7935: add era1 format to blocks importer (#8352)

* Refactor to use clock to validate expiry Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * 7935: Finish unit testing E2StoreReader Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * Build out E2StoreReader and associated files Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * Spotless Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * Add javadoc to new util module classes Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * Implement Era1 block import sub command Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * Remove unnecessary e2 and era file stuff Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * Rename files to be era1 specific Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * Rename e2 package to era1 Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * Spotless Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * Rename Era1StoreReaderListener to Era1ReaderListener Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * Clean up after merge Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * Set up Era1BlockImporter to enable FAST sync and variations upon besu running Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * Use bouncycastle for little endian to long conversion Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * Rename slot related variables to blockIndex Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * Spotless Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * Fix broken unit test Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * Fix AT compilation Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * Fix javadoc Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * Rework Era1BlockImporter to use appropriate data directory. Add unit test Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * Fix javadoc Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * changelog Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * Add era1 files to .gitattributes as binary file type Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> * Remove pivot block header file creation from Era1BlockImporter Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> --------- Signed-off-by: Matilda Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net> Signed-off-by: Matilda-Clerke <matilda.clerke@consensys.net>
2026-01-06 20:43:54 -05:00 · 2025-03-11 13:42:56 +11:00
parent e0bad4660e
commit 90db4872a4
13 changed files with 320 additions and 11 deletions
--- a/.gitattributes
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -17,4 +17,5 @@
 *.p12 binary
 *.db binary
 *.woff2 binary
+*.era1 binary
 goss-linux-amd64 binary
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 - Update `eth_getLogs` to return a `Block not found` error when the requested block is not found. [#8290](https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/8290)
 - Change `Invalid block, unable to parse RLP` RPC error message to `Invalid block param (block not found)` [#8328](https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/8328)
 - Support pending transaction score when saving and restoring txpool [#8363](https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/pull/8363)
+- Add era1 format to blocks import subcommand [#7935](https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/issues/7935)

 ### Bug fixes
 - Add missing RPC method `debug_accountRange` to `RpcMethod.java` so this method can be used with `--rpc-http-api-method-no-auth` [#8153](https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/issues/8153)
--- a/acceptance-tests/dsl/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/dsl/node/ThreadBesuNodeRunner.java
+++ b/acceptance-tests/dsl/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/tests/acceptance/dsl/node/ThreadBesuNodeRunner.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import static org.hyperledger.besu.controller.BesuController.DATABASE_PATH;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.Runner;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.RunnerBuilder;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.chainexport.RlpBlockExporter;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.chainimport.Era1BlockImporter;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.chainimport.JsonBlockImporter;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.chainimport.RlpBlockImporter;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.cli.BesuCommand;
@@ -632,6 +633,7 @@ public class ThreadBesuNodeRunner implements BesuNodeRunner {
          new BesuCommand(
              RlpBlockImporter::new,
              JsonBlockImporter::new,
+              Era1BlockImporter::new,
              RlpBlockExporter::new,
              new RunnerBuilder(),
              new BesuController.Builder(),
--- a/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/chainimport/Era1BlockImporter.java
+++ b/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/chainimport/Era1BlockImporter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright contributors to Besu.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on
+ * an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+package org.hyperledger.besu.chainimport;
+
+import org.hyperledger.besu.controller.BesuController;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.ProtocolContext;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.Block;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.BlockBody;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.BlockHeader;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.BlockHeaderFunctions;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.BlockImporter;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.TransactionReceipt;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.mainnet.BlockImportResult;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.mainnet.BodyValidationMode;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.mainnet.HeaderValidationMode;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.mainnet.ProtocolSchedule;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.mainnet.ScheduleBasedBlockHeaderFunctions;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.rlp.BytesValueRLPInput;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.rlp.RLPInput;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.util.era1.Era1BlockIndex;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.util.era1.Era1ExecutionBlockBody;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.util.era1.Era1ExecutionBlockHeader;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.util.era1.Era1ExecutionBlockReceipts;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.util.era1.Era1Reader;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.util.era1.Era1ReaderListener;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.util.snappy.SnappyFactory;
+
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+
+import org.apache.tuweni.bytes.Bytes;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+/**
+ * Tool for importing era1-encoded block data, headers, and transaction receipts from era1 files.
+ */
+public class Era1BlockImporter implements Closeable {
+  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Era1BlockImporter.class);
+
+  private static final int ERA1_BLOCK_COUNT_MAX = 8192;
+  private static final int IMPORT_COUNT_FOR_LOG_UPDATE = 1000;
+
+  /** Default Constructor. */
+  public Era1BlockImporter() {}
+
+  /**
+   * Imports the blocks, headers, and transaction receipts from the file found at the supplied path
+   *
+   * @param controller The BesuController
+   * @param path The path
+   * @throws IOException IOException
+   * @throws ExecutionException ExecutionException
+   * @throws InterruptedException InterruptedException
+   * @throws TimeoutException TimeoutException
+   */
+  public void importBlocks(final BesuController controller, final Path path)
+      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
+    final ProtocolSchedule protocolSchedule = controller.getProtocolSchedule();
+    final BlockHeaderFunctions blockHeaderFunctions =
+        ScheduleBasedBlockHeaderFunctions.create(protocolSchedule);
+    final ProtocolContext context = controller.getProtocolContext();
+
+    Era1Reader reader = new Era1Reader(new SnappyFactory());
+
+    final List<Future<BlockHeader>> headersFutures = new ArrayList<>(ERA1_BLOCK_COUNT_MAX);
+    final List<Future<BlockBody>> bodiesFutures = new ArrayList<>(ERA1_BLOCK_COUNT_MAX);
+    final List<Future<List<TransactionReceipt>>> receiptsFutures =
+        new ArrayList<>(ERA1_BLOCK_COUNT_MAX);
+    reader.read(
+        new FileInputStream(path.toFile()),
+        new Era1ReaderListener() {
+
+          @Override
+          public void handleExecutionBlockHeader(
+              final Era1ExecutionBlockHeader executionBlockHeader) {
+            headersFutures.add(
+                CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(
+                    () ->
+                        BlockHeader.readFrom(
+                            new BytesValueRLPInput(
+                                Bytes.wrap(executionBlockHeader.header()), false),
+                            blockHeaderFunctions)));
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public void handleExecutionBlockBody(final Era1ExecutionBlockBody executionBlockBody) {
+            bodiesFutures.add(
+                CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(
+                    () ->
+                        BlockBody.readWrappedBodyFrom(
+                            new BytesValueRLPInput(Bytes.wrap(executionBlockBody.block()), false),
+                            blockHeaderFunctions,
+                            true)));
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public void handleExecutionBlockReceipts(
+              final Era1ExecutionBlockReceipts executionBlockReceipts) {
+            receiptsFutures.add(
+                CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(
+                    () -> {
+                      RLPInput input =
+                          new BytesValueRLPInput(
+                              Bytes.wrap(executionBlockReceipts.receipts()), false);
+                      final List<TransactionReceipt> receiptsForBlock = new ArrayList<>();
+                      input.readList((in) -> receiptsForBlock.add(TransactionReceipt.readFrom(in)));
+                      return receiptsForBlock;
+                    }));
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public void handleBlockIndex(final Era1BlockIndex blockIndex) {
+            // not really necessary, do nothing
+          }
+        });
+
+    LOG.info("Read {} blocks, now importing", headersFutures.size());
+
+    Block block = null;
+    for (int i = 0; i < headersFutures.size(); i++) {
+      BlockHeader blockHeader = headersFutures.get(i).get(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+      BlockImporter blockImporter =
+          protocolSchedule.getByBlockHeader(blockHeader).getBlockImporter();
+      block = new Block(blockHeader, bodiesFutures.get(i).get(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+
+      BlockImportResult importResult =
+          blockImporter.importBlockForSyncing(
+              context,
+              block,
+              receiptsFutures.get(i).get(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS),
+              HeaderValidationMode.NONE,
+              HeaderValidationMode.NONE,
+              BodyValidationMode.NONE,
+              false);
+      if (importResult.getStatus() != BlockImportResult.BlockImportStatus.IMPORTED) {
+        LOG.warn(
+            "Failed to import block {} due to {}",
+            blockHeader.getNumber(),
+            importResult.getStatus());
+      } else if (i % IMPORT_COUNT_FOR_LOG_UPDATE == 0) {
+        LOG.info("{}/{} blocks imported", i, headersFutures.size());
+      }
+    }
+    LOG.info("Done importing {} blocks", headersFutures.size());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void close() throws IOException {}
+}
--- a/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/cli/BesuCommand.java
+++ b/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/cli/BesuCommand.java
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import org.hyperledger.besu.BesuInfo;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.Runner;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.RunnerBuilder;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.chainexport.RlpBlockExporter;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.chainimport.Era1BlockImporter;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.chainimport.JsonBlockImporter;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.chainimport.RlpBlockImporter;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.cli.config.EthNetworkConfig;
@@ -284,6 +285,7 @@ public class BesuCommand implements DefaultCommandValues, Runnable {

  private final Supplier<RlpBlockImporter> rlpBlockImporter;
  private final Function<BesuController, JsonBlockImporter> jsonBlockImporterFactory;
+  private final Supplier<Era1BlockImporter> era1BlockImporter;
  private final Function<Blockchain, RlpBlockExporter> rlpBlockExporterFactory;

  // Unstable CLI options
@@ -719,6 +721,7 @@ public class BesuCommand implements DefaultCommandValues, Runnable {
   *
   * @param rlpBlockImporter RlpBlockImporter supplier
   * @param jsonBlockImporterFactory instance of {@code Function<BesuController, JsonBlockImporter>}
+   * @param era1BlockImporter Era1BlockImporter supplier
   * @param rlpBlockExporterFactory instance of {@code Function<Blockchain, RlpBlockExporter>}
   * @param runnerBuilder instance of RunnerBuilder
   * @param controllerBuilder instance of BesuController.Builder
@@ -729,6 +732,7 @@ public class BesuCommand implements DefaultCommandValues, Runnable {
  public BesuCommand(
      final Supplier<RlpBlockImporter> rlpBlockImporter,
      final Function<BesuController, JsonBlockImporter> jsonBlockImporterFactory,
+      final Supplier<Era1BlockImporter> era1BlockImporter,
      final Function<Blockchain, RlpBlockExporter> rlpBlockExporterFactory,
      final RunnerBuilder runnerBuilder,
      final BesuController.Builder controllerBuilder,
@@ -738,6 +742,7 @@ public class BesuCommand implements DefaultCommandValues, Runnable {
    this(
        rlpBlockImporter,
        jsonBlockImporterFactory,
+        era1BlockImporter,
        rlpBlockExporterFactory,
        runnerBuilder,
        controllerBuilder,
@@ -760,6 +765,7 @@ public class BesuCommand implements DefaultCommandValues, Runnable {
   *
   * @param rlpBlockImporter RlpBlockImporter supplier
   * @param jsonBlockImporterFactory instance of {@code Function<BesuController, JsonBlockImporter>}
+   * @param era1BlockImporter Era1BlockImporter supplier
   * @param rlpBlockExporterFactory instance of {@code Function<Blockchain, RlpBlockExporter>}
   * @param runnerBuilder instance of RunnerBuilder
   * @param controllerBuilder instance of BesuController.Builder
@@ -780,6 +786,7 @@ public class BesuCommand implements DefaultCommandValues, Runnable {
  protected BesuCommand(
      final Supplier<RlpBlockImporter> rlpBlockImporter,
      final Function<BesuController, JsonBlockImporter> jsonBlockImporterFactory,
+      final Supplier<Era1BlockImporter> era1BlockImporter,
      final Function<Blockchain, RlpBlockExporter> rlpBlockExporterFactory,
      final RunnerBuilder runnerBuilder,
      final BesuController.Builder controllerBuilder,
@@ -798,8 +805,9 @@ public class BesuCommand implements DefaultCommandValues, Runnable {

    this.logger = commandLogger;
    this.rlpBlockImporter = rlpBlockImporter;
-    this.rlpBlockExporterFactory = rlpBlockExporterFactory;
    this.jsonBlockImporterFactory = jsonBlockImporterFactory;
+    this.era1BlockImporter = era1BlockImporter;
+    this.rlpBlockExporterFactory = rlpBlockExporterFactory;
    this.runnerBuilder = runnerBuilder;
    this.controllerBuilder = controllerBuilder;
    this.besuPluginContext = besuPluginContext;
@@ -1100,6 +1108,7 @@ public class BesuCommand implements DefaultCommandValues, Runnable {
        new BlocksSubCommand(
            rlpBlockImporter,
            jsonBlockImporterFactory,
+            era1BlockImporter,
            rlpBlockExporterFactory,
            commandLine.getOut()));
    commandLine.addSubcommand(
--- a/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/cli/subcommands/blocks/BlockImportFormat.java
+++ b/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/cli/subcommands/blocks/BlockImportFormat.java
@@ -19,5 +19,7 @@ public enum BlockImportFormat {
  /** RLP block import format. */
  RLP,
  /** Json block import format. */
-  JSON
+  JSON,
+  /** Era1 block import format. */
+  ERA1,
 }
--- a/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/cli/subcommands/blocks/BlocksSubCommand.java
+++ b/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/cli/subcommands/blocks/BlocksSubCommand.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
 import static org.hyperledger.besu.cli.subcommands.blocks.BlocksSubCommand.COMMAND_NAME;

 import org.hyperledger.besu.chainexport.RlpBlockExporter;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.chainimport.Era1BlockImporter;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.chainimport.JsonBlockImporter;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.chainimport.RlpBlockImporter;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.cli.BesuCommand;
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ import java.time.ZoneOffset;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
 import java.util.function.Function;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;

@@ -92,6 +94,7 @@ public class BlocksSubCommand implements Runnable {

  private final Supplier<RlpBlockImporter> rlpBlockImporter;
  private final Function<BesuController, JsonBlockImporter> jsonBlockImporterFactory;
+  private final Supplier<Era1BlockImporter> era1BlockImporter;
  private final Function<Blockchain, RlpBlockExporter> rlpBlockExporterFactory;

  private final PrintWriter out;
@@ -101,17 +104,20 @@ public class BlocksSubCommand implements Runnable {
   *
   * @param rlpBlockImporter the RLP block importer
   * @param jsonBlockImporterFactory the Json block importer factory
+   * @param era1BlockImporter the era1 block importer supplier
   * @param rlpBlockExporterFactory the RLP block exporter factory
   * @param out Instance of PrintWriter where command usage will be written.
   */
  public BlocksSubCommand(
      final Supplier<RlpBlockImporter> rlpBlockImporter,
      final Function<BesuController, JsonBlockImporter> jsonBlockImporterFactory,
+      final Supplier<Era1BlockImporter> era1BlockImporter,
      final Function<Blockchain, RlpBlockExporter> rlpBlockExporterFactory,
      final PrintWriter out) {
    this.rlpBlockImporter = rlpBlockImporter;
-    this.rlpBlockExporterFactory = rlpBlockExporterFactory;
    this.jsonBlockImporterFactory = jsonBlockImporterFactory;
+    this.era1BlockImporter = era1BlockImporter;
+    this.rlpBlockExporterFactory = rlpBlockExporterFactory;
    this.out = out;
  }

@@ -198,6 +204,7 @@ public class BlocksSubCommand implements Runnable {
      checkCommand(parentCommand);
      checkNotNull(parentCommand.rlpBlockImporter);
      checkNotNull(parentCommand.jsonBlockImporterFactory);
+      checkNotNull(parentCommand.era1BlockImporter);
      if (blockImportFiles.isEmpty()) {
        throw new ParameterException(spec.commandLine(), "No files specified to import.");
      }
@@ -214,12 +221,9 @@ public class BlocksSubCommand implements Runnable {
          try {
            LOG.info("Importing from {}", path);
            switch (format) {
-              case RLP:
-                importRlpBlocks(controller, path);
-                break;
-              case JSON:
-                importJsonBlocks(controller, path);
-                break;
+              case RLP -> importRlpBlocks(controller, path);
+              case JSON -> importJsonBlocks(controller, path);
+              case ERA1 -> importEra1Blocks(controller, path);
            }
          } catch (final FileNotFoundException e) {
            if (blockImportFiles.size() == 1) {
@@ -297,6 +301,14 @@ public class BlocksSubCommand implements Runnable {
          .get()
          .importBlockchain(path, controller, skipPow, startBlock, endBlock);
    }
+
+    private void importEra1Blocks(final BesuController controller, final Path path)
+        throws IOException,
+            java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException,
+            InterruptedException,
+            TimeoutException {
+      parentCommand.era1BlockImporter.get().importBlocks(controller, path);
+    }
  }

  /**
--- a/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/components/BesuCommandModule.java
+++ b/besu/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/components/BesuCommandModule.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package org.hyperledger.besu.components;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.Besu;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.RunnerBuilder;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.chainexport.RlpBlockExporter;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.chainimport.Era1BlockImporter;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.chainimport.JsonBlockImporter;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.chainimport.RlpBlockImporter;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.cli.BesuCommand;
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@ public class BesuCommandModule {
        new BesuCommand(
            RlpBlockImporter::new,
            JsonBlockImporter::new,
+            Era1BlockImporter::new,
            RlpBlockExporter::new,
            new RunnerBuilder(),
            new BesuController.Builder(),
--- a/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/chainimport/Era1BlockImporterTest.java
+++ b/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/chainimport/Era1BlockImporterTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright contributors to Besu.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on
+ * an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+package org.hyperledger.besu.chainimport;
+
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+
+import org.hyperledger.besu.cli.config.EthNetworkConfig;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.cli.config.NetworkName;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.components.BesuComponent;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.controller.BesuController;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.cryptoservices.NodeKeyUtils;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.api.ImmutableApiConfiguration;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.chain.Blockchain;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.BlockHeader;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.InMemoryKeyValueStorageProvider;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.MiningConfiguration;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.PrivacyParameters;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.eth.EthProtocolConfiguration;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.eth.sync.SyncMode;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.eth.sync.SynchronizerConfiguration;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.eth.transactions.TransactionPoolConfiguration;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.p2p.config.NetworkingConfiguration;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.evm.internal.EvmConfiguration;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.metrics.noop.NoOpMetricsSystem;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.testutil.BlockTestUtil;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.testutil.TestClock;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
+
+public class Era1BlockImporterTest {
+  @TempDir Path dataDirectory;
+
+  private final Era1BlockImporter era1BlockImporter = new Era1BlockImporter();
+
+  @Test
+  public void testImport()
+      throws IOException,
+          ExecutionException,
+          InterruptedException,
+          TimeoutException,
+          URISyntaxException {
+    final Path source =
+        Path.of(
+            BlockTestUtil.class
+                .getClassLoader()
+                .getResource("mainnet-00000-5ec1ffb8.era1")
+                .toURI());
+    final BesuController targetController =
+        new BesuController.Builder()
+            .fromEthNetworkConfig(
+                EthNetworkConfig.getNetworkConfig(NetworkName.MAINNET), SyncMode.FAST)
+            .synchronizerConfiguration(SynchronizerConfiguration.builder().build())
+            .ethProtocolConfiguration(EthProtocolConfiguration.defaultConfig())
+            .storageProvider(new InMemoryKeyValueStorageProvider())
+            .networkId(BigInteger.ONE)
+            .miningParameters(MiningConfiguration.newDefault())
+            .nodeKey(NodeKeyUtils.generate())
+            .metricsSystem(new NoOpMetricsSystem())
+            .privacyParameters(PrivacyParameters.DEFAULT)
+            .clock(TestClock.fixed())
+            .transactionPoolConfiguration(TransactionPoolConfiguration.DEFAULT)
+            .evmConfiguration(EvmConfiguration.DEFAULT)
+            .networkConfiguration(NetworkingConfiguration.create())
+            .besuComponent(mock(BesuComponent.class))
+            .apiConfiguration(ImmutableApiConfiguration.builder().build())
+            .dataDirectory(dataDirectory)
+            .build();
+    era1BlockImporter.importBlocks(targetController, source);
+
+    Blockchain blockchain = targetController.getProtocolContext().getBlockchain();
+    BlockHeader chainHeadHeader = blockchain.getChainHeadHeader();
+    Assertions.assertEquals(8191, chainHeadHeader.getNumber());
+  }
+}
--- a/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/cli/CommandTestAbstract.java
+++ b/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/cli/CommandTestAbstract.java
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.Runner;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.RunnerBuilder;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.chainexport.RlpBlockExporter;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.chainimport.Era1BlockImporter;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.chainimport.JsonBlockImporter;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.chainimport.RlpBlockImporter;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.cli.config.EthNetworkConfig;
@@ -216,6 +217,7 @@ public abstract class CommandTestAbstract {
  @Mock protected RlpBlockExporter rlpBlockExporter;
  @Mock protected JsonBlockImporter jsonBlockImporter;
  @Mock protected RlpBlockImporter rlpBlockImporter;
+  @Mock protected Era1BlockImporter era1BlockImporter;
  @Mock protected StorageServiceImpl storageService;
  @Mock protected TransactionSelectionServiceImpl txSelectionService;
  @Mock protected SecurityModuleServiceImpl securityModuleService;
@@ -472,6 +474,7 @@ public abstract class CommandTestAbstract {
        return new TestBesuCommandWithRequiredOption(
            () -> rlpBlockImporter,
            this::jsonBlockImporterFactory,
+            () -> era1BlockImporter,
            (blockchain) -> rlpBlockExporter,
            mockRunnerBuilder,
            mockControllerBuilderFactory,
@@ -485,6 +488,7 @@ public abstract class CommandTestAbstract {
        return new TestBesuCommand(
            () -> rlpBlockImporter,
            this::jsonBlockImporterFactory,
+            () -> era1BlockImporter,
            (blockchain) -> rlpBlockExporter,
            mockRunnerBuilder,
            mockControllerBuilderFactory,
@@ -498,6 +502,7 @@ public abstract class CommandTestAbstract {
        return new TestBesuCommandWithoutPortCheck(
            () -> rlpBlockImporter,
            this::jsonBlockImporterFactory,
+            () -> era1BlockImporter,
            (blockchain) -> rlpBlockExporter,
            mockRunnerBuilder,
            mockControllerBuilderFactory,
@@ -538,6 +543,7 @@ public abstract class CommandTestAbstract {
    TestBesuCommand(
        final Supplier<RlpBlockImporter> mockBlockImporter,
        final Function<BesuController, JsonBlockImporter> jsonBlockImporterFactory,
+        final Supplier<Era1BlockImporter> era1BlockImporter,
        final Function<Blockchain, RlpBlockExporter> rlpBlockExporterFactory,
        final RunnerBuilder mockRunnerBuilder,
        final BesuController.Builder controllerBuilderFactory,
@@ -550,6 +556,7 @@ public abstract class CommandTestAbstract {
      super(
          mockBlockImporter,
          jsonBlockImporterFactory,
+          era1BlockImporter,
          rlpBlockExporterFactory,
          mockRunnerBuilder,
          controllerBuilderFactory,
@@ -635,6 +642,7 @@ public abstract class CommandTestAbstract {
    TestBesuCommandWithRequiredOption(
        final Supplier<RlpBlockImporter> mockBlockImporter,
        final Function<BesuController, JsonBlockImporter> jsonBlockImporterFactory,
+        final Supplier<Era1BlockImporter> era1BlockImporter,
        final Function<Blockchain, RlpBlockExporter> rlpBlockExporterFactory,
        final RunnerBuilder mockRunnerBuilder,
        final BesuController.Builder controllerBuilderFactory,
@@ -647,6 +655,7 @@ public abstract class CommandTestAbstract {
      super(
          mockBlockImporter,
          jsonBlockImporterFactory,
+          era1BlockImporter,
          rlpBlockExporterFactory,
          mockRunnerBuilder,
          controllerBuilderFactory,
@@ -669,6 +678,7 @@ public abstract class CommandTestAbstract {
    TestBesuCommandWithoutPortCheck(
        final Supplier<RlpBlockImporter> mockBlockImporter,
        final Function<BesuController, JsonBlockImporter> jsonBlockImporterFactory,
+        final Supplier<Era1BlockImporter> era1BlockImporter,
        final Function<Blockchain, RlpBlockExporter> rlpBlockExporterFactory,
        final RunnerBuilder mockRunnerBuilder,
        final BesuController.Builder controllerBuilderFactory,
@@ -681,6 +691,7 @@ public abstract class CommandTestAbstract {
      super(
          mockBlockImporter,
          jsonBlockImporterFactory,
+          era1BlockImporter,
          rlpBlockExporterFactory,
          mockRunnerBuilder,
          controllerBuilderFactory,
--- a/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/cli/subcommands/blocks/BlocksSubCommandTest.java
+++ b/besu/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/cli/subcommands/blocks/BlocksSubCommandTest.java
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ public class BlocksSubCommandTest extends CommandTestAbstract {
          + "                               (exclusive).  If not specified all blocks after\n"
          + "                               the start block will be imported.\n"
          + "      --format=<format>      The type of data to be imported, possible values\n"
-          + "                               are: RLP, JSON (default: RLP).\n"
+          + "                               are: RLP, JSON, ERA1 (default: RLP).\n"
          + "      --from[=<FILE>...]     File containing blocks to import.\n"
          + "  -h, --help                 Show this help message and exit.\n"
          + "      --run                  Start besu after importing.\n"
--- a/besu/src/test/resources/mainnet-00000-5ec1ffb8.era1
+++ b/besu/src/test/resources/mainnet-00000-5ec1ffb8.era1
--- a/ethereum/core/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/core/BlockHeader.java
+++ b/ethereum/core/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/core/BlockHeader.java
@@ -252,7 +252,10 @@ public class BlockHeader extends SealableBlockHeader
  public static BlockHeader readFrom(
      final RLPInput input, final BlockHeaderFunctions blockHeaderFunctions) {
    final RLPInput headerRlp = input.readAsRlp();
-    headerRlp.enterList();
+    if (headerRlp.enterList() == 0) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
    final Hash parentHash = Hash.wrap(headerRlp.readBytes32());
    final Hash ommersHash = Hash.wrap(headerRlp.readBytes32());
    final Address coinbase = Address.readFrom(headerRlp);