcript_refs.compute_missing(Direction::Sent, self.proving.sent());
+
+        // If there is nothing new to prove, return early.
+        if missing_index == RangeSet::default() {
+            return Ok(RecordProof::default());
+        }
+
+        let sent = transcript
+            .sent()
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|record| record.typ == ContentType::ApplicationData);
+
+        authenticate(
+            vm,
+            zk_aes_sent,
+            Direction::Sent,
+            sent,
+            transcript_refs,
+            missing_index,
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Authenticates the received plaintext, returning a proof of encryption
+    /// and writes the plaintext VM references to the transcript references.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `vm` - The virtual machine.
+    /// * `zk_aes_recv` - ZK AES Cipher for received traffic.
+    /// * `transcript` - The TLS transcript.
+    /// * `transcript_refs` - The transcript references.
+    pub(crate) fn auth_recv(
+        &mut self,
+        vm: &mut dyn Vm<Binary>,
+        zk_aes_recv: &mut ZkAesCtr,
+        transcript: &TlsTranscript,
+        transcript_refs: &mut TranscriptRefs,
+    ) -> Result<RecordProof, AuthError> {
+        let decoding_recv = self.decoding.recv();
+        let fully_decoded = decoding_recv.union(&transcript_refs.decoded(Direction::Received));
+        let full_range = 0..transcript_refs.max_len(Direction::Received);
+
+        // If we only have decoding ranges, and the parts we are going to decode will
+        // complete to the full received transcript, then we do not need to
+        // authenticate, because this will be done by
+        // `crate::commit::decode::verify_transcript`, as it uses the server write
+        // key and iv for verification.
+        if decoding_recv == self.proving.recv() && fully_decoded == full_range {
+            return Ok(RecordProof::default());
+        }
+
+        let missing_index =
+            transcript_refs.compute_missing(Direction::Received, self.proving.recv());
+
+        // If there is nothing new to prove, return early.
+        if missing_index == RangeSet::default() {
+            return Ok(RecordProof::default());
+        }
+
+        let recv = transcript
+            .recv()
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|record| record.typ == ContentType::ApplicationData);
+
+        authenticate(
+            vm,
+            zk_aes_recv,
+            Direction::Received,
+            recv,
+            transcript_refs,
+            missing_index,
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the sent and received encoding ranges.
+    pub(crate) fn encoding(&self) -> (&RangeSet<usize>, &RangeSet<usize>) {
+        (self.encoding.sent(), self.encoding.recv())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the sent and received hash ranges.
+    pub(crate) fn hash(&self) -> (&RangeSet<usize>, &RangeSet<usize>) {
+        (self.hash.sent(), self.hash.recv())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the sent and received decoding ranges.
+    pub(crate) fn decoding(&self) -> (&RangeSet<usize>, &RangeSet<usize>) {
+        (self.decoding.sent(), self.decoding.recv())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Authenticates parts of the transcript in zk.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `vm` - The virtual machine.
+/// * `zk_aes` - ZK AES Cipher.
+/// * `direction` - The direction of the application data.
+/// * `app_data` - The application data.
+/// * `transcript_refs` - The transcript references.
+/// * `missing_index` - The index which needs to be proven.
+fn authenticate<'a>(
+    vm: &mut dyn Vm<Binary>,
+    zk_aes: &mut ZkAesCtr,
+    direction: Direction,
+    app_data: impl Iterator<Item = &'a Record>,
+    transcript_refs: &mut TranscriptRefs,
+    missing_index: RangeSet<usize>,
+) -> Result<RecordProof, AuthError> {
+    let mut record_idx = Range::default();
+    let mut ciphertexts = Vec::new();
+
+    for record in app_data {
+        let record_len = record.ciphertext.len();
+        record_idx.end += record_len;
+
+        if missing_index.is_disjoint(&record_idx) {
+            record_idx.start += record_len;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let (plaintext_ref, ciphertext_ref) =
+            zk_aes.encrypt(vm, record.explicit_nonce.clone(), record.ciphertext.len())?;
+
+        if let Role::Prover = zk_aes.role() {
+            let Some(plaintext) = record.plaintext.clone() else {
+                return Err(AuthError(ErrorRepr::MissingPlainText));
+            };
+
+            vm.assign(plaintext_ref, plaintext).map_err(AuthError::vm)?;
+        }
+        vm.commit(plaintext_ref).map_err(AuthError::vm)?;
+
+        let ciphertext = vm.decode(ciphertext_ref).map_err(AuthError::vm)?;
+
+        transcript_refs.add(direction, &record_idx, plaintext_ref);
+        ciphertexts.push((ciphertext, record.ciphertext.clone()));
+
+        record_idx.start += record_len;
+    }
+
+    let proof = RecordProof { ciphertexts };
+    Ok(proof)
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
+struct Index {
+    sent: RangeSet<usize>,
+    recv: RangeSet<usize>,
+}
+
+impl Index {
+    fn new(sent: RangeSet<usize>, recv: RangeSet<usize>) -> Self {
+        Self { sent, recv }
+    }
+
+    fn sent(&self) -> &RangeSet<usize> {
+        &self.sent
+    }
+
+    fn recv(&self) -> &RangeSet<usize> {
+        &self.recv
+    }
+}
+
+/// Proof of encryption.
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+#[must_use]
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+pub(crate) struct RecordProof {
+    ciphertexts: Vec<(DecodeFutureTyped<BitVec, Vec<u8>>, Vec<u8>)>,
+}
+
+impl RecordProof {
+    /// Verifies the proof.
+    pub(crate) fn verify(self) -> Result<(), AuthError> {
+        let Self { ciphertexts } = self;
+
+        for (mut ciphertext, expected) in ciphertexts {
+            let ciphertext = ciphertext
+                .try_recv()
+                .map_err(AuthError::vm)?
+                .ok_or(AuthError(ErrorRepr::MissingDecoding))?;
+
+            if ciphertext != expected {
+                return Err(AuthError(ErrorRepr::InvalidCiphertext));
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Error for [`Authenticator`].
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+#[error("transcript authentication error: {0}")]
+pub(crate) struct AuthError(#[source] ErrorRepr);
+
+impl AuthError {
+    fn vm<E>(err: E) -> Self
+    where
+        E: Into<Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static>>,
+    {
+        Self(ErrorRepr::Vm(err.into()))
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+enum ErrorRepr {
+    #[error("vm error: {0}")]
+    Vm(Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static>),
+    #[error("zk-aes error: {0}")]
+    ZkAes(ZkAesCtrError),
+    #[error("decode error: {0}")]
+    Decode(DecodeError),
+    #[error("plaintext is missing in record")]
+    MissingPlainText,
+    #[error("decoded value is missing")]
+    MissingDecoding,
+    #[error("invalid ciphertext")]
+    InvalidCiphertext,
+}
+
+impl From<ZkAesCtrError> for AuthError {
+    fn from(value: ZkAesCtrError) -> Self {
+        Self(ErrorRepr::ZkAes(value))
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<DecodeError> for AuthError {
+    fn from(value: DecodeError) -> Self {
+        Self(ErrorRepr::Decode(value))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use crate::{
+        Role,
+        commit::{
+            auth::{Authenticator, ErrorRepr},
+            transcript::TranscriptRefs,
+        },
+        zk_aes_ctr::ZkAesCtr,
+    };
+    use lipsum::{LIBER_PRIMUS, lipsum};
+    use mpz_common::context::test_st_context;
+    use mpz_garble_core::Delta;
+    use mpz_memory_core::{
+        Array, MemoryExt, ViewExt,
+        binary::{Binary, U8},
+    };
+    use mpz_ot::ideal::rcot::{IdealRCOTReceiver, IdealRCOTSender, ideal_rcot};
+    use mpz_vm_core::{Execute, Vm};
+    use mpz_zk::{Prover, ProverConfig, Verifier, VerifierConfig};
+    use rand::{Rng, SeedableRng, rngs::StdRng};
+    use rangeset::{RangeSet, UnionMut};
+    use rstest::{fixture, rstest};
+    use tlsn_core::{
+        fixtures::transcript::{IV, KEY, RECORD_SIZE},
+        hash::HashAlgId,
+        transcript::{ContentType, Direction, TlsTranscript},
+    };
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_authenticator_sent(
+        encoding: Vec<(Direction, RangeSet<usize>)>,
+        hashes: Vec<(Direction, RangeSet<usize>, HashAlgId)>,
+        decoding: (RangeSet<usize>, RangeSet<usize>),
+        transcript: TlsTranscript,
+        transcript_refs: TranscriptRefs,
+    ) {
+        let (sent_decdoding, recv_decdoding) = decoding;
+        let partial = transcript
+            .to_transcript()
+            .unwrap()
+            .to_partial(sent_decdoding, recv_decdoding);
+
+        let (mut ctx_p, mut ctx_v) = test_st_context(8);
+
+        let (mut prover, mut verifier) = vms();
+        let mut refs_prover = transcript_refs.clone();
+        let mut refs_verifier = transcript_refs;
+
+        let (key, iv) = keys(&mut prover, KEY, IV, Role::Prover);
+        let mut auth_prover = Authenticator::new(encoding.iter(), hashes.iter(), Some(&partial));
+        let mut zk_prover = ZkAesCtr::new(Role::Prover);
+        zk_prover.set_key(key, iv);
+        zk_prover.alloc(&mut prover, SENT_LEN).unwrap();
+
+        let (key, iv) = keys(&mut verifier, KEY, IV, Role::Verifier);
+        let mut auth_verifier = Authenticator::new(encoding.iter(), hashes.iter(), Some(&partial));
+        let mut zk_verifier = ZkAesCtr::new(Role::Verifier);
+        zk_verifier.set_key(key, iv);
+        zk_verifier.alloc(&mut verifier, SENT_LEN).unwrap();
+
+        let _ = auth_prover
+            .auth_sent(&mut prover, &mut zk_prover, &transcript, &mut refs_prover)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let proof = auth_verifier
+            .auth_sent(
+                &mut verifier,
+                &mut zk_verifier,
+                &transcript,
+                &mut refs_verifier,
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+
+        tokio::try_join!(
+            prover.execute_all(&mut ctx_p),
+            verifier.execute_all(&mut ctx_v)
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        proof.verify().unwrap();
+
+        let mut prove_range: RangeSet<usize> = RangeSet::default();
+        prove_range.union_mut(&(600..1600));
+        prove_range.union_mut(&(800..2000));
+        prove_range.union_mut(&(2600..3700));
+
+        let mut expected_ranges = RangeSet::default();
+        for r in prove_range.iter_ranges() {
+            let floor = r.start / RECORD_SIZE;
+            let ceil = r.end.div_ceil(RECORD_SIZE);
+
+            let expected = floor * RECORD_SIZE..ceil * RECORD_SIZE;
+            expected_ranges.union_mut(&expected);
+        }
+
+        assert_eq!(refs_prover.index(Direction::Sent), expected_ranges);
+        assert_eq!(refs_verifier.index(Direction::Sent), expected_ranges);
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_authenticator_recv(
+        encoding: Vec<(Direction, RangeSet<usize>)>,
+        hashes: Vec<(Direction, RangeSet<usize>, HashAlgId)>,
+        decoding: (RangeSet<usize>, RangeSet<usize>),
+        transcript: TlsTranscript,
+        transcript_refs: TranscriptRefs,
+    ) {
+        let (sent_decdoding, recv_decdoding) = decoding;
+        let partial = transcript
+            .to_transcript()
+            .unwrap()
+            .to_partial(sent_decdoding, recv_decdoding);
+
+        let (mut ctx_p, mut ctx_v) = test_st_context(8);
+
+        let (mut prover, mut verifier) = vms();
+        let mut refs_prover = transcript_refs.clone();
+        let mut refs_verifier = transcript_refs;
+
+        let (key, iv) = keys(&mut prover, KEY, IV, Role::Prover);
+        let mut auth_prover = Authenticator::new(encoding.iter(), hashes.iter(), Some(&partial));
+        let mut zk_prover = ZkAesCtr::new(Role::Prover);
+        zk_prover.set_key(key, iv);
+        zk_prover.alloc(&mut prover, RECV_LEN).unwrap();
+
+        let (key, iv) = keys(&mut verifier, KEY, IV, Role::Verifier);
+        let mut auth_verifier = Authenticator::new(encoding.iter(), hashes.iter(), Some(&partial));
+        let mut zk_verifier = ZkAesCtr::new(Role::Verifier);
+        zk_verifier.set_key(key, iv);
+        zk_verifier.alloc(&mut verifier, RECV_LEN).unwrap();
+
+        let _ = auth_prover
+            .auth_recv(&mut prover, &mut zk_prover, &transcript, &mut refs_prover)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let proof = auth_verifier
+            .auth_recv(
+                &mut verifier,
+                &mut zk_verifier,
+                &transcript,
+                &mut refs_verifier,
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+
+        tokio::try_join!(
+            prover.execute_all(&mut ctx_p),
+            verifier.execute_all(&mut ctx_v)
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        proof.verify().unwrap();
+
+        let mut prove_range: RangeSet<usize> = RangeSet::default();
+
+        prove_range.union_mut(&(4000..4200));
+        prove_range.union_mut(&(5000..5800));
+        prove_range.union_mut(&(6800..RECV_LEN));
+
+        let mut expected_ranges = RangeSet::default();
+        for r in prove_range.iter_ranges() {
+            let floor = r.start / RECORD_SIZE;
+            let ceil = r.end.div_ceil(RECORD_SIZE);
+
+            let expected = floor * RECORD_SIZE..ceil * RECORD_SIZE;
+            expected_ranges.union_mut(&expected);
+        }
+
+        assert_eq!(refs_prover.index(Direction::Received), expected_ranges);
+        assert_eq!(refs_verifier.index(Direction::Received), expected_ranges);
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_authenticator_sent_verify_fail(
+        encoding: Vec<(Direction, RangeSet<usize>)>,
+        hashes: Vec<(Direction, RangeSet<usize>, HashAlgId)>,
+        decoding: (RangeSet<usize>, RangeSet<usize>),
+        transcript: TlsTranscript,
+        transcript_refs: TranscriptRefs,
+    ) {
+        let (sent_decdoding, recv_decdoding) = decoding;
+        let partial = transcript
+            .to_transcript()
+            .unwrap()
+            .to_partial(sent_decdoding, recv_decdoding);
+
+        let (mut ctx_p, mut ctx_v) = test_st_context(8);
+
+        let (mut prover, mut verifier) = vms();
+        let mut refs_prover = transcript_refs.clone();
+        let mut refs_verifier = transcript_refs;
+
+        let (key, iv) = keys(&mut prover, KEY, IV, Role::Prover);
+        let mut auth_prover = Authenticator::new(encoding.iter(), hashes.iter(), Some(&partial));
+        let mut zk_prover = ZkAesCtr::new(Role::Prover);
+        zk_prover.set_key(key, iv);
+        zk_prover.alloc(&mut prover, SENT_LEN).unwrap();
+
+        let (key, iv) = keys(&mut verifier, KEY, IV, Role::Verifier);
+        let mut auth_verifier = Authenticator::new(encoding.iter(), hashes.iter(), Some(&partial));
+        let mut zk_verifier = ZkAesCtr::new(Role::Verifier);
+        zk_verifier.set_key(key, iv);
+        zk_verifier.alloc(&mut verifier, SENT_LEN).unwrap();
+
+        let _ = auth_prover
+            .auth_sent(&mut prover, &mut zk_prover, &transcript, &mut refs_prover)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // Forge verifier transcript to check if verify fails.
+        // Use an index which is part of the proving range.
+        let forged = forged();
+
+        let proof = auth_verifier
+            .auth_sent(&mut verifier, &mut zk_verifier, &forged, &mut refs_verifier)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        tokio::try_join!(
+            prover.execute_all(&mut ctx_p),
+            verifier.execute_all(&mut ctx_v)
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let err = proof.verify().unwrap_err();
+        assert!(matches!(err.0, ErrorRepr::InvalidCiphertext));
+    }
+
+    fn keys(
+        vm: &mut dyn Vm<Binary>,
+        key_value: [u8; 16],
+        iv_value: [u8; 4],
+        role: Role,
+    ) -> (Array<U8, 16>, Array<U8, 4>) {
+        let key: Array<U8, 16> = vm.alloc().unwrap();
+        let iv: Array<U8, 4> = vm.alloc().unwrap();
+
+        if let Role::Prover = role {
+            vm.mark_private(key).unwrap();
+            vm.mark_private(iv).unwrap();
+
+            vm.assign(key, key_value).unwrap();
+            vm.assign(iv, iv_value).unwrap();
+        } else {
+            vm.mark_blind(key).unwrap();
+            vm.mark_blind(iv).unwrap();
+        }
+
+        vm.commit(key).unwrap();
+        vm.commit(iv).unwrap();
+
+        (key, iv)
+    }
+
+    #[fixture]
+    fn decoding() -> (RangeSet<usize>, RangeSet<usize>) {
+        let sent = 600..1600;
+        let recv = 4000..4200;
+
+        (sent.into(), recv.into())
+    }
+
+    #[fixture]
+    fn encoding() -> Vec<(Direction, RangeSet<usize>)> {
+        let sent = 800..2000;
+        let recv = 5000..5800;
+
+        let encoding = vec![
+            (Direction::Sent, sent.into()),
+            (Direction::Received, recv.into()),
+        ];
+        encoding
+    }
+
+    #[fixture]
+    fn hashes() -> Vec<(Direction, RangeSet<usize>, HashAlgId)> {
+        let sent = 2600..3700;
+        let recv = 6800..RECV_LEN;
+
+        let alg = HashAlgId::SHA256;
+
+        let hashes = vec![
+            (Direction::Sent, sent.into(), alg),
+            (Direction::Received, recv.into(), alg),
+        ];
+        hashes
+    }
+
+    fn vms() -> (Prover<IdealRCOTReceiver>, Verifier<IdealRCOTSender>) {
+        let mut rng = StdRng::seed_from_u64(0);
+        let delta = Delta::random(&mut rng);
+
+        let (ot_send, ot_recv) = ideal_rcot(rng.random(), delta.into_inner());
+
+        let prover = Prover::new(ProverConfig::default(), ot_recv);
+        let verifier = Verifier::new(VerifierConfig::default(), delta, ot_send);
+
+        (prover, verifier)
+    }
+
+    #[fixture]
+    fn transcript() -> TlsTranscript {
+        let sent = LIBER_PRIMUS.as_bytes()[..SENT_LEN].to_vec();
+
+        let mut recv = lipsum(RECV_LEN).into_bytes();
+        recv.truncate(RECV_LEN);
+
+        tlsn_core::fixtures::transcript::transcript_fixture(&sent, &recv)
+    }
+
+    #[fixture]
+    fn forged() -> TlsTranscript {
+        const WRONG_BYTE_INDEX: usize = 610;
+
+        let mut sent = LIBER_PRIMUS.as_bytes()[..SENT_LEN].to_vec();
+        sent[WRONG_BYTE_INDEX] = sent[WRONG_BYTE_INDEX].wrapping_add(1);
+
+        let mut recv = lipsum(RECV_LEN).into_bytes();
+        recv.truncate(RECV_LEN);
+
+        tlsn_core::fixtures::transcript::transcript_fixture(&sent, &recv)
+    }
+
+    #[fixture]
+    fn transcript_refs(transcript: TlsTranscript) -> TranscriptRefs {
+        let sent_len = transcript
+            .sent()
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|record| {
+                if matches!(record.typ, ContentType::ApplicationData) {
+                    Some(record.ciphertext.len())
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            })
+            .sum();
+        let recv_len = transcript
+            .recv()
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|record| {
+                if matches!(record.typ, ContentType::ApplicationData) {
+                    Some(record.ciphertext.len())
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            })
+            .sum();
+
+        TranscriptRefs::new(sent_len, recv_len)
+    }
+
+    const SENT_LEN: usize = 4096;
+    const RECV_LEN: usize = 8192;
+}

crates/tlsn/src/commit/decode.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,615 @@
+//! Selective disclosure.
+
+use mpz_memory_core::{
+    Array, MemoryExt,
+    binary::{Binary, U8},
+};
+use mpz_vm_core::Vm;
+use rangeset::{Intersection, RangeSet, Subset, Union};
+use tlsn_core::transcript::{ContentType, Direction, PartialTranscript, TlsTranscript};
+
+use crate::commit::TranscriptRefs;
+
+/// Decodes parts of the transcript.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `vm` - The virtual machine.
+/// * `key` - The server write key.
+/// * `iv` - The server write iv.
+/// * `decoding_ranges` - The decoding ranges.
+/// * `transcript_refs` - The transcript references.
+pub(crate) fn decode_transcript(
+    vm: &mut dyn Vm<Binary>,
+    key: Array<U8, 16>,
+    iv: Array<U8, 4>,
+    decoding_ranges: (&RangeSet<usize>, &RangeSet<usize>),
+    transcript_refs: &mut TranscriptRefs,
+) -> Result<(), DecodeError> {
+    let (sent, recv) = decoding_ranges;
+
+    let sent_refs = transcript_refs.get(Direction::Sent, sent);
+    for slice in sent_refs.into_iter() {
+        // Drop the future, we don't need it.
+        drop(vm.decode(slice).map_err(DecodeError::vm));
+    }
+
+    transcript_refs.mark_decoded(Direction::Sent, sent);
+
+    // If possible use server write key for decoding.
+    let fully_decoded = recv.union(&transcript_refs.decoded(Direction::Received));
+    let full_range = 0..transcript_refs.max_len(Direction::Received);
+
+    if fully_decoded == full_range {
+        // Drop the future, we don't need it.
+        drop(vm.decode(key).map_err(DecodeError::vm)?);
+        drop(vm.decode(iv).map_err(DecodeError::vm)?);
+
+        transcript_refs.mark_decoded(Direction::Received, &full_range.into());
+    } else {
+        let recv_refs = transcript_refs.get(Direction::Received, recv);
+        for slice in recv_refs {
+            // Drop the future, we don't need it.
+            drop(vm.decode(slice).map_err(DecodeError::vm));
+        }
+
+        transcript_refs.mark_decoded(Direction::Received, recv);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Verifies parts of the transcript.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `vm` - The virtual machine.
+/// * `key` - The server write key.
+/// * `iv` - The server write iv.
+/// * `decoding_ranges` - The decoding ranges.
+/// * `partial` - The partial transcript.
+/// * `transcript_refs` - The transcript references.
+/// * `transcript` - The TLS transcript.
+pub(crate) fn verify_transcript(
+    vm: &mut dyn Vm<Binary>,
+    key: Array<U8, 16>,
+    iv: Array<U8, 4>,
+    decoding_ranges: (&RangeSet<usize>, &RangeSet<usize>),
+    partial: Option<&PartialTranscript>,
+    transcript_refs: &mut TranscriptRefs,
+    transcript: &TlsTranscript,
+) -> Result<(), DecodeError> {
+    let Some(partial) = partial else {
+        return Err(DecodeError(ErrorRepr::MissingPartialTranscript));
+    };
+    let (sent, recv) = decoding_ranges;
+    let mut authenticated_data = Vec::new();
+
+    // Add sent transcript parts.
+    let sent_refs = transcript_refs.get(Direction::Sent, sent);
+    for data in sent_refs.into_iter() {
+        let plaintext = vm
+            .get(data)
+            .map_err(DecodeError::vm)?
+            .ok_or(DecodeError(ErrorRepr::MissingPlaintext))?;
+        authenticated_data.extend_from_slice(&plaintext);
+    }
+
+    // Add received transcript parts, if possible using key and iv.
+    if let (Some(key), Some(iv)) = (
+        vm.get(key).map_err(DecodeError::vm)?,
+        vm.get(iv).map_err(DecodeError::vm)?,
+    ) {
+        let plaintext = verify_with_keys(key, iv, recv, transcript)?;
+        authenticated_data.extend_from_slice(&plaintext);
+    } else {
+        let recv_refs = transcript_refs.get(Direction::Received, recv);
+        for data in recv_refs {
+            let plaintext = vm
+                .get(data)
+                .map_err(DecodeError::vm)?
+                .ok_or(DecodeError(ErrorRepr::MissingPlaintext))?;
+            authenticated_data.extend_from_slice(&plaintext);
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut purported_data = Vec::with_capacity(authenticated_data.len());
+
+    for range in sent.iter_ranges() {
+        purported_data.extend_from_slice(&partial.sent_unsafe()[range]);
+    }
+    for range in recv.iter_ranges() {
+        purported_data.extend_from_slice(&partial.received_unsafe()[range]);
+    }
+
+    if purported_data != authenticated_data {
+        return Err(DecodeError(ErrorRepr::InconsistentTranscript));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Checks the transcript length.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `partial` - The partial transcript.
+/// * `transcript` - The TLS transcript.
+pub(crate) fn check_transcript_length(
+    partial: Option<&PartialTranscript>,
+    transcript: &TlsTranscript,
+) -> Result<(), DecodeError> {
+    let Some(partial) = partial else {
+        return Err(DecodeError(ErrorRepr::MissingPartialTranscript));
+    };
+
+    let sent_len: usize = transcript
+        .sent()
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|record| {
+            if matches!(record.typ, ContentType::ApplicationData) {
+                Some(record.ciphertext.len())
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        })
+        .sum();
+    let recv_len: usize = transcript
+        .recv()
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|record| {
+            if matches!(record.typ, ContentType::ApplicationData) {
+                Some(record.ciphertext.len())
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        })
+        .sum();
+
+    // Check ranges.
+    if partial.len_sent() != sent_len || partial.len_received() != recv_len {
+        return Err(DecodeError(ErrorRepr::VerifyTranscriptLength));
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn verify_with_keys(
+    key: [u8; 16],
+    iv: [u8; 4],
+    decoding_ranges: &RangeSet<usize>,
+    transcript: &TlsTranscript,
+) -> Result<Vec<u8>, DecodeError> {
+    let mut plaintexts = Vec::with_capacity(decoding_ranges.len());
+    let mut position = 0_usize;
+
+    let recv_data = transcript
+        .recv()
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|record| record.typ == ContentType::ApplicationData);
+
+    for record in recv_data {
+        let current = position..position + record.ciphertext.len();
+
+        if !current.is_subset(decoding_ranges) {
+            position += record.ciphertext.len();
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let nonce = record
+            .explicit_nonce
+            .clone()
+            .try_into()
+            .expect("explicit nonce should be 8 bytes");
+        let plaintext = aes_apply_keystream(key, iv, nonce, &record.ciphertext);
+
+        let record_decoding_range = decoding_ranges.intersection(&current);
+        for r in record_decoding_range.iter_ranges() {
+            let shifted = r.start - position..r.end - position;
+            plaintexts.extend_from_slice(&plaintext[shifted]);
+        }
+
+        position += record.ciphertext.len()
+    }
+    Ok(plaintexts)
+}
+
+fn aes_apply_keystream(key: [u8; 16], iv: [u8; 4], explicit_nonce: [u8; 8], msg: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    use aes::Aes128;
+    use cipher_crypto::{KeyIvInit, StreamCipher, StreamCipherSeek};
+    use ctr::Ctr32BE;
+
+    let start_ctr = 2;
+    let mut full_iv = [0u8; 16];
+    full_iv[0..4].copy_from_slice(&iv);
+    full_iv[4..12].copy_from_slice(&explicit_nonce);
+
+    let mut cipher = Ctr32BE::<Aes128>::new(&key.into(), &full_iv.into());
+    let mut out = msg.to_vec();
+
+    cipher
+        .try_seek(start_ctr * 16)
+        .expect("start counter is less than keystream length");
+    cipher.apply_keystream(&mut out);
+
+    out
+}
+
+/// A decoding error.
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+#[error("decode error: {0}")]
+pub(crate) struct DecodeError(#[source] ErrorRepr);
+
+impl DecodeError {
+    fn vm<E>(err: E) -> Self
+    where
+        E: Into<Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static>>,
+    {
+        Self(ErrorRepr::Vm(err.into()))
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+enum ErrorRepr {
+    #[error("vm error: {0}")]
+    Vm(Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static>),
+    #[error("missing partial transcript")]
+    MissingPartialTranscript,
+    #[error("length of partial transcript does not match expected length")]
+    VerifyTranscriptLength,
+    #[error("provided transcript does not match exptected")]
+    InconsistentTranscript,
+    #[error("trying to get plaintext, but it is missing")]
+    MissingPlaintext,
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use crate::{
+        Role,
+        commit::{
+            TranscriptRefs,
+            decode::{DecodeError, ErrorRepr, decode_transcript, verify_transcript},
+        },
+    };
+    use lipsum::{LIBER_PRIMUS, lipsum};
+    use mpz_common::context::test_st_context;
+    use mpz_garble_core::Delta;
+    use mpz_memory_core::{
+        Array, MemoryExt, Vector, ViewExt,
+        binary::{Binary, U8},
+    };
+    use mpz_ot::ideal::rcot::{IdealRCOTReceiver, IdealRCOTSender, ideal_rcot};
+    use mpz_vm_core::{Execute, Vm};
+    use mpz_zk::{Prover, ProverConfig, Verifier, VerifierConfig};
+    use rand::{Rng, SeedableRng, rngs::StdRng};
+    use rangeset::{RangeSet, UnionMut};
+    use rstest::{fixture, rstest};
+    use tlsn_core::{
+        fixtures::transcript::{IV, KEY},
+        transcript::{ContentType, Direction, PartialTranscript, TlsTranscript},
+    };
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_decode(
+        decoding: (RangeSet<usize>, RangeSet<usize>),
+        transcript: TlsTranscript,
+        transcript_refs: TranscriptRefs,
+    ) {
+        let partial = partial(&transcript, decoding.clone());
+        decode(decoding, partial, transcript, transcript_refs)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_decode_fail(
+        decoding: (RangeSet<usize>, RangeSet<usize>),
+        forged: TlsTranscript,
+        transcript: TlsTranscript,
+        transcript_refs: TranscriptRefs,
+    ) {
+        let partial = partial(&forged, decoding.clone());
+        let err = decode(decoding, partial, transcript, transcript_refs)
+            .await
+            .unwrap_err();
+
+        assert!(matches!(err.0, ErrorRepr::InconsistentTranscript));
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_decode_all(
+        decoding_full: (RangeSet<usize>, RangeSet<usize>),
+        transcript: TlsTranscript,
+        transcript_refs: TranscriptRefs,
+    ) {
+        let partial = partial(&transcript, decoding_full.clone());
+        decode(decoding_full, partial, transcript, transcript_refs)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_decode_all_fail(
+        decoding_full: (RangeSet<usize>, RangeSet<usize>),
+        forged: TlsTranscript,
+        transcript: TlsTranscript,
+        transcript_refs: TranscriptRefs,
+    ) {
+        let partial = partial(&forged, decoding_full.clone());
+        let err = decode(decoding_full, partial, transcript, transcript_refs)
+            .await
+            .unwrap_err();
+
+        assert!(matches!(err.0, ErrorRepr::InconsistentTranscript));
+    }
+
+    async fn decode(
+        decoding: (RangeSet<usize>, RangeSet<usize>),
+        partial: PartialTranscript,
+        transcript: TlsTranscript,
+        transcript_refs: TranscriptRefs,
+    ) -> Result<(), DecodeError> {
+        let (sent, recv) = decoding;
+
+        let (mut ctx_p, mut ctx_v) = test_st_context(8);
+        let (mut prover, mut verifier) = vms();
+
+        let mut transcript_refs_verifier = transcript_refs.clone();
+        let mut transcript_refs_prover = transcript_refs;
+
+        let key: [u8; 16] = KEY;
+        let iv: [u8; 4] = IV;
+
+        let (key_prover, iv_prover) = assign_keys(&mut prover, key, iv, Role::Prover);
+        let (key_verifier, iv_verifier) = assign_keys(&mut verifier, key, iv, Role::Verifier);
+
+        assign_transcript(
+            &mut prover,
+            Role::Prover,
+            &transcript,
+            &mut transcript_refs_prover,
+        );
+        assign_transcript(
+            &mut verifier,
+            Role::Verifier,
+            &transcript,
+            &mut transcript_refs_verifier,
+        );
+
+        decode_transcript(
+            &mut prover,
+            key_prover,
+            iv_prover,
+            (&sent, &recv),
+            &mut transcript_refs_prover,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        decode_transcript(
+            &mut verifier,
+            key_verifier,
+            iv_verifier,
+            (&sent, &recv),
+            &mut transcript_refs_verifier,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        tokio::try_join!(
+            prover.execute_all(&mut ctx_p),
+            verifier.execute_all(&mut ctx_v),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        verify_transcript(
+            &mut verifier,
+            key_verifier,
+            iv_verifier,
+            (&sent, &recv),
+            Some(&partial),
+            &mut transcript_refs_verifier,
+            &transcript,
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn assign_keys(
+        vm: &mut dyn Vm<Binary>,
+        key_value: [u8; 16],
+        iv_value: [u8; 4],
+        role: Role,
+    ) -> (Array<U8, 16>, Array<U8, 4>) {
+        let key: Array<U8, 16> = vm.alloc().unwrap();
+        let iv: Array<U8, 4> = vm.alloc().unwrap();
+
+        if let Role::Prover = role {
+            vm.mark_private(key).unwrap();
+            vm.mark_private(iv).unwrap();
+
+            vm.assign(key, key_value).unwrap();
+            vm.assign(iv, iv_value).unwrap();
+        } else {
+            vm.mark_blind(key).unwrap();
+            vm.mark_blind(iv).unwrap();
+        }
+
+        vm.commit(key).unwrap();
+        vm.commit(iv).unwrap();
+
+        (key, iv)
+    }
+
+    fn assign_transcript(
+        vm: &mut dyn Vm<Binary>,
+        role: Role,
+        transcript: &TlsTranscript,
+        transcript_refs: &mut TranscriptRefs,
+    ) {
+        let mut pos = 0_usize;
+
+        let sent = transcript
+            .sent()
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|record| record.typ == ContentType::ApplicationData);
+
+        for record in sent {
+            let len = record.ciphertext.len();
+
+            let cipher_ref: Vector<U8> = vm.alloc_vec(len).unwrap();
+            vm.mark_public(cipher_ref).unwrap();
+            vm.assign(cipher_ref, record.ciphertext.clone()).unwrap();
+            vm.commit(cipher_ref).unwrap();
+
+            let plaintext_ref: Vector<U8> = vm.alloc_vec(len).unwrap();
+            if let Role::Prover = role {
+                vm.mark_private(plaintext_ref).unwrap();
+                vm.assign(plaintext_ref, record.plaintext.clone().unwrap())
+                    .unwrap();
+            } else {
+                vm.mark_blind(plaintext_ref).unwrap();
+            }
+            vm.commit(plaintext_ref).unwrap();
+
+            let index = pos..pos + record.ciphertext.len();
+            transcript_refs.add(Direction::Sent, &index, plaintext_ref);
+
+            pos += record.ciphertext.len();
+        }
+
+        pos = 0;
+
+        let recv = transcript
+            .recv()
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|record| record.typ == ContentType::ApplicationData);
+
+        for record in recv {
+            let len = record.ciphertext.len();
+
+            let cipher_ref: Vector<U8> = vm.alloc_vec(len).unwrap();
+            vm.mark_public(cipher_ref).unwrap();
+            vm.assign(cipher_ref, record.ciphertext.clone()).unwrap();
+            vm.commit(cipher_ref).unwrap();
+
+            let plaintext_ref: Vector<U8> = vm.alloc_vec(len).unwrap();
+            if let Role::Prover = role {
+                vm.mark_private(plaintext_ref).unwrap();
+                vm.assign(plaintext_ref, record.plaintext.clone().unwrap())
+                    .unwrap();
+            } else {
+                vm.mark_blind(plaintext_ref).unwrap();
+            }
+            vm.commit(plaintext_ref).unwrap();
+
+            let index = pos..pos + record.ciphertext.len();
+            transcript_refs.add(Direction::Received, &index, plaintext_ref);
+
+            pos += record.ciphertext.len();
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn partial(
+        transcript: &TlsTranscript,
+        decoding: (RangeSet<usize>, RangeSet<usize>),
+    ) -> PartialTranscript {
+        let (sent, recv) = decoding;
+
+        transcript.to_transcript().unwrap().to_partial(sent, recv)
+    }
+
+    #[fixture]
+    fn decoding() -> (RangeSet<usize>, RangeSet<usize>) {
+        let mut sent = RangeSet::default();
+        let mut recv = RangeSet::default();
+
+        sent.union_mut(&(600..1100));
+        sent.union_mut(&(3450..4000));
+
+        recv.union_mut(&(2000..3000));
+        recv.union_mut(&(4800..4900));
+        recv.union_mut(&(6000..7000));
+
+        (sent, recv)
+    }
+
+    #[fixture]
+    fn decoding_full(transcript: TlsTranscript) -> (RangeSet<usize>, RangeSet<usize>) {
+        let transcript = transcript.to_transcript().unwrap();
+        let (len_sent, len_recv) = transcript.len();
+
+        let sent = (0..len_sent).into();
+        let recv = (0..len_recv).into();
+
+        (sent, recv)
+    }
+
+    #[fixture]
+    fn transcript() -> TlsTranscript {
+        let sent = LIBER_PRIMUS.as_bytes()[..SENT_LEN].to_vec();
+
+        let mut recv = lipsum(RECV_LEN).into_bytes();
+        recv.truncate(RECV_LEN);
+
+        tlsn_core::fixtures::transcript::transcript_fixture(&sent, &recv)
+    }
+
+    #[fixture]
+    fn forged() -> TlsTranscript {
+        const WRONG_BYTE_INDEX: usize = 2200;
+
+        let sent = LIBER_PRIMUS.as_bytes()[..SENT_LEN].to_vec();
+
+        let mut recv = lipsum(RECV_LEN).into_bytes();
+        recv.truncate(RECV_LEN);
+        recv[WRONG_BYTE_INDEX] = recv[WRONG_BYTE_INDEX].wrapping_add(1);
+
+        tlsn_core::fixtures::transcript::transcript_fixture(&sent, &recv)
+    }
+
+    #[fixture]
+    fn transcript_refs(transcript: TlsTranscript) -> TranscriptRefs {
+        let sent_len = transcript
+            .sent()
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|record| {
+                if let ContentType::ApplicationData = record.typ {
+                    Some(record.ciphertext.len())
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            })
+            .sum::<usize>();
+
+        let recv_len = transcript
+            .recv()
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|record| {
+                if let ContentType::ApplicationData = record.typ {
+                    Some(record.ciphertext.len())
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            })
+            .sum::<usize>();
+
+        TranscriptRefs::new(sent_len, recv_len)
+    }
+
+    fn vms() -> (Prover<IdealRCOTReceiver>, Verifier<IdealRCOTSender>) {
+        let mut rng = StdRng::seed_from_u64(0);
+        let delta = Delta::random(&mut rng);
+
+        let (ot_send, ot_recv) = ideal_rcot(rng.random(), delta.into_inner());
+
+        let prover = Prover::new(ProverConfig::default(), ot_recv);
+        let verifier = Verifier::new(VerifierConfig::default(), delta, ot_send);
+
+        (prover, verifier)
+    }
+
+    const SENT_LEN: usize = 4096;
+    const RECV_LEN: usize = 8192;
+}

crates/tlsn/src/commit/encoding.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,530 @@
+//! Encoding commitment protocol.
+
+use std::ops::Range;
+
+use mpz_memory_core::{
+    MemoryType, Vector,
+    binary::{Binary, U8},
+};
+use mpz_vm_core::Vm;
+use rangeset::{RangeSet, Subset, UnionMut};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use tlsn_core::{
+    hash::{Blake3, HashAlgId, HashAlgorithm, Keccak256, Sha256, TypedHash},
+    transcript::{
+        Direction,
+        encoding::{
+            Encoder, EncoderSecret, EncodingProvider, EncodingProviderError, EncodingTree,
+            EncodingTreeError, new_encoder,
+        },
+    },
+};
+
+use crate::commit::transcript::TranscriptRefs;
+
+/// Bytes of encoding, per byte.
+pub(crate) const ENCODING_SIZE: usize = 128;
+
+pub(crate) trait EncodingVm<T: MemoryType>: EncodingMemory<T> + Vm<T> {}
+
+impl<T: MemoryType, U> EncodingVm<T> for U where U: EncodingMemory<T> + Vm<T> {}
+
+pub(crate) trait EncodingMemory<T: MemoryType> {
+    fn get_encodings(&self, values: &[Vector<U8>]) -> Vec<u8>;
+}
+
+impl<T> EncodingMemory<Binary> for mpz_zk::Prover<T> {
+    fn get_encodings(&self, values: &[Vector<U8>]) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let len = values.iter().map(|v| v.len()).sum::<usize>() * ENCODING_SIZE;
+        let mut encodings = Vec::with_capacity(len);
+
+        for &v in values {
+            let macs = self.get_macs(v).expect("macs should be available");
+            encodings.extend(macs.iter().flat_map(|mac| mac.as_bytes()));
+        }
+        encodings
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> EncodingMemory<Binary> for mpz_zk::Verifier<T> {
+    fn get_encodings(&self, values: &[Vector<U8>]) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let len = values.iter().map(|v| v.len()).sum::<usize>() * ENCODING_SIZE;
+        let mut encodings = Vec::with_capacity(len);
+
+        for &v in values {
+            let keys = self.get_keys(v).expect("keys should be available");
+            encodings.extend(keys.iter().flat_map(|key| key.as_block().as_bytes()));
+        }
+        encodings
+    }
+}
+
+/// The encoding adjustments.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub(crate) struct Encodings {
+    pub(crate) sent: Vec<u8>,
+    pub(crate) recv: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+/// Creates encoding commitments.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct EncodingCreator {
+    hash_id: Option<HashAlgId>,
+    sent: RangeSet<usize>,
+    recv: RangeSet<usize>,
+    idxs: Vec<(Direction, RangeSet<usize>)>,
+}
+
+impl EncodingCreator {
+    /// Creates a new encoding creator.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `hash_id` - The id of the hash algorithm.
+    /// * `idxs` - The indices for encoding commitments.
+    pub(crate) fn new(hash_id: Option<HashAlgId>, idxs: Vec<(Direction, RangeSet<usize>)>) -> Self {
+        let mut sent = RangeSet::default();
+        let mut recv = RangeSet::default();
+
+        for (direction, idx) in idxs.iter() {
+            for range in idx.iter_ranges() {
+                match direction {
+                    Direction::Sent => sent.union_mut(&range),
+                    Direction::Received => recv.union_mut(&range),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Self {
+            hash_id,
+            sent,
+            recv,
+            idxs,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Receives the encodings using the provided MACs from the encoding memory.
+    ///
+    /// The MACs must be consistent with the global delta used in the encodings.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `encoding_mem` - The encoding memory.
+    /// * `encodings` - The encoding adjustments.
+    /// * `transcript_refs` - The transcript references.
+    pub(crate) fn receive(
+        &self,
+        encoding_mem: &dyn EncodingMemory<Binary>,
+        encodings: Encodings,
+        transcript_refs: &TranscriptRefs,
+    ) -> Result<(TypedHash, EncodingTree), EncodingError> {
+        let Some(id) = self.hash_id else {
+            return Err(EncodingError(ErrorRepr::MissingHashId));
+        };
+
+        let hasher: &(dyn HashAlgorithm + Send + Sync) = match id {
+            HashAlgId::SHA256 => &Sha256::default(),
+            HashAlgId::KECCAK256 => &Keccak256::default(),
+            HashAlgId::BLAKE3 => &Blake3::default(),
+            alg => {
+                return Err(EncodingError(ErrorRepr::UnsupportedHashAlg(alg)));
+            }
+        };
+
+        let Encodings {
+            sent: mut sent_adjust,
+            recv: mut recv_adjust,
+        } = encodings;
+
+        let sent_refs = transcript_refs.get(Direction::Sent, &self.sent);
+        let sent = encoding_mem.get_encodings(&sent_refs);
+
+        let recv_refs = transcript_refs.get(Direction::Received, &self.recv);
+        let recv = encoding_mem.get_encodings(&recv_refs);
+
+        adjust(&sent, &recv, &mut sent_adjust, &mut recv_adjust)?;
+
+        let provider = Provider::new(sent_adjust, &self.sent, recv_adjust, &self.recv);
+
+        let tree = EncodingTree::new(hasher, self.idxs.iter(), &provider)?;
+        let root = tree.root();
+
+        Ok((root, tree))
+    }
+
+    /// Transfers the encodings using the provided secret and keys from the
+    /// encoding memory.
+    ///
+    /// The keys must be consistent with the global delta used in the encodings.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `encoding_mem` - The encoding memory.
+    /// * `secret` -  The encoder secret.
+    /// * `transcript_refs` - The transcript references.
+    pub(crate) fn transfer(
+        &self,
+        encoding_mem: &dyn EncodingMemory<Binary>,
+        secret: EncoderSecret,
+        transcript_refs: &TranscriptRefs,
+    ) -> Result<Encodings, EncodingError> {
+        let encoder = new_encoder(&secret);
+
+        let mut sent_zero = Vec::with_capacity(self.sent.len() * ENCODING_SIZE);
+        let mut recv_zero = Vec::with_capacity(self.recv.len() * ENCODING_SIZE);
+
+        for range in self.sent.iter_ranges() {
+            encoder.encode_range(Direction::Sent, range, &mut sent_zero);
+        }
+
+        for range in self.recv.iter_ranges() {
+            encoder.encode_range(Direction::Received, range, &mut recv_zero);
+        }
+
+        let sent_refs = transcript_refs.get(Direction::Sent, &self.sent);
+        let sent = encoding_mem.get_encodings(&sent_refs);
+
+        let recv_refs = transcript_refs.get(Direction::Received, &self.recv);
+        let recv = encoding_mem.get_encodings(&recv_refs);
+
+        adjust(&sent, &recv, &mut sent_zero, &mut recv_zero)?;
+        let encodings = Encodings {
+            sent: sent_zero,
+            recv: recv_zero,
+        };
+
+        Ok(encodings)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Adjust encodings by transcript references.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `sent` - The encodings for the sent bytes.
+/// * `recv` - The encodings for the received bytes.
+/// * `sent_adjust` - The adjustment bytes for the encodings of the sent bytes.
+/// * `recv_adjust` - The adjustment bytes for the encodings of the received
+///   bytes.
+fn adjust(
+    sent: &[u8],
+    recv: &[u8],
+    sent_adjust: &mut [u8],
+    recv_adjust: &mut [u8],
+) -> Result<(), EncodingError> {
+    assert_eq!(sent.len() % ENCODING_SIZE, 0);
+    assert_eq!(recv.len() % ENCODING_SIZE, 0);
+
+    if sent_adjust.len() != sent.len() {
+        return Err(ErrorRepr::IncorrectAdjustCount {
+            direction: Direction::Sent,
+            expected: sent.len(),
+            got: sent_adjust.len(),
+        }
+        .into());
+    }
+
+    if recv_adjust.len() != recv.len() {
+        return Err(ErrorRepr::IncorrectAdjustCount {
+            direction: Direction::Received,
+            expected: recv.len(),
+            got: recv_adjust.len(),
+        }
+        .into());
+    }
+
+    sent_adjust
+        .iter_mut()
+        .zip(sent)
+        .for_each(|(adjust, enc)| *adjust ^= enc);
+    recv_adjust
+        .iter_mut()
+        .zip(recv)
+        .for_each(|(adjust, enc)| *adjust ^= enc);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Provider {
+    sent: Vec<u8>,
+    sent_range: RangeSet<usize>,
+    recv: Vec<u8>,
+    recv_range: RangeSet<usize>,
+}
+
+impl Provider {
+    fn new(
+        sent: Vec<u8>,
+        sent_range: &RangeSet<usize>,
+        recv: Vec<u8>,
+        recv_range: &RangeSet<usize>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        assert_eq!(
+            sent.len(),
+            sent_range.len() * ENCODING_SIZE,
+            "length of sent encodings and their index length do not match"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            recv.len(),
+            recv_range.len() * ENCODING_SIZE,
+            "length of received encodings and their index length do not match"
+        );
+
+        Self {
+            sent,
+            sent_range: sent_range.clone(),
+            recv,
+            recv_range: recv_range.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn adjust(
+        &self,
+        direction: Direction,
+        range: &Range<usize>,
+    ) -> Result<Range<usize>, EncodingProviderError> {
+        let internal_range = match direction {
+            Direction::Sent => &self.sent_range,
+            Direction::Received => &self.recv_range,
+        };
+
+        if !range.is_subset(internal_range) {
+            return Err(EncodingProviderError);
+        }
+
+        let shift = internal_range
+            .iter()
+            .take_while(|&el| el < range.start)
+            .count();
+
+        let translated = Range {
+            start: shift,
+            end: shift + range.len(),
+        };
+
+        Ok(translated)
+    }
+}
+
+impl EncodingProvider for Provider {
+    fn provide_encoding(
+        &self,
+        direction: Direction,
+        range: Range<usize>,
+        dest: &mut Vec<u8>,
+    ) -> Result<(), EncodingProviderError> {
+        let encodings = match direction {
+            Direction::Sent => &self.sent,
+            Direction::Received => &self.recv,
+        };
+
+        let range = self.adjust(direction, &range)?;
+
+        let start = range.start * ENCODING_SIZE;
+        let end = range.end * ENCODING_SIZE;
+
+        dest.extend_from_slice(&encodings[start..end]);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Encoding protocol error.
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+#[error(transparent)]
+pub(crate) struct EncodingError(#[from] ErrorRepr);
+
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+#[error("encoding protocol error: {0}")]
+enum ErrorRepr {
+    #[error("incorrect adjustment count for {direction}: expected {expected}, got {got}")]
+    IncorrectAdjustCount {
+        direction: Direction,
+        expected: usize,
+        got: usize,
+    },
+    #[error("encoding tree error: {0}")]
+    EncodingTree(EncodingTreeError),
+    #[error("missing hash id")]
+    MissingHashId,
+    #[error("unsupported hash algorithm for encoding commitment: {0}")]
+    UnsupportedHashAlg(HashAlgId),
+}
+
+impl From<EncodingTreeError> for EncodingError {
+    fn from(value: EncodingTreeError) -> Self {
+        Self(ErrorRepr::EncodingTree(value))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::ops::Range;
+
+    use crate::commit::{
+        encoding::{ENCODING_SIZE, EncodingCreator, Encodings, Provider},
+        transcript::TranscriptRefs,
+    };
+    use mpz_core::Block;
+    use mpz_garble_core::Delta;
+    use mpz_memory_core::{
+        FromRaw, Slice, ToRaw, Vector,
+        binary::{Binary, U8},
+    };
+    use rangeset::{RangeSet, UnionMut};
+    use rstest::{fixture, rstest};
+    use tlsn_core::{
+        hash::{HashAlgId, HashProvider},
+        transcript::{
+            Direction,
+            encoding::{EncoderSecret, EncodingCommitment, EncodingProvider},
+        },
+    };
+
+    #[rstest]
+    fn test_encoding_adjust(
+        index: (RangeSet<usize>, RangeSet<usize>),
+        transcript_refs: TranscriptRefs,
+        encoding_idxs: Vec<(Direction, RangeSet<usize>)>,
+    ) {
+        let creator = EncodingCreator::new(Some(HashAlgId::SHA256), encoding_idxs);
+
+        let mock_memory = MockEncodingMemory;
+
+        let delta = Delta::new(Block::ONES);
+        let seed = [1_u8; 32];
+        let secret = EncoderSecret::new(seed, delta.as_block().to_bytes());
+
+        let adjustments = creator
+            .transfer(&mock_memory, secret, &transcript_refs)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let (root, tree) = creator
+            .receive(&mock_memory, adjustments, &transcript_refs)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // Check correctness of encoding protocol.
+        let mut idxs = Vec::new();
+
+        let (sent_range, recv_range) = index;
+        idxs.push((Direction::Sent, sent_range.clone()));
+        idxs.push((Direction::Received, recv_range.clone()));
+
+        let commitment = EncodingCommitment { root, secret };
+        let proof = tree.proof(idxs.iter()).unwrap();
+
+        // Here we set the trancscript plaintext to just be zeroes, which is possible
+        // because it is not determined by the encodings so far.
+        let sent = vec![0_u8; transcript_refs.max_len(Direction::Sent)];
+        let recv = vec![0_u8; transcript_refs.max_len(Direction::Received)];
+
+        let (idx_sent, idx_recv) = proof
+            .verify_with_provider(&HashProvider::default(), &commitment, &sent, &recv)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(idx_sent, idxs[0].1);
+        assert_eq!(idx_recv, idxs[1].1);
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    fn test_encoding_provider(index: (RangeSet<usize>, RangeSet<usize>), encodings: Encodings) {
+        let (sent_range, recv_range) = index;
+        let Encodings { sent, recv } = encodings;
+
+        let provider = Provider::new(sent, &sent_range, recv, &recv_range);
+
+        let mut encodings_sent = Vec::new();
+        let mut encodings_recv = Vec::new();
+
+        provider
+            .provide_encoding(Direction::Sent, 16..24, &mut encodings_sent)
+            .unwrap();
+        provider
+            .provide_encoding(Direction::Received, 56..64, &mut encodings_recv)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let expected_sent = generate_encodings((16..24).into());
+        let expected_recv = generate_encodings((56..64).into());
+
+        assert_eq!(expected_sent, encodings_sent);
+        assert_eq!(expected_recv, encodings_recv);
+    }
+
+    #[fixture]
+    fn transcript_refs(index: (RangeSet<usize>, RangeSet<usize>)) -> TranscriptRefs {
+        let mut transcript_refs = TranscriptRefs::new(40, 64);
+
+        let dummy = |range: Range<usize>| {
+            Vector::<U8>::from_raw(Slice::from_range_unchecked(8 * range.start..8 * range.end))
+        };
+
+        for range in index.0.iter_ranges() {
+            transcript_refs.add(Direction::Sent, &range, dummy(range.clone()));
+        }
+
+        for range in index.1.iter_ranges() {
+            transcript_refs.add(Direction::Received, &range, dummy(range.clone()));
+        }
+
+        transcript_refs
+    }
+
+    #[fixture]
+    fn encodings(index: (RangeSet<usize>, RangeSet<usize>)) -> Encodings {
+        let sent = generate_encodings(index.0);
+        let recv = generate_encodings(index.1);
+
+        Encodings { sent, recv }
+    }
+
+    #[fixture]
+    fn encoding_idxs(
+        index: (RangeSet<usize>, RangeSet<usize>),
+    ) -> Vec<(Direction, RangeSet<usize>)> {
+        let (sent, recv) = index;
+
+        vec![(Direction::Sent, sent), (Direction::Received, recv)]
+    }
+
+    #[fixture]
+    fn index() -> (RangeSet<usize>, RangeSet<usize>) {
+        let mut sent = RangeSet::default();
+        sent.union_mut(&(0..8));
+        sent.union_mut(&(16..24));
+        sent.union_mut(&(32..40));
+
+        let mut recv = RangeSet::default();
+        recv.union_mut(&(40..48));
+        recv.union_mut(&(56..64));
+
+        (sent, recv)
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+    struct MockEncodingMemory;
+
+    impl EncodingMemory<Binary> for MockEncodingMemory {
+        fn get_encodings(&self, values: &[Vector<U8>]) -> Vec<u8> {
+            let ranges: Vec<Range<usize>> = values
+                .iter()
+                .map(|r| {
+                    let range = r.to_raw().to_range();
+                    range.start / 8..range.end / 8
+                })
+                .collect();
+            let ranges: RangeSet<usize> = ranges.into();
+
+            generate_encodings(ranges)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn generate_encodings(index: RangeSet<usize>) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut out = Vec::new();
+        for el in index.iter() {
+            out.extend_from_slice(&[el as u8; ENCODING_SIZE]);
+        }
+        out
+    }
+}

crates/tlsn/src/commit/hash.rs

@@ -20,34 +20,171 @@ use tlsn_core::{
 
 use crate::{Role, commit::transcript::TranscriptRefs};
 
-/// Future which will resolve to the committed hash values.
+/// Creates plaintext hashes.
 #[derive(Debug)]
-
-pub(crate) struct HashCommitFuture {
-    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
-    futs: Vec<(
-        Direction,
-        RangeSet<usize>,
-        HashAlgId,
-        DecodeFutureTyped<BitVec, Vec<u8>>,
-    )>,
+pub(crate) struct PlaintextHasher {
+    ranges: Vec<HashRange>,
 }
 
-impl HashCommitFuture {
+impl PlaintextHasher {
+    /// Creates a new instance.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `indices` - The hash indices.
+    pub(crate) fn new<'a>(
+        indices: impl Iterator<Item = &'a (Direction, RangeSet<usize>, HashAlgId)>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut ranges = Vec::new();
+
+        for (direction, index, id) in indices {
+            let hash_range = HashRange::new(*direction, index.clone(), *id);
+            ranges.push(hash_range);
+        }
+
+        Self { ranges }
+    }
+
+    /// Prove plaintext hash commitments.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `vm` - The virtual machine.
+    /// * `transcript_refs` - The transcript references.
+    pub(crate) fn prove(
+        &self,
+        vm: &mut dyn Vm<Binary>,
+        transcript_refs: &TranscriptRefs,
+    ) -> Result<(HashFuture, Vec<PlaintextHashSecret>), HashCommitError> {
+        let (hash_refs, blinders) = commit(vm, &self.ranges, Role::Prover, transcript_refs)?;
+
+        let mut futures = Vec::new();
+        let mut secrets = Vec::new();
+
+        for ((range, hash_ref), blinder_ref) in self.ranges.iter().zip(hash_refs).zip(blinders) {
+            let blinder: Blinder = rand::random();
+
+            vm.assign(blinder_ref, blinder.as_bytes().to_vec())?;
+            vm.commit(blinder_ref)?;
+
+            let hash_fut = vm.decode(Vector::<U8>::from(hash_ref))?;
+
+            futures.push((range.clone(), hash_fut));
+            secrets.push(PlaintextHashSecret {
+                direction: range.direction,
+                idx: range.range.clone(),
+                blinder,
+                alg: range.id,
+            });
+        }
+
+        let hashes = HashFuture { futures };
+        Ok((hashes, secrets))
+    }
+
+    /// Verify plaintext hash commitments.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `vm` - The virtual machine.
+    /// * `transcript_refs` - The transcript references.
+    pub(crate) fn verify(
+        &self,
+        vm: &mut dyn Vm<Binary>,
+        transcript_refs: &TranscriptRefs,
+    ) -> Result<HashFuture, HashCommitError> {
+        let (hash_refs, blinders) = commit(vm, &self.ranges, Role::Verifier, transcript_refs)?;
+
+        let mut futures = Vec::new();
+
+        for ((range, hash_ref), blinder) in self.ranges.iter().zip(hash_refs).zip(blinders) {
+            vm.commit(blinder)?;
+
+            let hash_fut = vm.decode(Vector::<U8>::from(hash_ref))?;
+            futures.push((range.clone(), hash_fut))
+        }
+
+        let hashes = HashFuture { futures };
+        Ok(hashes)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Commit plaintext hashes of the transcript.
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+fn commit(
+    vm: &mut dyn Vm<Binary>,
+    ranges: &[HashRange],
+    role: Role,
+    refs: &TranscriptRefs,
+) -> Result<(Vec<Array<U8, 32>>, Vec<Vector<U8>>), HashCommitError> {
+    let mut hashers = HashMap::new();
+    let mut hash_refs = Vec::new();
+    let mut blinders = Vec::new();
+
+    for HashRange {
+        direction,
+        range,
+        id,
+    } in ranges.iter()
+    {
+        let blinder = vm.alloc_vec::<U8>(16)?;
+        match role {
+            Role::Prover => vm.mark_private(blinder)?,
+            Role::Verifier => vm.mark_blind(blinder)?,
+        }
+
+        let hash = match *id {
+            HashAlgId::SHA256 => {
+                let mut hasher = if let Some(hasher) = hashers.get(id).cloned() {
+                    hasher
+                } else {
+                    let hasher = Sha256::new_with_init(vm).map_err(HashCommitError::hasher)?;
+                    hashers.insert(id, hasher.clone());
+                    hasher
+                };
+
+                for plaintext in refs.get(*direction, range) {
+                    hasher.update(&plaintext);
+                }
+
+                hasher.update(&blinder);
+                hasher.finalize(vm).map_err(HashCommitError::hasher)?
+            }
+            id => {
+                return Err(HashCommitError::unsupported_alg(id));
+            }
+        };
+
+        hash_refs.push(hash);
+        blinders.push(blinder);
+    }
+
+    Ok((hash_refs, blinders))
+}
+
+/// Future which will resolve to the committed hash values.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct HashFuture {
+    futures: Vec<(HashRange, DecodeFutureTyped<BitVec, Vec<u8>>)>,
+}
+
+impl HashFuture {
     /// Tries to receive the value, returning an error if the value is not
     /// ready.
     pub(crate) fn try_recv(self) -> Result<Vec<PlaintextHash>, HashCommitError> {
         let mut output = Vec::new();
-        for (direction, idx, alg, mut fut) in self.futs {
+
+        for (hash_range, mut fut) in self.futures {
             let hash = fut
                 .try_recv()
                 .map_err(|_| HashCommitError::decode())?
                 .ok_or_else(HashCommitError::decode)?;
+
             output.push(PlaintextHash {
-                direction,
-                idx,
+                direction: hash_range.direction,
+                idx: hash_range.range,
                 hash: TypedHash {
-                    alg,
+                    alg: hash_range.id,
                     value: Hash::try_from(hash).map_err(HashCommitError::convert)?,
                 },
             });
@@ -57,107 +194,21 @@ impl HashCommitFuture {
     }
 }
 
-/// Prove plaintext hash commitments.
-pub(crate) fn prove_hash(
-    vm: &mut dyn Vm<Binary>,
-    refs: &TranscriptRefs,
-    idxs: impl IntoIterator<Item = (Direction, RangeSet<usize>, HashAlgId)>,
-) -> Result<(HashCommitFuture, Vec<PlaintextHashSecret>), HashCommitError> {
-    let mut futs = Vec::new();
-    let mut secrets = Vec::new();
-    for (direction, idx, alg, hash_ref, blinder_ref) in
-        hash_commit_inner(vm, Role::Prover, refs, idxs)?
-    {
-        let blinder: Blinder = rand::random();
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct HashRange {
+    direction: Direction,
+    range: RangeSet<usize>,
+    id: HashAlgId,
+}
 
-        vm.assign(blinder_ref, blinder.as_bytes().to_vec())?;
-        vm.commit(blinder_ref)?;
-
-        let hash_fut = vm.decode(Vector::<U8>::from(hash_ref))?;
-
-        futs.push((direction, idx.clone(), alg, hash_fut));
-        secrets.push(PlaintextHashSecret {
+impl HashRange {
+    fn new(direction: Direction, range: RangeSet<usize>, id: HashAlgId) -> Self {
+        Self {
             direction,
-            idx,
-            blinder,
-            alg,
-        });
-    }
-
-    Ok((HashCommitFuture { futs }, secrets))
-}
-
-/// Verify plaintext hash commitments.
-pub(crate) fn verify_hash(
-    vm: &mut dyn Vm<Binary>,
-    refs: &TranscriptRefs,
-    idxs: impl IntoIterator<Item = (Direction, RangeSet<usize>, HashAlgId)>,
-) -> Result<HashCommitFuture, HashCommitError> {
-    let mut futs = Vec::new();
-    for (direction, idx, alg, hash_ref, blinder_ref) in
-        hash_commit_inner(vm, Role::Verifier, refs, idxs)?
-    {
-        vm.commit(blinder_ref)?;
-
-        let hash_fut = vm.decode(Vector::<U8>::from(hash_ref))?;
-
-        futs.push((direction, idx, alg, hash_fut));
-    }
-
-    Ok(HashCommitFuture { futs })
-}
-
-/// Commit plaintext hashes of the transcript.
-#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
-fn hash_commit_inner(
-    vm: &mut dyn Vm<Binary>,
-    role: Role,
-    refs: &TranscriptRefs,
-    idxs: impl IntoIterator<Item = (Direction, RangeSet<usize>, HashAlgId)>,
-) -> Result<
-    Vec<(
-        Direction,
-        RangeSet<usize>,
-        HashAlgId,
-        Array<U8, 32>,
-        Vector<U8>,
-    )>,
-    HashCommitError,
-> {
-    let mut output = Vec::new();
-    let mut hashers = HashMap::new();
-    for (direction, idx, alg) in idxs {
-        let blinder = vm.alloc_vec::<U8>(16)?;
-        match role {
-            Role::Prover => vm.mark_private(blinder)?,
-            Role::Verifier => vm.mark_blind(blinder)?,
+            range,
+            id,
         }
-
-        let hash = match alg {
-            HashAlgId::SHA256 => {
-                let mut hasher = if let Some(hasher) = hashers.get(&alg).cloned() {
-                    hasher
-                } else {
-                    let hasher = Sha256::new_with_init(vm).map_err(HashCommitError::hasher)?;
-                    hashers.insert(alg, hasher.clone());
-                    hasher
-                };
-
-                for plaintext in refs.get(direction, &idx).expect("plaintext refs are valid") {
-                    hasher.update(&plaintext);
-                }
-                hasher.update(&blinder);
-                hasher.finalize(vm).map_err(HashCommitError::hasher)?
-            }
-            alg => {
-                return Err(HashCommitError::unsupported_alg(alg));
-            }
-        };
-
-        output.push((direction, idx, alg, hash, blinder));
     }
-
-    Ok(output)
 }
 
 /// Error type for hash commitments.
@@ -206,3 +257,148 @@ impl From<VmError> for HashCommitError {
         Self(ErrorRepr::Vm(value))
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use crate::{
+        Role,
+        commit::{hash::PlaintextHasher, transcript::TranscriptRefs},
+    };
+    use mpz_common::context::test_st_context;
+    use mpz_garble_core::Delta;
+    use mpz_memory_core::{
+        MemoryExt, Vector, ViewExt,
+        binary::{Binary, U8},
+    };
+    use mpz_ot::ideal::rcot::{IdealRCOTReceiver, IdealRCOTSender, ideal_rcot};
+    use mpz_vm_core::{Execute, Vm};
+    use mpz_zk::{Prover, ProverConfig, Verifier, VerifierConfig};
+    use rand::{Rng, SeedableRng, rngs::StdRng};
+    use rangeset::{RangeSet, UnionMut};
+    use rstest::{fixture, rstest};
+    use sha2::Digest;
+    use tlsn_core::{hash::HashAlgId, transcript::Direction};
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_hasher() {
+        let mut sent1 = RangeSet::default();
+        sent1.union_mut(&(1..6));
+        sent1.union_mut(&(11..16));
+
+        let mut sent2 = RangeSet::default();
+        sent2.union_mut(&(22..25));
+
+        let mut recv = RangeSet::default();
+        recv.union_mut(&(20..25));
+
+        let hash_ranges = [
+            (Direction::Sent, sent1, HashAlgId::SHA256),
+            (Direction::Sent, sent2, HashAlgId::SHA256),
+            (Direction::Received, recv, HashAlgId::SHA256),
+        ];
+
+        let mut refs_prover = TranscriptRefs::new(1000, 1000);
+        let mut refs_verifier = TranscriptRefs::new(1000, 1000);
+        let values = [
+            b"abcde".to_vec(),
+            b"vwxyz".to_vec(),
+            b"xxx".to_vec(),
+            b"12345".to_vec(),
+        ];
+
+        let (mut ctx_p, mut ctx_v) = test_st_context(8);
+        let (mut prover, mut verifier) = vms();
+
+        let mut values_iter = values.iter();
+
+        for (direction, idx, _) in hash_ranges.iter() {
+            for range in idx.iter_ranges() {
+                let value = values_iter.next().unwrap();
+
+                let ref_prover = assign(Role::Prover, &mut prover, value.clone());
+                refs_prover.add(*direction, &range, ref_prover);
+
+                let ref_verifier = assign(Role::Verifier, &mut verifier, value.clone());
+                refs_verifier.add(*direction, &range, ref_verifier);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let hasher_prover = PlaintextHasher::new(hash_ranges.iter());
+        let hasher_verifier = PlaintextHasher::new(hash_ranges.iter());
+
+        tokio::try_join!(
+            prover.execute_all(&mut ctx_p),
+            verifier.execute_all(&mut ctx_v)
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let (prover_hashes, prover_secrets) =
+            hasher_prover.prove(&mut prover, &refs_prover).unwrap();
+        let verifier_hashes = hasher_verifier
+            .verify(&mut verifier, &refs_verifier)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        tokio::try_join!(
+            prover.execute_all(&mut ctx_p),
+            verifier.execute_all(&mut ctx_v)
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let prover_hashes = prover_hashes.try_recv().unwrap();
+        let verifier_hashes = verifier_hashes.try_recv().unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(prover_hashes, verifier_hashes);
+
+        let values_per_commitment = [b"abcdevwxyz".to_vec(), b"xxx".to_vec(), b"12345".to_vec()];
+
+        for ((value, hash), secret) in values_per_commitment
+            .iter()
+            .zip(prover_hashes)
+            .zip(prover_secrets)
+        {
+            let blinder = secret.blinder.as_bytes();
+            let mut blinded_value = value.clone();
+            blinded_value.extend_from_slice(blinder);
+            let expected_hash = sha256(&blinded_value);
+
+            let hash: Vec<u8> = hash.hash.value.into();
+
+            assert_eq!(expected_hash, hash);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn assign(role: Role, vm: &mut dyn Vm<Binary>, value: Vec<u8>) -> Vector<U8> {
+        let reference: Vector<U8> = vm.alloc_vec(value.len()).unwrap();
+
+        if let Role::Prover = role {
+            vm.mark_private(reference).unwrap();
+            vm.assign(reference, value).unwrap();
+        } else {
+            vm.mark_blind(reference).unwrap();
+        }
+
+        vm.commit(reference).unwrap();
+
+        reference
+    }
+
+    fn sha256(data: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut hasher = sha2::Sha256::default();
+        hasher.update(data);
+        hasher.finalize().as_slice().to_vec()
+    }
+
+    #[fixture]
+    fn vms() -> (Prover<IdealRCOTReceiver>, Verifier<IdealRCOTSender>) {
+        let mut rng = StdRng::seed_from_u64(0);
+        let delta = Delta::random(&mut rng);
+
+        let (ot_send, ot_recv) = ideal_rcot(rng.random(), delta.into_inner());
+
+        let prover = Prover::new(ProverConfig::default(), ot_recv);
+        let verifier = Verifier::new(VerifierConfig::default(), delta, ot_send);
+
+        (prover, verifier)
+    }
+}

crates/tlsn/src/commit/transcript.rs

@@ -1,211 +1,473 @@
-use mpz_memory_core::{
-    MemoryExt, Vector,
-    binary::{Binary, U8},
-};
-use mpz_vm_core::{Vm, VmError};
-use rangeset::{Intersection, RangeSet};
-use tlsn_core::transcript::{Direction, PartialTranscript};
+//! Transcript reference storage.
+
+use std::ops::Range;
+
+use mpz_memory_core::{FromRaw, Slice, ToRaw, Vector, binary::U8};
+use rangeset::{Difference, Disjoint, RangeSet, Subset, UnionMut};
+use tlsn_core::transcript::Direction;
 
 /// References to the application plaintext in the transcript.
-#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub(crate) struct TranscriptRefs {
-    sent: Vec<Vector<U8>>,
-    recv: Vec<Vector<U8>>,
+    sent: RefStorage,
+    recv: RefStorage,
 }
 
 impl TranscriptRefs {
-    pub(crate) fn new(sent: Vec<Vector<U8>>, recv: Vec<Vector<U8>>) -> Self {
+    /// Creates a new instance.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// `sent_max_len` - The maximum length of the sent transcript in bytes.
+    /// `recv_max_len` - The maximum length of the received transcript in bytes.
+    pub(crate) fn new(sent_max_len: usize, recv_max_len: usize) -> Self {
+        let sent = RefStorage::new(sent_max_len);
+        let recv = RefStorage::new(recv_max_len);
+
         Self { sent, recv }
     }
 
-    /// Returns the sent plaintext references.
-    pub(crate) fn sent(&self) -> &[Vector<U8>] {
-        &self.sent
+    /// Adds new references to the transcript refs.
+    ///
+    /// New transcript references are only added if none of them are already
+    /// present.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `direction` - The direction of the transcript.
+    /// * `index` - The index of the transcript references.
+    /// * `refs` - The new transcript refs.
+    pub(crate) fn add(&mut self, direction: Direction, index: &Range<usize>, refs: Vector<U8>) {
+        match direction {
+            Direction::Sent => self.sent.add(index, refs),
+            Direction::Received => self.recv.add(index, refs),
+        }
     }
 
-    /// Returns the received plaintext references.
-    pub(crate) fn recv(&self) -> &[Vector<U8>] {
-        &self.recv
+    /// Marks references of the transcript as decoded.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `direction` - The direction of the transcript.
+    /// * `index` - The index of the transcript references.
+    pub(crate) fn mark_decoded(&mut self, direction: Direction, index: &RangeSet<usize>) {
+        match direction {
+            Direction::Sent => self.sent.mark_decoded(index),
+            Direction::Received => self.recv.mark_decoded(index),
+        }
     }
 
-    /// Returns the transcript lengths.
-    pub(crate) fn len(&self) -> (usize, usize) {
-        let sent = self.sent.iter().map(|v| v.len()).sum();
-        let recv = self.recv.iter().map(|v| v.len()).sum();
-
-        (sent, recv)
+    /// Returns plaintext references for some index.
+    ///
+    /// Queries that cannot or only partially be satisfied will return an empty
+    /// vector.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `direction` - The direction of the transcript.
+    /// * `index` - The index of the transcript references.
+    pub(crate) fn get(&self, direction: Direction, index: &RangeSet<usize>) -> Vec<Vector<U8>> {
+        match direction {
+            Direction::Sent => self.sent.get(index),
+            Direction::Received => self.recv.get(index),
+        }
     }
 
-    /// Returns VM references for the given direction and index, otherwise
-    /// `None` if the index is out of bounds.
-    pub(crate) fn get(
+    /// Computes the subset of `index` which is missing.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `direction` - The direction of the transcript.
+    /// * `index` - The index of the transcript references.
+    pub(crate) fn compute_missing(
         &self,
         direction: Direction,
-        idx: &RangeSet<usize>,
-    ) -> Option<Vec<Vector<U8>>> {
-        if idx.is_empty() {
-            return Some(Vec::new());
+        index: &RangeSet<usize>,
+    ) -> RangeSet<usize> {
+        match direction {
+            Direction::Sent => self.sent.compute_missing(index),
+            Direction::Received => self.recv.compute_missing(index),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the maximum length of the transcript.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `direction` - The direction of the transcript.
+    pub(crate) fn max_len(&self, direction: Direction) -> usize {
+        match direction {
+            Direction::Sent => self.sent.max_len(),
+            Direction::Received => self.recv.max_len(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the decoded ranges of the transcript.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `direction` - The direction of the transcript.
+    pub(crate) fn decoded(&self, direction: Direction) -> RangeSet<usize> {
+        match direction {
+            Direction::Sent => self.sent.decoded(),
+            Direction::Received => self.recv.decoded(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the set ranges of the transcript.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `direction` - The direction of the transcript.
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub(crate) fn index(&self, direction: Direction) -> RangeSet<usize> {
+        match direction {
+            Direction::Sent => self.sent.index(),
+            Direction::Received => self.recv.index(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Inner storage for transcript references.
+///
+/// Saves transcript references by maintaining an `index` and an `offset`. The
+/// offset translates from `index` to some memory location and contains
+/// information about possibly non-contigious memory locations. The storage is
+/// bit-addressed but the API works with ranges over bytes.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct RefStorage {
+    index: RangeSet<usize>,
+    decoded: RangeSet<usize>,
+    offset: Vec<isize>,
+    max_len: usize,
+}
+
+impl RefStorage {
+    fn new(max_len: usize) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            index: RangeSet::default(),
+            decoded: RangeSet::default(),
+            offset: Vec::default(),
+            max_len: 8 * max_len,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn add(&mut self, index: &Range<usize>, data: Vector<U8>) {
+        assert!(
+            index.start < index.end,
+            "Range should be valid for adding to reference storage"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            index.len(),
+            data.len(),
+            "Provided index and vm references should have the same length"
+        );
+        let bit_index = 8 * index.start..8 * index.end;
+
+        assert!(
+            bit_index.is_disjoint(&self.index),
+            "Parts of the provided index have already been computed"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            bit_index.end <= self.max_len,
+            "Provided index should be smaller than max_len"
+        );
+
+        if bit_index.end > self.offset.len() {
+            self.offset.resize(bit_index.end, 0);
         }
 
-        let refs = match direction {
-            Direction::Sent => &self.sent,
-            Direction::Received => &self.recv,
-        };
+        let mem_address = data.to_raw().ptr().as_usize() as isize;
+        let offset = mem_address - bit_index.start as isize;
 
-        // Computes the transcript range for each reference.
-        let mut start = 0;
-        let mut slice_iter = refs.iter().map(move |slice| {
-            let out = (slice, start..start + slice.len());
-            start += slice.len();
-            out
-        });
+        self.index.union_mut(&bit_index);
+        self.offset[bit_index].fill(offset);
+    }
 
-        let mut slices = Vec::new();
-        let (mut slice, mut slice_range) = slice_iter.next()?;
-        for range in idx.iter_ranges() {
-            loop {
-                if let Some(intersection) = slice_range.intersection(&range) {
-                    let start = intersection.start - slice_range.start;
-                    let end = intersection.end - slice_range.start;
-                    slices.push(slice.get(start..end).expect("range should be in bounds"));
+    fn mark_decoded(&mut self, index: &RangeSet<usize>) {
+        let bit_index = to_bit_index(index);
+        self.decoded.union_mut(&bit_index);
+    }
+
+    fn get(&self, index: &RangeSet<usize>) -> Vec<Vector<U8>> {
+        let bit_index = to_bit_index(index);
+
+        if bit_index.is_empty() || !bit_index.is_subset(&self.index) {
+            return Vec::new();
+        }
+
+        // Partition rangeset into ranges mapping to possibly disjunct memory locations.
+        //
+        // If the offset changes during iteration of a single range, it means that the
+        // backing memory is non-contigious and we need to split that range.
+        let mut transcript_refs = Vec::new();
+
+        for idx in bit_index.iter_ranges() {
+            let mut start = idx.start;
+            let mut end = idx.start;
+            let mut offset = self.offset[start];
+
+            for k in idx {
+                let next_offset = self.offset[k];
+                if next_offset == offset {
+                    end += 1;
+                    continue;
                 }
 
-                // Proceed to next range if the current slice extends beyond. Otherwise, proceed
-                // to the next slice.
-                if range.end <= slice_range.end {
-                    break;
-                } else {
-                    (slice, slice_range) = slice_iter.next()?;
-                }
+                let len = end - start;
+
+                let ptr = (start as isize + offset) as usize;
+                let mem_ref = Slice::from_range_unchecked(ptr..ptr + len);
+                transcript_refs.push(Vector::from_raw(mem_ref));
+
+                start = k;
+                end = k + 1;
+                offset = next_offset;
             }
+            let len = end - start;
+
+            let ptr = (start as isize + offset) as usize;
+            let mem_ref = Slice::from_range_unchecked(ptr..ptr + len);
+
+            transcript_refs.push(Vector::from_raw(mem_ref));
         }
 
-        Some(slices)
+        transcript_refs
+    }
+
+    fn compute_missing(&self, index: &RangeSet<usize>) -> RangeSet<usize> {
+        let byte_index = to_byte_index(&self.index);
+        index.difference(&byte_index)
+    }
+
+    fn decoded(&self) -> RangeSet<usize> {
+        to_byte_index(&self.decoded)
+    }
+
+    fn max_len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.max_len / 8
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    fn index(&self) -> RangeSet<usize> {
+        to_byte_index(&self.index)
     }
 }
 
-/// Decodes the transcript.
-pub(crate) fn decode_transcript(
-    vm: &mut dyn Vm<Binary>,
-    sent: &RangeSet<usize>,
-    recv: &RangeSet<usize>,
-    refs: &TranscriptRefs,
-) -> Result<(), VmError> {
-    let sent_refs = refs.get(Direction::Sent, sent).expect("index is in bounds");
-    let recv_refs = refs
-        .get(Direction::Received, recv)
-        .expect("index is in bounds");
+fn to_bit_index(index: &RangeSet<usize>) -> RangeSet<usize> {
+    let mut bit_index = RangeSet::default();
 
-    for slice in sent_refs.into_iter().chain(recv_refs) {
-        // Drop the future, we don't need it.
-        drop(vm.decode(slice)?);
+    for r in index.iter_ranges() {
+        bit_index.union_mut(&(8 * r.start..8 * r.end));
     }
-
-    Ok(())
+    bit_index
 }
 
-/// Verifies a partial transcript.
-pub(crate) fn verify_transcript(
-    vm: &mut dyn Vm<Binary>,
-    transcript: &PartialTranscript,
-    refs: &TranscriptRefs,
-) -> Result<(), InconsistentTranscript> {
-    let sent_refs = refs
-        .get(Direction::Sent, transcript.sent_authed())
-        .expect("index is in bounds");
-    let recv_refs = refs
-        .get(Direction::Received, transcript.received_authed())
-        .expect("index is in bounds");
+fn to_byte_index(index: &RangeSet<usize>) -> RangeSet<usize> {
+    let mut byte_index = RangeSet::default();
 
-    let mut authenticated_data = Vec::new();
-    for data in sent_refs.into_iter().chain(recv_refs) {
-        let plaintext = vm
-            .get(data)
-            .expect("reference is valid")
-            .expect("plaintext is decoded");
-        authenticated_data.extend_from_slice(&plaintext);
+    for r in index.iter_ranges() {
+        let start = r.start;
+        let end = r.end;
+
+        assert!(
+            start.trailing_zeros() >= 3,
+            "start range should be divisible by 8"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            end.trailing_zeros() >= 3,
+            "end range should be divisible by 8"
+        );
+
+        let start = start >> 3;
+        let end = end >> 3;
+
+        byte_index.union_mut(&(start..end));
     }
 
-    let mut purported_data = Vec::with_capacity(authenticated_data.len());
-    for range in transcript.sent_authed().iter_ranges() {
-        purported_data.extend_from_slice(&transcript.sent_unsafe()[range]);
-    }
-
-    for range in transcript.received_authed().iter_ranges() {
-        purported_data.extend_from_slice(&transcript.received_unsafe()[range]);
-    }
-
-    if purported_data != authenticated_data {
-        return Err(InconsistentTranscript {});
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
+    byte_index
 }
 
-/// Error for [`verify_transcript`].
-#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-#[error("inconsistent transcript")]
-pub(crate) struct InconsistentTranscript {}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use super::TranscriptRefs;
-    use mpz_memory_core::{FromRaw, Slice, Vector, binary::U8};
-    use rangeset::RangeSet;
+    use crate::commit::transcript::RefStorage;
+    use mpz_memory_core::{FromRaw, Slice, ToRaw, Vector, binary::U8};
+    use rangeset::{RangeSet, UnionMut};
+    use rstest::{fixture, rstest};
     use std::ops::Range;
-    use tlsn_core::transcript::Direction;
 
-    // TRANSCRIPT_REFS:
-    //
-    // 48..96 -> 6 slots
-    // 112..176 -> 8 slots
-    // 240..288 -> 6 slots
-    // 352..392 -> 5 slots
-    // 440..480 -> 5 slots
-    const TRANSCRIPT_REFS: &[Range<usize>] = &[48..96, 112..176, 240..288, 352..392, 440..480];
+    #[rstest]
+    fn test_storage_add(
+        max_len: usize,
+        ranges: [Range<usize>; 6],
+        offsets: [isize; 6],
+        storage: RefStorage,
+    ) {
+        let bit_ranges: Vec<Range<usize>> = ranges.iter().map(|r| 8 * r.start..8 * r.end).collect();
+        let bit_offsets: Vec<isize> = offsets.iter().map(|o| 8 * o).collect();
 
-    const IDXS: &[Range<usize>] = &[0..4, 5..10, 14..16, 16..28];
+        let mut expected_index: RangeSet<usize> = RangeSet::default();
 
-    // 1. Take slots 0..4,   4  slots -> 48..80 (4)
-    // 2. Take slots 5..10,  5  slots -> 88..96 (1) + 112..144 (4)
-    // 3. Take slots 14..16, 2  slots -> 240..256 (2)
-    // 4. Take slots 16..28, 12 slots -> 256..288 (4) + 352..392 (5) + 440..464 (3)
-    //
-    // 5. Merge slots 240..256 and 256..288 => 240..288 and get EXPECTED_REFS
-    const EXPECTED_REFS: &[Range<usize>] =
-        &[48..80, 88..96, 112..144, 240..288, 352..392, 440..464];
+        expected_index.union_mut(&bit_ranges[0]);
+        expected_index.union_mut(&bit_ranges[1]);
 
-    #[test]
-    fn test_transcript_refs_get() {
-        let transcript_refs: Vec<Vector<U8>> = TRANSCRIPT_REFS
-            .iter()
-            .cloned()
-            .map(|range| Vector::from_raw(Slice::from_range_unchecked(range)))
-            .collect();
+        expected_index.union_mut(&bit_ranges[2]);
+        expected_index.union_mut(&bit_ranges[3]);
 
-        let transcript_refs = TranscriptRefs {
-            sent: transcript_refs.clone(),
-            recv: transcript_refs,
-        };
+        expected_index.union_mut(&bit_ranges[4]);
+        expected_index.union_mut(&bit_ranges[5]);
+        assert_eq!(storage.index, expected_index);
 
-        let vm_refs = transcript_refs
-            .get(Direction::Sent, &RangeSet::from(IDXS))
-            .unwrap();
+        let end = expected_index.end().unwrap();
+        let mut expected_offset = vec![0_isize; end];
 
-        let expected_refs: Vec<Vector<U8>> = EXPECTED_REFS
-            .iter()
-            .cloned()
-            .map(|range| Vector::from_raw(Slice::from_range_unchecked(range)))
-            .collect();
+        expected_offset[bit_ranges[0].clone()].fill(bit_offsets[0]);
+        expected_offset[bit_ranges[1].clone()].fill(bit_offsets[1]);
 
-        assert_eq!(
-            vm_refs.len(),
-            expected_refs.len(),
-            "Length of actual and expected refs are not equal"
-        );
+        expected_offset[bit_ranges[2].clone()].fill(bit_offsets[2]);
+        expected_offset[bit_ranges[3].clone()].fill(bit_offsets[3]);
 
-        for (&expected, actual) in expected_refs.iter().zip(vm_refs) {
-            assert_eq!(expected, actual);
+        expected_offset[bit_ranges[4].clone()].fill(bit_offsets[4]);
+        expected_offset[bit_ranges[5].clone()].fill(bit_offsets[5]);
+
+        assert_eq!(storage.offset, expected_offset);
+
+        assert_eq!(storage.decoded, RangeSet::default());
+        assert_eq!(storage.max_len, 8 * max_len);
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    fn test_storage_get(ranges: [Range<usize>; 6], offsets: [isize; 6], storage: RefStorage) {
+        let mut index = RangeSet::default();
+        ranges.iter().for_each(|r| index.union_mut(r));
+
+        let data = storage.get(&index);
+
+        let mut data_recovered = Vec::new();
+        for (r, o) in ranges.iter().zip(offsets) {
+            data_recovered.push(vec(r.start as isize + o..r.end as isize + o));
         }
+
+        // Merge possibly adjacent vectors.
+        //
+        // Two vectors are adjacent if
+        //
+        // - vectors are adjacent in memory.
+        // - transcript ranges of those vectors are adjacent, too.
+        let mut range_iter = ranges.iter();
+        let mut vec_iter = data_recovered.iter();
+        let mut data_expected = Vec::new();
+
+        let mut current_vec = vec_iter.next().unwrap().to_raw().to_range();
+        let mut current_range = range_iter.next().unwrap();
+
+        for (r, v) in range_iter.zip(vec_iter) {
+            let v_range = v.to_raw().to_range();
+            let start = v_range.start;
+            let end = v_range.end;
+
+            if current_vec.end == start && current_range.end == r.start {
+                current_vec.end = end;
+            } else {
+                let v = Vector::<U8>::from_raw(Slice::from_range_unchecked(current_vec));
+                data_expected.push(v);
+                current_vec = start..end;
+                current_range = r;
+            }
+        }
+        let v = Vector::<U8>::from_raw(Slice::from_range_unchecked(current_vec));
+        data_expected.push(v);
+        assert_eq!(data, data_expected);
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    fn test_storage_compute_missing(storage: RefStorage) {
+        let mut range = RangeSet::default();
+        range.union_mut(&(6..12));
+        range.union_mut(&(18..21));
+        range.union_mut(&(22..25));
+        range.union_mut(&(50..60));
+
+        let missing = storage.compute_missing(&range);
+
+        let mut missing_expected = RangeSet::default();
+        missing_expected.union_mut(&(8..12));
+        missing_expected.union_mut(&(20..21));
+        missing_expected.union_mut(&(50..60));
+
+        assert_eq!(missing, missing_expected);
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    fn test_mark_decoded(mut storage: RefStorage) {
+        let mut range = RangeSet::default();
+
+        range.union_mut(&(14..17));
+        range.union_mut(&(30..37));
+
+        storage.mark_decoded(&range);
+        let decoded = storage.decoded();
+
+        assert_eq!(range, decoded);
+    }
+
+    #[fixture]
+    fn max_len() -> usize {
+        1000
+    }
+
+    #[fixture]
+    fn ranges() -> [Range<usize>; 6] {
+        let r1 = 0..5;
+        let r2 = 5..8;
+        let r3 = 12..20;
+        let r4 = 22..26;
+        let r5 = 30..35;
+        let r6 = 35..38;
+
+        [r1, r2, r3, r4, r5, r6]
+    }
+
+    #[fixture]
+    fn offsets() -> [isize; 6] {
+        [7, 9, 20, 18, 30, 30]
+    }
+
+    // expected memory ranges: 8 * ranges + 8 * offsets
+    // 1. 56..96    do not merge with next one, because not adjacent in memory
+    // 2. 112..136
+    // 3. 256..320  do not merge with next one, adjacent in memory, but the ranges
+    //    itself are not
+    // 4. 320..352
+    // 5. 480..520  merge with next one
+    // 6  520..544
+    //
+    //
+    // 1. 56..96,   length: 5
+    // 2. 112..136, length: 3
+    // 3. 256..320, length: 8
+    // 4. 320..352, length: 4
+    // 5. 480..544, length: 8
+    #[fixture]
+    fn storage(max_len: usize, ranges: [Range<usize>; 6], offsets: [isize; 6]) -> RefStorage {
+        let [r1, r2, r3, r4, r5, r6] = ranges;
+        let [o1, o2, o3, o4, o5, o6] = offsets;
+
+        let mut storage = RefStorage::new(max_len);
+        storage.add(&r1, vec(r1.start as isize + o1..r1.end as isize + o1));
+        storage.add(&r2, vec(r2.start as isize + o2..r2.end as isize + o2));
+
+        storage.add(&r3, vec(r3.start as isize + o3..r3.end as isize + o3));
+        storage.add(&r4, vec(r4.start as isize + o4..r4.end as isize + o4));
+
+        storage.add(&r5, vec(r5.start as isize + o5..r5.end as isize + o5));
+        storage.add(&r6, vec(r6.start as isize + o6..r6.end as isize + o6));
+
+        storage
+    }
+
+    fn vec(range: Range<isize>) -> Vector<U8> {
+        let range = 8 * range.start as usize..8 * range.end as usize;
+        Vector::from_raw(Slice::from_range_unchecked(range))
     }
 }

crates/tlsn/src/encoding.rs

@@ -1,249 +0,0 @@
-//! Encoding commitment protocol.
-
-use std::ops::Range;
-
-use mpz_common::Context;
-use mpz_memory_core::{
-    Vector,
-    binary::U8,
-    correlated::{Delta, Key, Mac},
-};
-use rand::Rng;
-use rangeset::RangeSet;
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use serio::{SinkExt, stream::IoStreamExt};
-use tlsn_core::{
-    hash::HashAlgorithm,
-    transcript::{
-        Direction,
-        encoding::{
-            Encoder, EncoderSecret, EncodingCommitment, EncodingProvider, EncodingProviderError,
-            EncodingTree, EncodingTreeError, new_encoder,
-        },
-    },
-};
-
-use crate::commit::transcript::TranscriptRefs;
-
-/// Bytes of encoding, per byte.
-const ENCODING_SIZE: usize = 128;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-struct Encodings {
-    sent: Vec<u8>,
-    recv: Vec<u8>,
-}
-
-/// Transfers the encodings using the provided seed and keys.
-///
-/// The keys must be consistent with the global delta used in the encodings.
-pub(crate) async fn transfer<'a>(
-    ctx: &mut Context,
-    refs: &TranscriptRefs,
-    delta: &Delta,
-    f: impl Fn(Vector<U8>) -> &'a [Key],
-) -> Result<EncodingCommitment, EncodingError> {
-    let secret = EncoderSecret::new(rand::rng().random(), delta.as_block().to_bytes());
-    let encoder = new_encoder(&secret);
-
-    let sent_keys: Vec<u8> = refs
-        .sent()
-        .iter()
-        .copied()
-        .flat_map(&f)
-        .flat_map(|key| key.as_block().as_bytes())
-        .copied()
-        .collect();
-    let recv_keys: Vec<u8> = refs
-        .recv()
-        .iter()
-        .copied()
-        .flat_map(&f)
-        .flat_map(|key| key.as_block().as_bytes())
-        .copied()
-        .collect();
-
-    assert_eq!(sent_keys.len() % ENCODING_SIZE, 0);
-    assert_eq!(recv_keys.len() % ENCODING_SIZE, 0);
-
-    let mut sent_encoding = Vec::with_capacity(sent_keys.len());
-    let mut recv_encoding = Vec::with_capacity(recv_keys.len());
-
-    encoder.encode_range(
-        Direction::Sent,
-        0..sent_keys.len() / ENCODING_SIZE,
-        &mut sent_encoding,
-    );
-    encoder.encode_range(
-        Direction::Received,
-        0..recv_keys.len() / ENCODING_SIZE,
-        &mut recv_encoding,
-    );
-
-    sent_encoding
-        .iter_mut()
-        .zip(sent_keys)
-        .for_each(|(enc, key)| *enc ^= key);
-    recv_encoding
-        .iter_mut()
-        .zip(recv_keys)
-        .for_each(|(enc, key)| *enc ^= key);
-
-    // Set frame limit and add some extra bytes cushion room.
-    let (sent, recv) = refs.len();
-    let frame_limit = ENCODING_SIZE * (sent + recv) + ctx.io().limit();
-
-    ctx.io_mut()
-        .with_limit(frame_limit)
-        .send(Encodings {
-            sent: sent_encoding,
-            recv: recv_encoding,
-        })
-        .await?;
-
-    let root = ctx.io_mut().expect_next().await?;
-    ctx.io_mut().send(secret.clone()).await?;
-
-    Ok(EncodingCommitment {
-        root,
-        secret: secret.clone(),
-    })
-}
-
-/// Receives the encodings using the provided MACs.
-///
-/// The MACs must be consistent with the global delta used in the encodings.
-pub(crate) async fn receive<'a>(
-    ctx: &mut Context,
-    hasher: &(dyn HashAlgorithm + Send + Sync),
-    refs: &TranscriptRefs,
-    f: impl Fn(Vector<U8>) -> &'a [Mac],
-    idxs: impl IntoIterator<Item = &(Direction, RangeSet<usize>)>,
-) -> Result<(EncodingCommitment, EncodingTree), EncodingError> {
-    // Set frame limit and add some extra bytes cushion room.
-    let (sent, recv) = refs.len();
-    let frame_limit = ENCODING_SIZE * (sent + recv) + ctx.io().limit();
-
-    let Encodings { mut sent, mut recv } =
-        ctx.io_mut().with_limit(frame_limit).expect_next().await?;
-
-    let sent_macs: Vec<u8> = refs
-        .sent()
-        .iter()
-        .copied()
-        .flat_map(&f)
-        .flat_map(|mac| mac.as_bytes())
-        .copied()
-        .collect();
-    let recv_macs: Vec<u8> = refs
-        .recv()
-        .iter()
-        .copied()
-        .flat_map(&f)
-        .flat_map(|mac| mac.as_bytes())
-        .copied()
-        .collect();
-
-    assert_eq!(sent_macs.len() % ENCODING_SIZE, 0);
-    assert_eq!(recv_macs.len() % ENCODING_SIZE, 0);
-
-    if sent.len() != sent_macs.len() {
-        return Err(ErrorRepr::IncorrectMacCount {
-            direction: Direction::Sent,
-            expected: sent_macs.len(),
-            got: sent.len(),
-        }
-        .into());
-    }
-
-    if recv.len() != recv_macs.len() {
-        return Err(ErrorRepr::IncorrectMacCount {
-            direction: Direction::Received,
-            expected: recv_macs.len(),
-            got: recv.len(),
-        }
-        .into());
-    }
-
-    sent.iter_mut()
-        .zip(sent_macs)
-        .for_each(|(enc, mac)| *enc ^= mac);
-    recv.iter_mut()
-        .zip(recv_macs)
-        .for_each(|(enc, mac)| *enc ^= mac);
-
-    let provider = Provider { sent, recv };
-
-    let tree = EncodingTree::new(hasher, idxs, &provider)?;
-    let root = tree.root();
-
-    ctx.io_mut().send(root.clone()).await?;
-    let secret = ctx.io_mut().expect_next().await?;
-
-    let commitment = EncodingCommitment { root, secret };
-
-    Ok((commitment, tree))
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct Provider {
-    sent: Vec<u8>,
-    recv: Vec<u8>,
-}
-
-impl EncodingProvider for Provider {
-    fn provide_encoding(
-        &self,
-        direction: Direction,
-        range: Range<usize>,
-        dest: &mut Vec<u8>,
-    ) -> Result<(), EncodingProviderError> {
-        let encodings = match direction {
-            Direction::Sent => &self.sent,
-            Direction::Received => &self.recv,
-        };
-
-        let start = range.start * ENCODING_SIZE;
-        let end = range.end * ENCODING_SIZE;
-
-        if end > encodings.len() {
-            return Err(EncodingProviderError);
-        }
-
-        dest.extend_from_slice(&encodings[start..end]);
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-/// Encoding protocol error.
-#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-#[error(transparent)]
-pub struct EncodingError(#[from] ErrorRepr);
-
-#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-#[error("encoding protocol error: {0}")]
-enum ErrorRepr {
-    #[error("I/O error: {0}")]
-    Io(std::io::Error),
-    #[error("incorrect MAC count for {direction}: expected {expected}, got {got}")]
-    IncorrectMacCount {
-        direction: Direction,
-        expected: usize,
-        got: usize,
-    },
-    #[error("encoding tree error: {0}")]
-    EncodingTree(EncodingTreeError),
-}
-
-impl From<std::io::Error> for EncodingError {
-    fn from(value: std::io::Error) -> Self {
-        Self(ErrorRepr::Io(value))
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<EncodingTreeError> for EncodingError {
-    fn from(value: EncodingTreeError) -> Self {
-        Self(ErrorRepr::EncodingTree(value))
-    }
-}

crates/tlsn/src/lib.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 pub(crate) mod commit;
 pub mod config;
 pub(crate) mod context;
-pub(crate) mod encoding;
 pub(crate) mod ghash;
 pub(crate) mod msg;
 pub(crate) mod mux;

crates/tlsn/src/prover.rs

@@ -8,49 +8,41 @@ pub mod state;
 pub use config::{ProverConfig, ProverConfigBuilder, TlsConfig, TlsConfigBuilder};
 pub use error::ProverError;
 pub use future::ProverFuture;
-use rustls_pki_types::CertificateDer;
 pub use tlsn_core::{ProveConfig, ProveConfigBuilder, ProveConfigBuilderError, ProverOutput};
 
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use futures::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite, TryFutureExt};
+use mpc_tls::{LeaderCtrl, MpcTlsLeader, SessionKeys};
 use mpz_common::Context;
 use mpz_core::Block;
 use mpz_garble_core::Delta;
 use mpz_vm_core::prelude::*;
 use mpz_zk::ProverConfig as ZkProverConfig;
+use rand::Rng;
+use rustls_pki_types::CertificateDer;
+use serio::SinkExt;
+use tls_client::{ClientConnection, ServerName as TlsServerName};
+use tls_client_async::{TlsConnection, bind_client};
+use tlsn_core::{
+    ProveRequest,
+    connection::{HandshakeData, ServerName},
+    transcript::{TlsTranscript, Transcript},
+};
+use tlsn_deap::Deap;
+use tokio::sync::Mutex;
+use tracing::{Instrument, Span, debug, info, info_span, instrument};
 use webpki::anchor_from_trusted_cert;
 
 use crate::{
     Role,
-    commit::{
-        commit_records,
-        hash::prove_hash,
-        transcript::{TranscriptRefs, decode_transcript},
-    },
+    commit::{ProvingState, TranscriptRefs},
     context::build_mt_context,
-    encoding,
     mux::attach_mux,
     tag::verify_tags,
     zk_aes_ctr::ZkAesCtr,
 };
 
-use futures::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite, TryFutureExt};
-use mpc_tls::{LeaderCtrl, MpcTlsLeader, SessionKeys};
-use rand::Rng;
-use serio::SinkExt;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use tls_client::{ClientConnection, ServerName as TlsServerName};
-use tls_client_async::{TlsConnection, bind_client};
-use tls_core::msgs::enums::ContentType;
-use tlsn_core::{
-    ProvePayload,
-    connection::{HandshakeData, ServerName},
-    hash::{Blake3, HashAlgId, HashAlgorithm, Keccak256, Sha256},
-    transcript::{TlsTranscript, Transcript, TranscriptCommitment, TranscriptSecret},
-};
-use tlsn_deap::Deap;
-use tokio::sync::Mutex;
-
-use tracing::{Instrument, Span, debug, info, info_span, instrument};
-
 pub(crate) type RCOTSender = mpz_ot::rcot::shared::SharedRCOTSender<
     mpz_ot::kos::Sender<mpz_ot::chou_orlandi::Receiver>,
     mpz_core::Block,
@@ -173,8 +165,8 @@ impl Prover<state::Setup> {
             mux_ctrl,
             mut mux_fut,
             mpc_tls,
-            mut zk_aes_ctr_sent,
-            mut zk_aes_ctr_recv,
+            zk_aes_ctr_sent,
+            zk_aes_ctr_recv,
             keys,
             vm,
             ..
@@ -281,28 +273,6 @@ impl Prover<state::Setup> {
                 )
                 .map_err(ProverError::zk)?;
 
-                // Prove received plaintext. Prover drops the proof output, as
-                // they trust themselves.
-                let (sent_refs, _) = commit_records(
-                    &mut vm,
-                    &mut zk_aes_ctr_sent,
-                    tls_transcript
-                        .sent()
-                        .iter()
-                        .filter(|record| record.typ == ContentType::ApplicationData),
-                )
-                .map_err(ProverError::zk)?;
-
-                let (recv_refs, _) = commit_records(
-                    &mut vm,
-                    &mut zk_aes_ctr_recv,
-                    tls_transcript
-                        .recv()
-                        .iter()
-                        .filter(|record| record.typ == ContentType::ApplicationData),
-                )
-                .map_err(ProverError::zk)?;
-
                 mux_fut
                     .poll_with(vm.execute_all(&mut ctx).map_err(ProverError::zk))
                     .await?;
@@ -310,7 +280,9 @@ impl Prover<state::Setup> {
                 let transcript = tls_transcript
                     .to_transcript()
                     .expect("transcript is complete");
-                let transcript_refs = TranscriptRefs::new(sent_refs, recv_refs);
+
+                let (sent_len, recv_len) = transcript.len();
+                let transcript_refs = TranscriptRefs::new(sent_len, recv_len);
 
                 Ok(Prover {
                     config: self.config,
@@ -323,6 +295,10 @@ impl Prover<state::Setup> {
                         tls_transcript,
                         transcript,
                         transcript_refs,
+                        zk_aes_ctr_sent,
+                        zk_aes_ctr_recv,
+                        keys,
+                        encodings_transferred: false,
                     },
                 })
             }
@@ -356,7 +332,7 @@ impl Prover<state::Committed> {
     ///
     /// * `config` - The disclosure configuration.
     #[instrument(parent = &self.span, level = "info", skip_all, err)]
-    pub async fn prove(&mut self, config: &ProveConfig) -> Result<ProverOutput, ProverError> {
+    pub async fn prove(&mut self, config: ProveConfig) -> Result<ProverOutput, ProverError> {
         let state::Committed {
             mux_fut,
             ctx,
@@ -364,114 +340,48 @@ impl Prover<state::Committed> {
             tls_transcript,
             transcript,
             transcript_refs,
+            zk_aes_ctr_sent,
+            zk_aes_ctr_recv,
+            keys,
+            encodings_transferred,
             ..
         } = &mut self.state;
 
-        let mut output = ProverOutput {
-            transcript_commitments: Vec::new(),
-            transcript_secrets: Vec::new(),
-        };
+        // Create and send prove payload.
+        let server_name = self.config.server_name();
+        let handshake = config
+            .server_identity()
+            .then(|| (server_name.clone(), HandshakeData::new(tls_transcript)));
 
-        let partial_transcript = if let Some((sent, recv)) = config.reveal() {
-            decode_transcript(vm, sent, recv, transcript_refs).map_err(ProverError::zk)?;
-
-            Some(transcript.to_partial(sent.clone(), recv.clone()))
+        let partial = if let Some((reveal_sent, reveal_recv)) = config.reveal() {
+            Some(transcript.to_partial(reveal_sent.clone(), reveal_recv.clone()))
         } else {
             None
         };
 
-        let payload = ProvePayload {
-            handshake: config.server_identity().then(|| {
-                (
-                    self.config.server_name().clone(),
-                    HandshakeData {
-                        certs: tls_transcript
-                            .server_cert_chain()
-                            .expect("server cert chain is present")
-                            .to_vec(),
-                        sig: tls_transcript
-                            .server_signature()
-                            .expect("server signature is present")
-                            .clone(),
-                        binding: tls_transcript.certificate_binding().clone(),
-                    },
-                )
-            }),
-            transcript: partial_transcript,
-            transcript_commit: config.transcript_commit().map(|config| config.to_request()),
-        };
+        let payload = ProveRequest::new(&config, partial, handshake);
 
-        // Send payload.
         mux_fut
             .poll_with(ctx.io_mut().send(payload).map_err(ProverError::from))
             .await?;
 
-        let mut hash_commitments = None;
-        if let Some(commit_config) = config.transcript_commit() {
-            if commit_config.has_encoding() {
-                let hasher: &(dyn HashAlgorithm + Send + Sync) =
-                    match *commit_config.encoding_hash_alg() {
-                        HashAlgId::SHA256 => &Sha256::default(),
-                        HashAlgId::KECCAK256 => &Keccak256::default(),
-                        HashAlgId::BLAKE3 => &Blake3::default(),
-                        alg => {
-                            return Err(ProverError::config(format!(
-                                "unsupported hash algorithm for encoding commitment: {alg}"
-                            )));
-                        }
-                    };
+        let proving_state = ProvingState::for_prover(
+            config,
+            tls_transcript,
+            transcript,
+            transcript_refs,
+            *encodings_transferred,
+        );
 
-                let (commitment, tree) = mux_fut
-                    .poll_with(
-                        encoding::receive(
-                            ctx,
-                            hasher,
-                            transcript_refs,
-                            |plaintext| vm.get_macs(plaintext).expect("reference is valid"),
-                            commit_config.iter_encoding(),
-                        )
-                        .map_err(ProverError::commit),
-                    )
-                    .await?;
-
-                output
-                    .transcript_commitments
-                    .push(TranscriptCommitment::Encoding(commitment));
-                output
-                    .transcript_secrets
-                    .push(TranscriptSecret::Encoding(tree));
-            }
-
-            if commit_config.has_hash() {
-                hash_commitments = Some(
-                    prove_hash(
-                        vm,
-                        transcript_refs,
-                        commit_config
-                            .iter_hash()
-                            .map(|((dir, idx), alg)| (*dir, idx.clone(), *alg)),
-                    )
-                    .map_err(ProverError::commit)?,
-                );
-            }
-        }
-
-        mux_fut
-            .poll_with(vm.execute_all(ctx).map_err(ProverError::zk))
+        let (output, encodings_executed) = mux_fut
+            .poll_with(
+                proving_state
+                    .prove(vm, ctx, zk_aes_ctr_sent, zk_aes_ctr_recv, keys.clone())
+                    .map_err(ProverError::from),
+            )
             .await?;
 
-        if let Some((hash_fut, hash_secrets)) = hash_commitments {
-            let hash_commitments = hash_fut.try_recv().map_err(ProverError::commit)?;
-            for (commitment, secret) in hash_commitments.into_iter().zip(hash_secrets) {
-                output
-                    .transcript_commitments
-                    .push(TranscriptCommitment::Hash(commitment));
-                output
-                    .transcript_secrets
-                    .push(TranscriptSecret::Hash(secret));
-            }
-        }
-
+        *encodings_transferred = encodings_executed;
         Ok(output)
     }
 

crates/tlsn/src/prover/error.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-use std::{error::Error, fmt};
-
+use crate::{commit::CommitError, zk_aes_ctr::ZkAesCtrError};
 use mpc_tls::MpcTlsError;
-
-use crate::{encoding::EncodingError, zk_aes_ctr::ZkAesCtrError};
+use std::{error::Error, fmt};
 
 /// Error for [`Prover`](crate::Prover).
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
@@ -42,13 +40,6 @@ impl ProverError {
     {
         Self::new(ErrorKind::Zk, source)
     }
-
-    pub(crate) fn commit<E>(source: E) -> Self
-    where
-        E: Into<Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync + 'static>>,
-    {
-        Self::new(ErrorKind::Commit, source)
-    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -116,8 +107,8 @@ impl From<ZkAesCtrError> for ProverError {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<EncodingError> for ProverError {
-    fn from(e: EncodingError) -> Self {
+impl From<CommitError> for ProverError {
+    fn from(e: CommitError) -> Self {
         Self::new(ErrorKind::Commit, e)
     }
 }

crates/tlsn/src/prover/state.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use tlsn_deap::Deap;
 use tokio::sync::Mutex;
 
 use crate::{
-    commit::transcript::TranscriptRefs,
+    commit::TranscriptRefs,
     mux::{MuxControl, MuxFuture},
     prover::{Mpc, Zk},
     zk_aes_ctr::ZkAesCtr,
@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@ pub struct Committed {
     pub(crate) tls_transcript: TlsTranscript,
     pub(crate) transcript: Transcript,
     pub(crate) transcript_refs: TranscriptRefs,
+    pub(crate) zk_aes_ctr_sent: ZkAesCtr,
+    pub(crate) zk_aes_ctr_recv: ZkAesCtr,
+    pub(crate) keys: SessionKeys,
+    pub(crate) encodings_transferred: bool,
 }
 
 opaque_debug::implement!(Committed);

crates/tlsn/src/verifier.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 //! Verifier.
 
-pub(crate) mod config;
+mod config;
 mod error;
 pub mod state;
 
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
 pub use config::{VerifierConfig, VerifierConfigBuilder, VerifierConfigBuilderError};
 pub use error::VerifierError;
 pub use tlsn_core::{
@@ -13,20 +11,8 @@ pub use tlsn_core::{
     webpki::ServerCertVerifier,
 };
 
-use crate::{
-    Role,
-    commit::{
-        commit_records,
-        hash::verify_hash,
-        transcript::{TranscriptRefs, decode_transcript, verify_transcript},
-    },
-    config::ProtocolConfig,
-    context::build_mt_context,
-    encoding,
-    mux::attach_mux,
-    tag::verify_tags,
-    zk_aes_ctr::ZkAesCtr,
-};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
 use futures::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite, TryFutureExt};
 use mpc_tls::{MpcTlsFollower, SessionKeys};
 use mpz_common::Context;
@@ -35,17 +21,25 @@ use mpz_garble_core::Delta;
 use mpz_vm_core::prelude::*;
 use mpz_zk::VerifierConfig as ZkVerifierConfig;
 use serio::stream::IoStreamExt;
-use tls_core::msgs::enums::ContentType;
 use tlsn_core::{
-    ProvePayload,
+    ProveRequest,
     connection::{ConnectionInfo, ServerName},
-    transcript::{TlsTranscript, TranscriptCommitment},
+    transcript::{ContentType, TlsTranscript},
 };
 use tlsn_deap::Deap;
 use tokio::sync::Mutex;
-
 use tracing::{Span, debug, info, info_span, instrument};
 
+use crate::{
+    Role,
+    commit::{ProvingState, TranscriptRefs},
+    config::ProtocolConfig,
+    context::build_mt_context,
+    mux::attach_mux,
+    tag::verify_tags,
+    zk_aes_ctr::ZkAesCtr,
+};
+
 pub(crate) type RCOTSender = mpz_ot::rcot::shared::SharedRCOTSender<
     mpz_ot::ferret::Sender<mpz_ot::kos::Sender<mpz_ot::chou_orlandi::Receiver>>,
     mpz_core::Block,
@@ -188,8 +182,8 @@ impl Verifier<state::Setup> {
             mut mux_fut,
             delta,
             mpc_tls,
-            mut zk_aes_ctr_sent,
-            mut zk_aes_ctr_recv,
+            zk_aes_ctr_sent,
+            zk_aes_ctr_recv,
             vm,
             keys,
         } = self.state;
@@ -230,27 +224,6 @@ impl Verifier<state::Setup> {
         )
         .map_err(VerifierError::zk)?;
 
-        // Prepare for the prover to prove received plaintext.
-        let (sent_refs, sent_proof) = commit_records(
-            &mut vm,
-            &mut zk_aes_ctr_sent,
-            tls_transcript
-                .sent()
-                .iter()
-                .filter(|record| record.typ == ContentType::ApplicationData),
-        )
-        .map_err(VerifierError::zk)?;
-
-        let (recv_refs, recv_proof) = commit_records(
-            &mut vm,
-            &mut zk_aes_ctr_recv,
-            tls_transcript
-                .recv()
-                .iter()
-                .filter(|record| record.typ == ContentType::ApplicationData),
-        )
-        .map_err(VerifierError::zk)?;
-
         mux_fut
             .poll_with(vm.execute_all(&mut ctx).map_err(VerifierError::zk))
             .await?;
@@ -260,11 +233,30 @@ impl Verifier<state::Setup> {
         // authenticated from the verifier's perspective.
         tag_proof.verify().map_err(VerifierError::zk)?;
 
-        // Verify the plaintext proofs.
-        sent_proof.verify().map_err(VerifierError::zk)?;
-        recv_proof.verify().map_err(VerifierError::zk)?;
+        let sent_len = tls_transcript
+            .sent()
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|record| {
+                if matches!(record.typ, ContentType::ApplicationData) {
+                    Some(record.ciphertext.len())
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            })
+            .sum();
+        let recv_len = tls_transcript
+            .recv()
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|record| {
+                if matches!(record.typ, ContentType::ApplicationData) {
+                    Some(record.ciphertext.len())
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            })
+            .sum();
 
-        let transcript_refs = TranscriptRefs::new(sent_refs, recv_refs);
+        let transcript_refs = TranscriptRefs::new(sent_len, recv_len);
 
         Ok(Verifier {
             config: self.config,
@@ -277,6 +269,11 @@ impl Verifier<state::Setup> {
                 vm,
                 tls_transcript,
                 transcript_refs,
+                zk_aes_ctr_sent,
+                zk_aes_ctr_recv,
+                keys,
+                verified_server_name: None,
+                encodings_transferred: false,
             },
         })
     }
@@ -305,126 +302,42 @@ impl Verifier<state::Committed> {
             vm,
             tls_transcript,
             transcript_refs,
+            zk_aes_ctr_sent,
+            zk_aes_ctr_recv,
+            keys,
+            verified_server_name,
+            encodings_transferred,
             ..
         } = &mut self.state;
 
-        let ProvePayload {
-            handshake,
-            transcript,
-            transcript_commit,
-        } = mux_fut
+        let payload: ProveRequest = mux_fut
             .poll_with(ctx.io_mut().expect_next().map_err(VerifierError::from))
             .await?;
 
-        let verifier = if let Some(root_store) = self.config.root_store() {
-            ServerCertVerifier::new(root_store).map_err(VerifierError::config)?
-        } else {
-            ServerCertVerifier::mozilla()
-        };
+        let proving_state = ProvingState::for_verifier(
+            payload,
+            tls_transcript,
+            transcript_refs,
+            verified_server_name.clone(),
+            *encodings_transferred,
+        );
 
-        let server_name = if let Some((name, cert_data)) = handshake {
-            cert_data
-                .verify(
-                    &verifier,
-                    tls_transcript.time(),
-                    tls_transcript.server_ephemeral_key(),
-                    &name,
-                )
-                .map_err(VerifierError::verify)?;
-
-            Some(name)
-        } else {
-            None
-        };
-
-        if let Some(partial_transcript) = &transcript {
-            let sent_len = tls_transcript
-                .sent()
-                .iter()
-                .filter_map(|record| {
-                    if let ContentType::ApplicationData = record.typ {
-                        Some(record.ciphertext.len())
-                    } else {
-                        None
-                    }
-                })
-                .sum::<usize>();
-
-            let recv_len = tls_transcript
-                .recv()
-                .iter()
-                .filter_map(|record| {
-                    if let ContentType::ApplicationData = record.typ {
-                        Some(record.ciphertext.len())
-                    } else {
-                        None
-                    }
-                })
-                .sum::<usize>();
-
-            // Check ranges.
-            if partial_transcript.len_sent() != sent_len
-                || partial_transcript.len_received() != recv_len
-            {
-                return Err(VerifierError::verify(
-                    "prover sent transcript with incorrect length",
-                ));
-            }
-
-            decode_transcript(
+        let (output, encodings_executed) = mux_fut
+            .poll_with(proving_state.verify(
                 vm,
-                partial_transcript.sent_authed(),
-                partial_transcript.received_authed(),
-                transcript_refs,
-            )
-            .map_err(VerifierError::zk)?;
-        }
-
-        let mut transcript_commitments = Vec::new();
-        let mut hash_commitments = None;
-        if let Some(commit_config) = transcript_commit {
-            if commit_config.encoding() {
-                let commitment = mux_fut
-                    .poll_with(encoding::transfer(
-                        ctx,
-                        transcript_refs,
-                        delta,
-                        |plaintext| vm.get_keys(plaintext).expect("reference is valid"),
-                    ))
-                    .await?;
-
-                transcript_commitments.push(TranscriptCommitment::Encoding(commitment));
-            }
-
-            if commit_config.has_hash() {
-                hash_commitments = Some(
-                    verify_hash(vm, transcript_refs, commit_config.iter_hash().cloned())
-                        .map_err(VerifierError::verify)?,
-                );
-            }
-        }
-
-        mux_fut
-            .poll_with(vm.execute_all(ctx).map_err(VerifierError::zk))
+                ctx,
+                zk_aes_ctr_sent,
+                zk_aes_ctr_recv,
+                keys.clone(),
+                *delta,
+                self.config.root_store(),
+            ))
             .await?;
 
-        // Verify revealed data.
-        if let Some(partial_transcript) = &transcript {
-            verify_transcript(vm, partial_transcript, transcript_refs)
-                .map_err(VerifierError::verify)?;
-        }
+        *verified_server_name = output.server_name.clone();
+        *encodings_transferred = encodings_executed;
 
-        if let Some(hash_commitments) = hash_commitments {
-            for commitment in hash_commitments.try_recv().map_err(VerifierError::verify)? {
-                transcript_commitments.push(TranscriptCommitment::Hash(commitment));
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(VerifierOutput {
-            server_name,
-            transcript,
-            transcript_commitments,
-        })
+        Ok(output)
     }
 
     /// Closes the connection with the prover.

crates/tlsn/src/verifier/error.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::{encoding::EncodingError, zk_aes_ctr::ZkAesCtrError};
+use crate::{commit::CommitError, zk_aes_ctr::ZkAesCtrError};
 use mpc_tls::MpcTlsError;
 use std::{error::Error, fmt};
 
@@ -20,13 +20,6 @@ impl VerifierError {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn config<E>(source: E) -> Self
-    where
-        E: Into<Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync + 'static>>,
-    {
-        Self::new(ErrorKind::Config, source)
-    }
-
     pub(crate) fn mpc<E>(source: E) -> Self
     where
         E: Into<Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync + 'static>>,
@@ -40,13 +33,6 @@ impl VerifierError {
     {
         Self::new(ErrorKind::Zk, source)
     }
-
-    pub(crate) fn verify<E>(source: E) -> Self
-    where
-        E: Into<Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync + 'static>>,
-    {
-        Self::new(ErrorKind::Verify, source)
-    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -56,7 +42,6 @@ enum ErrorKind {
     Mpc,
     Zk,
     Commit,
-    Verify,
 }
 
 impl fmt::Display for VerifierError {
@@ -69,7 +54,6 @@ impl fmt::Display for VerifierError {
             ErrorKind::Mpc => f.write_str("mpc error")?,
             ErrorKind::Zk => f.write_str("zk error")?,
             ErrorKind::Commit => f.write_str("commit error")?,
-            ErrorKind::Verify => f.write_str("verification error")?,
         }
 
         if let Some(source) = &self.source {
@@ -116,8 +100,8 @@ impl From<ZkAesCtrError> for VerifierError {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<EncodingError> for VerifierError {
-    fn from(e: EncodingError) -> Self {
+impl From<CommitError> for VerifierError {
+    fn from(e: CommitError) -> Self {
         Self::new(ErrorKind::Commit, e)
     }
 }

crates/tlsn/src/verifier/state.rs

@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use crate::{
-    commit::transcript::TranscriptRefs,
+    commit::TranscriptRefs,
     mux::{MuxControl, MuxFuture},
     zk_aes_ctr::ZkAesCtr,
 };
 use mpc_tls::{MpcTlsFollower, SessionKeys};
 use mpz_common::Context;
 use mpz_memory_core::correlated::Delta;
-use tlsn_core::transcript::TlsTranscript;
+use tlsn_core::{connection::ServerName, transcript::TlsTranscript};
 use tlsn_deap::Deap;
 use tokio::sync::Mutex;
 
@@ -45,6 +45,11 @@ pub struct Committed {
     pub(crate) vm: Zk,
     pub(crate) tls_transcript: TlsTranscript,
     pub(crate) transcript_refs: TranscriptRefs,
+    pub(crate) zk_aes_ctr_sent: ZkAesCtr,
+    pub(crate) zk_aes_ctr_recv: ZkAesCtr,
+    pub(crate) keys: SessionKeys,
+    pub(crate) verified_server_name: Option<ServerName>,
+    pub(crate) encodings_transferred: bool,
 }
 
 opaque_debug::implement!(Committed);

crates/tlsn/src/zk_aes_ctr.rs

@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ impl ZkAesCtr {
     }
 
     /// Returns the role.
-    pub(crate) fn role(&self) -> &Role {
-        &self.role
+    pub(crate) fn role(&self) -> Role {
+        self.role
     }
 
     /// Allocates `len` bytes for encryption.

crates/tlsn/tests/test.rs

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ async fn prover<T: AsyncWrite + AsyncRead + Send + Unpin + 'static>(verifier_soc
 
     let config = builder.build().unwrap();
 
-    prover.prove(&config).await.unwrap();
+    prover.prove(config).await.unwrap();
     prover.close().await.unwrap();
 }
 

crates/wasm/src/prover/mod.rs

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ impl JsProver {
 
         let config = builder.build()?;
 
-        prover.prove(&config).await?;
+        prover.prove(config).await?;
         prover.close().await?;
 
         info!("Finalized");