chore(rln): update dependencies and refactor code for compatibility (#291)

While publishing the release on crate io it turned out that we can't use
libraries without a version as it was for arc-circom.

During the upgrade to the new version it was also discovered that it is
possible to speed up input preparation for witness calculator by 4 times
by switching from bigint to Fr:


![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/53962387-308b-4aae-8af2-dbd0d3f62369)

it was also checked that it is also possible to use iden3 as a
sub-module instead of copying code, but benchmarks showed that the new
iden3 version with u256 calculations and subsequent conversion of the
result to Fr is slower than the current implementation:


![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/f950f089-b66a-4a13-a86f-f391caf32b4f)

----

- Updated dependencies to their latest versions, including ark-ff,
ark-bn254, ark-std, and others to 0.5.0.
- Refactored circuit and iden3calc modules to use Fr instead of BigInt
for better type consistency.
- Improved utility functions for type conversions between Fr and U256.
- Adjusted Cargo.toml files for rln and utils to reflect new dependency
versions and features.
- Enhanced documentation and comments for clarity on changes made.

This update ensures compatibility with the latest versions of the Ark
framework and improves overall code quality.

.github/labels.yml

@@ -90,11 +90,6 @@
   description: go-waku-productionization track (Waku Product)
   color: 9DEA79
 
-# Tracks within zk-WASM project
-- name: track:kickoff
-  description: Kickoff track (zk-WASM)
-  color: 06B6C8
-
 # Tracks within RAD project
 - name: track:waku-specs
   description: Waku specs track (RAD)

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ on:
     paths-ignore:
       - "**.md"
       - "!.github/workflows/*.yml"
-      - "!rln-wasm/**"
       - "!rln/src/**"
       - "!rln/resources/**"
       - "!utils/src/**"
@@ -13,7 +12,6 @@ on:
     paths-ignore:
       - "**.md"
       - "!.github/workflows/*.yml"
-      - "!rln-wasm/**"
       - "!rln/src/**"
       - "!rln/resources/**"
       - "!utils/src/**"
@@ -71,36 +69,13 @@ jobs:
         run: make installdeps
       - name: cargo-make test
         run: |
-          cargo make test_${{ matrix.feature }} --release
+          if [ ${{ matrix.feature }} == default ]; then
+            cargo make test --release
+          else
+            cargo make test_${{ matrix.feature }} --release
+          fi
         working-directory: ${{ matrix.crate }}
 
-  rln-wasm:
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        platform: [ ubuntu-latest, macos-latest ]
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform }}
-    timeout-minutes: 60
-
-    name: test - rln-wasm - ${{ matrix.platform }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - name: Install stable toolchain
-        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          profile: minimal
-          # TODO: Update to stable once wasmer supports it
-          toolchain: 1.82.0
-          override: true
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
-      - name: Install Dependencies
-        run: make installdeps
-      - name: Install wasm-pack
-        uses: jetli/wasm-pack-action@v0.3.0
-      - run: cargo make build
-        working-directory: rln-wasm
-      - run: cargo make test --release
-        working-directory: rln-wasm
-
   lint:
     strategy:
       matrix:
@@ -133,9 +108,6 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           cargo clippy --release -- -D warnings
         working-directory: ${{ matrix.crate }}
-        # We skip clippy on rln-wasm, since wasm target is managed by cargo make
-        # Currently not treating warnings as error, too noisy
-        # -- -D warnings
 
   benchmark-utils:
     # run only in pull requests

.github/workflows/nightly-release.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
         target:
           - x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
           - aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
-          - i686-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # - i686-unknown-linux-gnu
         include:
           - feature: stateless
             cargo_args: --exclude rln-cli
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ jobs:
         run: make installdeps
       - name: cross build
         run: |
-          cross build --release --target ${{ matrix.target }} --features ${{ matrix.feature }} --workspace --exclude rln-wasm ${{ matrix.cargo_args }}
+          cross build --release --target ${{ matrix.target }} --features ${{ matrix.feature }} --workspace ${{ matrix.cargo_args }}
           mkdir release
           cp target/${{ matrix.target }}/release/librln* release/
           tar -czvf ${{ matrix.target }}-${{ matrix.feature }}-rln.tar.gz release/
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ jobs:
         run: make installdeps
       - name: cross build
         run: |
-          cross build --release --target ${{ matrix.target }} --features ${{ matrix.feature }} --workspace --exclude rln-wasm ${{ matrix.cargo_args }}
+          cross build --release --target ${{ matrix.target }} --features ${{ matrix.feature }} --workspace ${{ matrix.cargo_args }}
           mkdir release
           cp target/${{ matrix.target }}/release/librln* release/
           tar -czvf ${{ matrix.target }}-${{ matrix.feature }}-rln.tar.gz release/
@@ -84,42 +84,9 @@ jobs:
           path: ${{ matrix.target }}-${{ matrix.feature }}-rln.tar.gz
           retention-days: 2
 
-  browser-rln-wasm:
-    name: Browser build (RLN WASM)
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout sources
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - name: Install stable toolchain
-        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          profile: minimal
-          # TODO: Update to stable once wasmer supports it
-          toolchain: 1.82.0
-          override: true
-      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: make installdeps
-      - name: Install wasm-pack
-        uses: jetli/wasm-pack-action@v0.3.0
-      - name: cross make build
-        run: |
-          cross make build
-          mkdir release
-          cp pkg/** release/
-          tar -czvf browser-rln-wasm.tar.gz release/
-        working-directory: rln-wasm
-
-      - name: Upload archive artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: browser-rln-wasm-archive
-          path: rln-wasm/browser-rln-wasm.tar.gz
-          retention-days: 2
-
   prepare-prerelease:
     name: Prepare pre-release
-    needs: [ linux, macos, browser-rln-wasm ]
+    needs: [ linux, macos ]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code

.gitignore

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 *.log
 tmp/
 rln/pmtree_db
+rln-cli/database
 
 # Generated by Cargo
 # will have compiled files and executables

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [workspace]
-members = ["rln", "rln-cli", "rln-wasm", "utils"]
+members = ["rln", "rln-cli", "utils"]
 default-members = ["rln", "rln-cli", "utils"]
 resolver = "2"
 
@@ -8,7 +8,3 @@ resolver = "2"
 # while having neglible impact on incremental build times.
 [profile.dev.package."*"]
 opt-level = 3
-
-[profile.release.package."rln-wasm"]
-# Tell `rustc` to optimize for small code size.
-opt-level = "s"

Makefile

@@ -16,13 +16,14 @@ ifeq ($(shell uname),Darwin)
 # commented due to https://github.com/orgs/Homebrew/discussions/4612
 # @brew update
 	@brew install cmake ninja
+	@git -C "wabt" pull || git clone --recursive https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt.git "wabt"
+	@cd wabt && mkdir -p build && make
 else ifeq ($(shell uname),Linux)
 	@sudo apt-get update
 	@sudo apt-get install -y cmake ninja-build
-endif
 	@git -C "wabt" pull || git clone --recursive https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt.git "wabt"
 	@cd wabt && mkdir -p build && cd build && cmake .. -GNinja && ninja && sudo ninja install
-	@which wasm-pack || cargo install wasm-pack
+endif
 	# nvm already checks if it's installed, and no-ops if it is
 	@curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash
 	@. ${HOME}/.nvm/nvm.sh && nvm install 18.20.2 && nvm use 18.20.2;

README.md

@@ -1,47 +1,81 @@
 # Zerokit
 
-A set of Zero Knowledge modules, written in Rust and designed to be used in other system programming environments.
+[![Crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/rln.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/rln)
+[![GitHub Workflow Status](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/vacp2p/zerokit/ci.yml?branch=master&label=CI)](https://github.com/vacp2p/zerokit/actions)
+[![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-blue.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+[![License: Apache 2.0](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache%202.0-blue.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0)
 
-## Initial scope
+A collection of Zero Knowledge modules written in Rust and designed to be used in other system programming environments.
 
-Focus on RLN and being able to use [Circom](https://iden3.io/circom) based
-version through ark-circom, as opposed to the native one that currently exists
-in Rust.
+## Overview
 
-## Acknowledgements
+Zerokit provides zero-knowledge cryptographic primitives with a focus on performance, security, and usability.
+The current focus is on Rate-Limiting Nullifier [RLN](https://github.com/Rate-Limiting-Nullifier) implementation.
 
-- Uses [ark-circom](https://github.com/gakonst/ark-circom), Rust wrapper around Circom.
+Current implementation is based on the following [specification](https://github.com/vacp2p/rfc-index/blob/main/vac/raw/rln-v2.md)
+and focused on RLNv2 which allows to set a rate limit for the number of messages that can be sent by a user.
 
-- Inspired by Applied ZKP group work, e.g. [zk-kit](https://github.com/appliedzkp/zk-kit).
+## Features
 
-- [RLN library](https://github.com/kilic/rln) written in Rust based on Bellman.
+- **RLN Implementation**: Efficient Rate-Limiting Nullifier using zkSNARKs
+- **Circom Compatibility**: Uses Circom-based circuits for RLN
+- **Cross-Platform**: Support for multiple architectures (see compatibility note below)
+- **FFI-Friendly**: Easy to integrate with other languages
 
-- [semaphore-rs](https://github.com/worldcoin/semaphore-rs) written in Rust based on ark-circom.
+## Architecture
 
-- The circom witness calculation code of the rln crate is based on [circom-witnesscalc](https://github.com/iden3/circom-witnesscalc) by iden3. The execution graph file used by this code has been generated by means of the same iden3 software.
-
-## Users
-
-Zerokit is used by -
-
-- [nwaku](https://github.com/waku-org/nwaku)
-- [js-rln](https://github.com/waku-org/js-rln)
+Zerokit currently focuses on RLN (Rate-Limiting Nullifier) implementation using [Circom](https://iden3.io/circom) circuits through ark-circom, providing an alternative to existing native Rust implementations.
 
 ## Build and Test
 
-To install missing dependencies, run the following commands from the root folder
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> For WASM support or x32 architecture builds, use version `0.6.1`. The current version has dependency issues for these platforms. WASM support will return in a future release.
+
+### Install Dependencies
 
 ```bash
 make installdeps
 ```
 
-To build and test all crates, run the following commands from the root folder
+### Build and Test All Crates
 
 ```bash
 make build
 make test
 ```
 
-## Release assets
+## Release Assets
 
-We use [`cross-rs`](https://github.com/cross-rs/cross) to cross-compile and generate release assets for rln.
+We use [`cross-rs`](https://github.com/cross-rs/cross) to cross-compile and generate release assets:
+
+```bash
+# Example: Build for specific target
+cross build --target x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu --release -p rln
+```
+
+## Used By
+
+Zerokit powers zero-knowledge functionality in:
+
+- [**nwaku**](https://github.com/waku-org/nwaku) - Nim implementation of the Waku v2 protocol
+- [**js-rln**](https://github.com/waku-org/js-rln) - JavaScript bindings for RLN
+
+## Acknowledgements
+
+- Inspired by [Applied ZKP](https://zkp.science/) group work, including [zk-kit](https://github.com/appliedzkp/zk-kit)
+- Uses [ark-circom](https://github.com/gakonst/ark-circom) for zkey and Groth16 proof generation
+- Witness calculation based on [circom-witnesscalc](https://github.com/iden3/circom-witnesscalc) by iden3.
+The execution graph file used by this code has been generated by means of the same iden3 software.
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> The circom-witnesscalc code fragments have been borrowed instead of depending on this crate,
+    because its types of input and output data were incompatible with the corresponding zerokit code fragments,
+    and circom-witnesscalc has some dependencies, which are redundant for our purpose.
+
+## Documentation
+
+For detailed documentation on each module:
+
+```bash
+cargo doc --open
+```

rln-cli/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,16 +1,26 @@
 [package]
 name = "rln-cli"
-version = "0.3.0"
+version = "0.4.0"
 edition = "2021"
 
+[[example]]
+name = "relay"
+path = "src/examples/relay.rs"
+
+[[example]]
+name = "stateless"
+path = "src/examples/stateless.rs"
+required-features = ["stateless"]
+
 [dependencies]
-rln = { path = "../rln", default-features = true, features = ["arkzkey"] }
-clap = { version = "4.2.7", features = ["cargo", "derive", "env"]}
-clap_derive = { version = "=4.2.0" }
-color-eyre = "=0.6.2"
-# serialization
-serde_json = "1.0.48"
-serde = { version = "1.0.130", features = ["derive"] }
+rln = { path = "../rln", default-features = true, features = ["pmtree-ft"] }
+zerokit_utils = { path = "../utils" }
+clap = { version = "4.5.29", features = ["cargo", "derive", "env"] }
+clap_derive = { version = "4.5.28" }
+color-eyre = "0.6.2"
+serde_json = "1.0.138"
+serde = { version = "1.0.217", features = ["derive"] }
 
 [features]
-arkzkey = []
+arkzkey = ["rln/arkzkey"]
+stateless = ["rln/stateless"]

rln-cli/Makefile.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[tasks.build]
+command = "cargo"
+args = ["build", "--release"]
+
+[tasks.test]
+command = "cargo"
+args = ["test", "--release"]
+

rln-cli/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+# Zerokit RLN-CLI
+
+The Zerokit RLN-CLI provides a command-line interface for interacting with the public API of the [Zerokit RLN Module](../rln/README.md).
+
+It also contain:
+
++ [Relay Example](#relay-example) to demonstrate the use of the RLN module for spam prevention.
++ [Stateless Example](#stateless-example) to demonstrate the use of the RLN module for stateless features.
+
+## Configuration
+
+The CLI can be configured using a JSON configuration file (see the [example](example.config.json)).
+
+You can specify the configuration file path using the `RLN_CONFIG_PATH` environment variable:
+
+```bash
+export RLN_CONFIG_PATH=example.config.json
+```
+
+Alternatively, you can provide the configuration file path as an argument for each command:
+
+```bash
+RLN_CONFIG_PATH=example.config.json cargo run -- <SUBCOMMAND> [OPTIONS]
+```
+
+If the configuration file is empty, default settings will be used, but the tree data folder will be temporary and not saved to the preconfigured path.
+
+We recommend using the example config, as all commands (except `new` and `create-with-params`) require an initialized RLN instance.
+
+## Feature Flags
+
+The CLI supports optional features. To enable the **arkzkey** feature, run:
+
+```bash
+cargo run --features arkzkey -- <SUBCOMMAND> [OPTIONS]
+```
+
+For more details, refer to the [Zerokit RLN Module](../rln/README.md) documentation.
+
+## Relay Example
+
+The following [Example](src/examples/relay.rs) demonstrates how RLN enables spam prevention in anonymous environments for multple users.
+
+You can run the example using the following command:
+
+```bash
+cargo run --example relay
+```
+
+or with the **arkzkey** feature flag:
+
+```bash
+cargo run --example relay --features arkzkey
+```
+
+You can also change **MESSAGE_LIMIT** and **TREEE_HEIGHT** in the [relay.rs](src/examples/relay.rs) file to see how the RLN instance behaves with different parameters.
+
+The customize **TREEE_HEIGHT** constant differs from the default value of `20` should follow [Custom Circuit Compilation](../rln/README.md#advanced-custom-circuit-compilation) instructions.
+
+## Stateless Example
+
+The following [Example](src/examples/stateless.rs) demonstrates how RLN can be used for stateless features by creating the Merkle tree outside of RLN instance.
+
+This example function similarly to the [Relay Example](#relay-example) but uses a stateless RLN and seperate Merkle tree.
+
+You can run the example using the following command:
+
+```bash
+cargo run --example stateless --features stateless
+```
+
+or with the **arkzkey** feature flag:
+
+```bash
+cargo run --example stateless --features stateless,arkzkey
+```
+
+## CLI Commands
+
+### Instance Management
+
+To initialize a new RLN instance:
+
+```bash
+cargo run new --tree-height <HEIGHT>
+```
+
+To initialize an RLN instance with custom parameters:
+
+```bash
+cargo run new-with-params --resources-path <PATH> --tree-height <HEIGHT>
+```
+
+To update the Merkle tree height:
+
+```bash
+cargo run set-tree --tree-height <HEIGHT>
+```
+
+### Leaf Operations
+
+To set a single leaf:
+
+```bash
+cargo run set-leaf --index <INDEX> --input <INPUT_PATH>
+```
+
+To set multiple leaves:
+
+```bash
+cargo run set-multiple-leaves --index <START_INDEX> --input <INPUT_PATH>
+```
+
+To reset multiple leaves:
+
+```bash
+cargo run reset-multiple-leaves --input <INPUT_PATH>
+```
+
+To set the next available leaf:
+
+```bash
+cargo run set-next-leaf --input <INPUT_PATH>
+```
+
+To delete a specific leaf:
+
+```bash
+cargo run delete-leaf --index <INDEX>
+```
+
+### Proof Operations
+
+To generate a proof:
+
+```bash
+cargo run prove --input <INPUT_PATH>
+```
+
+To generate an RLN proof:
+
+```bash
+cargo run generate-proof --input <INPUT_PATH>
+```
+
+To verify a proof:
+
+```bash
+cargo run verify --input <PROOF_PATH>
+```
+
+To verify a proof with multiple Merkle roots:
+
+```bash
+cargo run verify-with-roots --input <INPUT_PATH> --roots <ROOTS_PATH>
+```
+
+### Tree Information
+
+To retrieve the current Merkle root:
+
+```bash
+cargo run get-root
+```
+
+To obtain a Merkle proof for a specific index:
+
+```bash
+cargo run get-proof --index <INDEX>
+```

rln-cli/example.config.json

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "tree_config": {
+    "path": "database",
+    "temporary": false,
+    "cache_capacity": 150000,
+    "flush_every_ms": 12000,
+    "mode": "HighThroughput",
+    "use_compression": false
+  },
+  "tree_height": 20
+}

rln-cli/src/commands.rs

@@ -1,49 +1,51 @@
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 use clap::Subcommand;
+use rln::circuit::TEST_TREE_HEIGHT;
 
 #[derive(Subcommand)]
 pub(crate) enum Commands {
     New {
+        #[arg(short, long, default_value_t = TEST_TREE_HEIGHT)]
         tree_height: usize,
-        /// Sets a custom config file
-        #[arg(short, long)]
-        config: PathBuf,
     },
     NewWithParams {
+        #[arg(short, long, default_value_t = TEST_TREE_HEIGHT)]
         tree_height: usize,
-        /// Sets a custom config file
-        #[arg(short, long)]
-        config: PathBuf,
-        #[arg(short, long)]
-        tree_config_input: PathBuf,
+        #[arg(short, long, default_value = "../rln/resources/tree_height_20")]
+        resources_path: PathBuf,
     },
     SetTree {
+        #[arg(short, long, default_value_t = TEST_TREE_HEIGHT)]
         tree_height: usize,
     },
     SetLeaf {
+        #[arg(short, long)]
         index: usize,
         #[arg(short, long)]
-        file: PathBuf,
+        input: PathBuf,
     },
     SetMultipleLeaves {
+        #[arg(short, long)]
         index: usize,
         #[arg(short, long)]
-        file: PathBuf,
+        input: PathBuf,
     },
     ResetMultipleLeaves {
         #[arg(short, long)]
-        file: PathBuf,
+        input: PathBuf,
     },
     SetNextLeaf {
         #[arg(short, long)]
-        file: PathBuf,
+        input: PathBuf,
     },
     DeleteLeaf {
+        #[arg(short, long)]
         index: usize,
     },
     GetRoot,
     GetProof {
+        #[arg(short, long)]
         index: usize,
     },
     Prove {
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ pub(crate) enum Commands {
     },
     Verify {
         #[arg(short, long)]
-        file: PathBuf,
+        input: PathBuf,
     },
     GenerateProof {
         #[arg(short, long)]

rln-cli/src/config.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
-use color_eyre::Result;
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::{fs::File, io::Read, path::PathBuf};
 
-pub const RLN_STATE_PATH: &str = "RLN_STATE_PATH";
+use color_eyre::Result;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+pub const RLN_CONFIG_PATH: &str = "RLN_CONFIG_PATH";
 
 #[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub(crate) struct Config {
@@ -11,19 +13,26 @@ pub(crate) struct Config {
 
 #[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub(crate) struct InnerConfig {
-    pub file: PathBuf,
     pub tree_height: usize,
+    pub tree_config: Value,
 }
 
 impl Config {
     pub(crate) fn load_config() -> Result<Config> {
-        let path = PathBuf::from(std::env::var(RLN_STATE_PATH)?);
+        match std::env::var(RLN_CONFIG_PATH) {
+            Ok(env) => {
+                let path = PathBuf::from(env);
+                let mut file = File::open(path)?;
+                let mut contents = String::new();
+                file.read_to_string(&mut contents)?;
+                let inner: InnerConfig = serde_json::from_str(&contents)?;
+                Ok(Config { inner: Some(inner) })
+            }
+            Err(_) => Ok(Config::default()),
+        }
+    }
 
-        let mut file = File::open(path)?;
-
-        let mut contents = String::new();
-        file.read_to_string(&mut contents)?;
-        let state: Config = serde_json::from_str(&contents)?;
-        Ok(state)
+    pub(crate) fn as_bytes(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        serde_json::to_string(&self.inner).unwrap().into_bytes()
     }
 }

rln-cli/src/examples/relay.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+use std::{
+    collections::HashMap,
+    fs::File,
+    io::{stdin, stdout, Cursor, Read, Write},
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+};
+
+use clap::{Parser, Subcommand};
+use color_eyre::{eyre::eyre, Result};
+use rln::{
+    circuit::Fr,
+    hashers::{hash_to_field, poseidon_hash},
+    protocol::{keygen, prepare_prove_input, prepare_verify_input},
+    public::RLN,
+    utils::{bytes_le_to_fr, fr_to_bytes_le, generate_input_buffer},
+};
+
+const MESSAGE_LIMIT: u32 = 1;
+
+const TREEE_HEIGHT: usize = 20;
+
+#[derive(Parser)]
+#[command(author, version, about, long_about = None)]
+struct Cli {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    command: Commands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum Commands {
+    List,
+    Register,
+    Send {
+        #[arg(short, long)]
+        user_index: usize,
+        #[arg(short, long)]
+        message_id: u32,
+        #[arg(short, long)]
+        signal: String,
+    },
+    Clear,
+    Exit,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct Identity {
+    identity_secret_hash: Fr,
+    id_commitment: Fr,
+}
+
+impl Identity {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        let (identity_secret_hash, id_commitment) = keygen();
+        Identity {
+            identity_secret_hash,
+            id_commitment,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct RLNSystem {
+    rln: RLN,
+    used_nullifiers: HashMap<[u8; 32], Vec<u8>>,
+    local_identities: HashMap<usize, Identity>,
+}
+
+impl RLNSystem {
+    fn new() -> Result<Self> {
+        let mut resources: Vec<Vec<u8>> = Vec::new();
+        let resources_path: PathBuf = format!("../rln/resources/tree_height_{TREEE_HEIGHT}").into();
+        #[cfg(feature = "arkzkey")]
+        let filenames = ["rln_final.arkzkey", "graph.bin"];
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "arkzkey"))]
+        let filenames = ["rln_final.zkey", "graph.bin"];
+        for filename in filenames {
+            let fullpath = resources_path.join(Path::new(filename));
+            let mut file = File::open(&fullpath)?;
+            let metadata = std::fs::metadata(&fullpath)?;
+            let mut output_buffer = vec![0; metadata.len() as usize];
+            file.read_exact(&mut output_buffer)?;
+            resources.push(output_buffer);
+        }
+        let rln = RLN::new_with_params(
+            TREEE_HEIGHT,
+            resources[0].clone(),
+            resources[1].clone(),
+            generate_input_buffer(),
+        )?;
+        println!("RLN instance initialized successfully");
+        Ok(RLNSystem {
+            rln,
+            used_nullifiers: HashMap::new(),
+            local_identities: HashMap::new(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn list_users(&self) {
+        if self.local_identities.is_empty() {
+            println!("No users registered yet.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        println!("Registered users:");
+        for (index, identity) in &self.local_identities {
+            println!("User Index: {index}");
+            println!("+ Identity Secret Hash: {}", identity.identity_secret_hash);
+            println!("+ Identity Commitment: {}", identity.id_commitment);
+            println!();
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn register_user(&mut self) -> Result<usize> {
+        let index = self.rln.leaves_set();
+        let identity = Identity::new();
+
+        let rate_commitment = poseidon_hash(&[identity.id_commitment, Fr::from(MESSAGE_LIMIT)]);
+        let mut buffer = Cursor::new(fr_to_bytes_le(&rate_commitment));
+        match self.rln.set_next_leaf(&mut buffer) {
+            Ok(_) => {
+                println!("Registered User Index: {index}");
+                println!("+ Identity secret hash: {}", identity.identity_secret_hash);
+                println!("+ Identity commitment: {},", identity.id_commitment);
+                self.local_identities.insert(index, identity);
+            }
+            Err(_) => {
+                println!("Maximum user limit reached: 2^{TREEE_HEIGHT}");
+            }
+        };
+
+        Ok(index)
+    }
+
+    fn generate_proof(
+        &mut self,
+        user_index: usize,
+        message_id: u32,
+        signal: &str,
+        external_nullifier: Fr,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+        let identity = match self.local_identities.get(&user_index) {
+            Some(identity) => identity,
+            None => return Err(eyre!("user index {user_index} not found")),
+        };
+
+        let serialized = prepare_prove_input(
+            identity.identity_secret_hash,
+            user_index,
+            Fr::from(MESSAGE_LIMIT),
+            Fr::from(message_id),
+            external_nullifier,
+            signal.as_bytes(),
+        );
+        let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(serialized);
+        let mut output_buffer = Cursor::new(Vec::new());
+        self.rln
+            .generate_rln_proof(&mut input_buffer, &mut output_buffer)?;
+
+        println!("Proof generated successfully:");
+        println!("+ User Index: {user_index}");
+        println!("+ Message ID: {message_id}");
+        println!("+ Signal: {signal}");
+
+        Ok(output_buffer.into_inner())
+    }
+
+    fn verify_proof(&mut self, proof_data: Vec<u8>, signal: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        let proof_with_signal = prepare_verify_input(proof_data.clone(), signal.as_bytes());
+        let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(proof_with_signal);
+
+        match self.rln.verify_rln_proof(&mut input_buffer) {
+            Ok(true) => {
+                let nullifier = &proof_data[256..288];
+                let nullifier_key: [u8; 32] = nullifier.try_into()?;
+
+                if let Some(previous_proof) = self.used_nullifiers.get(&nullifier_key) {
+                    self.handle_duplicate_message_id(previous_proof.clone(), proof_data)?;
+                    return Ok(());
+                }
+                self.used_nullifiers.insert(nullifier_key, proof_data);
+                println!("Message verified and accepted");
+            }
+            Ok(false) => {
+                println!("Verification failed: message_id must be unique within the epoch and satisfy 0 <= message_id < MESSAGE_LIMIT: {MESSAGE_LIMIT}");
+            }
+            Err(err) => return Err(err),
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn handle_duplicate_message_id(
+        &mut self,
+        previous_proof: Vec<u8>,
+        current_proof: Vec<u8>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let x = &current_proof[192..224];
+        let y = &current_proof[224..256];
+
+        let prev_x = &previous_proof[192..224];
+        let prev_y = &previous_proof[224..256];
+        if x == prev_x && y == prev_y {
+            return Err(eyre!("this exact message and signal has already been sent"));
+        }
+
+        let mut proof1 = Cursor::new(previous_proof);
+        let mut proof2 = Cursor::new(current_proof);
+        let mut output = Cursor::new(Vec::new());
+
+        match self
+            .rln
+            .recover_id_secret(&mut proof1, &mut proof2, &mut output)
+        {
+            Ok(_) => {
+                let output_data = output.into_inner();
+                let (leaked_identity_secret_hash, _) = bytes_le_to_fr(&output_data);
+
+                if let Some((user_index, identity)) = self
+                    .local_identities
+                    .iter()
+                    .find(|(_, identity)| {
+                        identity.identity_secret_hash == leaked_identity_secret_hash
+                    })
+                    .map(|(index, identity)| (*index, identity))
+                {
+                    let real_identity_secret_hash = identity.identity_secret_hash;
+                    if leaked_identity_secret_hash != real_identity_secret_hash {
+                        Err(eyre!("identity secret hash mismatch {leaked_identity_secret_hash} != {real_identity_secret_hash}"))
+                    } else {
+                        println!("DUPLICATE message ID detected! Reveal identity secret hash: {leaked_identity_secret_hash}");
+                        self.local_identities.remove(&user_index);
+                        self.rln.delete_leaf(user_index)?;
+                        println!("User index {user_index} has been SLASHED");
+                        Ok(())
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    Err(eyre!(
+                        "user identity secret hash {leaked_identity_secret_hash} not found"
+                    ))
+                }
+            }
+            Err(err) => Err(eyre!("Failed to recover identity secret: {err}")),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() -> Result<()> {
+    println!("Initializing RLN instance...");
+    print!("\x1B[2J\x1B[1;1H");
+    let mut rln_system = RLNSystem::new()?;
+    let rln_epoch = hash_to_field(b"epoch");
+    let rln_identifier = hash_to_field(b"rln-identifier");
+    let external_nullifier = poseidon_hash(&[rln_epoch, rln_identifier]);
+    println!("RLN Relay Example:");
+    println!("Message Limit: {MESSAGE_LIMIT}");
+    println!("----------------------------------");
+    println!();
+    show_commands();
+    loop {
+        print!("\n> ");
+        stdout().flush()?;
+        let mut input = String::new();
+        stdin().read_line(&mut input)?;
+        let trimmed = input.trim();
+        let args = std::iter::once("").chain(trimmed.split_whitespace());
+
+        match Cli::try_parse_from(args) {
+            Ok(cli) => match cli.command {
+                Commands::List => {
+                    rln_system.list_users();
+                }
+                Commands::Register => {
+                    rln_system.register_user()?;
+                }
+                Commands::Send {
+                    user_index,
+                    message_id,
+                    signal,
+                } => {
+                    match rln_system.generate_proof(
+                        user_index,
+                        message_id,
+                        &signal,
+                        external_nullifier,
+                    ) {
+                        Ok(proof) => {
+                            if let Err(err) = rln_system.verify_proof(proof, &signal) {
+                                println!("Verification error: {err}");
+                            };
+                        }
+                        Err(err) => {
+                            println!("Proof generation error: {err}");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                Commands::Clear => {
+                    print!("\x1B[2J\x1B[1;1H");
+                    show_commands();
+                }
+                Commands::Exit => {
+                    break;
+                }
+            },
+            Err(err) => {
+                eprintln!("Command error: {err}");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn show_commands() {
+    println!("Available commands:");
+    println!("  list                                        - List registered users");
+    println!("  register                                    - Register a new user index");
+    println!("  send -u <index> -m <message_id> -s <signal> - Send a message with proof");
+    println!("  clear                                       - Clear the screen");
+    println!("  exit                                        - Exit the program");
+}

rln-cli/src/examples/stateless.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+#![cfg(feature = "stateless")]
+use std::{
+    collections::HashMap,
+    io::{stdin, stdout, Cursor, Write},
+};
+
+use clap::{Parser, Subcommand};
+use color_eyre::{eyre::eyre, Result};
+use rln::{
+    circuit::{Fr, TEST_TREE_HEIGHT},
+    hashers::{hash_to_field, poseidon_hash},
+    poseidon_tree::PoseidonTree,
+    protocol::{keygen, prepare_verify_input, rln_witness_from_values, serialize_witness},
+    public::RLN,
+    utils::{bytes_le_to_fr, fr_to_bytes_le},
+};
+use zerokit_utils::ZerokitMerkleTree;
+
+const MESSAGE_LIMIT: u32 = 1;
+
+type ConfigOf<T> = <T as ZerokitMerkleTree>::Config;
+
+#[derive(Parser)]
+#[command(author, version, about, long_about = None)]
+struct Cli {
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    command: Commands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand)]
+enum Commands {
+    List,
+    Register,
+    Send {
+        #[arg(short, long)]
+        user_index: usize,
+        #[arg(short, long)]
+        message_id: u32,
+        #[arg(short, long)]
+        signal: String,
+    },
+    Clear,
+    Exit,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct Identity {
+    identity_secret_hash: Fr,
+    id_commitment: Fr,
+}
+
+impl Identity {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        let (identity_secret_hash, id_commitment) = keygen();
+        Identity {
+            identity_secret_hash,
+            id_commitment,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct RLNSystem {
+    rln: RLN,
+    tree: PoseidonTree,
+    used_nullifiers: HashMap<[u8; 32], Vec<u8>>,
+    local_identities: HashMap<usize, Identity>,
+}
+
+impl RLNSystem {
+    fn new() -> Result<Self> {
+        let rln = RLN::new()?;
+        let default_leaf = Fr::from(0);
+        let tree = PoseidonTree::new(
+            TEST_TREE_HEIGHT,
+            default_leaf,
+            ConfigOf::<PoseidonTree>::default(),
+        )?;
+
+        Ok(RLNSystem {
+            rln,
+            tree,
+            used_nullifiers: HashMap::new(),
+            local_identities: HashMap::new(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn list_users(&self) {
+        if self.local_identities.is_empty() {
+            println!("No users registered yet.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        println!("Registered users:");
+        for (index, identity) in &self.local_identities {
+            println!("User Index: {index}");
+            println!("+ Identity Secret Hash: {}", identity.identity_secret_hash);
+            println!("+ Identity Commitment: {}", identity.id_commitment);
+            println!();
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn register_user(&mut self) -> Result<usize> {
+        let index = self.tree.leaves_set();
+        let identity = Identity::new();
+
+        let rate_commitment = poseidon_hash(&[identity.id_commitment, Fr::from(MESSAGE_LIMIT)]);
+        self.tree.update_next(rate_commitment)?;
+
+        println!("Registered User Index: {index}");
+        println!("+ Identity secret hash: {}", identity.identity_secret_hash);
+        println!("+ Identity commitment: {}", identity.id_commitment);
+
+        self.local_identities.insert(index, identity);
+        Ok(index)
+    }
+
+    fn generate_proof(
+        &mut self,
+        user_index: usize,
+        message_id: u32,
+        signal: &str,
+        external_nullifier: Fr,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+        let identity = match self.local_identities.get(&user_index) {
+            Some(identity) => identity,
+            None => return Err(eyre!("user index {user_index} not found")),
+        };
+
+        let merkle_proof = self.tree.proof(user_index)?;
+
+        let rln_witness = rln_witness_from_values(
+            identity.identity_secret_hash,
+            &merkle_proof,
+            hash_to_field(signal.as_bytes()),
+            external_nullifier,
+            Fr::from(MESSAGE_LIMIT),
+            Fr::from(message_id),
+        )?;
+
+        let serialized = serialize_witness(&rln_witness)?;
+        let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(serialized);
+        let mut output_buffer = Cursor::new(Vec::new());
+
+        self.rln
+            .generate_rln_proof_with_witness(&mut input_buffer, &mut output_buffer)?;
+
+        println!("Proof generated successfully:");
+        println!("+ User Index: {user_index}");
+        println!("+ Message ID: {message_id}");
+        println!("+ Signal: {signal}");
+
+        Ok(output_buffer.into_inner())
+    }
+
+    fn verify_proof(&mut self, proof_data: Vec<u8>, signal: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        let proof_with_signal = prepare_verify_input(proof_data.clone(), signal.as_bytes());
+        let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(proof_with_signal);
+
+        let root = self.tree.root();
+        let root_serialized = fr_to_bytes_le(&root);
+        let mut root_buffer = Cursor::new(root_serialized);
+
+        match self
+            .rln
+            .verify_with_roots(&mut input_buffer, &mut root_buffer)
+        {
+            Ok(true) => {
+                let nullifier = &proof_data[256..288];
+                let nullifier_key: [u8; 32] = nullifier.try_into()?;
+
+                if let Some(previous_proof) = self.used_nullifiers.get(&nullifier_key) {
+                    self.handle_duplicate_message_id(previous_proof.clone(), proof_data)?;
+                    return Ok(());
+                }
+                self.used_nullifiers.insert(nullifier_key, proof_data);
+                println!("Message verified and accepted");
+            }
+            Ok(false) => {
+                println!("Verification failed: message_id must be unique within the epoch and satisfy 0 <= message_id < MESSAGE_LIMIT: {MESSAGE_LIMIT}");
+            }
+            Err(err) => return Err(err.into()),
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn handle_duplicate_message_id(
+        &mut self,
+        previous_proof: Vec<u8>,
+        current_proof: Vec<u8>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let x = &current_proof[192..224];
+        let y = &current_proof[224..256];
+
+        let prev_x = &previous_proof[192..224];
+        let prev_y = &previous_proof[224..256];
+        if x == prev_x && y == prev_y {
+            return Err(eyre!("this exact message and signal has already been sent"));
+        }
+
+        let mut proof1 = Cursor::new(previous_proof);
+        let mut proof2 = Cursor::new(current_proof);
+        let mut output = Cursor::new(Vec::new());
+
+        match self
+            .rln
+            .recover_id_secret(&mut proof1, &mut proof2, &mut output)
+        {
+            Ok(_) => {
+                let output_data = output.into_inner();
+                let (leaked_identity_secret_hash, _) = bytes_le_to_fr(&output_data);
+
+                if let Some((user_index, identity)) = self
+                    .local_identities
+                    .iter()
+                    .find(|(_, identity)| {
+                        identity.identity_secret_hash == leaked_identity_secret_hash
+                    })
+                    .map(|(index, identity)| (*index, identity))
+                {
+                    let real_identity_secret_hash = identity.identity_secret_hash;
+                    if leaked_identity_secret_hash != real_identity_secret_hash {
+                        Err(eyre!("identity secret hash mismatch {leaked_identity_secret_hash} != {real_identity_secret_hash}"))
+                    } else {
+                        println!("DUPLICATE message ID detected! Reveal identity secret hash: {leaked_identity_secret_hash}");
+                        self.local_identities.remove(&user_index);
+                        println!("User index {user_index} has been SLASHED");
+                        Ok(())
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    Err(eyre!(
+                        "user identity secret hash {leaked_identity_secret_hash} not found"
+                    ))
+                }
+            }
+            Err(err) => Err(eyre!("Failed to recover identity secret: {err}")),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() -> Result<()> {
+    println!("Initializing RLN instance...");
+    print!("\x1B[2J\x1B[1;1H");
+    let mut rln_system = RLNSystem::new()?;
+    let rln_epoch = hash_to_field(b"epoch");
+    let rln_identifier = hash_to_field(b"rln-identifier");
+    let external_nullifier = poseidon_hash(&[rln_epoch, rln_identifier]);
+    println!("RLN Stateless Relay Example:");
+    println!("Message Limit: {MESSAGE_LIMIT}");
+    println!("----------------------------------");
+    println!();
+    show_commands();
+
+    loop {
+        print!("\n> ");
+        stdout().flush()?;
+        let mut input = String::new();
+        stdin().read_line(&mut input)?;
+        let trimmed = input.trim();
+        let args = std::iter::once("").chain(trimmed.split_whitespace());
+
+        match Cli::try_parse_from(args) {
+            Ok(cli) => match cli.command {
+                Commands::List => {
+                    rln_system.list_users();
+                }
+                Commands::Register => {
+                    rln_system.register_user()?;
+                }
+                Commands::Send {
+                    user_index,
+                    message_id,
+                    signal,
+                } => {
+                    match rln_system.generate_proof(
+                        user_index,
+                        message_id,
+                        &signal,
+                        external_nullifier,
+                    ) {
+                        Ok(proof) => {
+                            if let Err(err) = rln_system.verify_proof(proof, &signal) {
+                                println!("Verification error: {err}");
+                            };
+                        }
+                        Err(err) => {
+                            println!("Proof generation error: {err}");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                Commands::Clear => {
+                    print!("\x1B[2J\x1B[1;1H");
+                    show_commands();
+                }
+                Commands::Exit => {
+                    break;
+                }
+            },
+            Err(err) => {
+                eprintln!("Command error: {err}");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn show_commands() {
+    println!("Available commands:");
+    println!("  list                                        - List registered users");
+    println!("  register                                    - Register a new user index");
+    println!("  send -u <index> -m <message_id> -s <signal> - Send a message with proof");
+    println!("  clear                                       - Clear the screen");
+    println!("  exit                                        - Exit the program");
+}

rln-cli/src/main.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,18 @@
-use std::{fs::File, io::Read, path::Path};
+use std::{
+    fs::File,
+    io::{Cursor, Read},
+    path::Path,
+};
 
 use clap::Parser;
-use color_eyre::{Report, Result};
+use color_eyre::{eyre::Report, Result};
 use commands::Commands;
-use rln::public::RLN;
+use config::{Config, InnerConfig};
+use rln::{
+    public::RLN,
+    utils::{bytes_le_to_fr, bytes_le_to_vec_fr},
+};
+use serde_json::json;
 use state::State;
 
 mod commands;
@@ -20,77 +29,97 @@ struct Cli {
 fn main() -> Result<()> {
     let cli = Cli::parse();
 
-    let mut state = State::load_state()?;
+    let mut state = match &cli.command {
+        Some(Commands::New { .. }) | Some(Commands::NewWithParams { .. }) => State::default(),
+        _ => State::load_state()?,
+    };
 
-    match &cli.command {
-        Some(Commands::New {
-            tree_height,
-            config,
-        }) => {
-            let resources = File::open(config)?;
-            state.rln = Some(RLN::new(*tree_height, resources)?);
+    match cli.command {
+        Some(Commands::New { tree_height }) => {
+            let config = Config::load_config()?;
+            state.rln = if let Some(InnerConfig { tree_height, .. }) = config.inner {
+                println!("Initializing RLN with custom config");
+                Some(RLN::new(tree_height, Cursor::new(config.as_bytes()))?)
+            } else {
+                println!("Initializing RLN with default config");
+                Some(RLN::new(tree_height, Cursor::new(json!({}).to_string()))?)
+            };
             Ok(())
         }
         Some(Commands::NewWithParams {
             tree_height,
-            config,
-            tree_config_input,
+            resources_path,
         }) => {
             let mut resources: Vec<Vec<u8>> = Vec::new();
             #[cfg(feature = "arkzkey")]
-            let filenames = ["rln_final.arkzkey", "verification_key.arkvkey"];
+            let filenames = ["rln_final.arkzkey", "graph.bin"];
             #[cfg(not(feature = "arkzkey"))]
-            let filenames = ["rln_final.zkey", "verification_key.arkvkey"];
+            let filenames = ["rln_final.zkey", "graph.bin"];
             for filename in filenames {
-                let fullpath = config.join(Path::new(filename));
+                let fullpath = resources_path.join(Path::new(filename));
                 let mut file = File::open(&fullpath)?;
                 let metadata = std::fs::metadata(&fullpath)?;
-                let mut buffer = vec![0; metadata.len() as usize];
-                file.read_exact(&mut buffer)?;
-                resources.push(buffer);
+                let mut output_buffer = vec![0; metadata.len() as usize];
+                file.read_exact(&mut output_buffer)?;
+                resources.push(output_buffer);
             }
-            let tree_config_input_file = File::open(tree_config_input)?;
-            state.rln = Some(RLN::new_with_params(
-                *tree_height,
-                resources[0].clone(),
-                resources[1].clone(),
-                tree_config_input_file,
-            )?);
+            let config = Config::load_config()?;
+            if let Some(InnerConfig {
+                tree_height,
+                tree_config,
+            }) = config.inner
+            {
+                println!("Initializing RLN with custom config");
+                state.rln = Some(RLN::new_with_params(
+                    tree_height,
+                    resources[0].clone(),
+                    resources[1].clone(),
+                    Cursor::new(tree_config.to_string().as_bytes()),
+                )?)
+            } else {
+                println!("Initializing RLN with default config");
+                state.rln = Some(RLN::new_with_params(
+                    tree_height,
+                    resources[0].clone(),
+                    resources[1].clone(),
+                    Cursor::new(json!({}).to_string()),
+                )?)
+            };
             Ok(())
         }
         Some(Commands::SetTree { tree_height }) => {
             state
                 .rln
                 .ok_or(Report::msg("no RLN instance initialized"))?
-                .set_tree(*tree_height)?;
+                .set_tree(tree_height)?;
             Ok(())
         }
-        Some(Commands::SetLeaf { index, file }) => {
-            let input_data = File::open(file)?;
+        Some(Commands::SetLeaf { index, input }) => {
+            let input_data = File::open(input)?;
             state
                 .rln
                 .ok_or(Report::msg("no RLN instance initialized"))?
-                .set_leaf(*index, input_data)?;
+                .set_leaf(index, input_data)?;
             Ok(())
         }
-        Some(Commands::SetMultipleLeaves { index, file }) => {
-            let input_data = File::open(file)?;
+        Some(Commands::SetMultipleLeaves { index, input }) => {
+            let input_data = File::open(input)?;
             state
                 .rln
                 .ok_or(Report::msg("no RLN instance initialized"))?
-                .set_leaves_from(*index, input_data)?;
+                .set_leaves_from(index, input_data)?;
             Ok(())
         }
-        Some(Commands::ResetMultipleLeaves { file }) => {
-            let input_data = File::open(file)?;
+        Some(Commands::ResetMultipleLeaves { input }) => {
+            let input_data = File::open(input)?;
             state
                 .rln
                 .ok_or(Report::msg("no RLN instance initialized"))?
                 .init_tree_with_leaves(input_data)?;
             Ok(())
         }
-        Some(Commands::SetNextLeaf { file }) => {
-            let input_data = File::open(file)?;
+        Some(Commands::SetNextLeaf { input }) => {
+            let input_data = File::open(input)?;
             state
                 .rln
                 .ok_or(Report::msg("no RLN instance initialized"))?
@@ -101,49 +130,38 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
             state
                 .rln
                 .ok_or(Report::msg("no RLN instance initialized"))?
-                .delete_leaf(*index)?;
-            Ok(())
-        }
-        Some(Commands::GetRoot) => {
-            let writer = std::io::stdout();
-            state
-                .rln
-                .ok_or(Report::msg("no RLN instance initialized"))?
-                .get_root(writer)?;
-            Ok(())
-        }
-        Some(Commands::GetProof { index }) => {
-            let writer = std::io::stdout();
-            state
-                .rln
-                .ok_or(Report::msg("no RLN instance initialized"))?
-                .get_proof(*index, writer)?;
+                .delete_leaf(index)?;
             Ok(())
         }
         Some(Commands::Prove { input }) => {
             let input_data = File::open(input)?;
-            let writer = std::io::stdout();
+            let mut output_buffer = Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
             state
                 .rln
                 .ok_or(Report::msg("no RLN instance initialized"))?
-                .prove(input_data, writer)?;
+                .prove(input_data, &mut output_buffer)?;
+            let proof = output_buffer.into_inner();
+            println!("proof: {:?}", proof);
             Ok(())
         }
-        Some(Commands::Verify { file }) => {
-            let input_data = File::open(file)?;
-            state
+        Some(Commands::Verify { input }) => {
+            let input_data = File::open(input)?;
+            let verified = state
                 .rln
                 .ok_or(Report::msg("no RLN instance initialized"))?
                 .verify(input_data)?;
+            println!("verified: {:?}", verified);
             Ok(())
         }
         Some(Commands::GenerateProof { input }) => {
             let input_data = File::open(input)?;
-            let writer = std::io::stdout();
+            let mut output_buffer = Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
             state
                 .rln
                 .ok_or(Report::msg("no RLN instance initialized"))?
-                .generate_rln_proof(input_data, writer)?;
+                .generate_rln_proof(input_data, &mut output_buffer)?;
+            let proof = output_buffer.into_inner();
+            println!("proof: {:?}", proof);
             Ok(())
         }
         Some(Commands::VerifyWithRoots { input, roots }) => {
@@ -155,6 +173,30 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
                 .verify_with_roots(input_data, roots_data)?;
             Ok(())
         }
+        Some(Commands::GetRoot) => {
+            let mut output_buffer = Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
+            state
+                .rln
+                .ok_or(Report::msg("no RLN instance initialized"))?
+                .get_root(&mut output_buffer)
+                .unwrap();
+            let (root, _) = bytes_le_to_fr(&output_buffer.into_inner());
+            println!("root: {root}");
+            Ok(())
+        }
+        Some(Commands::GetProof { index }) => {
+            let mut output_buffer = Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
+            state
+                .rln
+                .ok_or(Report::msg("no RLN instance initialized"))?
+                .get_proof(index, &mut output_buffer)?;
+            let output_buffer_inner = output_buffer.into_inner();
+            let (path_elements, _) = bytes_le_to_vec_fr(&output_buffer_inner)?;
+            for (index, element) in path_elements.iter().enumerate() {
+                println!("path element {}: {}", index, element);
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        }
         None => Ok(()),
     }
 }

rln-cli/src/state.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+use std::io::Cursor;
+
 use color_eyre::Result;
 use rln::public::RLN;
-use std::fs::File;
 
 use crate::config::{Config, InnerConfig};
 
@@ -12,9 +13,8 @@ pub(crate) struct State {
 impl State {
     pub(crate) fn load_state() -> Result<State> {
         let config = Config::load_config()?;
-        let rln = if let Some(InnerConfig { file, tree_height }) = config.inner {
-            let resources = File::open(&file)?;
-            Some(RLN::new(tree_height, resources)?)
+        let rln = if let Some(InnerConfig { tree_height, .. }) = config.inner {
+            Some(RLN::new(tree_height, Cursor::new(config.as_bytes()))?)
         } else {
             None
         };

rln-wasm/.gitignore

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-/target
-**/*.rs.bk
-Cargo.lock
-bin/
-pkg/
-wasm-pack.log

rln-wasm/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "rln-wasm"
-version = "0.0.13"
-edition = "2021"
-license = "MIT or Apache2"
-
-[lib]
-crate-type = ["cdylib", "rlib"]
-
-[features]
-default = ["console_error_panic_hook"]
-
-[dependencies]
-rln = { path = "../rln", default-features = false, features = [
-    "wasm",
-    "stateless",
-] }
-num-bigint = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = [
-    "rand",
-    "serde",
-] }
-wasmer = { version = "2.3", default-features = false, features = ["js", "std"] }
-web-sys = { version = "0.3", features = ["console"] }
-getrandom = { version = "0.2.7", default-features = false, features = ["js"] }
-wasm-bindgen = "0.2.63"
-serde-wasm-bindgen = "0.4"
-js-sys = "0.3.59"
-serde_json = "1.0.85"
-
-# The `console_error_panic_hook` crate provides better debugging of panics by
-# logging them with `console.error`. This is great for development, but requires
-# all the `std::fmt` and `std::panicking` infrastructure, so isn't great for
-# code size when deploying.
-console_error_panic_hook = { version = "0.1.7", optional = true }
-zerokit_utils = { version = "0.5.1", path = "../utils" }
-
-[dev-dependencies]
-wasm-bindgen-test = "0.3.13"
-wasm-bindgen-futures = "0.4.33"

rln-wasm/Makefile.toml

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-[tasks.pack-build]
-command = "wasm-pack"
-args = ["build", "--release", "--target", "web", "--scope", "waku"]
-
-[tasks.pack-rename]
-script = "sed -i.bak 's/rln-wasm/zerokit-rln-wasm/g' pkg/package.json && rm pkg/package.json.bak"
-
-[tasks.build]
-clear = true
-dependencies = ["pack-build", "pack-rename", "post-build"]
-
-[tasks.post-build]
-command = "wasm-strip"
-args = ["./pkg/rln_wasm_bg.wasm"]
-
-[tasks.test]
-command = "wasm-pack"
-args = ["test", "--release", "--node"]
-dependencies = ["build"]
-
-[tasks.login]
-command = "wasm-pack"
-args = ["login"]
-
-[tasks.publish]
-command = "wasm-pack"
-args = ["publish", "--access", "public", "--target", "web"]
-
-[tasks.bench]
-command = "echo"
-args = ["'No benchmarks available for this project'"]

rln-wasm/README.md

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-# RLN for WASM
-This library is used in [waku-org/js-rln](https://github.com/waku-org/js-rln/)
-
-## Building the library
-1. Install `wasm-pack`
-```
-curl https://rustwasm.github.io/wasm-pack/installer/init.sh -sSf | sh
-```
-2. Install `cargo-make`
-```
-cargo install cargo-make
-```
-
-OR
-
-```
-make installdeps
-```
-3. Compile zerokit for `wasm32-unknown-unknown`:
-```
-cd rln-wasm
-cargo make build
-```
-4. Compile a slimmer version of zerokit for `wasm32-unknown-unknown`:
-```
-cd rln-wasm
-cargo make post-build
-```
-
-## Running tests
-```
-cd rln-wasm
-cargo make test
-```
-
-## Publishing a npm package
-```
-cd rln-wasm
-cargo make login
-cargo make publish
-```

rln-wasm/resources/witness_calculator.js

@@ -1,331 +0,0 @@
-module.exports = async function builder(code, options) {
-
-    options = options || {};
-
-    let wasmModule;
-    try {
-	wasmModule = await WebAssembly.compile(code);
-    }  catch (err) {
-	console.log(err);
-	console.log("\nTry to run circom --c in order to generate c++ code instead\n");
-	throw new Error(err);
-    }
-
-    let wc;
-
-    let errStr = "";
-    let msgStr = "";
-    
-    const instance = await WebAssembly.instantiate(wasmModule, {
-        runtime: {
-            exceptionHandler : function(code) {
-		let err;
-                if (code == 1) {
-                    err = "Signal not found.\n";
-                } else if (code == 2) {
-                    err = "Too many signals set.\n";
-                } else if (code == 3) {
-                    err = "Signal already set.\n";
-		} else if (code == 4) {
-                    err = "Assert Failed.\n";
-		} else if (code == 5) {
-                    err = "Not enough memory.\n";
-		} else if (code == 6) {
-                    err = "Input signal array access exceeds the size.\n";
-		} else {
-		    err = "Unknown error.\n";
-                }
-                throw new Error(err + errStr);
-            },
-	    printErrorMessage : function() {
-		errStr += getMessage() + "\n";
-                // console.error(getMessage());
-	    },
-	    writeBufferMessage : function() {
-			const msg = getMessage();
-			// Any calls to `log()` will always end with a `\n`, so that's when we print and reset
-			if (msg === "\n") {
-				console.log(msgStr);
-				msgStr = "";
-			} else {
-				// If we've buffered other content, put a space in between the items
-				if (msgStr !== "") {
-					msgStr += " "
-				}
-				// Then append the message to the message we are creating
-				msgStr += msg;
-			}
-	    },
-	    showSharedRWMemory : function() {
-		printSharedRWMemory ();
-            }
-
-        }
-    });
-
-    const sanityCheck =
-        options
-//        options &&
-//        (
-//            options.sanityCheck ||
-//            options.logGetSignal ||
-//            options.logSetSignal ||
-//            options.logStartComponent ||
-//            options.logFinishComponent
-//        );
-
-    
-    wc = new WitnessCalculator(instance, sanityCheck);
-    return wc;
-
-    function getMessage() {
-        var message = "";
-	var c = instance.exports.getMessageChar();
-        while ( c != 0 ) {
-	    message += String.fromCharCode(c);
-	    c = instance.exports.getMessageChar();
-	}
-        return message;
-    }
-	
-    function printSharedRWMemory () {
-	const shared_rw_memory_size = instance.exports.getFieldNumLen32();
-	const arr = new Uint32Array(shared_rw_memory_size);
-	for (let j=0; j<shared_rw_memory_size; j++) {
-	    arr[shared_rw_memory_size-1-j] = instance.exports.readSharedRWMemory(j);
-	}
-
-	// If we've buffered other content, put a space in between the items
-	if (msgStr !== "") {
-		msgStr += " "
-	}
-	// Then append the value to the message we are creating
-	msgStr += (fromArray32(arr).toString());
-	}
-
-};
-
-class WitnessCalculator {
-    constructor(instance, sanityCheck) {
-        this.instance = instance;
-
-	this.version = this.instance.exports.getVersion();
-        this.n32 = this.instance.exports.getFieldNumLen32();
-
-        this.instance.exports.getRawPrime();
-        const arr = new Uint32Array(this.n32);
-        for (let i=0; i<this.n32; i++) {
-            arr[this.n32-1-i] = this.instance.exports.readSharedRWMemory(i);
-        }
-        this.prime = fromArray32(arr);
-
-        this.witnessSize = this.instance.exports.getWitnessSize();
-
-        this.sanityCheck = sanityCheck;
-    }
-    
-    circom_version() {
-	return this.instance.exports.getVersion();
-    }
-
-    async _doCalculateWitness(input, sanityCheck) {
-	//input is assumed to be a map from signals to arrays of bigints
-        this.instance.exports.init((this.sanityCheck || sanityCheck) ? 1 : 0);
-        const keys = Object.keys(input);
-	var input_counter = 0;
-        keys.forEach( (k) => {
-            const h = fnvHash(k);
-            const hMSB = parseInt(h.slice(0,8), 16);
-            const hLSB = parseInt(h.slice(8,16), 16);
-            const fArr = flatArray(input[k]);
-	    let signalSize = this.instance.exports.getInputSignalSize(hMSB, hLSB);
-	    if (signalSize < 0){
-		throw new Error(`Signal ${k} not found\n`);
-	    }
-	    if (fArr.length < signalSize) {
-		throw new Error(`Not enough values for input signal ${k}\n`);
-	    }
-	    if (fArr.length > signalSize) {
-		throw new Error(`Too many values for input signal ${k}\n`);
-	    }
-            for (let i=0; i<fArr.length; i++) {
-                const arrFr = toArray32(BigInt(fArr[i])%this.prime,this.n32)
-                for (let j=0; j<this.n32; j++) {
-		    this.instance.exports.writeSharedRWMemory(j,arrFr[this.n32-1-j]);
-		}
-		try {
-                    this.instance.exports.setInputSignal(hMSB, hLSB,i);
-		    input_counter++;
-		} catch (err) {
-		    // console.log(`After adding signal ${i} of ${k}`)
-                    throw new Error(err);
-		}
-            }
-
-        });
-	if (input_counter < this.instance.exports.getInputSize()) {
-	    throw new Error(`Not all inputs have been set. Only ${input_counter} out of ${this.instance.exports.getInputSize()}`);
-	}
-    }
-
-    async calculateWitness(input, sanityCheck) {
-
-        const w = [];
-
-        await this._doCalculateWitness(input, sanityCheck);
-
-        for (let i=0; i<this.witnessSize; i++) {
-            this.instance.exports.getWitness(i);
-	    const arr = new Uint32Array(this.n32);
-            for (let j=0; j<this.n32; j++) {
-            arr[this.n32-1-j] = this.instance.exports.readSharedRWMemory(j);
-            }
-            w.push(fromArray32(arr));
-        }
-
-        return w;
-    }
-    
-
-    async calculateBinWitness(input, sanityCheck) {
-
-        const buff32 = new Uint32Array(this.witnessSize*this.n32);
-	const buff = new  Uint8Array( buff32.buffer);
-        await this._doCalculateWitness(input, sanityCheck);
-
-        for (let i=0; i<this.witnessSize; i++) {
-            this.instance.exports.getWitness(i);
-	    const pos = i*this.n32;
-            for (let j=0; j<this.n32; j++) {
-		buff32[pos+j] = this.instance.exports.readSharedRWMemory(j);
-            }
-        }
-
-	return buff;
-    }
-    
-
-    async calculateWTNSBin(input, sanityCheck) {
-
-        const buff32 = new Uint32Array(this.witnessSize*this.n32+this.n32+11);
-	const buff = new  Uint8Array( buff32.buffer);
-        await this._doCalculateWitness(input, sanityCheck);
-  
-	//"wtns"
-	buff[0] = "w".charCodeAt(0)
-	buff[1] = "t".charCodeAt(0)
-	buff[2] = "n".charCodeAt(0)
-	buff[3] = "s".charCodeAt(0)
-
-	//version 2
-	buff32[1] = 2;
-
-	//number of sections: 2
-	buff32[2] = 2;
-
-	//id section 1
-	buff32[3] = 1;
-
-	const n8 = this.n32*4;
-	//id section 1 length in 64bytes
-	const idSection1length = 8 + n8;
-	const idSection1lengthHex = idSection1length.toString(16);
-        buff32[4] = parseInt(idSection1lengthHex.slice(0,8), 16);
-        buff32[5] = parseInt(idSection1lengthHex.slice(8,16), 16);
-
-	//this.n32
-	buff32[6] = n8;
-
-	//prime number
-	this.instance.exports.getRawPrime();
-
-	var pos = 7;
-        for (let j=0; j<this.n32; j++) {
-	    buff32[pos+j] = this.instance.exports.readSharedRWMemory(j);
-        }
-	pos += this.n32;
-
-	// witness size
-	buff32[pos] = this.witnessSize;
-	pos++;
-
-	//id section 2
-	buff32[pos] = 2;
-	pos++;
-
-	// section 2 length
-	const idSection2length = n8*this.witnessSize;
-	const idSection2lengthHex = idSection2length.toString(16);
-        buff32[pos] = parseInt(idSection2lengthHex.slice(0,8), 16);
-        buff32[pos+1] = parseInt(idSection2lengthHex.slice(8,16), 16);
-
-	pos += 2;
-        for (let i=0; i<this.witnessSize; i++) {
-            this.instance.exports.getWitness(i);
-            for (let j=0; j<this.n32; j++) {
-		buff32[pos+j] = this.instance.exports.readSharedRWMemory(j);
-            }
-	    pos += this.n32;
-        }
-
-	return buff;
-    }
-
-}
-
-
-function toArray32(rem,size) {
-    const res = []; //new Uint32Array(size); //has no unshift
-    const radix = BigInt(0x100000000);
-    while (rem) {
-        res.unshift( Number(rem % radix));
-        rem = rem / radix;
-    }
-    if (size) {
-	var i = size - res.length;
-	while (i>0) {
-	    res.unshift(0);
-	    i--;
-	}
-    }
-    return res;
-}
-
-function fromArray32(arr) { //returns a BigInt
-    var res = BigInt(0);
-    const radix = BigInt(0x100000000);
-    for (let i = 0; i<arr.length; i++) {
-        res = res*radix + BigInt(arr[i]);
-    }
-    return res;
-}
-
-function flatArray(a) {
-    var res = [];
-    fillArray(res, a);
-    return res;
-
-    function fillArray(res, a) {
-        if (Array.isArray(a)) {
-            for (let i=0; i<a.length; i++) {
-                fillArray(res, a[i]);
-            }
-        } else {
-            res.push(a);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-function fnvHash(str) {
-    const uint64_max = BigInt(2) ** BigInt(64);
-    let hash = BigInt("0xCBF29CE484222325");
-    for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
-	hash ^= BigInt(str[i].charCodeAt());
-	hash *= BigInt(0x100000001B3);
-	hash %= uint64_max;
-    }
-    let shash = hash.toString(16);
-    let n = 16 - shash.length;
-    shash = '0'.repeat(n).concat(shash);
-    return shash;
-}

rln-wasm/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,320 +0,0 @@
-#![cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
-
-extern crate wasm_bindgen;
-extern crate web_sys;
-
-use std::vec::Vec;
-
-use js_sys::{BigInt as JsBigInt, Object, Uint8Array};
-use num_bigint::BigInt;
-use rln::public::{hash, poseidon_hash, RLN};
-use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
-
-#[wasm_bindgen]
-pub fn init_panic_hook() {
-    console_error_panic_hook::set_once();
-}
-
-#[wasm_bindgen(js_name = RLN)]
-pub struct RLNWrapper {
-    // The purpose of this wrapper is to hold a RLN instance with the 'static lifetime
-    // because wasm_bindgen does not allow returning elements with lifetimes
-    instance: RLN,
-}
-
-// Macro to call methods with arbitrary amount of arguments,
-// which have the last argument is output buffer pointer
-// First argument to the macro is context,
-// second is the actual method on `RLN`
-// third is the aforementioned output buffer argument
-// rest are all other arguments to the method
-macro_rules! call_with_output_and_error_msg {
-    // this variant is needed for the case when
-    // there are zero other arguments
-    ($instance:expr, $method:ident, $error_msg:expr) => {
-        {
-            let mut output_data: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-            let new_instance = $instance.process();
-            if let Err(err) = new_instance.instance.$method(&mut output_data) {
-                std::mem::forget(output_data);
-                Err(format!("Msg: {:#?}, Error: {:#?}", $error_msg, err))
-            } else {
-                let result = Uint8Array::from(&output_data[..]);
-                std::mem::forget(output_data);
-                Ok(result)
-            }
-        }
-    };
-    ($instance:expr, $method:ident, $error_msg:expr, $( $arg:expr ),* ) => {
-        {
-            let mut output_data: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-            let new_instance = $instance.process();
-            if let Err(err) = new_instance.instance.$method($($arg.process()),*, &mut output_data) {
-                std::mem::forget(output_data);
-                Err(format!("Msg: {:#?}, Error: {:#?}", $error_msg, err))
-            } else {
-                let result = Uint8Array::from(&output_data[..]);
-                std::mem::forget(output_data);
-                Ok(result)
-            }
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-// Macro to call_with_error_msg methods with arbitrary amount of arguments,
-// First argument to the macro is context,
-// second is the actual method on `RLNWrapper`
-// rest are all other arguments to the method
-macro_rules! call_with_error_msg {
-    ($instance:expr, $method:ident, $error_msg:expr $(, $arg:expr)*) => {
-        {
-            let new_instance: &mut RLNWrapper = $instance.process();
-            if let Err(err) = new_instance.instance.$method($($arg.process()),*) {
-                Err(format!("Msg: {:#?}, Error: {:#?}", $error_msg, err))
-            } else {
-                Ok(())
-            }
-
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-macro_rules! call {
-    ($instance:expr, $method:ident $(, $arg:expr)*) => {
-        {
-            let new_instance: &mut RLNWrapper = $instance.process();
-            new_instance.instance.$method($($arg.process()),*)
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-macro_rules! call_bool_method_with_error_msg {
-    ($instance:expr, $method:ident, $error_msg:expr $(, $arg:expr)*) => {
-        {
-            let new_instance: &RLNWrapper = $instance.process();
-            new_instance.instance.$method($($arg.process()),*).map_err(|err| format!("Msg: {:#?}, Error: {:#?}", $error_msg, err))
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// Macro to execute a function with arbitrary amount of arguments,
-// First argument is the function to execute
-// Rest are all other arguments to the method
-macro_rules! fn_call_with_output_and_error_msg {
-    // this variant is needed for the case when
-    // there are zero other arguments
-    ($func:ident, $error_msg:expr) => {
-        {
-            let mut output_data: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-            if let Err(err) = $func(&mut output_data) {
-                std::mem::forget(output_data);
-                Err(format!("Msg: {:#?}, Error: {:#?}", $error_msg, err))
-            } else {
-                let result = Uint8Array::from(&output_data[..]);
-                std::mem::forget(output_data);
-                Ok(result)
-            }
-        }
-    };
-    ($func:ident, $error_msg:expr, $( $arg:expr ),* ) => {
-        {
-            let mut output_data: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-            if let Err(err) = $func($($arg.process()),*, &mut output_data) {
-                std::mem::forget(output_data);
-                Err(format!("Msg: {:#?}, Error: {:#?}", $error_msg, err))
-            } else {
-                let result = Uint8Array::from(&output_data[..]);
-                std::mem::forget(output_data);
-                Ok(result)
-            }
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-trait ProcessArg {
-    type ReturnType;
-    fn process(self) -> Self::ReturnType;
-}
-
-impl ProcessArg for usize {
-    type ReturnType = usize;
-    fn process(self) -> Self::ReturnType {
-        self
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T> ProcessArg for Vec<T> {
-    type ReturnType = Vec<T>;
-    fn process(self) -> Self::ReturnType {
-        self
-    }
-}
-
-impl ProcessArg for *const RLN {
-    type ReturnType = &'static RLN;
-    fn process(self) -> Self::ReturnType {
-        unsafe { &*self }
-    }
-}
-
-impl ProcessArg for *const RLNWrapper {
-    type ReturnType = &'static RLNWrapper;
-    fn process(self) -> Self::ReturnType {
-        unsafe { &*self }
-    }
-}
-
-impl ProcessArg for *mut RLNWrapper {
-    type ReturnType = &'static mut RLNWrapper;
-    fn process(self) -> Self::ReturnType {
-        unsafe { &mut *self }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> ProcessArg for &'a [u8] {
-    type ReturnType = &'a [u8];
-
-    fn process(self) -> Self::ReturnType {
-        self
-    }
-}
-
-#[allow(clippy::not_unsafe_ptr_arg_deref)]
-#[wasm_bindgen(js_name = newRLN)]
-pub fn wasm_new(
-    zkey: Uint8Array,
-    vk: Uint8Array,
-) -> Result<*mut RLNWrapper, String> {
-    let instance = RLN::new_with_params(zkey.to_vec(), vk.to_vec())
-        .map_err(|err| format!("{:#?}", err))?;
-    let wrapper = RLNWrapper { instance };
-    Ok(Box::into_raw(Box::new(wrapper)))
-}
-
-#[allow(clippy::not_unsafe_ptr_arg_deref)]
-#[wasm_bindgen(js_name = RLNWitnessToJson)]
-pub fn rln_witness_to_json(
-    ctx: *mut RLNWrapper,
-    serialized_witness: Uint8Array,
-) -> Result<Object, String> {
-    let inputs = call!(
-        ctx,
-        get_rln_witness_bigint_json,
-        &serialized_witness.to_vec()[..]
-    )
-    .map_err(|err| err.to_string())?;
-    let js_value = serde_wasm_bindgen::to_value(&inputs).map_err(|err| err.to_string())?;
-    Object::from_entries(&js_value).map_err(|err| format!("{:#?}", err))
-}
-
-#[allow(clippy::not_unsafe_ptr_arg_deref)]
-#[wasm_bindgen]
-pub fn generate_rln_proof_with_witness(
-    ctx: *mut RLNWrapper,
-    calculated_witness: Vec<JsBigInt>,
-    serialized_witness: Uint8Array,
-) -> Result<Uint8Array, String> {
-    let mut witness_vec: Vec<BigInt> = vec![];
-
-    for v in calculated_witness {
-        witness_vec.push(
-            v.to_string(10)
-                .map_err(|err| format!("{:#?}", err))?
-                .as_string()
-                .ok_or("not a string error")?
-                .parse::<BigInt>()
-                .map_err(|err| format!("{:#?}", err))?,
-        );
-    }
-
-    call_with_output_and_error_msg!(
-        ctx,
-        generate_rln_proof_with_witness,
-        "could not generate proof",
-        witness_vec,
-        serialized_witness.to_vec()
-    )
-}
-
-#[allow(clippy::not_unsafe_ptr_arg_deref)]
-#[wasm_bindgen(js_name = generateMembershipKey)]
-pub fn wasm_key_gen(ctx: *const RLNWrapper) -> Result<Uint8Array, String> {
-    call_with_output_and_error_msg!(ctx, key_gen, "could not generate membership keys")
-}
-
-#[allow(clippy::not_unsafe_ptr_arg_deref)]
-#[wasm_bindgen(js_name = generateExtendedMembershipKey)]
-pub fn wasm_extended_key_gen(ctx: *const RLNWrapper) -> Result<Uint8Array, String> {
-    call_with_output_and_error_msg!(ctx, extended_key_gen, "could not generate membership keys")
-}
-
-#[allow(clippy::not_unsafe_ptr_arg_deref)]
-#[wasm_bindgen(js_name = generateSeededMembershipKey)]
-pub fn wasm_seeded_key_gen(ctx: *const RLNWrapper, seed: Uint8Array) -> Result<Uint8Array, String> {
-    call_with_output_and_error_msg!(
-        ctx,
-        seeded_key_gen,
-        "could not generate membership key",
-        &seed.to_vec()[..]
-    )
-}
-
-#[allow(clippy::not_unsafe_ptr_arg_deref)]
-#[wasm_bindgen(js_name = generateSeededExtendedMembershipKey)]
-pub fn wasm_seeded_extended_key_gen(
-    ctx: *const RLNWrapper,
-    seed: Uint8Array,
-) -> Result<Uint8Array, String> {
-    call_with_output_and_error_msg!(
-        ctx,
-        seeded_extended_key_gen,
-        "could not generate membership key",
-        &seed.to_vec()[..]
-    )
-}
-
-#[allow(clippy::not_unsafe_ptr_arg_deref)]
-#[wasm_bindgen(js_name = recovedIDSecret)]
-pub fn wasm_recover_id_secret(
-    ctx: *const RLNWrapper,
-    input_proof_data_1: Uint8Array,
-    input_proof_data_2: Uint8Array,
-) -> Result<Uint8Array, String> {
-    call_with_output_and_error_msg!(
-        ctx,
-        recover_id_secret,
-        "could not recover id secret",
-        &input_proof_data_1.to_vec()[..],
-        &input_proof_data_2.to_vec()[..]
-    )
-}
-
-#[allow(clippy::not_unsafe_ptr_arg_deref)]
-#[wasm_bindgen(js_name = verifyWithRoots)]
-pub fn wasm_verify_with_roots(
-    ctx: *const RLNWrapper,
-    proof: Uint8Array,
-    roots: Uint8Array,
-) -> Result<bool, String> {
-    call_bool_method_with_error_msg!(
-        ctx,
-        verify_with_roots,
-        "error while verifying proof with roots".to_string(),
-        &proof.to_vec()[..],
-        &roots.to_vec()[..]
-    )
-}
-
-#[wasm_bindgen(js_name = hash)]
-pub fn wasm_hash(input: Uint8Array) -> Result<Uint8Array, String> {
-    fn_call_with_output_and_error_msg!(hash, "could not generate hash", &input.to_vec()[..])
-}
-
-#[wasm_bindgen(js_name = poseidonHash)]
-pub fn wasm_poseidon_hash(input: Uint8Array) -> Result<Uint8Array, String> {
-    fn_call_with_output_and_error_msg!(
-        poseidon_hash,
-        "could not generate poseidon hash",
-        &input.to_vec()[..]
-    )
-}

rln-wasm/src/utils.js

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-const fs = require("fs");
-
-// Utils functions for loading circom witness calculator and reading files from test
-
-module.exports = {
-    read_file: function (path) {
-        return fs.readFileSync(path);
-    },
-
-    calculateWitness: async function(circom_path, inputs){
-        const wc = require("resources/witness_calculator.js");
-        const wasmFile = fs.readFileSync(circom_path);
-        const wasmFileBuffer = wasmFile.slice(wasmFile.byteOffset, wasmFile.byteOffset + wasmFile.byteLength);
-        const witnessCalculator = await wc(wasmFileBuffer);
-        const calculatedWitness = await witnessCalculator.calculateWitness(inputs, false);
-        return JSON.stringify(calculatedWitness, (key, value) => typeof value === "bigint" ? value.toString() : value);
-    }
-}

rln-wasm/tests/rln-wasm.rs

@@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
-#![cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use js_sys::{BigInt as JsBigInt, Object, Uint8Array};
-    use rln::circuit::{Fr, TEST_TREE_HEIGHT};
-    use rln::hashers::{hash_to_field, poseidon_hash};
-    use rln::utils::{bytes_le_to_fr, fr_to_bytes_le, normalize_usize};
-    use rln_wasm::*;
-    use rln::poseidon_tree::PoseidonTree;
-    use rln::utils::vec_fr_to_bytes_le;
-    use wasm_bindgen::{prelude::*, JsValue};
-    use wasm_bindgen_test::wasm_bindgen_test;
-    use zerokit_utils::merkle_tree::merkle_tree::ZerokitMerkleTree;
-    use zerokit_utils::ZerokitMerkleProof;
-     use rln::utils::vec_u8_to_bytes_le;
-
-    #[wasm_bindgen(module = "src/utils.js")]
-    extern "C" {
-        #[wasm_bindgen(catch)]
-        fn read_file(path: &str) -> Result<Uint8Array, JsValue>;
-
-        #[wasm_bindgen(catch)]
-        async fn calculateWitness(circom_path: &str, input: Object) -> Result<JsValue, JsValue>;
-    }
-
-    #[wasm_bindgen_test]
-    pub async fn test_basic_flow() {
-        let tree_height = TEST_TREE_HEIGHT;
-        let circom_path = format!("../rln/resources/tree_height_{TEST_TREE_HEIGHT}/rln.wasm");
-        let zkey_path = format!("../rln/resources/tree_height_{TEST_TREE_HEIGHT}/rln_final.zkey");
-        let vk_path =
-            format!("../rln/resources/tree_height_{TEST_TREE_HEIGHT}/verification_key.arkvkey");
-        let zkey = read_file(&zkey_path).unwrap();
-        let vk = read_file(&vk_path).unwrap();
-
-        // Creating an instance of RLN
-        let rln_instance = wasm_new(zkey, vk).unwrap();
-
-        let mut tree = PoseidonTree::default(TEST_TREE_HEIGHT).unwrap();
-
-        // Creating membership key
-        let mem_keys = wasm_key_gen(rln_instance).unwrap();
-        let id_key = mem_keys.subarray(0, 32);
-        let id_commitment = mem_keys.subarray(32, 64);
-
-        // Prepare the message
-        let signal = b"Hello World";
-
-        let identity_index = tree.leaves_set();
-        // Setting up the epoch and rln_identifier
-        let epoch = hash_to_field(b"test-epoch");
-        let rln_identifier = hash_to_field(b"test-rln-identifier");
-
-        let external_nullifier = poseidon_hash(&[epoch, rln_identifier]);
-        let external_nullifier = fr_to_bytes_le(&external_nullifier);
-
-        let user_message_limit = Fr::from(100);
-        let message_id = fr_to_bytes_le(&Fr::from(0));
-
-        let (id_commitment_fr, _) = bytes_le_to_fr(&id_commitment.to_vec()[..]);
-        let rate_commitment = poseidon_hash(&[id_commitment_fr, user_message_limit]);
-        tree.update_next(rate_commitment).unwrap();
-
-        let x = hash_to_field(signal);
-        let merkle_proof = tree.proof(identity_index).expect("proof should exist");
-        let path_elements = merkle_proof.get_path_elements();
-        let identity_path_index = merkle_proof.get_path_index();
-
-
-        // Serializing the message
-        let mut serialized_vec: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-        serialized_vec.append(&mut id_key.to_vec());
-        serialized_vec.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&user_message_limit).to_vec());
-        serialized_vec.append(&mut message_id.to_vec());
-        serialized_vec.append(&mut vec_fr_to_bytes_le(&path_elements).unwrap());
-        serialized_vec.append(&mut vec_u8_to_bytes_le(&identity_path_index).unwrap());
-        serialized_vec.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&x));
-        serialized_vec.append(&mut external_nullifier.to_vec());
-        let serialized_message = Uint8Array::from(&serialized_vec[..]);
-
-        // Obtaining inputs that should be sent to circom witness calculator
-        let json_inputs =
-            rln_witness_to_json(rln_instance, serialized_message.clone()).unwrap();
-
-        // Calculating witness with JS
-        // (Using a JSON since wasm_bindgen does not like Result<Vec<JsBigInt>,JsValue>)
-        let calculated_witness_json = calculateWitness(&circom_path, json_inputs)
-            .await
-            .unwrap()
-            .as_string()
-            .unwrap();
-        let calculated_witness_vec_str: Vec<String> =
-            serde_json::from_str(&calculated_witness_json).unwrap();
-        let calculated_witness: Vec<JsBigInt> = calculated_witness_vec_str
-            .iter()
-            .map(|x| JsBigInt::new(&x.into()).unwrap())
-            .collect();
-
-        // Generating proof
-        let proof = generate_rln_proof_with_witness(
-            rln_instance,
-            calculated_witness.into(),
-            serialized_message,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
-        // Add signal_len | signal
-        let mut proof_bytes = proof.to_vec();
-        proof_bytes.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal.len()));
-        proof_bytes.append(&mut signal.to_vec());
-        let proof_with_signal = Uint8Array::from(&proof_bytes[..]);
-
-        // Validating Proof with Roots
-        let root = tree.root();
-        let root_le = fr_to_bytes_le(&root);
-        let roots = Uint8Array::from(&root_le[..]);
-        let proof_with_signal = Uint8Array::from(&proof_bytes[..]);
-
-        let is_proof_valid = wasm_verify_with_roots(rln_instance, proof_with_signal, roots);
-        assert!(is_proof_valid.unwrap(), "verifying proof with roots failed");
-    }
-}

rln/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "rln"
-version = "0.5.1"
+version = "0.7.0"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
 description = "APIs to manage, compute and verify zkSNARK proofs and RLN primitives"
@@ -15,61 +15,54 @@ bench = false
 # This flag disable cargo doctests, i.e. testing example code-snippets in documentation
 doctest = false
 
-
 [dependencies]
 # ZKP Generation
-ark-ec = { version = "=0.4.1", default-features = false }
-ark-ff = { version = "=0.4.1", default-features = false, features = ["asm"] }
-ark-std = { version = "=0.4.0", default-features = false }
-ark-bn254 = { version = "=0.4.0" }
-ark-groth16 = { version = "=0.4.0", features = [
+ark-bn254 = { version = "0.5.0", features = ["std"] }
+ark-ff = { version = "0.5.0", features = ["std", "asm"] }
+ark-serialize = { version = "0.5.0", features = ["derive"] }
+ark-ec = { version = "0.5.0", default-features = false }
+ark-std = { version = "0.5.0", default-features = false }
+ark-groth16 = { version = "0.5.0", features = [
     "parallel",
 ], default-features = false }
-ark-relations = { version = "=0.4.0", default-features = false, features = [
+ark-relations = { version = "0.5.0", default-features = false, features = [
     "std",
 ] }
-ark-serialize = { version = "=0.4.1", default-features = false }
-ark-circom = { version = "=0.1.0", default-features = false, features = [
-    "circom-2",
-] }
-ark-zkey = { version = "0.1.0", optional = true, default-features = false }
-
-# WASM
-wasmer = { version = "=2.3.0", default-features = false }
+ark-circom = { version = "0.5.0" }
+ark-r1cs-std = { version = "0.5.0" }
 
 # error handling
-color-eyre = "=0.6.2"
-thiserror = "=1.0.39"
+color-eyre = "0.6.2"
+thiserror = "2.0.11"
 
 # utilities
 byteorder = "1.4.3"
-cfg-if = "=1.0"
-num-bigint = { version = "=0.4.3", default-features = false, features = [
+cfg-if = "1.0"
+num-bigint = { version = "0.4.6", default-features = false, features = [
     "rand",
 ] }
-num-traits = "=0.2.15"
-once_cell = "=1.17.1"
-lazy_static = "=1.4.0"
-rand = "=0.8.5"
-rand_chacha = "=0.3.1"
-ruint = { version = "1.10.0", features = ["rand", "serde", "ark-ff-04", "num-bigint"] }
-tiny-keccak = { version = "=2.0.2", features = ["keccak"] }
-utils = { package = "zerokit_utils", version = "=0.5.1", path = "../utils/", default-features = false }
-
+num-traits = "0.2.19"
+once_cell = "1.19.0"
+lazy_static = "1.4.0"
+rand = "0.8.5"
+rand_chacha = "0.3.1"
+ruint = { version = "1.12.4", features = ["rand", "serde", "ark-ff-04"] }
+tiny-keccak = { version = "2.0.2", features = ["keccak"] }
+utils = { package = "zerokit_utils", version = "0.5.2", path = "../utils/", default-features = false }
 
 # serialization
 prost = "0.13.1"
-serde_json = "=1.0.96"
-serde = { version = "=1.0.163", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1.0"
+serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 
 document-features = { version = "=0.2.10", optional = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-sled = "=0.34.7"
-criterion = { version = "=0.4.0", features = ["html_reports"] }
+sled = "0.34.7"
+criterion = { version = "0.4.0", features = ["html_reports"] }
 
 [features]
-default = ["parallel", "wasmer/sys-default", "pmtree-ft"]
+default = ["parallel", "pmtree-ft"]
 parallel = [
     "ark-ec/parallel",
     "ark-ff/parallel",
@@ -77,9 +70,8 @@ parallel = [
     "ark-groth16/parallel",
     "utils/parallel",
 ]
-wasm = ["wasmer/js", "wasmer/std"]
 fullmerkletree = ["default"]
-arkzkey = ["ark-zkey"]
+arkzkey = []
 stateless = []
 
 # Note: pmtree feature is still experimental
@@ -98,10 +90,6 @@ name = "circuit_loading_arkzkey_benchmark"
 harness = false
 required-features = ["arkzkey"]
 
-[[bench]]
-name = "circuit_deser_benchmark"
-harness = false
-
 [[bench]]
 name = "poseidon_tree_benchmark"
 harness = false

rln/Makefile.toml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 command = "cargo"
 args = ["build", "--release"]
 
-[tasks.test_default]
+[tasks.test]
 command = "cargo"
 args = ["test", "--release", "--", "--nocapture"]
 

rln/README.md

@@ -1,69 +1,17 @@
 # Zerokit RLN Module
 
-This module provides APIs to manage, compute and verify [RLN](https://rfc.vac.dev/spec/32/) zkSNARK proofs and RLN primitives.
+[![Crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/rln.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/rln)
 
-## Pre-requisites
+The Zerokit RLN Module provides a Rust implementation for working with Rate-Limiting Nullifier [RLN](https://rfc.vac.dev/spec/32/) zkSNARK proofs and primitives. This module allows you to:
 
-### Install dependencies and clone repo
+- Generate and verify RLN proofs
+- Work with Merkle trees for commitment storage
+- Implement rate-limiting mechanisms for distributed systems
 
-```sh
-make installdeps
-git clone https://github.com/vacp2p/zerokit.git
-cd zerokit/rln
-```
+## Quick Start
 
- ### Build and Test
-
- To build and test, run the following commands within the module folder
-
-``` bash
- cargo make build
- cargo make test_{mode}
-```
-The {mode} placeholder should be replaced with
-* **default** for the default tests;
-* **arkzkey** for the tests with the arkzkey feature;
-* **stateless** for the tests with the stateless feature.
-
-### Compile ZK circuits
-
-The `rln` (https://github.com/rate-limiting-nullifier/circom-rln) repository, which contains the RLN circuit implementation is a submodule of zerokit RLN.
-
-To compile the RLN circuit
-
-```sh
-# Update submodules
-git submodule update --init --recursive
-
-# Install rln dependencies
-cd vendor/rln/ && npm install
-
-# Build circuits
-./scripts/build-circuits.sh rln
-
-# Copy over assets
-cp build/zkeyFiles/rln-final.zkey ../../resources/tree_height_15
-cp build/zkeyFiles/rln.wasm ../../resources/tree_height_15
-```
-
-Note that the above code snippet will compile a RLN circuit with a Merkle tree of height equal `15` based on the default value set in `vendor/rln/circuit/rln.circom`.
-
-In order to compile a RLN circuit with Merkle tree height `N`, it suffices to change `vendor/rln/circuit/rln.circom` to
-
-```
-pragma circom 2.0.0;
-
-include "./rln-base.circom";
-
-component main {public [x, epoch, rln_identifier ]} = RLN(N);
-```
-
-However, if `N` is too big, this might require a bigger Powers of Tau ceremony than the one hardcoded in `./scripts/build-circuits.sh`, which is `2^14`.
-In such case we refer to the official [Circom documentation](https://docs.circom.io/getting-started/proving-circuits/#powers-of-tau) for instructions on how to run an appropriate Powers of Tau ceremony and Phase 2 in order to compile the desired circuit.
-
-Currently, the `rln` module comes with 2 [pre-compiled](https://github.com/vacp2p/zerokit/tree/master/rln/resources) RLN circuits having Merkle tree of height `20` and `32`, respectively.
-
-## Getting started
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> Version 0.6.1 is required for WASM support or x32 architecture. Current version doesn't support these platforms due to dependency issues. WASM support will return in a future release.
 
 ### Add RLN as dependency
 
@@ -74,136 +22,236 @@ We start by adding zerokit RLN to our `Cargo.toml`
 rln = { git = "https://github.com/vacp2p/zerokit" }
 ```
 
-### Create a RLN object
+## Basic Usage Example
 
-First, we need to create a RLN object for a chosen input Merkle tree size.
-
-Note that we need to pass to RLN object constructor the path where the circuit (`rln.wasm`, built for the input tree size), the corresponding proving key (`rln_final.zkey`) or (`rln_final.arkzkey`) and verification key (`verification_key.arkvkey`, optional) are found.
+Note that we need to pass to RLN object constructor the path where the graph file (`graph.bin`, built for the input tree size), the corresponding proving key (`rln_final.zkey`) or (`rln_final_uncompr.arkzkey`) and verification key (`verification_key.arkvkey`, optional) are found.
 
 In the following we will use [cursors](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/struct.Cursor.html) as readers/writers for interfacing with RLN public APIs.
 
 ```rust
-use rln::protocol::*;
-use rln::public::*;
 use std::io::Cursor;
 
-// We set the RLN parameters:
-// - the tree height;
-// - the tree config, if it is not defined, the default value will be set
-let tree_height = 20;
-let input = Cursor::new(json!({}).to_string());
+use rln::{
+    circuit::Fr,
+    hashers::{hash_to_field, poseidon_hash},
+    protocol::{keygen, prepare_verify_input},
+    public::RLN,
+    utils::{fr_to_bytes_le, normalize_usize},
+};
+use serde_json::json;
 
-// We create a new RLN instance
-let mut rln = RLN::new(tree_height, input);
+fn main() {
+    // 1. Initialize RLN with parameters:
+    // - the tree height;
+    // - the tree config, if it is not defined, the default value will be set
+    let tree_height = 20;
+    let input = Cursor::new(json!({}).to_string());
+    let mut rln = RLN::new(tree_height, input).unwrap();
+
+    // 2. Generate an identity keypair
+    let (identity_secret_hash, id_commitment) = keygen();
+
+    // 3. Add a rate commitment to the Merkle tree
+    let id_index = 10;
+    let user_message_limit = 10;
+    let rate_commitment = poseidon_hash(&[id_commitment, Fr::from(user_message_limit)]);
+    let mut buffer = Cursor::new(fr_to_bytes_le(&rate_commitment));
+    rln.set_leaf(id_index, &mut buffer).unwrap();
+
+    // 4. Set up external nullifier (epoch + app identifier)
+    // We generate epoch from a date seed and we ensure is
+    // mapped to a field element by hashing-to-field its content
+    let epoch = hash_to_field(b"Today at noon, this year");
+    // We generate rln_identifier from a date seed and we ensure is
+    // mapped to a field element by hashing-to-field its content
+    let rln_identifier = hash_to_field(b"test-rln-identifier");
+    let external_nullifier = poseidon_hash(&[epoch, rln_identifier]);
+
+    // 5. Generate and verify a proof for a message
+    let signal = b"RLN is awesome";
+
+    // 6. Prepare input for generate_rln_proof API
+    // input_data is [ identity_secret<32> | id_index<8> | external_nullifier<32> | user_message_limit<32> | message_id<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
+    let mut serialized: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+    serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&identity_secret_hash));
+    serialized.append(&mut normalize_usize(id_index));
+    serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&Fr::from(user_message_limit)));
+    serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&Fr::from(1)));
+    serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&external_nullifier));
+    serialized.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal.len()));
+    serialized.append(&mut signal.to_vec());
+
+    // 7. Generate a RLN proof
+    // We generate a RLN proof for proof_input
+    let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(serialized);
+    let mut output_buffer = Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
+    rln.generate_rln_proof(&mut input_buffer, &mut output_buffer)
+        .unwrap();
+
+    // We get the public outputs returned by the circuit evaluation
+    // The byte vector `proof_data` is serialized as `[ zk-proof | tree_root | external_nullifier | share_x | share_y | nullifier ]`.
+    let proof_data = output_buffer.into_inner();
+
+    // 8. Verify a RLN proof
+    // Input buffer is serialized as `[proof_data | signal_len | signal ]`, where `proof_data` is (computed as) the output obtained by `generate_rln_proof`.
+    let verify_data = prepare_verify_input(proof_data, signal);
+
+    // We verify the zk-proof against the provided proof values
+    let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(verify_data);
+    let verified = rln.verify_rln_proof(&mut input_buffer).unwrap();
+
+    // We ensure the proof is valid
+    assert!(verified);
+}
 ```
 
-### Generate an identity keypair
-
-We generate an identity keypair
-
-```rust
-// We generate an identity pair
-let mut buffer = Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
-rln.key_gen(&mut buffer).unwrap();
-
-// We deserialize the keygen output to obtain
-// the identity_secret and id_commitment
-let (identity_secret_hash, id_commitment) = deserialize_identity_pair(buffer.into_inner());
-```
-
-### Add Rate commitment to the RLN Merkle tree
-
-```rust
-// We define the tree index where id_commitment will be added
-let id_index = 10;
-let user_message_limit = 10;
-
-// We serialize id_commitment and pass it to set_leaf
-let rate_commitment = poseidon_hash(&[id_commitment, user_message_limit]);
-let mut buffer = Cursor::new(serialize_field_element(rate_commitment));
-rln.set_leaf(id_index, &mut buffer).unwrap();
-```
-
-Note that when tree leaves are not explicitly set by the user (in this example, all those with index less and greater than `10`), their values is set to an hardcoded default (all-`0` bytes in current implementation).
-
-### Set external nullifier
+### Comments for the code above for point 4
 
 The `external nullifier` includes two parameters.
 
-The first one is `epoch` and it's used to identify messages received in a certain time frame. It usually corresponds to the current UNIX time but can also be set to a random value or generated by a seed, provided that it corresponds to a field element.
+The first one is `epoch` and it's used to identify messages received in a certain time frame.
+It usually corresponds to the current UNIX time but can also be set to a random value or generated by a seed, provided that it corresponds to a field element.
 
 The second one is `rln_identifier` and it's used to prevent a RLN ZK proof generated for one application to be re-used in another one.
 
-```rust
-// We generate epoch from a date seed and we ensure is
-// mapped to a field element by hashing-to-field its content
-let epoch = hash_to_field(b"Today at noon, this year");
-// We generate rln_identifier from a date seed and we ensure is
-// mapped to a field element by hashing-to-field its content
-let rln_identifier = hash_to_field(b"test-rln-identifier");
+### Features
 
-let external_nullifier = poseidon_hash(&[epoch, rln_identifier]);
+- **Multiple Backend Support**: Choose between different zkey formats with feature flags
+  - `arkzkey`: Use the optimized Arkworks-compatible zkey format (faster loading)
+  - `stateless`: For stateless proof verification
+- **Pre-compiled Circuits**: Ready-to-use circuits with Merkle tree height of 20
+
+## Building and Testing
+
+### Prerequisites
+
+```sh
+git clone https://github.com/vacp2p/zerokit.git
+make installdeps
+cd zerokit/rln
 ```
 
-### Set signal
+### Build Commands
 
-The signal is the message for which we are computing a RLN proof.
+```sh
+# Build with default features
+cargo make build
 
-```rust
-// We set our signal
-let signal = b"RLN is awesome";
+# Test with default features
+cargo make test
+
+# Test with specific features
+cargo make test_arkzkey    # For arkzkey feature
+cargo make test_stateless  # For stateless feature
 ```
 
-### Generate a RLN proof
+## Advanced: Custom Circuit Compilation
 
-We prepare the input to the proof generation routine.
+The `rln` (<https://github.com/rate-limiting-nullifier/circom-rln>) repository, which contains the RLN circuit implementation is using for pre-compiled RLN circuit for zerokit RLN.
+If you want to compile your own RLN circuit, you can follow the instructions below.
 
-Input buffer is serialized as `[ identity_key | id_index | external_nullifier | user_message_limit | message_id | signal_len | signal ]`.
+### 1. Compile ZK Circuits for getting the zkey and verification key files
 
-```rust
-// We prepare input to the proof generation routine
-let proof_input = prepare_prove_input(identity_secret_hash, id_index, external_nullifier, signal);
+This script actually generates not only the zkey and verification key files for the RLN circuit, but also the execution wasm file used for witness calculation.
+However, the wasm file is not needed for the `rln` module, because current implementation uses the iden3 graph file for witness calculation.
+This graph file is generated by the `circom-witnesscalc` tool in [step 2](#2-generate-witness-calculation-graph).
+
+To customize the circuit parameters, modify `circom-rln/circuits/rln.circom`:
+
+```circom
+pragma circom 2.1.0;
+include "./rln.circom";
+component main { public [x, externalNullifier] } = RLN(N, M);
 ```
 
-We are now ready to generate a RLN ZK proof along with the _public outputs_ of the ZK circuit evaluation.
+Where:
 
-```rust
+- `N`: Merkle tree height, determining the maximum membership capacity (2^N members).
 
-// We generate a RLN proof for proof_input
-let mut in_buffer = Cursor::new(proof_input);
-let mut out_buffer = Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
-rln.generate_rln_proof(&mut in_buffer, &mut out_buffer)
-    .unwrap();
+- `M`: Bit size for range checks, setting an upper bound for the number of messages per epoch (2^M messages).
 
-// We get the public outputs returned by the circuit evaluation
-let proof_data = out_buffer.into_inner();
+> [!NOTE]
+> However, if `N` is too big, this might require a larger Powers of Tau ceremony than the one hardcoded in `./scripts/build-circuits.sh`, which is `2^14`. \
+> In such case, we refer to the official [Circom documentation](https://docs.circom.io/getting-started/proving-circuits/#powers-of-tau) for instructions on how to run an appropriate Powers of Tau ceremony and Phase 2 in order to compile the desired circuit. \
+> Additionally, while `M` sets an upper bound on the number of messages per epoch (`2^M`), you can configure lower message limit for your use case, as long as it satisfies `user_message_limit ≤ 2^M`. \
+> Currently, the `rln` module comes with a [pre-compiled](https://github.com/vacp2p/zerokit/tree/master/rln/resources) RLN circuit with a Merkle tree of height `20` and a bit size of `16`, allowing up to `2^20` registered members and a `2^16` message limit per epoch.
+
+#### Install circom compiler
+
+You can follow the instructions below or refer to the [installing Circom](https://docs.circom.io/getting-started/installation/#installing-circom) guide for more details, but make sure to use the specific version `v2.1.0`.
+
+```sh
+# Clone the circom repository
+git clone https://github.com/iden3/circom.git
+
+# Checkout the specific version
+cd circom && git checkout v2.1.0
+
+# Build the circom compiler
+cargo build --release
+
+# Install the circom binary globally
+cargo install --path circom
+
+# Check the circom version to ensure it's v2.1.0
+circom --version
 ```
 
-The byte vector `proof_data` is serialized as `[ zk-proof | tree_root | external_nullifier | share_x | share_y | nullifier ]`.
+#### Generate the zkey and verification key files example
 
-### Verify a RLN proof
+```sh
+# Clone the circom-rln repository
+git clone https://github.com/rate-limiting-nullifier/circom-rln
 
-We prepare the input to the proof verification routine.
+# Install dependencies
+cd circom-rln && npm install
 
-Input buffer is serialized as `[proof_data | signal_len | signal ]`, where `proof_data` is (computed as) the output obtained by `generate_rln_proof`.
+# Build circuits
+./scripts/build-circuits.sh rln
 
-```rust
-// We prepare input to the proof verification routine
-let verify_data = prepare_verify_input(proof_data, signal);
-
-// We verify the zk-proof against the provided proof values
-let mut in_buffer = Cursor::new(verify_data);
-let verified = rln.verify(&mut in_buffer).unwrap();
+# Use the generated zkey file in subsequent steps
+cp zkeyFiles/rln/final.zkey <path_to_rln_final.zkey>
 ```
 
-We check if the proof verification was successful:
+### 2. Generate Witness Calculation Graph
 
-```rust
-// We ensure the proof is valid
-assert!(verified);
+The execution graph file used for witness calculation can be compiled following instructions in the [circom-witnesscalc](https://github.com/iden3/circom-witnesscalc) repository.
+As mentioned in step 1, we should use `rln.circom` file from `circom-rln` repository.
+
+```sh
+# Clone the circom-witnesscalc repository
+git clone https://github.com/iden3/circom-witnesscalc
+
+# Load the submodules
+cd circom-witnesscalc && git submodule update --init --recursive
+
+# Build the circom-witnesscalc tool
+cargo build
+
+# Generate the witness calculation graph
+cargo run --package circom_witnesscalc --bin build-circuit ../circom-rln/circuits/rln.circom <path_to_graph.bin>
 ```
 
-## Get involved!
+The `rln` module comes with [pre-compiled](https://github.com/vacp2p/zerokit/tree/master/rln/resources) execution graph files for the RLN circuit.
+
+### 3. Generate Arkzkey Representation for zkey and verification key files
+
+For faster loading, compile the zkey file into the arkzkey format using [ark-zkey](https://github.com/seemenkina/ark-zkey). This is fork of the [original](https://github.com/zkmopro/ark-zkey) repository with the uncompressed zkey support.
+
+```sh
+# Clone the ark-zkey repository
+git clone https://github.com/seemenkina/ark-zkey.git
+
+# Build the ark-zkey tool
+cd ark-zkey && cargo build
+
+# Generate the arkzkey representation for the zkey file
+cargo run --bin arkzkey-util <path_to_rln_final.zkey>
+```
+
+Currently, the `rln` module comes with [pre-compiled](https://github.com/vacp2p/zerokit/tree/master/rln/resources) arkzkey keys for the RLN circuit.
+
+## Get involved
 
 Zerokit RLN public and FFI APIs allow interaction with many more features than what briefly showcased above.
 
@@ -214,3 +262,20 @@ cargo doc --no-deps
 ```
 
 and look at unit tests to have an hint on how to interface and use them.
+
+## Detailed Protocol Flow
+
+1. **Identity Creation**: Generate a secret key and commitment
+2. **Rate Commitment**: Add commitment to a Merkle tree
+3. **External Nullifier Setup**: Combine epoch and application identifier
+4. **Proof Generation**: Create a zkSNARK proof that:
+   - Proves membership in the Merkle tree
+   - Ensures rate-limiting constraints are satisfied
+   - Generates a nullifier to prevent double-usage
+5. **Proof Verification**: Verify the proof without revealing the prover's identity
+
+## Getting Involved
+
+- Check the [unit tests](https://github.com/vacp2p/zerokit/tree/master/rln/tests) for more usage examples
+- [RFC specification](https://rfc.vac.dev/spec/32/) for the Rate-Limiting Nullifier protocol
+- [GitHub repository](https://github.com/vacp2p/zerokit) for the latest updates

rln/benches/circuit_deser_benchmark.rs

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, Criterion};
-use rln::circuit::{vk_from_ark_serialized, VK_BYTES};
-
-// Here we benchmark how long the deserialization of the
-// verifying_key takes, only testing the json => verifying_key conversion,
-// and skipping conversion from bytes => string => serde_json::Value
-pub fn vk_deserialize_benchmark(c: &mut Criterion) {
-    let vk = VK_BYTES;
-
-    c.bench_function("vk::vk_from_ark_serialized", |b| {
-        b.iter(|| {
-            let _ = vk_from_ark_serialized(vk);
-        })
-    });
-}
-
-criterion_group! {
-    name = benches;
-    config = Criterion::default().measurement_time(std::time::Duration::from_secs(10));
-    targets = vk_deserialize_benchmark
-}
-criterion_main!(benches);

rln/benches/circuit_loading_arkzkey_benchmark.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, Criterion};
-use rln::circuit::{
-    read_arkzkey_from_bytes_compressed, read_arkzkey_from_bytes_uncompressed, ARKZKEY_BYTES,
-    ARKZKEY_BYTES_UNCOMPR,
-};
+use rln::circuit::{read_arkzkey_from_bytes_uncompressed, ARKZKEY_BYTES};
 
 pub fn uncompressed_bench(c: &mut Criterion) {
-    let arkzkey = ARKZKEY_BYTES_UNCOMPR.to_vec();
+    let arkzkey = ARKZKEY_BYTES.to_vec();
     let size = arkzkey.len() as f32;
     println!(
         "Size of uncompressed arkzkey: {:.2?} MB",
@@ -19,25 +16,10 @@ pub fn uncompressed_bench(c: &mut Criterion) {
         })
     });
 }
-pub fn compressed_bench(c: &mut Criterion) {
-    let arkzkey = ARKZKEY_BYTES.to_vec();
-    let size = arkzkey.len() as f32;
-    println!(
-        "Size of compressed arkzkey: {:.2?} MB",
-        size / 1024.0 / 1024.0
-    );
-
-    c.bench_function("arkzkey::arkzkey_from_raw_compressed", |b| {
-        b.iter(|| {
-            let r = read_arkzkey_from_bytes_compressed(&arkzkey);
-            assert_eq!(r.is_ok(), true);
-        })
-    });
-}
 
 criterion_group! {
     name = benches;
-    config = Criterion::default().measurement_time(std::time::Duration::from_secs(250));
-    targets = uncompressed_bench, compressed_bench
+    config = Criterion::default().sample_size(10);
+    targets = uncompressed_bench
 }
 criterion_main!(benches);

rln/benches/circuit_loading_benchmark.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ pub fn zkey_load_benchmark(c: &mut Criterion) {
 
 criterion_group! {
     name = benches;
-    config = Criterion::default().measurement_time(std::time::Duration::from_secs(250));
+    config = Criterion::default().sample_size(10);
     targets = zkey_load_benchmark
 }
 criterion_main!(benches);

rln/src/circuit.rs

@@ -1,23 +1,20 @@
 // This crate provides interfaces for the zero-knowledge circuit and keys
 
-use crate::iden3calc::calc_witness;
+use ::lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use ark_bn254::{
     Bn254, Fq as ArkFq, Fq2 as ArkFq2, Fr as ArkFr, G1Affine as ArkG1Affine,
     G1Projective as ArkG1Projective, G2Affine as ArkG2Affine, G2Projective as ArkG2Projective,
 };
 use ark_groth16::{ProvingKey, VerifyingKey};
 use ark_relations::r1cs::ConstraintMatrices;
-use ark_serialize::CanonicalDeserialize;
 use cfg_if::cfg_if;
 use color_eyre::{Report, Result};
-use num_bigint::BigInt;
 
-#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
-use ::lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use crate::iden3calc::calc_witness;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "arkzkey")]
 use {
-    ark_zkey::{read_arkzkey_from_bytes, SerializableConstraintMatrices, SerializableProvingKey},
+    ark_ff::Field, ark_serialize::CanonicalDeserialize, ark_serialize::CanonicalSerialize,
     color_eyre::eyre::WrapErr,
 };
 
@@ -26,30 +23,21 @@ use {ark_circom::read_zkey, std::io::Cursor};
 
 #[cfg(feature = "arkzkey")]
 pub const ARKZKEY_BYTES: &[u8] = include_bytes!("../resources/tree_height_20/rln_final.arkzkey");
-#[cfg(feature = "arkzkey")]
-pub const ARKZKEY_BYTES_UNCOMPR: &[u8] =
-    include_bytes!("../resources/tree_height_20/rln_final_uncompr.arkzkey");
 
 pub const ZKEY_BYTES: &[u8] = include_bytes!("../resources/tree_height_20/rln_final.zkey");
-pub const VK_BYTES: &[u8] = include_bytes!("../resources/tree_height_20/verification_key.arkvkey");
 const GRAPH_BYTES: &[u8] = include_bytes!("../resources/tree_height_20/graph.bin");
 
-#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
 lazy_static! {
-    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
     static ref ZKEY: (ProvingKey<Curve>, ConstraintMatrices<Fr>) = {
         cfg_if! {
                 if #[cfg(feature = "arkzkey")] {
-                    read_arkzkey_from_bytes_uncompressed(ARKZKEY_BYTES_UNCOMPR).expect("Failed to read arkzkey")
+                    read_arkzkey_from_bytes_uncompressed(ARKZKEY_BYTES).expect("Failed to read arkzkey")
                 } else {
                     let mut reader = Cursor::new(ZKEY_BYTES);
                     read_zkey(&mut reader).expect("Failed to read zkey")
                 }
         }
     };
-
-    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
-    static ref VK: VerifyingKey<Curve> = vk_from_ark_serialized(VK_BYTES).expect("Failed to read vk");
 }
 
 pub const TEST_TREE_HEIGHT: usize = 20;
@@ -73,7 +61,7 @@ pub fn zkey_from_raw(zkey_data: &[u8]) -> Result<(ProvingKey<Curve>, ConstraintM
 
     let proving_key_and_matrices = match () {
         #[cfg(feature = "arkzkey")]
-        () => read_arkzkey_from_bytes(zkey_data)?,
+        () => read_arkzkey_from_bytes_uncompressed(zkey_data)?,
         #[cfg(not(feature = "arkzkey"))]
         () => {
             let mut reader = Cursor::new(zkey_data);
@@ -84,22 +72,13 @@ pub fn zkey_from_raw(zkey_data: &[u8]) -> Result<(ProvingKey<Curve>, ConstraintM
     Ok(proving_key_and_matrices)
 }
 
-pub fn calculate_rln_witness<I: IntoIterator<Item = (String, Vec<BigInt>)>>(inputs: I) -> Vec<Fr> {
-    calc_witness(inputs, GRAPH_BYTES)
-}
-
 // Loads the proving key
-#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
 pub fn zkey_from_folder() -> &'static (ProvingKey<Curve>, ConstraintMatrices<Fr>) {
     &ZKEY
 }
 
 // Loads the verification key from a bytes vector
-pub fn vk_from_raw(vk_data: &[u8], zkey_data: &[u8]) -> Result<VerifyingKey<Curve>> {
-    if !vk_data.is_empty() {
-        return vk_from_ark_serialized(vk_data);
-    }
-
+pub fn vk_from_raw(zkey_data: &[u8]) -> Result<VerifyingKey<Curve>> {
     if !zkey_data.is_empty() {
         let (proving_key, _matrices) = zkey_from_raw(zkey_data)?;
         return Ok(proving_key.vk);
@@ -108,21 +87,7 @@ pub fn vk_from_raw(vk_data: &[u8], zkey_data: &[u8]) -> Result<VerifyingKey<Curv
     Err(Report::msg("No proving/verification key found!"))
 }
 
-// Loads the verification key
-#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
-pub fn vk_from_folder() -> &'static VerifyingKey<Curve> {
-    &VK
-}
-
-// Computes the verification key from a bytes vector containing pre-processed ark-serialized verification key
-// uncompressed, unchecked
-pub fn vk_from_ark_serialized(data: &[u8]) -> Result<VerifyingKey<Curve>> {
-    let vk = VerifyingKey::<Curve>::deserialize_uncompressed_unchecked(data)?;
-    Ok(vk)
-}
-
 // Checks verification key to be correct with respect to proving key
-#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
 pub fn check_vk_from_zkey(verifying_key: VerifyingKey<Curve>) -> Result<()> {
     let (proving_key, _matrices) = zkey_from_folder();
     if proving_key.vk == verifying_key {
@@ -132,10 +97,46 @@ pub fn check_vk_from_zkey(verifying_key: VerifyingKey<Curve>) -> Result<()> {
     }
 }
 
+pub fn calculate_rln_witness<I: IntoIterator<Item = (String, Vec<Fr>)>>(
+    inputs: I,
+    graph_data: &[u8],
+) -> Vec<Fr> {
+    calc_witness(inputs, graph_data)
+}
+
+pub fn graph_from_folder() -> &'static [u8] {
+    GRAPH_BYTES
+}
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// Functions from [arkz-key](https://github.com/zkmopro/ark-zkey/blob/main/src/lib.rs#L106)
+// Functions and structs from [arkz-key](https://github.com/zkmopro/ark-zkey/blob/main/src/lib.rs#L106)
 // without print and allow to choose between compressed and uncompressed arkzkey
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#[cfg(feature = "arkzkey")]
+#[derive(CanonicalSerialize, CanonicalDeserialize, Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct SerializableProvingKey(pub ProvingKey<Bn254>);
+
+#[cfg(feature = "arkzkey")]
+#[derive(CanonicalSerialize, CanonicalDeserialize, Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct SerializableConstraintMatrices<F: Field> {
+    pub num_instance_variables: usize,
+    pub num_witness_variables: usize,
+    pub num_constraints: usize,
+    pub a_num_non_zero: usize,
+    pub b_num_non_zero: usize,
+    pub c_num_non_zero: usize,
+    pub a: SerializableMatrix<F>,
+    pub b: SerializableMatrix<F>,
+    pub c: SerializableMatrix<F>,
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "arkzkey")]
+#[derive(CanonicalSerialize, CanonicalDeserialize, Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct SerializableMatrix<F: Field> {
+    pub data: Vec<Vec<(F, usize)>>,
+}
+
 #[cfg(feature = "arkzkey")]
 pub fn read_arkzkey_from_bytes_uncompressed(
     arkzkey_data: &[u8],
@@ -170,38 +171,3 @@ pub fn read_arkzkey_from_bytes_uncompressed(
 
     Ok((proving_key, constraint_matrices))
 }
-
-#[cfg(feature = "arkzkey")]
-pub fn read_arkzkey_from_bytes_compressed(
-    arkzkey_data: &[u8],
-) -> Result<(ProvingKey<Curve>, ConstraintMatrices<Fr>)> {
-    if arkzkey_data.is_empty() {
-        return Err(Report::msg("No proving key found!"));
-    }
-
-    let mut cursor = std::io::Cursor::new(arkzkey_data);
-
-    let serialized_proving_key =
-        SerializableProvingKey::deserialize_compressed_unchecked(&mut cursor)
-            .wrap_err("Failed to deserialize proving key")?;
-
-    let serialized_constraint_matrices =
-        SerializableConstraintMatrices::deserialize_compressed_unchecked(&mut cursor)
-            .wrap_err("Failed to deserialize constraint matrices")?;
-
-    // Get on right form for API
-    let proving_key: ProvingKey<Bn254> = serialized_proving_key.0;
-    let constraint_matrices: ConstraintMatrices<ark_bn254::Fr> = ConstraintMatrices {
-        num_instance_variables: serialized_constraint_matrices.num_instance_variables,
-        num_witness_variables: serialized_constraint_matrices.num_witness_variables,
-        num_constraints: serialized_constraint_matrices.num_constraints,
-        a_num_non_zero: serialized_constraint_matrices.a_num_non_zero,
-        b_num_non_zero: serialized_constraint_matrices.b_num_non_zero,
-        c_num_non_zero: serialized_constraint_matrices.c_num_non_zero,
-        a: serialized_constraint_matrices.a.data,
-        b: serialized_constraint_matrices.b.data,
-        c: serialized_constraint_matrices.c.data,
-    };
-
-    Ok((proving_key, constraint_matrices))
-}

rln/src/ffi.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use crate::public::{hash as public_hash, poseidon_hash as public_poseidon_hash,
 // First argument to the macro is context,
 // second is the actual method on `RLN`
 // rest are all other arguments to the method
+#[cfg(not(feature = "stateless"))]
 macro_rules! call {
     ($instance:expr, $method:ident $(, $arg:expr)*) => {
         {
@@ -229,14 +230,14 @@ pub extern "C" fn new(ctx: *mut *mut RLN) -> bool {
 pub extern "C" fn new_with_params(
     tree_height: usize,
     zkey_buffer: *const Buffer,
-    vk_buffer: *const Buffer,
+    graph_data: *const Buffer,
     tree_config: *const Buffer,
     ctx: *mut *mut RLN,
 ) -> bool {
     match RLN::new_with_params(
         tree_height,
         zkey_buffer.process().to_vec(),
-        vk_buffer.process().to_vec(),
+        graph_data.process().to_vec(),
         tree_config.process(),
     ) {
         Ok(rln) => {
@@ -255,10 +256,13 @@ pub extern "C" fn new_with_params(
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "C" fn new_with_params(
     zkey_buffer: *const Buffer,
-    vk_buffer: *const Buffer,
+    graph_buffer: *const Buffer,
     ctx: *mut *mut RLN,
 ) -> bool {
-    match RLN::new_with_params(zkey_buffer.process().to_vec(), vk_buffer.process().to_vec()) {
+    match RLN::new_with_params(
+        zkey_buffer.process().to_vec(),
+        graph_buffer.process().to_vec(),
+    ) {
         Ok(rln) => {
             unsafe { *ctx = Box::into_raw(Box::new(rln)) };
             true

rln/src/iden3calc.rs

@@ -5,22 +5,22 @@ pub mod graph;
 pub mod proto;
 pub mod storage;
 
-use ark_bn254::Fr;
-use graph::Node;
-use num_bigint::BigInt;
 use ruint::aliases::U256;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use storage::deserialize_witnesscalc_graph;
 
+use crate::circuit::Fr;
+use graph::{fr_to_u256, Node};
+
 pub type InputSignalsInfo = HashMap<String, (usize, usize)>;
 
-pub fn calc_witness<I: IntoIterator<Item = (String, Vec<BigInt>)>>(
+pub fn calc_witness<I: IntoIterator<Item = (String, Vec<Fr>)>>(
     inputs: I,
     graph_data: &[u8],
 ) -> Vec<Fr> {
     let inputs: HashMap<String, Vec<U256>> = inputs
         .into_iter()
-        .map(|(key, value)| (key, value.iter().map(|v| U256::from(v)).collect()))
+        .map(|(key, value)| (key, value.iter().map(fr_to_u256).collect()))
         .collect();
 
     let (nodes, signals, input_mapping): (Vec<Node>, Vec<usize>, InputSignalsInfo) =

rln/src/iden3calc/graph.rs

@@ -1,22 +1,20 @@
 // This file is based on the code by iden3. Its preimage can be found here:
 // https://github.com/iden3/circom-witnesscalc/blob/5cb365b6e4d9052ecc69d4567fcf5bc061c20e94/src/graph.rs
 
-use crate::iden3calc::proto;
-use ark_bn254::Fr;
 use ark_ff::{BigInt, BigInteger, One, PrimeField, Zero};
+use ark_serialize::{CanonicalDeserialize, CanonicalSerialize, Compress, Validate};
 use rand::Rng;
-use ruint::aliases::U256;
+use ruint::{aliases::U256, uint};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use std::cmp::Ordering;
-use std::error::Error;
-use std::ops::{BitOr, BitXor, Deref};
 use std::{
+    cmp::Ordering,
     collections::HashMap,
-    ops::{BitAnd, Shl, Shr},
+    error::Error,
+    ops::{BitAnd, BitOr, BitXor, Deref, Shl, Shr},
 };
 
-use ark_serialize::{CanonicalDeserialize, CanonicalSerialize, Compress, Validate};
-use ruint::uint;
+use crate::circuit::Fr;
+use crate::iden3calc::proto;
 
 pub const M: U256 =
     uint!(21888242871839275222246405745257275088548364400416034343698204186575808495617_U256);
@@ -40,6 +38,16 @@ where
     a.map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)
 }
 
+#[inline(always)]
+pub fn fr_to_u256(x: &Fr) -> U256 {
+    U256::from_limbs(x.into_bigint().0)
+}
+
+#[inline(always)]
+pub fn u256_to_fr(x: &U256) -> Fr {
+    Fr::from_bigint(BigInt::new(x.into_limbs())).expect("Failed to convert U256 to Fr")
+}
+
 #[derive(Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub enum Operation {
     Mul,
@@ -125,14 +133,18 @@ impl Operation {
                 if b.is_zero() {
                     Fr::zero()
                 } else {
-                    Fr::new((Into::<U256>::into(a) / Into::<U256>::into(b)).into())
+                    let a_u256 = fr_to_u256(&a);
+                    let b_u256 = fr_to_u256(&b);
+                    u256_to_fr(&(a_u256 / b_u256))
                 }
             }
             Mod => {
                 if b.is_zero() {
                     Fr::zero()
                 } else {
-                    Fr::new((Into::<U256>::into(a) % Into::<U256>::into(b)).into())
+                    let a_u256 = fr_to_u256(&a);
+                    let b_u256 = fr_to_u256(&b);
+                    u256_to_fr(&(a_u256 % b_u256))
                 }
             }
             Eq => match a.cmp(&b) {
@@ -143,10 +155,10 @@ impl Operation {
                 Ordering::Equal => Fr::zero(),
                 _ => Fr::one(),
             },
-            Lt => Fr::new(u_lt(&a.into(), &b.into()).into()),
-            Gt => Fr::new(u_gt(&a.into(), &b.into()).into()),
-            Leq => Fr::new(u_lte(&a.into(), &b.into()).into()),
-            Geq => Fr::new(u_gte(&a.into(), &b.into()).into()),
+            Lt => u256_to_fr(&u_lt(&fr_to_u256(&a), &fr_to_u256(&b))),
+            Gt => u256_to_fr(&u_gt(&fr_to_u256(&a), &fr_to_u256(&b))),
+            Leq => u256_to_fr(&u_lte(&fr_to_u256(&a), &fr_to_u256(&b))),
+            Geq => u256_to_fr(&u_gte(&fr_to_u256(&a), &fr_to_u256(&b))),
             Land => {
                 if a.is_zero() || b.is_zero() {
                     Fr::zero()
@@ -415,9 +427,9 @@ pub fn evaluate(nodes: &[Node], inputs: &[U256], outputs: &[usize]) -> Vec<Fr> {
     let mut values = Vec::with_capacity(nodes.len());
     for &node in nodes.iter() {
         let value = match node {
-            Node::Constant(c) => Fr::new(c.into()),
+            Node::Constant(c) => u256_to_fr(&c),
             Node::MontConstant(c) => c,
-            Node::Input(i) => Fr::new(inputs[i].into()),
+            Node::Input(i) => u256_to_fr(&inputs[i]),
             Node::Op(op, a, b) => op.eval_fr(values[a], values[b]),
             Node::UnoOp(op, a) => op.eval_fr(values[a]),
             Node::TresOp(op, a, b, c) => op.eval_fr(values[a], values[b], values[c]),
@@ -633,7 +645,7 @@ pub fn montgomery_form(nodes: &mut [Node]) {
         use Node::*;
         use Operation::*;
         match node {
-            Constant(c) => *node = MontConstant(Fr::new((*c).into())),
+            Constant(c) => *node = MontConstant(u256_to_fr(c)),
             MontConstant(..) => (),
             Input(..) => (),
             Op(
@@ -659,10 +671,8 @@ fn shl(a: Fr, b: Fr) -> Fr {
     }
 
     let n = b.into_bigint().0[0] as u32;
-
-    let mut a = a.into_bigint();
-    a.muln(n);
-    Fr::from_bigint(a).unwrap()
+    let a = a.into_bigint();
+    Fr::from_bigint(a << n).unwrap()
 }
 
 fn shr(a: Fr, b: Fr) -> Fr {

rln/src/iden3calc/storage.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 // This file is based on the code by iden3. Its preimage can be found here:
 // https://github.com/iden3/circom-witnesscalc/blob/5cb365b6e4d9052ecc69d4567fcf5bc061c20e94/src/storage.rs
 
+use ark_bn254::Fr;
+use ark_ff::PrimeField;
+use byteorder::{LittleEndian, ReadBytesExt, WriteBytesExt};
+use prost::Message;
+use std::io::{Read, Write};
+
 use crate::iden3calc::{
     graph,
     graph::{Operation, TresOperation, UnoOperation},
     proto, InputSignalsInfo,
 };
-use ark_bn254::Fr;
-use ark_ff::PrimeField;
-use byteorder::{LittleEndian, ReadBytesExt, WriteBytesExt};
-use prost::Message;
-use std::io::{Read, Write};
 
 // format of the wtns.graph file:
 // + magic line: wtns.graph.001

rln/src/lib.rs

@@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ pub mod public;
 pub mod public_api_tests;
 pub mod utils;
 
-#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
 pub mod ffi;

rln/src/protocol.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 // This crate collects all the underlying primitives used to implement RLN
 
+use ark_bn254::Fr;
 use ark_circom::CircomReduction;
 use ark_groth16::{prepare_verifying_key, Groth16, Proof as ArkProof, ProvingKey, VerifyingKey};
-use ark_relations::r1cs::ConstraintMatrices;
-use ark_relations::r1cs::SynthesisError;
+use ark_relations::r1cs::{ConstraintMatrices, SynthesisError};
 use ark_serialize::{CanonicalDeserialize, CanonicalSerialize};
 use ark_std::{rand::thread_rng, UniformRand};
 use color_eyre::{Report, Result};
@@ -16,9 +16,8 @@ use std::time::Instant;
 use thiserror::Error;
 use tiny_keccak::{Hasher as _, Keccak};
 
-use crate::circuit::{calculate_rln_witness, Curve, Fr};
-use crate::hashers::hash_to_field;
-use crate::hashers::poseidon_hash;
+use crate::circuit::{calculate_rln_witness, Curve};
+use crate::hashers::{hash_to_field, poseidon_hash};
 use crate::poseidon_tree::*;
 use crate::public::RLN_IDENTIFIER;
 use crate::utils::*;
@@ -100,18 +99,26 @@ pub fn deserialize_identity_tuple(serialized: Vec<u8>) -> (Fr, Fr, Fr, Fr) {
 /// # Errors
 ///
 /// Returns an error if `rln_witness.message_id` is not within `rln_witness.user_message_limit`.
+/// input data is [ identity_secret<32> | user_message_limit<32> | message_id<32> | path_elements[<32>] | identity_path_index<8> | x<32> | external_nullifier<32> ]
 pub fn serialize_witness(rln_witness: &RLNWitnessInput) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+    // Check if message_id is within user_message_limit
     message_id_range_check(&rln_witness.message_id, &rln_witness.user_message_limit)?;
 
-    let mut serialized: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-
-    serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&rln_witness.identity_secret));
-    serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&rln_witness.user_message_limit));
-    serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&rln_witness.message_id));
-    serialized.append(&mut vec_fr_to_bytes_le(&rln_witness.path_elements)?);
-    serialized.append(&mut vec_u8_to_bytes_le(&rln_witness.identity_path_index)?);
-    serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&rln_witness.x));
-    serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&rln_witness.external_nullifier));
+    // Calculate capacity for Vec:
+    // - 5 fixed field elements: identity_secret, user_message_limit, message_id, x, external_nullifier
+    // - variable number of path elements
+    // - identity_path_index (variable size)
+    let mut serialized: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(
+        fr_byte_size() * (5 + rln_witness.path_elements.len())
+            + rln_witness.identity_path_index.len(),
+    );
+    serialized.extend_from_slice(&fr_to_bytes_le(&rln_witness.identity_secret));
+    serialized.extend_from_slice(&fr_to_bytes_le(&rln_witness.user_message_limit));
+    serialized.extend_from_slice(&fr_to_bytes_le(&rln_witness.message_id));
+    serialized.extend_from_slice(&vec_fr_to_bytes_le(&rln_witness.path_elements)?);
+    serialized.extend_from_slice(&vec_u8_to_bytes_le(&rln_witness.identity_path_index)?);
+    serialized.extend_from_slice(&fr_to_bytes_le(&rln_witness.x));
+    serialized.extend_from_slice(&fr_to_bytes_le(&rln_witness.external_nullifier));
 
     Ok(serialized)
 }
@@ -219,7 +226,7 @@ pub fn proof_inputs_to_rln_witness(
     ))
 }
 
-/// Creates `RLNWitnessInput` from it's fields.
+/// Creates [`RLNWitnessInput`] from it's fields.
 ///
 /// # Errors
 ///
@@ -306,14 +313,17 @@ pub fn proof_values_from_witness(rln_witness: &RLNWitnessInput) -> Result<RLNPro
     })
 }
 
+/// input_data is [ root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> ]
 pub fn serialize_proof_values(rln_proof_values: &RLNProofValues) -> Vec<u8> {
-    let mut serialized: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+    // Calculate capacity for Vec:
+    // 5 field elements: root, external_nullifier, x, y, nullifier
+    let mut serialized = Vec::with_capacity(fr_byte_size() * 5);
 
-    serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&rln_proof_values.root));
-    serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&rln_proof_values.external_nullifier));
-    serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&rln_proof_values.x));
-    serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&rln_proof_values.y));
-    serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&rln_proof_values.nullifier));
+    serialized.extend_from_slice(&fr_to_bytes_le(&rln_proof_values.root));
+    serialized.extend_from_slice(&fr_to_bytes_le(&rln_proof_values.external_nullifier));
+    serialized.extend_from_slice(&fr_to_bytes_le(&rln_proof_values.x));
+    serialized.extend_from_slice(&fr_to_bytes_le(&rln_proof_values.y));
+    serialized.extend_from_slice(&fr_to_bytes_le(&rln_proof_values.nullifier));
 
     serialized
 }
@@ -350,30 +360,43 @@ pub fn deserialize_proof_values(serialized: &[u8]) -> (RLNProofValues, usize) {
     )
 }
 
+// input_data is [ identity_secret<32> | id_index<8> | user_message_limit<32> | message_id<32> | external_nullifier<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
 pub fn prepare_prove_input(
     identity_secret: Fr,
     id_index: usize,
+    user_message_limit: Fr,
+    message_id: Fr,
     external_nullifier: Fr,
     signal: &[u8],
 ) -> Vec<u8> {
-    let mut serialized: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+    // Calculate capacity for Vec:
+    // - 4 field elements: identity_secret, user_message_limit, message_id, external_nullifier
+    // - 16 bytes for two normalized usize values (id_index<8> + signal_len<8>)
+    // - variable length signal data
+    let mut serialized = Vec::with_capacity(fr_byte_size() * 4 + 16 + signal.len()); // length of 4 fr elements + 16 bytes (id_index + len) + signal length
 
-    serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&identity_secret));
-    serialized.append(&mut normalize_usize(id_index));
-    serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&external_nullifier));
-    serialized.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal.len()));
-    serialized.append(&mut signal.to_vec());
+    serialized.extend_from_slice(&fr_to_bytes_le(&identity_secret));
+    serialized.extend_from_slice(&normalize_usize(id_index));
+    serialized.extend_from_slice(&fr_to_bytes_le(&user_message_limit));
+    serialized.extend_from_slice(&fr_to_bytes_le(&message_id));
+    serialized.extend_from_slice(&fr_to_bytes_le(&external_nullifier));
+    serialized.extend_from_slice(&normalize_usize(signal.len()));
+    serialized.extend_from_slice(signal);
 
     serialized
 }
 
-#[allow(clippy::redundant_clone)]
+// input_data is [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
 pub fn prepare_verify_input(proof_data: Vec<u8>, signal: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
-    let mut serialized: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+    // Calculate capacity for Vec:
+    // - proof_data contains the proof and proof values (proof<128> + root<32> + external_nullifier<32> + x<32> + y<32> + nullifier<32>)
+    // - 8 bytes for normalized signal length value (signal_len<8>)
+    // - variable length signal data
+    let mut serialized = Vec::with_capacity(proof_data.len() + 8 + signal.len());
 
-    serialized.append(&mut proof_data.clone());
-    serialized.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal.len()));
-    serialized.append(&mut signal.to_vec());
+    serialized.extend(proof_data);
+    serialized.extend_from_slice(&normalize_usize(signal.len()));
+    serialized.extend_from_slice(signal);
 
     serialized
 }
@@ -582,40 +605,23 @@ pub fn generate_proof_with_witness(
 /// Returns an error if `rln_witness.message_id` is not within `rln_witness.user_message_limit`.
 pub fn inputs_for_witness_calculation(
     rln_witness: &RLNWitnessInput,
-) -> Result<[(&str, Vec<BigInt>); 7]> {
+) -> Result<[(&str, Vec<Fr>); 7]> {
     message_id_range_check(&rln_witness.message_id, &rln_witness.user_message_limit)?;
 
-    // We convert the path indexes to field elements
-    // TODO: check if necessary
-    let mut path_elements = Vec::new();
-
-    for v in rln_witness.path_elements.iter() {
-        path_elements.push(to_bigint(v)?);
-    }
-
-    let mut identity_path_index = Vec::new();
+    let mut identity_path_index = Vec::with_capacity(rln_witness.identity_path_index.len());
     rln_witness
         .identity_path_index
         .iter()
-        .for_each(|v| identity_path_index.push(BigInt::from(*v)));
+        .for_each(|v| identity_path_index.push(Fr::from(*v)));
 
     Ok([
-        (
-            "identitySecret",
-            vec![to_bigint(&rln_witness.identity_secret)?],
-        ),
-        (
-            "userMessageLimit",
-            vec![to_bigint(&rln_witness.user_message_limit)?],
-        ),
-        ("messageId", vec![to_bigint(&rln_witness.message_id)?]),
-        ("pathElements", path_elements),
+        ("identitySecret", vec![rln_witness.identity_secret]),
+        ("userMessageLimit", vec![rln_witness.user_message_limit]),
+        ("messageId", vec![rln_witness.message_id]),
+        ("pathElements", rln_witness.path_elements.clone()),
         ("identityPathIndex", identity_path_index),
-        ("x", vec![to_bigint(&rln_witness.x)?]),
-        (
-            "externalNullifier",
-            vec![to_bigint(&rln_witness.external_nullifier)?],
-        ),
+        ("x", vec![rln_witness.x]),
+        ("externalNullifier", vec![rln_witness.external_nullifier]),
     ])
 }
 
@@ -627,6 +633,7 @@ pub fn inputs_for_witness_calculation(
 pub fn generate_proof(
     proving_key: &(ProvingKey<Curve>, ConstraintMatrices<Fr>),
     rln_witness: &RLNWitnessInput,
+    graph_data: &[u8],
 ) -> Result<ArkProof<Curve>, ProofError> {
     let inputs = inputs_for_witness_calculation(rln_witness)?
         .into_iter()
@@ -635,7 +642,7 @@ pub fn generate_proof(
     // If in debug mode, we measure and later print time take to compute witness
     #[cfg(test)]
     let now = Instant::now();
-    let full_assignment = calculate_rln_witness(inputs);
+    let full_assignment = calculate_rln_witness(inputs, graph_data);
 
     #[cfg(test)]
     println!("witness generation took: {:.2?}", now.elapsed());
@@ -721,7 +728,7 @@ where
     a.map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)
 }
 
-/// Converts a JSON value into [`RLNWitnessInput`](crate::protocol::RLNWitnessInput) object.
+/// Converts a JSON value into [`RLNWitnessInput`] object.
 ///
 /// # Errors
 ///
@@ -733,7 +740,7 @@ pub fn rln_witness_from_json(input_json: serde_json::Value) -> Result<RLNWitness
     Ok(rln_witness)
 }
 
-/// Converts a [`RLNWitnessInput`](crate::protocol::RLNWitnessInput) object to the corresponding JSON serialization.
+/// Converts a [`RLNWitnessInput`] object to the corresponding JSON serialization.
 ///
 /// # Errors
 ///
@@ -745,7 +752,7 @@ pub fn rln_witness_to_json(rln_witness: &RLNWitnessInput) -> Result<serde_json::
     Ok(rln_witness_json)
 }
 
-/// Converts a [`RLNWitnessInput`](crate::protocol::RLNWitnessInput) object to the corresponding JSON serialization.
+/// Converts a [`RLNWitnessInput`] object to the corresponding JSON serialization.
 /// Before serialisation the data should be translated into big int for further calculation in the witness calculator.
 ///
 /// # Errors

rln/src/public.rs

@@ -1,31 +1,23 @@
-use crate::circuit::{vk_from_raw, zkey_from_raw, Curve, Fr};
+/// This is the main public API for RLN module. It is used by the FFI, and should be
+/// used by tests etc. as well
+#[cfg(not(feature = "stateless"))]
+use {
+    crate::{circuit::TEST_TREE_HEIGHT, poseidon_tree::PoseidonTree},
+    serde_json::{json, Value},
+    std::str::FromStr,
+    utils::{Hasher, ZerokitMerkleProof, ZerokitMerkleTree},
+};
+
+use crate::circuit::{graph_from_folder, vk_from_raw, zkey_from_folder, zkey_from_raw, Curve, Fr};
 use crate::hashers::{hash_to_field, poseidon_hash as utils_poseidon_hash};
 use crate::protocol::*;
 use crate::utils::*;
-/// This is the main public API for RLN module. It is used by the FFI, and should be
-/// used by tests etc. as well
-use ark_groth16::Proof as ArkProof;
-use ark_groth16::{ProvingKey, VerifyingKey};
+
+use ark_groth16::{Proof as ArkProof, ProvingKey, VerifyingKey};
 use ark_relations::r1cs::ConstraintMatrices;
 use ark_serialize::{CanonicalDeserialize, CanonicalSerialize, Read, Write};
-use cfg_if::cfg_if;
 use color_eyre::{Report, Result};
-use std::io::Cursor;
-use utils::{ZerokitMerkleProof, ZerokitMerkleTree};
-
-cfg_if! {
-    if #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))] {
-        use std::default::Default;
-        use crate::circuit::{vk_from_folder, zkey_from_folder, TEST_TREE_HEIGHT};
-        use crate::poseidon_tree::PoseidonTree;
-        use serde_json::{json, Value};
-        use utils::Hasher;
-        use std::str::FromStr;
-    } else {
-        use std::marker::*;
-        use num_bigint::BigInt;
-    }
-}
+use std::{default::Default, io::Cursor};
 
 /// The application-specific RLN identifier.
 ///
@@ -40,10 +32,9 @@ pub const RLN_IDENTIFIER: &[u8] = b"zerokit/rln/010203040506070809";
 pub struct RLN {
     proving_key: (ProvingKey<Curve>, ConstraintMatrices<Fr>),
     pub(crate) verification_key: VerifyingKey<Curve>,
+    pub(crate) graph_data: Vec<u8>,
     #[cfg(not(feature = "stateless"))]
     pub(crate) tree: PoseidonTree,
-    #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
-    _marker: PhantomData<()>,
 }
 
 impl RLN {
@@ -63,7 +54,7 @@ impl RLN {
     /// // We create a new RLN instance
     /// let mut rln = RLN::new(tree_height, input);
     /// ```
-    #[cfg(all(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), not(feature = "stateless")))]
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "stateless"))]
     pub fn new<R: Read>(tree_height: usize, mut input_data: R) -> Result<RLN> {
         // We read input
         let mut input: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
@@ -73,8 +64,8 @@ impl RLN {
         let tree_config = rln_config["tree_config"].to_string();
 
         let proving_key = zkey_from_folder();
-
-        let verification_key = vk_from_folder();
+        let verification_key = &proving_key.0.vk;
+        let graph_data = graph_from_folder();
 
         let tree_config: <PoseidonTree as ZerokitMerkleTree>::Config = if tree_config.is_empty() {
             <PoseidonTree as ZerokitMerkleTree>::Config::default()
@@ -92,10 +83,9 @@ impl RLN {
         Ok(RLN {
             proving_key: proving_key.to_owned(),
             verification_key: verification_key.to_owned(),
+            graph_data: graph_data.to_vec(),
             #[cfg(not(feature = "stateless"))]
             tree,
-            #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
-            _marker: PhantomData,
         })
     }
 
@@ -108,17 +98,16 @@ impl RLN {
     /// let mut rln = RLN::new();
     /// ```
     #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "stateless")))]
-    #[cfg(all(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), feature = "stateless"))]
+    #[cfg(feature = "stateless")]
     pub fn new() -> Result<RLN> {
-        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
         let proving_key = zkey_from_folder();
-        let verification_key = vk_from_folder();
+        let verification_key = &proving_key.0.vk;
+        let graph_data = graph_from_folder();
 
         Ok(RLN {
             proving_key: proving_key.to_owned(),
             verification_key: verification_key.to_owned(),
-            #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
-            _marker: PhantomData,
+            graph_data: graph_data.to_vec(),
         })
     }
 
@@ -127,7 +116,6 @@ impl RLN {
     /// Input parameters are
     /// - `tree_height`: the height of the internal Merkle tree
     /// - `zkey_vec`: a byte vector containing to the proving key (`rln_final.zkey`)  or (`rln_final.arkzkey`) as binary file
-    /// - `vk_vec`: a byte vector containing to the verification key (`verification_key.arkvkey`) as binary file
     /// - `tree_config_input`: a reader for a string containing a json with the merkle tree configuration
     ///
     /// Example:
@@ -139,7 +127,7 @@ impl RLN {
     /// let resources_folder = "./resources/tree_height_20/";
     ///
     /// let mut resources: Vec<Vec<u8>> = Vec::new();
-    /// for filename in ["rln_final.zkey", "verification_key.arkvkey"] {
+    /// for filename in ["rln_final.zkey", "graph.bin"] {
     ///     let fullpath = format!("{resources_folder}{filename}");
     ///     let mut file = File::open(&fullpath).expect("no file found");
     ///     let metadata = std::fs::metadata(&fullpath).expect("unable to read metadata");
@@ -155,19 +143,19 @@ impl RLN {
     ///     tree_height,
     ///     resources[0].clone(),
     ///     resources[1].clone(),
+    ///     resources[2].clone(),
     ///     tree_config_buffer,
     /// );
     /// ```
-    #[cfg(all(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), not(feature = "stateless")))]
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "stateless"))]
     pub fn new_with_params<R: Read>(
         tree_height: usize,
         zkey_vec: Vec<u8>,
-        vk_vec: Vec<u8>,
+        graph_data: Vec<u8>,
         mut tree_config_input: R,
     ) -> Result<RLN> {
-        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
         let proving_key = zkey_from_raw(&zkey_vec)?;
-        let verification_key = vk_from_raw(&vk_vec, &zkey_vec)?;
+        let verification_key = vk_from_raw(&zkey_vec)?;
 
         let mut tree_config_vec: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
         tree_config_input.read_to_end(&mut tree_config_vec)?;
@@ -189,10 +177,9 @@ impl RLN {
         Ok(RLN {
             proving_key,
             verification_key,
+            graph_data,
             #[cfg(not(feature = "stateless"))]
             tree,
-            #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
-            _marker: PhantomData,
         })
     }
 
@@ -200,7 +187,6 @@ impl RLN {
     ///
     /// Input parameters are
     /// - `zkey_vec`: a byte vector containing to the proving key (`rln_final.zkey`)  or (`rln_final.arkzkey`) as binary file
-    /// - `vk_vec`: a byte vector containing to the verification key (`verification_key.arkvkey`) as binary file
     ///
     /// Example:
     /// ```
@@ -210,7 +196,7 @@ impl RLN {
     /// let resources_folder = "./resources/tree_height_20/";
     ///
     /// let mut resources: Vec<Vec<u8>> = Vec::new();
-    /// for filename in ["rln_final.zkey", "verification_key.arkvkey"] {
+    /// for filename in ["rln_final.zkey", "graph.bin"] {
     ///     let fullpath = format!("{resources_folder}{filename}");
     ///     let mut file = File::open(&fullpath).expect("no file found");
     ///     let metadata = std::fs::metadata(&fullpath).expect("unable to read metadata");
@@ -222,56 +208,18 @@ impl RLN {
     /// let mut rln = RLN::new_with_params(
     ///     resources[0].clone(),
     ///     resources[1].clone(),
+    ///     resources[2].clone(),
     /// );
     /// ```
-    #[cfg(all(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), feature = "stateless"))]
-    pub fn new_with_params(zkey_vec: Vec<u8>, vk_vec: Vec<u8>) -> Result<RLN> {
+    #[cfg(feature = "stateless")]
+    pub fn new_with_params(zkey_vec: Vec<u8>, graph_data: Vec<u8>) -> Result<RLN> {
         let proving_key = zkey_from_raw(&zkey_vec)?;
-        let verification_key = vk_from_raw(&vk_vec, &zkey_vec)?;
+        let verification_key = vk_from_raw(&zkey_vec)?;
 
         Ok(RLN {
             proving_key,
             verification_key,
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a new stateless RLN object by passing circuit resources as byte vectors.
-    ///
-    /// Input parameters are
-    /// - `zkey_vec`: a byte vector containing to the proving key (`rln_final.zkey`)  or (`rln_final.arkzkey`) as binary file
-    /// - `vk_vec`: a byte vector containing to the verification key (`verification_key.arkvkey`) as binary file
-    ///
-    /// Example:
-    /// ```
-    /// use std::fs::File;
-    /// use std::io::Read;
-    ///
-    /// let resources_folder = "./resources/tree_height_20/";
-    ///
-    /// let mut resources: Vec<Vec<u8>> = Vec::new();
-    /// for filename in ["rln_final.zkey", "verification_key.arkvkey"] {
-    ///     let fullpath = format!("{resources_folder}{filename}");
-    ///     let mut file = File::open(&fullpath).expect("no file found");
-    ///     let metadata = std::fs::metadata(&fullpath).expect("unable to read metadata");
-    ///     let mut buffer = vec![0; metadata.len() as usize];
-    ///     file.read_exact(&mut buffer).expect("buffer overflow");
-    ///     resources.push(buffer);
-    /// }
-    ///
-    /// let mut rln = RLN::new_with_params(
-    ///     resources[0].clone(),
-    ///     resources[1].clone(),
-    /// );
-    /// ```
-    #[cfg(all(target_arch = "wasm32", feature = "stateless"))]
-    pub fn new_with_params(zkey_vec: Vec<u8>, vk_vec: Vec<u8>) -> Result<RLN> {
-        let proving_key = zkey_from_raw(&zkey_vec)?;
-        let verification_key = vk_from_raw(&vk_vec, &zkey_vec)?;
-
-        Ok(RLN {
-            proving_key,
-            verification_key,
-            _marker: PhantomData,
+            graph_data,
         })
     }
 
@@ -729,10 +677,10 @@ impl RLN {
     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     // zkSNARK APIs
     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    /// Computes a zkSNARK RLN proof using a [`RLNWitnessInput`](crate::protocol::RLNWitnessInput).
+    /// Computes a zkSNARK RLN proof using a [`RLNWitnessInput`].
     ///
     /// Input values are:
-    /// - `input_data`: a reader for the serialization of a [`RLNWitnessInput`](crate::protocol::RLNWitnessInput) object, containing the public and private inputs to the ZK circuits (serialization done using [`rln::protocol::serialize_witness`](crate::protocol::serialize_witness))
+    /// - `input_data`: a reader for the serialization of a [`RLNWitnessInput`] object, containing the public and private inputs to the ZK circuits (serialization done using [`rln::protocol::serialize_witness`](crate::protocol::serialize_witness))
     ///
     /// Output values are:
     /// - `output_data`: a writer receiving the serialization of the zkSNARK proof
@@ -750,7 +698,6 @@ impl RLN {
     /// rln.prove(&mut input_buffer, &mut output_buffer).unwrap();
     /// let zk_proof = output_buffer.into_inner();
     /// ```
-    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
     pub fn prove<R: Read, W: Write>(
         &mut self,
         mut input_data: R,
@@ -761,7 +708,7 @@ impl RLN {
         input_data.read_to_end(&mut serialized)?;
         let (rln_witness, _) = deserialize_witness(&serialized)?;
 
-        let proof = generate_proof(&self.proving_key, &rln_witness)?;
+        let proof = generate_proof(&self.proving_key, &rln_witness, &self.graph_data)?;
 
         // Note: we export a serialization of ark-groth16::Proof not semaphore::Proof
         proof.serialize_compressed(&mut output_data)?;
@@ -843,26 +790,25 @@ impl RLN {
     /// let mut buffer = Cursor::new(fr_to_bytes_le(&rate_commitment));
     /// rln.set_leaf(identity_index, &mut buffer).unwrap();
     ///
-    /// // We generate a random signal
-    /// let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
-    /// let signal: [u8; 32] = rng.gen();
-    ///
     /// // We generate a random epoch
     /// let epoch = hash_to_field(b"test-epoch");
     /// // We generate a random rln_identifier
     /// let rln_identifier = hash_to_field(b"test-rln-identifier");
-    /// let external_nullifier = poseidon_hash(&[epoch, rln_identifier]);
+    /// // We generate a external nullifier
+    /// let external_nullifier = utils_poseidon_hash(&[epoch, rln_identifier]);
+    /// // We choose a message_id satisfy 0 <= message_id < MESSAGE_LIMIT
+    /// let message_id = Fr::from(1);
     ///
     /// // We prepare input for generate_rln_proof API
     /// // input_data is [ identity_secret<32> | id_index<8> | user_message_limit<32> | message_id<32> | external_nullifier<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
-    /// let mut serialized: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-    /// serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&identity_secret_hash));
-    /// serialized.append(&mut normalize_usize(identity_index));
-    /// serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&user_message_limit));
-    /// serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&Fr::from(1))); // message_id
-    /// serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&external_nullifier));
-    /// serialized.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal_len).resize(8,0));
-    /// serialized.append(&mut signal.to_vec());
+    /// let prove_input = prepare_prove_input(
+    ///     identity_secret_hash,
+    ///     identity_index,
+    ///     user_message_limit,
+    ///     message_id,
+    ///     external_nullifier,
+    ///     &signal,
+    /// );
     ///
     /// let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(serialized);
     /// let mut output_buffer = Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
@@ -872,7 +818,7 @@ impl RLN {
     /// // proof_data is [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32>]
     /// let mut proof_data = output_buffer.into_inner();
     /// ```
-    #[cfg(all(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), not(feature = "stateless")))]
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "stateless"))]
     pub fn generate_rln_proof<R: Read, W: Write>(
         &mut self,
         mut input_data: R,
@@ -884,7 +830,7 @@ impl RLN {
         let (rln_witness, _) = proof_inputs_to_rln_witness(&mut self.tree, &witness_byte)?;
         let proof_values = proof_values_from_witness(&rln_witness)?;
 
-        let proof = generate_proof(&self.proving_key, &rln_witness)?;
+        let proof = generate_proof(&self.proving_key, &rln_witness, &self.graph_data)?;
 
         // Note: we export a serialization of ark-groth16::Proof not semaphore::Proof
         // This proof is compressed, i.e. 128 bytes long
@@ -894,34 +840,10 @@ impl RLN {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    // TODO: this function seems to use redundant witness (as bigint and serialized) and should be refactored
-    // Generate RLN Proof using a witness calculated from outside zerokit
-    //
-    // output_data is [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32>]
-    #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
-    pub fn generate_rln_proof_with_witness<W: Write>(
-        &mut self,
-        calculated_witness: Vec<BigInt>,
-        rln_witness_vec: Vec<u8>,
-        mut output_data: W,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let (rln_witness, _) = deserialize_witness(&rln_witness_vec[..])?;
-        let proof_values = proof_values_from_witness(&rln_witness)?;
-
-        let proof = generate_proof_with_witness(calculated_witness, &self.proving_key).unwrap();
-
-        // Note: we export a serialization of ark-groth16::Proof not semaphore::Proof
-        // This proof is compressed, i.e. 128 bytes long
-        proof.serialize_compressed(&mut output_data)?;
-        output_data.write_all(&serialize_proof_values(&proof_values))?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
     // Generate RLN Proof using a witness calculated from outside zerokit
     //
     // output_data is  [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32>]
     // we skip it from documentation for now
-    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
     pub fn generate_rln_proof_with_witness<R: Read, W: Write>(
         &mut self,
         mut input_data: R,
@@ -932,7 +854,7 @@ impl RLN {
         let (rln_witness, _) = deserialize_witness(&witness_byte)?;
         let proof_values = proof_values_from_witness(&rln_witness)?;
 
-        let proof = generate_proof(&self.proving_key, &rln_witness)?;
+        let proof = generate_proof(&self.proving_key, &rln_witness, &self.graph_data)?;
 
         // Note: we export a serialization of ark-groth16::Proof not semaphore::Proof
         // This proof is compressed, i.e. 128 bytes long
@@ -961,10 +883,9 @@ impl RLN {
     /// // We prepare input for verify_rln_proof API
     /// // input_data is  `[ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var>]`
     /// // that is [ proof_data || signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
-    /// proof_data.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal_len));
-    /// proof_data.append(&mut signal.to_vec());
+    /// let verify_input = prepare_verify_input(proof_data, &signal);
     ///
-    /// let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(proof_data);
+    /// let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(verify_input);
     /// let verified = rln.verify_rln_proof(&mut input_buffer).unwrap();
     ///
     /// assert!(verified);
@@ -1040,7 +961,7 @@ impl RLN {
     /// roots_serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&root));
     /// roots_buffer = Cursor::new(roots_serialized.clone());
     /// let verified = rln
-    ///     .verify_with_roots(&mut input_buffer.clone(), &mut roots_buffer)
+    ///     .verify_with_roots(&mut input_buffer, &mut roots_buffer)
     ///     .unwrap();
     ///
     /// assert!(verified);
@@ -1328,12 +1249,12 @@ impl RLN {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Returns the serialization of a [`RLNWitnessInput`](crate::protocol::RLNWitnessInput) populated from the identity secret, the Merkle tree index, the user message limit, the message id, the external nullifier (which include epoch and rln identifier) and signal.
+    /// Returns the serialization of a [`RLNWitnessInput`] populated from the identity secret, the Merkle tree index, the user message limit, the message id, the external nullifier (which include epoch and rln identifier) and signal.
     ///
     /// Input values are:
     /// - `input_data`: a reader for the serialization of `[ identity_secret<32> | id_index<8> | user_message_limit<32> | message_id<32> | external_nullifier<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]`
     ///
-    /// The function returns the corresponding [`RLNWitnessInput`](crate::protocol::RLNWitnessInput) object serialized using [`rln::protocol::serialize_witness`](crate::protocol::serialize_witness).
+    /// The function returns the corresponding [`RLNWitnessInput`] object serialized using [`rln::protocol::serialize_witness`](crate::protocol::serialize_witness).
     #[cfg(not(feature = "stateless"))]
     pub fn get_serialized_rln_witness<R: Read>(&mut self, mut input_data: R) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
         // We read input RLN witness and we serialize_compressed it
@@ -1344,24 +1265,24 @@ impl RLN {
         serialize_witness(&rln_witness)
     }
 
-    /// Converts a byte serialization of a [`RLNWitnessInput`](crate::protocol::RLNWitnessInput) object to the corresponding JSON serialization.
+    /// Converts a byte serialization of a [`RLNWitnessInput`] object to the corresponding JSON serialization.
     ///
     /// Input values are:
-    /// - `serialized_witness`: the byte serialization of a [`RLNWitnessInput`](crate::protocol::RLNWitnessInput) object (serialization done with  [`rln::protocol::serialize_witness`](crate::protocol::serialize_witness)).
+    /// - `serialized_witness`: the byte serialization of a [`RLNWitnessInput`] object (serialization done with  [`rln::protocol::serialize_witness`](crate::protocol::serialize_witness)).
     ///
-    /// The function returns the corresponding JSON encoding of the input [`RLNWitnessInput`](crate::protocol::RLNWitnessInput) object.
+    /// The function returns the corresponding JSON encoding of the input [`RLNWitnessInput`] object.
     pub fn get_rln_witness_json(&mut self, serialized_witness: &[u8]) -> Result<serde_json::Value> {
         let (rln_witness, _) = deserialize_witness(serialized_witness)?;
         rln_witness_to_json(&rln_witness)
     }
 
-    /// Converts a byte serialization of a [`RLNWitnessInput`](crate::protocol::RLNWitnessInput) object to the corresponding JSON serialization.
+    /// Converts a byte serialization of a [`RLNWitnessInput`] object to the corresponding JSON serialization.
     /// Before serialization the data will be translated into big int for further calculation in the witness calculator.
     ///
     /// Input values are:
-    /// - `serialized_witness`: the byte serialization of a [`RLNWitnessInput`](crate::protocol::RLNWitnessInput) object (serialization done with  [`rln::protocol::serialize_witness`](crate::protocol::serialize_witness)).
+    /// - `serialized_witness`: the byte serialization of a [`RLNWitnessInput`] object (serialization done with  [`rln::protocol::serialize_witness`](crate::protocol::serialize_witness)).
     ///
-    /// The function returns the corresponding JSON encoding of the input [`RLNWitnessInput`](crate::protocol::RLNWitnessInput) object.
+    /// The function returns the corresponding JSON encoding of the input [`RLNWitnessInput`] object.
     pub fn get_rln_witness_bigint_json(
         &mut self,
         serialized_witness: &[u8],
@@ -1380,7 +1301,6 @@ impl RLN {
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
 impl Default for RLN {
     fn default() -> Self {
         #[cfg(not(feature = "stateless"))]

rln/src/public_api_tests.rs

@@ -9,28 +9,28 @@ use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use serde_json::{json, Value};
 
-fn fq_from_str(s: String) -> ark_bn254::Fq {
+fn fq_from_str(s: &str) -> ark_bn254::Fq {
     ark_bn254::Fq::from_str(&s).unwrap()
 }
 
 fn g1_from_str(g1: &[String]) -> ark_bn254::G1Affine {
-    let x = fq_from_str(g1[0].clone());
-    let y = fq_from_str(g1[1].clone());
-    let z = fq_from_str(g1[2].clone());
+    let x = fq_from_str(&g1[0]);
+    let y = fq_from_str(&g1[1]);
+    let z = fq_from_str(&g1[2]);
     ark_bn254::G1Affine::from(ark_bn254::G1Projective::new(x, y, z))
 }
 
 fn g2_from_str(g2: &[Vec<String>]) -> ark_bn254::G2Affine {
-    let c0 = fq_from_str(g2[0][0].clone());
-    let c1 = fq_from_str(g2[0][1].clone());
+    let c0 = fq_from_str(&g2[0][0]);
+    let c1 = fq_from_str(&g2[0][1]);
     let x = ark_bn254::Fq2::new(c0, c1);
 
-    let c0 = fq_from_str(g2[1][0].clone());
-    let c1 = fq_from_str(g2[1][1].clone());
+    let c0 = fq_from_str(&g2[1][0]);
+    let c1 = fq_from_str(&g2[1][1]);
     let y = ark_bn254::Fq2::new(c0, c1);
 
-    let c0 = fq_from_str(g2[2][0].clone());
-    let c1 = fq_from_str(g2[2][1].clone());
+    let c0 = fq_from_str(&g2[2][0]);
+    let c1 = fq_from_str(&g2[2][1]);
     let z = ark_bn254::Fq2::new(c0, c1);
 
     ark_bn254::G2Affine::from(ark_bn254::G2Projective::new(x, y, z))
@@ -619,35 +619,36 @@ mod tree_test {
         let epoch = hash_to_field(b"test-epoch");
         // We generate a random rln_identifier
         let rln_identifier = hash_to_field(b"test-rln-identifier");
+        // We generate a external nullifier
+        let external_nullifier = utils_poseidon_hash(&[epoch, rln_identifier]);
+        // We choose a message_id satisfy 0 <= message_id < MESSAGE_LIMIT
+        let message_id = Fr::from(1);
 
         // We prepare input for generate_rln_proof API
-        let mut serialized: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&identity_secret_hash));
-        serialized.append(&mut normalize_usize(identity_index));
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&user_message_limit));
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&Fr::from(1)));
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&utils_poseidon_hash(&[
-            epoch,
-            rln_identifier,
-        ])));
-        serialized.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal.len()));
-        serialized.append(&mut signal.to_vec());
+        // input_data is [ identity_secret<32> | id_index<8> | user_message_limit<32> | message_id<32> | external_nullifier<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
+        let prove_input = prepare_prove_input(
+            identity_secret_hash,
+            identity_index,
+            user_message_limit,
+            message_id,
+            external_nullifier,
+            &signal,
+        );
 
-        let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(serialized);
+        let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(prove_input);
         let mut output_buffer = Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
         rln.generate_rln_proof(&mut input_buffer, &mut output_buffer)
             .unwrap();
 
         // output_data is [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> ]
-        let mut proof_data = output_buffer.into_inner();
+        let proof_data = output_buffer.into_inner();
 
         // We prepare input for verify_rln_proof API
-        // input_data is  [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
+        // input_data is [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
         // that is [ proof_data || signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
-        proof_data.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal.len()));
-        proof_data.append(&mut signal.to_vec());
+        let verify_input = prepare_verify_input(proof_data, &signal);
 
-        let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(proof_data);
+        let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(verify_input);
         let verified = rln.verify_rln_proof(&mut input_buffer).unwrap();
 
         assert!(verified);
@@ -690,22 +691,23 @@ mod tree_test {
         let epoch = hash_to_field(b"test-epoch");
         // We generate a random rln_identifier
         let rln_identifier = hash_to_field(b"test-rln-identifier");
+        // We generate a external nullifier
+        let external_nullifier = utils_poseidon_hash(&[epoch, rln_identifier]);
+        // We choose a message_id satisfy 0 <= message_id < MESSAGE_LIMIT
+        let message_id = Fr::from(1);
 
         // We prepare input for generate_rln_proof API
-        // input_data is [ identity_secret<32> | id_index<8> | epoch<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
-        let mut serialized: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&identity_secret_hash));
-        serialized.append(&mut normalize_usize(identity_index));
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&user_message_limit));
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&Fr::from(1)));
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&utils_poseidon_hash(&[
-            epoch,
-            rln_identifier,
-        ])));
-        serialized.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal.len()));
-        serialized.append(&mut signal.to_vec());
+        // input_data is [ identity_secret<32> | id_index<8> | user_message_limit<32> | message_id<32> | external_nullifier<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
+        let prove_input = prepare_prove_input(
+            identity_secret_hash,
+            identity_index,
+            user_message_limit,
+            message_id,
+            external_nullifier,
+            &signal,
+        );
 
-        let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(serialized);
+        let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(prove_input);
 
         // We read input RLN witness and we serialize_compressed it
         let mut witness_byte: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
@@ -720,16 +722,15 @@ mod tree_test {
         rln.generate_rln_proof_with_witness(&mut input_buffer, &mut output_buffer)
             .unwrap();
 
-        // output_data is  [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> ]
-        let mut proof_data = output_buffer.into_inner();
+        // output_data is [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> ]
+        let proof_data = output_buffer.into_inner();
 
         // We prepare input for verify_rln_proof API
-        // input_data is  [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
+        // input_data is [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
         // that is [ proof_data || signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
-        proof_data.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal.len()));
-        proof_data.append(&mut signal.to_vec());
+        let verify_input = prepare_verify_input(proof_data, &signal);
 
-        let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(proof_data);
+        let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(verify_input);
         let verified = rln.verify_rln_proof(&mut input_buffer).unwrap();
 
         assert!(verified);
@@ -773,33 +774,35 @@ mod tree_test {
         let epoch = hash_to_field(b"test-epoch");
         // We generate a random rln_identifier
         let rln_identifier = hash_to_field(b"test-rln-identifier");
+        // We generate a external nullifier
         let external_nullifier = utils_poseidon_hash(&[epoch, rln_identifier]);
+        // We choose a message_id satisfy 0 <= message_id < MESSAGE_LIMIT
+        let message_id = Fr::from(1);
 
         // We prepare input for generate_rln_proof API
-        // input_data is [ identity_secret<32> | id_index<8> | external_nullifier<32> | user_message_limit<32> | message_id<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
-        let mut serialized: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&identity_secret_hash));
-        serialized.append(&mut normalize_usize(identity_index));
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&user_message_limit));
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&Fr::from(1)));
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&external_nullifier));
-        serialized.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal.len()));
-        serialized.append(&mut signal.to_vec());
+        // input_data is [ identity_secret<32> | id_index<8> | user_message_limit<32> | message_id<32> | external_nullifier<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
+        let prove_input = prepare_prove_input(
+            identity_secret_hash,
+            identity_index,
+            user_message_limit,
+            message_id,
+            external_nullifier,
+            &signal,
+        );
 
-        let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(serialized);
+        let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(prove_input);
         let mut output_buffer = Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
         rln.generate_rln_proof(&mut input_buffer, &mut output_buffer)
             .unwrap();
 
-        // output_data is  [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> ]
-        let mut proof_data = output_buffer.into_inner();
+        // output_data is [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> ]
+        let proof_data = output_buffer.into_inner();
 
-        // We prepare input for verify_rln_proof API
-        // input_data is [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
+        // input_data is  [ proof<128> |// We prepare input for verify_rln_proof API root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
         // that is [ proof_data || signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
-        proof_data.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal.len()));
-        proof_data.append(&mut signal.to_vec());
-        let input_buffer = Cursor::new(proof_data);
+        let verify_input = prepare_verify_input(proof_data, &signal);
+
+        let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(verify_input);
 
         // If no roots is provided, proof validation is skipped and if the remaining proof values are valid, the proof will be correctly verified
         let mut roots_serialized: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
@@ -828,9 +831,9 @@ mod tree_test {
 
         // We add the real root and we check if now the proof is verified
         roots_serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&root));
-        roots_buffer = Cursor::new(roots_serialized.clone());
+        roots_buffer = Cursor::new(roots_serialized);
         let verified = rln
-            .verify_with_roots(&mut input_buffer.clone(), &mut roots_buffer)
+            .verify_with_roots(&mut input_buffer, &mut roots_buffer)
             .unwrap();
 
         assert!(verified);
@@ -846,7 +849,6 @@ mod tree_test {
         // Generate identity pair
         let (identity_secret_hash, id_commitment) = keygen();
         let user_message_limit = Fr::from(100);
-        let message_id = Fr::from(0);
         let rate_commitment = utils_poseidon_hash(&[id_commitment, user_message_limit]);
 
         // We set as leaf id_commitment after storing its index
@@ -864,41 +866,49 @@ mod tree_test {
         let epoch = hash_to_field(b"test-epoch");
         // We generate a random rln_identifier
         let rln_identifier = hash_to_field(b"test-rln-identifier");
+        // We generate a external nullifier
         let external_nullifier = utils_poseidon_hash(&[epoch, rln_identifier]);
+        // We choose a message_id satisfy 0 <= message_id < MESSAGE_LIMIT
+        let message_id = Fr::from(1);
 
         // We generate two proofs using same epoch but different signals.
 
         // We prepare input for generate_rln_proof API
-        let mut serialized1: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-        serialized1.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&identity_secret_hash));
-        serialized1.append(&mut normalize_usize(identity_index));
-        serialized1.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&user_message_limit));
-        serialized1.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&message_id));
-        serialized1.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&external_nullifier));
+        // input_data is [ identity_secret<32> | id_index<8> | user_message_limit<32> | message_id<32> | external_nullifier<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
+        let prove_input1 = prepare_prove_input(
+            identity_secret_hash,
+            identity_index,
+            user_message_limit,
+            message_id,
+            external_nullifier,
+            &signal1,
+        );
 
-        // The first part is the same for both proof input, so we clone
-        let mut serialized2 = serialized1.clone();
-
-        // We attach the first signal to the first proof input
-        serialized1.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal1.len()));
-        serialized1.append(&mut signal1.to_vec());
-
-        // We attach the second signal to the second proof input
-        serialized2.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal2.len()));
-        serialized2.append(&mut signal2.to_vec());
+        let prove_input2 = prepare_prove_input(
+            identity_secret_hash,
+            identity_index,
+            user_message_limit,
+            message_id,
+            external_nullifier,
+            &signal2,
+        );
 
         // We generate the first proof
-        let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(serialized1);
+        let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(prove_input1);
         let mut output_buffer = Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
         rln.generate_rln_proof(&mut input_buffer, &mut output_buffer)
             .unwrap();
+
+        // output_data is [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> ]
         let proof_data_1 = output_buffer.into_inner();
 
         // We generate the second proof
-        let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(serialized2);
+        let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(prove_input2);
         let mut output_buffer = Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
         rln.generate_rln_proof(&mut input_buffer, &mut output_buffer)
             .unwrap();
+
+        // output_data is [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> ]
         let proof_data_2 = output_buffer.into_inner();
 
         let mut input_proof_data_1 = Cursor::new(proof_data_1.clone());
@@ -935,25 +945,24 @@ mod tree_test {
         let signal3: [u8; 32] = rng.gen();
 
         // We prepare proof input. Note that epoch is the same as before
-        let mut serialized3: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-        serialized3.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&identity_secret_hash_new));
-        serialized3.append(&mut normalize_usize(identity_index_new));
-        serialized3.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&user_message_limit));
-        serialized3.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&message_id));
-        serialized3.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&external_nullifier));
-        serialized3.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal3.len()));
-        serialized3.append(&mut signal3.to_vec());
+        let prove_input3 = prepare_prove_input(
+            identity_secret_hash,
+            identity_index_new,
+            user_message_limit,
+            message_id,
+            external_nullifier,
+            &signal3,
+        );
 
         // We generate the proof
-        let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(serialized3);
+        let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(prove_input3);
         let mut output_buffer = Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
         rln.generate_rln_proof(&mut input_buffer, &mut output_buffer)
             .unwrap();
         let proof_data_3 = output_buffer.into_inner();
 
         // We attempt to recover the secret using share1 (coming from identity_secret_hash) and share3 (coming from identity_secret_hash_new)
-
-        let mut input_proof_data_1 = Cursor::new(proof_data_1.clone());
+        let mut input_proof_data_1 = Cursor::new(proof_data_1);
         let mut input_proof_data_3 = Cursor::new(proof_data_3);
         let mut output_buffer = Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
         rln.recover_id_secret(
@@ -1022,7 +1031,7 @@ mod stateless_test {
         let external_nullifier = utils_poseidon_hash(&[epoch, rln_identifier]);
 
         // We prepare input for generate_rln_proof API
-        // input_data is [ identity_secret<32> | id_index<8> | external_nullifier<32> | user_message_limit<32> | message_id<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
+        // input_data is [ identity_secret<32> | id_index<8> | user_message_limit<32> | message_id<32> | external_nullifier<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
 
         let x = hash_to_field(&signal);
         let merkle_proof = tree.proof(identity_index).expect("proof should exist");
@@ -1043,15 +1052,15 @@ mod stateless_test {
         rln.generate_rln_proof_with_witness(&mut input_buffer, &mut output_buffer)
             .unwrap();
 
-        // output_data is  [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> ]
-        let mut proof_data = output_buffer.into_inner();
+        // output_data is [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> ]
+        let proof_data = output_buffer.into_inner();
 
         // We prepare input for verify_rln_proof API
         // input_data is [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
         // that is [ proof_data || signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
-        proof_data.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal.len()));
-        proof_data.append(&mut signal.to_vec());
-        let input_buffer = Cursor::new(proof_data);
+        let verify_input = prepare_verify_input(proof_data, &signal);
+
+        let mut input_buffer = Cursor::new(verify_input);
 
         // If no roots is provided, proof validation is skipped and if the remaining proof values are valid, the proof will be correctly verified
         let mut roots_serialized: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
@@ -1078,9 +1087,9 @@ mod stateless_test {
 
         // We add the real root and we check if now the proof is verified
         roots_serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&root));
-        roots_buffer = Cursor::new(roots_serialized.clone());
+        roots_buffer = Cursor::new(roots_serialized);
         let verified = rln
-            .verify_with_roots(&mut input_buffer.clone(), &mut roots_buffer)
+            .verify_with_roots(&mut input_buffer, &mut roots_buffer)
             .unwrap();
 
         assert!(verified);
@@ -1205,7 +1214,7 @@ mod stateless_test {
             .unwrap();
         let proof_data_3 = output_buffer.into_inner();
 
-        let mut input_proof_data_1 = Cursor::new(proof_data_1.clone());
+        let mut input_proof_data_1 = Cursor::new(proof_data_1);
         let mut input_proof_data_3 = Cursor::new(proof_data_3);
         let mut output_buffer = Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
         rln.recover_id_secret(

rln/src/utils.rs

@@ -1,24 +1,26 @@
 // This crate provides cross-module useful utilities (mainly type conversions) not necessarily specific to RLN
 
-use crate::circuit::Fr;
 use ark_ff::PrimeField;
 use color_eyre::{Report, Result};
 use num_bigint::{BigInt, BigUint};
 use num_traits::Num;
 use serde_json::json;
 use std::io::Cursor;
-use std::iter::Extend;
 
+use crate::circuit::Fr;
+
+#[inline(always)]
 pub fn to_bigint(el: &Fr) -> Result<BigInt> {
-    let res: BigUint = (*el).into();
-    Ok(res.into())
+    Ok(BigUint::from(*el).into())
 }
 
+#[inline(always)]
 pub fn fr_byte_size() -> usize {
     let mbs = <Fr as PrimeField>::MODULUS_BIT_SIZE;
     ((mbs + 64 - (mbs % 64)) / 8) as usize
 }
 
+#[inline(always)]
 pub fn str_to_fr(input: &str, radix: u32) -> Result<Fr> {
     if !(radix == 10 || radix == 16) {
         return Err(Report::msg("wrong radix"));
@@ -37,6 +39,7 @@ pub fn str_to_fr(input: &str, radix: u32) -> Result<Fr> {
     }
 }
 
+#[inline(always)]
 pub fn bytes_le_to_fr(input: &[u8]) -> (Fr, usize) {
     let el_size = fr_byte_size();
     (
@@ -45,77 +48,50 @@ pub fn bytes_le_to_fr(input: &[u8]) -> (Fr, usize) {
     )
 }
 
-pub fn bytes_be_to_fr(input: &[u8]) -> (Fr, usize) {
-    let el_size = fr_byte_size();
-    (
-        Fr::from(BigUint::from_bytes_be(&input[0..el_size])),
-        el_size,
-    )
-}
-
+#[inline(always)]
 pub fn fr_to_bytes_le(input: &Fr) -> Vec<u8> {
     let input_biguint: BigUint = (*input).into();
     let mut res = input_biguint.to_bytes_le();
     //BigUint conversion ignores most significant zero bytes. We restore them otherwise serialization will fail (length % 8 != 0)
-    while res.len() != fr_byte_size() {
-        res.push(0);
-    }
-    res
-}
-
-pub fn fr_to_bytes_be(input: &Fr) -> Vec<u8> {
-    let input_biguint: BigUint = (*input).into();
-    let mut res = input_biguint.to_bytes_be();
-    // BigUint conversion ignores most significant zero bytes. We restore them otherwise serialization might fail
-    // Fr elements are stored using 64 bits nimbs
-    while res.len() != fr_byte_size() {
-        res.insert(0, 0);
-    }
+    res.resize(fr_byte_size(), 0);
     res
 }
 
+#[inline(always)]
 pub fn vec_fr_to_bytes_le(input: &[Fr]) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
-    let mut bytes: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-    //We store the vector length
-    bytes.extend(u64::try_from(input.len())?.to_le_bytes().to_vec());
+    // Calculate capacity for Vec:
+    // - 8 bytes for normalized vector length (usize)
+    // - each Fr element requires fr_byte_size() bytes (typically 32 bytes)
+    let mut bytes = Vec::with_capacity(8 + input.len() * fr_byte_size());
+
+    // We store the vector length
+    bytes.extend_from_slice(&normalize_usize(input.len()));
 
     // We store each element
-    input.iter().for_each(|el| bytes.extend(fr_to_bytes_le(el)));
-
-    Ok(bytes)
-}
-
-pub fn vec_fr_to_bytes_be(input: &[Fr]) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
-    let mut bytes: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-    //We store the vector length
-    bytes.extend(u64::try_from(input.len())?.to_be_bytes().to_vec());
-
-    // We store each element
-    input.iter().for_each(|el| bytes.extend(fr_to_bytes_be(el)));
+    for el in input {
+        bytes.extend_from_slice(&fr_to_bytes_le(el));
+    }
 
     Ok(bytes)
 }
 
+#[inline(always)]
 pub fn vec_u8_to_bytes_le(input: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
-    let mut bytes: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-    //We store the vector length
-    bytes.extend(u64::try_from(input.len())?.to_le_bytes().to_vec());
+    // Calculate capacity for Vec:
+    // - 8 bytes for normalized vector length (usize)
+    // - variable length input data
+    let mut bytes = Vec::with_capacity(8 + input.len());
 
-    bytes.extend(input);
-
-    Ok(bytes)
-}
-
-pub fn vec_u8_to_bytes_be(input: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
-    let mut bytes: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-    //We store the vector length
-    bytes.extend(u64::try_from(input.len())?.to_be_bytes().to_vec());
-
-    bytes.extend(input);
+    // We store the vector length
+    bytes.extend_from_slice(&normalize_usize(input.len()));
+
+    // We store the input
+    bytes.extend_from_slice(input);
 
     Ok(bytes)
 }
 
+#[inline(always)]
 pub fn bytes_le_to_vec_u8(input: &[u8]) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, usize)> {
     let mut read: usize = 0;
 
@@ -128,19 +104,7 @@ pub fn bytes_le_to_vec_u8(input: &[u8]) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, usize)> {
     Ok((res, read))
 }
 
-pub fn bytes_be_to_vec_u8(input: &[u8]) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, usize)> {
-    let mut read: usize = 0;
-
-    let len = usize::try_from(u64::from_be_bytes(input[0..8].try_into()?))?;
-    read += 8;
-
-    let res = input[8..8 + len].to_vec();
-
-    read += res.len();
-
-    Ok((res, read))
-}
-
+#[inline(always)]
 pub fn bytes_le_to_vec_fr(input: &[u8]) -> Result<(Vec<Fr>, usize)> {
     let mut read: usize = 0;
     let mut res: Vec<Fr> = Vec::new();
@@ -158,29 +122,7 @@ pub fn bytes_le_to_vec_fr(input: &[u8]) -> Result<(Vec<Fr>, usize)> {
     Ok((res, read))
 }
 
-pub fn bytes_be_to_vec_fr(input: &[u8]) -> Result<(Vec<Fr>, usize)> {
-    let mut read: usize = 0;
-    let mut res: Vec<Fr> = Vec::new();
-
-    let len = usize::try_from(u64::from_be_bytes(input[0..8].try_into()?))?;
-    read += 8;
-
-    let el_size = fr_byte_size();
-    for i in 0..len {
-        let (curr_el, _) = bytes_be_to_fr(&input[8 + el_size * i..8 + el_size * (i + 1)]);
-        res.push(curr_el);
-        read += el_size;
-    }
-
-    Ok((res, read))
-}
-
-pub fn normalize_usize(input: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
-    let mut normalized_usize = input.to_le_bytes().to_vec();
-    normalized_usize.resize(8, 0);
-    normalized_usize
-}
-
+#[inline(always)]
 pub fn bytes_le_to_vec_usize(input: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<usize>> {
     let nof_elem = usize::try_from(u64::from_le_bytes(input[0..8].try_into()?))?;
     if nof_elem == 0 {
@@ -194,141 +136,12 @@ pub fn bytes_le_to_vec_usize(input: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<usize>> {
     }
 }
 
-// using for test
+#[inline(always)]
+pub fn normalize_usize(input: usize) -> [u8; 8] {
+    input.to_le_bytes()
+}
+
+#[inline(always)] // using for test
 pub fn generate_input_buffer() -> Cursor<String> {
     Cursor::new(json!({}).to_string())
 }
-
-/* Old conversion utilities between different libraries data types
-
-// Conversion Utilities between poseidon-rs Field and arkworks Fr (in order to call directly poseidon-rs' poseidon_hash)
-
-use ff::{PrimeField as _, PrimeFieldRepr as _};
-use poseidon_rs::Fr as PosFr;
-
-pub fn fr_to_posfr(value: Fr) -> PosFr {
-    let mut bytes = [0_u8; 32];
-    let byte_vec = value.into_repr().to_bytes_be();
-    bytes.copy_from_slice(&byte_vec[..]);
-    let mut repr = <PosFr as ff::PrimeField>::Repr::default();
-    repr.read_be(&bytes[..])
-        .expect("read from correctly sized slice always succeeds");
-    PosFr::from_repr(repr).expect("value is always in range")
-}
-
-pub fn posfr_to_fr(value: PosFr) -> Fr {
-    let mut bytes = [0u8; 32];
-    value
-        .into_repr()
-        .write_be(&mut bytes[..])
-        .expect("write to correctly sized slice always succeeds");
-    Fr::from_be_bytes_mod_order(&bytes)
-}
-
-
-// Conversion Utilities between semaphore-rs Field and arkworks Fr
-
-use semaphore::Field;
-
-pub fn to_fr(el: &Field) -> Fr {
-    Fr::try_from(*el).unwrap()
-}
-
-pub fn to_field(el: &Fr) -> Field {
-    (*el).try_into().unwrap()
-}
-
-pub fn vec_to_fr(v: &[Field]) -> Vec<Fr> {
-    v.iter().map(|el| to_fr(el)).collect()
-}
-
-pub fn vec_to_field(v: &[Fr]) -> Vec<Field> {
-    v.iter().map(|el| to_field(el)).collect()
-}
-
-pub fn vec_fr_to_field(input: &[Fr]) -> Vec<Field> {
-    input.iter().map(|el| to_field(el)).collect()
-}
-
-pub fn vec_field_to_fr(input: &[Field]) -> Vec<Fr> {
-    input.iter().map(|el| to_fr(el)).collect()
-}
-
-pub fn str_to_field(input: String, radix: i32) -> Field {
-    assert!((radix == 10) || (radix == 16));
-
-    // We remove any quote present and we trim
-    let single_quote: char = '\"';
-    let input_clean = input.replace(single_quote, "");
-    let input_clean = input_clean.trim();
-
-    if radix == 10 {
-        Field::from_str(&format!(
-            "{:01$x}",
-            BigUint::from_str(input_clean).unwrap(),
-            64
-        ))
-        .unwrap()
-    } else {
-        let input_clean = input_clean.replace("0x", "");
-        Field::from_str(&format!("{:0>64}", &input_clean)).unwrap()
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn bytes_le_to_field(input: &[u8]) -> (Field, usize) {
-    let (fr_el, read) = bytes_le_to_fr(input);
-    (to_field(&fr_el), read)
-}
-
-pub fn bytes_be_to_field(input: &[u8]) -> (Field, usize) {
-    let (fr_el, read) = bytes_be_to_fr(input);
-    (to_field(&fr_el), read)
-}
-
-
-pub fn field_to_bytes_le(input: &Field) -> Vec<u8> {
-    fr_to_bytes_le(&to_fr(input))
-}
-
-pub fn field_to_bytes_be(input: &Field) -> Vec<u8> {
-    fr_to_bytes_be(&to_fr(input))
-}
-
-
-pub fn vec_field_to_bytes_le(input: &[Field]) -> Vec<u8> {
-    vec_fr_to_bytes_le(&vec_field_to_fr(input))
-}
-
-pub fn vec_field_to_bytes_be(input: &[Field]) -> Vec<u8> {
-    vec_fr_to_bytes_be(&vec_field_to_fr(input))
-}
-
-
-pub fn bytes_le_to_vec_field(input: &[u8]) -> (Vec<Field>, usize) {
-    let (vec_fr, read) = bytes_le_to_vec_fr(input);
-    (vec_fr_to_field(&vec_fr), read)
-}
-
-pub fn bytes_be_to_vec_field(input: &[u8]) -> (Vec<Field>, usize) {
-    let (vec_fr, read) = bytes_be_to_vec_fr(input);
-    (vec_fr_to_field(&vec_fr), read)
-}
-
-// Arithmetic over Field elements (wrapped over arkworks algebra crate)
-
-pub fn add(a: &Field, b: &Field) -> Field {
-    to_field(&(to_fr(a) + to_fr(b)))
-}
-
-pub fn mul(a: &Field, b: &Field) -> Field {
-    to_field(&(to_fr(a) * to_fr(b)))
-}
-
-pub fn div(a: &Field, b: &Field) -> Field {
-    to_field(&(to_fr(a) / to_fr(b)))
-}
-
-pub fn inv(a: &Field) -> Field {
-    to_field(&(Fr::from(1) / to_fr(a)))
-}
-*/

rln/tests/ffi.rs

@@ -419,14 +419,17 @@ mod test {
             .read_exact(&mut zkey_buffer)
             .expect("buffer overflow");
 
-        let vk_path = "./resources/tree_height_20/verification_key.arkvkey";
-        let mut vk_file = File::open(&vk_path).expect("no file found");
-        let metadata = std::fs::metadata(&vk_path).expect("unable to read metadata");
-        let mut vk_buffer = vec![0; metadata.len() as usize];
-        vk_file.read_exact(&mut vk_buffer).expect("buffer overflow");
-
         let zkey_data = &Buffer::from(&zkey_buffer[..]);
-        let vk_data = &Buffer::from(&vk_buffer[..]);
+
+        let graph_data = "./resources/tree_height_20/graph.bin";
+        let mut graph_file = File::open(&graph_data).expect("no file found");
+        let metadata = std::fs::metadata(&graph_data).expect("unable to read metadata");
+        let mut graph_buffer = vec![0; metadata.len() as usize];
+        graph_file
+            .read_exact(&mut graph_buffer)
+            .expect("buffer overflow");
+
+        let graph_data = &Buffer::from(&graph_buffer[..]);
 
         // Creating a RLN instance passing the raw data
         let mut rln_pointer_raw_bytes = MaybeUninit::<*mut RLN>::uninit();
@@ -435,7 +438,7 @@ mod test {
         let success = new_with_params(
             TEST_TREE_HEIGHT,
             zkey_data,
-            vk_data,
+            graph_data,
             tree_config_buffer,
             rln_pointer_raw_bytes.as_mut_ptr(),
         );
@@ -475,10 +478,13 @@ mod test {
 
         // We generate a random epoch
         let epoch = hash_to_field(b"test-epoch");
+        // We generate a random rln_identifier
         let rln_identifier = hash_to_field(b"test-rln-identifier");
+        // We generate a external nullifier
         let external_nullifier = utils_poseidon_hash(&[epoch, rln_identifier]);
+        // We choose a message_id satisfy 0 <= message_id < MESSAGE_LIMIT
+        let message_id = Fr::from(1);
 
-        let message_id = Fr::from(0);
         let rate_commitment = utils_poseidon_hash(&[id_commitment, user_message_limit]);
 
         // We set as leaf rate_commitment, its index would be equal to no_of_leaves
@@ -489,27 +495,25 @@ mod test {
 
         // We prepare input for generate_rln_proof API
         // input_data is [ identity_secret<32> | id_index<8> | user_message_limit<32> | message_id<32> | external_nullifier<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
-        let mut serialized: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&identity_secret_hash));
-        serialized.append(&mut normalize_usize(identity_index));
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&user_message_limit));
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&message_id));
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&external_nullifier));
-        serialized.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal.len()));
-        serialized.append(&mut signal.to_vec());
-
+        let prove_input = prepare_prove_input(
+            identity_secret_hash,
+            identity_index,
+            user_message_limit,
+            message_id,
+            external_nullifier,
+            &signal,
+        );
         // We call generate_rln_proof
         // result_data is [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> ]
-        let mut proof_data = rln_proof_gen(rln_pointer, serialized.as_ref());
+        let proof_data = rln_proof_gen(rln_pointer, prove_input.as_ref());
 
         // We prepare input for verify_rln_proof API
         // input_data is [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
-        // that is [ proof_data | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
-        proof_data.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal.len()));
-        proof_data.append(&mut signal.to_vec());
+        // that is [ proof_data || signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
+        let verify_input = prepare_verify_input(proof_data, &signal);
 
         // We call verify_rln_proof
-        let input_buffer = &Buffer::from(proof_data.as_ref());
+        let input_buffer = &Buffer::from(verify_input.as_ref());
         let mut proof_is_valid: bool = false;
         let proof_is_valid_ptr = &mut proof_is_valid as *mut bool;
         let success = verify_rln_proof(rln_pointer, input_buffer, proof_is_valid_ptr);
@@ -542,11 +546,12 @@ mod test {
 
         // We generate a random epoch
         let epoch = hash_to_field(b"test-epoch");
+        // We generate a random rln_identifier
         let rln_identifier = hash_to_field(b"test-rln-identifier");
+        // We generate a external nullifier
         let external_nullifier = utils_poseidon_hash(&[epoch, rln_identifier]);
-
-        let user_message_limit = Fr::from(100);
-        let message_id = Fr::from(0);
+        // We choose a message_id satisfy 0 <= message_id < MESSAGE_LIMIT
+        let message_id = Fr::from(1);
 
         // We set as leaf rate_commitment, its index would be equal to no_of_leaves
         let leaf_ser = fr_to_bytes_le(&rate_commitment);
@@ -556,24 +561,23 @@ mod test {
 
         // We prepare input for generate_rln_proof API
         // input_data is [ identity_secret<32> | id_index<8> | user_message_limit<32> | message_id<32> | external_nullifier<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
-        let mut serialized: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&identity_secret_hash));
-        serialized.append(&mut normalize_usize(identity_index));
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&user_message_limit));
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&message_id));
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&external_nullifier));
-        serialized.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal.len()));
-        serialized.append(&mut signal.to_vec());
+        let prove_input = prepare_prove_input(
+            identity_secret_hash,
+            identity_index,
+            user_message_limit,
+            message_id,
+            external_nullifier,
+            &signal,
+        );
 
         // We call generate_rln_proof
         // result_data is [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> ]
-        let mut proof_data = rln_proof_gen(rln_pointer, serialized.as_ref());
+        let proof_data = rln_proof_gen(rln_pointer, prove_input.as_ref());
 
         // We prepare input for verify_rln_proof API
         // input_data is [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
-        // that is [ proof_data | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
-        proof_data.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal.len()));
-        proof_data.append(&mut signal.to_vec());
+        // that is [ proof_data || signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
+        let verify_input = prepare_verify_input(proof_data.clone(), &signal);
 
         // We test verify_with_roots
 
@@ -581,7 +585,7 @@ mod test {
         // In this case, since no root is provided, proof's root check is skipped and proof is verified if other proof values are valid
         let mut roots_data: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
 
-        let input_buffer = &Buffer::from(proof_data.as_ref());
+        let input_buffer = &Buffer::from(verify_input.as_ref());
         let roots_buffer = &Buffer::from(roots_data.as_ref());
         let mut proof_is_valid: bool = false;
         let proof_is_valid_ptr = &mut proof_is_valid as *mut bool;
@@ -595,7 +599,7 @@ mod test {
         for _ in 0..5 {
             roots_data.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&Fr::rand(&mut rng)));
         }
-        let input_buffer = &Buffer::from(proof_data.as_ref());
+        let input_buffer = &Buffer::from(verify_input.as_ref());
         let roots_buffer = &Buffer::from(roots_data.as_ref());
         let mut proof_is_valid: bool = false;
         let proof_is_valid_ptr = &mut proof_is_valid as *mut bool;
@@ -611,7 +615,7 @@ mod test {
 
         // We include the root and verify the proof
         roots_data.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&root));
-        let input_buffer = &Buffer::from(proof_data.as_ref());
+        let input_buffer = &Buffer::from(verify_input.as_ref());
         let roots_buffer = &Buffer::from(roots_data.as_ref());
         let mut proof_is_valid: bool = false;
         let proof_is_valid_ptr = &mut proof_is_valid as *mut bool;
@@ -632,7 +636,6 @@ mod test {
         let (identity_secret_hash, id_commitment) = identity_pair_gen(rln_pointer);
 
         let user_message_limit = Fr::from(100);
-        let message_id = Fr::from(0);
         let rate_commitment = utils_poseidon_hash(&[id_commitment, user_message_limit]);
 
         // We set as leaf rate_commitment, its index would be equal to 0 since tree is empty
@@ -654,36 +657,40 @@ mod test {
 
         // We generate a random epoch
         let epoch = hash_to_field(b"test-epoch");
+        // We generate a random rln_identifier
         let rln_identifier = hash_to_field(b"test-rln-identifier");
+        // We generate a external nullifier
         let external_nullifier = utils_poseidon_hash(&[epoch, rln_identifier]);
+        // We choose a message_id satisfy 0 <= message_id < MESSAGE_LIMIT
+        let message_id = Fr::from(1);
 
         // We prepare input for generate_rln_proof API
-        // input_data is [ identity_secret<32> | id_index<8> | epoch<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
-        let mut serialized1: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-        serialized1.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&identity_secret_hash));
-        serialized1.append(&mut normalize_usize(identity_index));
-        serialized1.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&user_message_limit));
-        serialized1.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&message_id));
-        serialized1.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&external_nullifier));
+        // input_data is [ identity_secret<32> | id_index<8> | user_message_limit<32> | message_id<32> | external_nullifier<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
+        let prove_input1 = prepare_prove_input(
+            identity_secret_hash,
+            identity_index,
+            user_message_limit,
+            message_id,
+            external_nullifier,
+            &signal1,
+        );
 
-        // The first part is the same for both proof input, so we clone
-        let mut serialized2 = serialized1.clone();
-
-        // We attach the first signal to the first proof input
-        serialized1.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal1.len()));
-        serialized1.append(&mut signal1.to_vec());
-
-        // We attach the second signal to the first proof input
-        serialized2.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal2.len()));
-        serialized2.append(&mut signal2.to_vec());
+        let prove_input2 = prepare_prove_input(
+            identity_secret_hash,
+            identity_index,
+            user_message_limit,
+            message_id,
+            external_nullifier,
+            &signal2,
+        );
 
         // We call generate_rln_proof for first proof values
         // result_data is [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> ]
-        let proof_data_1 = rln_proof_gen(rln_pointer, serialized1.as_ref());
+        let proof_data_1 = rln_proof_gen(rln_pointer, prove_input1.as_ref());
 
         // We call generate_rln_proof
         // result_data is [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> ]
-        let proof_data_2 = rln_proof_gen(rln_pointer, serialized2.as_ref());
+        let proof_data_2 = rln_proof_gen(rln_pointer, prove_input2.as_ref());
 
         let input_proof_buffer_1 = &Buffer::from(proof_data_1.as_ref());
         let input_proof_buffer_2 = &Buffer::from(proof_data_2.as_ref());
@@ -726,18 +733,18 @@ mod test {
         // We prepare input for generate_rln_proof API
         // input_data is [ identity_secret<32> | id_index<8> | epoch<32> | signal_len<8> | signal<var> ]
         // Note that epoch is the same as before
-        let mut serialized: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&identity_secret_hash_new));
-        serialized.append(&mut normalize_usize(identity_index_new));
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&user_message_limit));
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&message_id));
-        serialized.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&external_nullifier));
-        serialized.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal3.len()));
-        serialized.append(&mut signal3.to_vec());
+        let prove_input3 = prepare_prove_input(
+            identity_secret_hash,
+            identity_index_new,
+            user_message_limit,
+            message_id,
+            external_nullifier,
+            &signal3,
+        );
 
         // We call generate_rln_proof
         // result_data is [ proof<128> | root<32> | external_nullifier<32> | x<32> | y<32> | nullifier<32> ]
-        let proof_data_3 = rln_proof_gen(rln_pointer, serialized.as_ref());
+        let proof_data_3 = rln_proof_gen(rln_pointer, prove_input3.as_ref());
 
         // We attempt to recover the secret using share1 (coming from identity_secret_hash) and share3 (coming from identity_secret_hash_new)
 
@@ -1200,15 +1207,14 @@ mod stateless_test {
         .unwrap();
 
         let serialized = serialize_witness(&rln_witness).unwrap();
-        let mut proof_data = rln_proof_gen_with_witness(rln_pointer, serialized.as_ref());
+        let proof_data = rln_proof_gen_with_witness(rln_pointer, serialized.as_ref());
 
-        proof_data.append(&mut normalize_usize(signal.len()));
-        proof_data.append(&mut signal.to_vec());
+        let verify_input = prepare_verify_input(proof_data.clone(), &signal);
 
         // If no roots is provided, proof validation is skipped and if the remaining proof values are valid, the proof will be correctly verified
         let mut roots_data: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
 
-        let input_buffer = &Buffer::from(proof_data.as_ref());
+        let input_buffer = &Buffer::from(verify_input.as_ref());
         let roots_buffer = &Buffer::from(roots_data.as_ref());
         let mut proof_is_valid: bool = false;
         let proof_is_valid_ptr = &mut proof_is_valid as *mut bool;
@@ -1222,7 +1228,7 @@ mod stateless_test {
         for _ in 0..5 {
             roots_data.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&Fr::rand(&mut rng)));
         }
-        let input_buffer = &Buffer::from(proof_data.as_ref());
+        let input_buffer = &Buffer::from(verify_input.as_ref());
         let roots_buffer = &Buffer::from(roots_data.as_ref());
         let mut proof_is_valid: bool = false;
         let proof_is_valid_ptr = &mut proof_is_valid as *mut bool;
@@ -1237,7 +1243,7 @@ mod stateless_test {
 
         // We add the real root and we check if now the proof is verified
         roots_data.append(&mut fr_to_bytes_le(&root));
-        let input_buffer = &Buffer::from(proof_data.as_ref());
+        let input_buffer = &Buffer::from(verify_input.as_ref());
         let roots_buffer = &Buffer::from(roots_data.as_ref());
         let mut proof_is_valid: bool = false;
         let proof_is_valid_ptr = &mut proof_is_valid as *mut bool;

rln/tests/protocol.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
     use ark_ff::BigInt;
-    use rln::circuit::zkey_from_folder;
-    use rln::circuit::{vk_from_folder, Fr, TEST_TREE_HEIGHT};
+    use rln::circuit::{graph_from_folder, zkey_from_folder};
+    use rln::circuit::{Fr, TEST_TREE_HEIGHT};
     use rln::hashers::{hash_to_field, poseidon_hash};
     use rln::poseidon_tree::PoseidonTree;
     use rln::protocol::*;
@@ -128,8 +128,8 @@ mod test {
     fn test_witness_from_json() {
         // We generate all relevant keys
         let proving_key = zkey_from_folder();
-        let verification_key = vk_from_folder();
-
+        let verification_key = &proving_key.0.vk;
+        let graph_data = graph_from_folder();
         // We compute witness from the json input
         let rln_witness = get_test_witness();
         let rln_witness_json = rln_witness_to_json(&rln_witness).unwrap();
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ mod test {
         assert_eq!(rln_witness_deser, rln_witness);
 
         // Let's generate a zkSNARK proof
-        let proof = generate_proof(&proving_key, &rln_witness_deser).unwrap();
+        let proof = generate_proof(&proving_key, &rln_witness_deser, &graph_data).unwrap();
         let proof_values = proof_values_from_witness(&rln_witness_deser).unwrap();
 
         // Let's verify the proof
@@ -156,10 +156,11 @@ mod test {
 
         // We generate all relevant keys
         let proving_key = zkey_from_folder();
-        let verification_key = vk_from_folder();
+        let verification_key = &proving_key.0.vk;
+        let graph_data = graph_from_folder();
 
         // Let's generate a zkSNARK proof
-        let proof = generate_proof(&proving_key, &rln_witness_deser).unwrap();
+        let proof = generate_proof(&proving_key, &rln_witness_deser, &graph_data).unwrap();
 
         let proof_values = proof_values_from_witness(&rln_witness_deser).unwrap();
 

rln/tests/public.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
-    use ark_ff::BigInt;
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "stateless"))]
+    use {
+        ark_ff::BigInt,
+        rln::{circuit::TEST_TREE_HEIGHT, protocol::compute_tree_root},
+    };
+
     use ark_std::{rand::thread_rng, UniformRand};
     use rand::Rng;
-    use rln::circuit::{Fr, TEST_TREE_HEIGHT};
+    use rln::circuit::Fr;
     use rln::hashers::{hash_to_field, poseidon_hash as utils_poseidon_hash, ROUND_PARAMS};
-    use rln::protocol::{compute_tree_root, deserialize_identity_tuple};
+    use rln::protocol::deserialize_identity_tuple;
     use rln::public::{hash as public_hash, poseidon_hash as public_poseidon_hash, RLN};
     use rln::utils::*;
     use std::io::Cursor;

utils/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "zerokit_utils"
-version = "0.5.1"
+version = "0.5.2"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
 description = "Various utilities for Zerokit"
@@ -12,23 +12,23 @@ repository = "https://github.com/vacp2p/zerokit"
 bench = false
 
 [dependencies]
-ark-ff = { version = "=0.4.1", default-features = false, features = ["asm"] }
-num-bigint = { version = "=0.4.3", default-features = false, features = [
+ark-ff = { version = "0.5.0", features = ["asm"] }
+num-bigint = { version = "0.4.6", default-features = false, features = [
     "rand",
 ] }
-color-eyre = "=0.6.2"
+color-eyre = "0.6.2"
 pmtree = { package = "vacp2p_pmtree", version = "=2.0.2", optional = true }
-sled = "=0.34.7"
-serde = "=1.0.163"
+sled = "0.34.7"
+serde = "1.0"
 lazy_static = "1.4.0"
 hex = "0.4"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-ark-bn254 = "=0.4.0"
-num-traits = "=0.2.15"
-hex-literal = "=0.3.4"
-tiny-keccak = { version = "=2.0.2", features = ["keccak"] }
-criterion = { version = "=0.4.0", features = ["html_reports"] }
+ark-bn254 = { version = "0.5.0", features = ["std"] }
+num-traits = "0.2.19"
+hex-literal = "0.3.4"
+tiny-keccak = { version = "2.0.2", features = ["keccak"] }
+criterion = { version = "0.4.0", features = ["html_reports"] }
 
 [features]
 default = ["parallel"]

utils/README.md

@@ -1,15 +1,77 @@
-# Utils crate
+# Zerokit Utils Crate
 
-## Building
+[![Crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/zerokit_utils.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/zerokit_utils)
 
-1. `cargo build`
+Cryptographic primitives for zero-knowledge applications, featuring efficient Merkle tree implementations and a Poseidon hash function.
 
-## Testing
+## Overview
 
-1. `cargo test`
+This crate provides core cryptographic components optimized for zero-knowledge proof systems:
 
-## Benchmarking
+1. Multiple Merkle tree implementations with different space/time tradeoffs
+2. A Poseidon hash implementation
 
-1. `cargo bench`
+## Merkle Tree Implementations
 
-To view the results of the benchmark, open the `target/criterion/report/index.html` file generated after the bench
+The crate supports two interchangeable Merkle tree implementations:
+
+- **FullMerkleTree**
+  - Stores each tree node in memory
+- **OptimalMerkleTree**
+  - Only stores nodes used to prove accumulation of set leaves
+
+## Poseidon Hash Implementation
+
+This crate provides an implementation to compute the Poseidon hash round constants and MDS matrices:
+
+- **Customizable parameters**: Supports different security levels and input sizes
+- **Arkworks-friendly**: Adapted to work over arkworks field traits and custom data structures
+
+### Security Note
+
+The MDS matrices are generated iteratively using the Grain LFSR until certain criteria are met.
+According to the paper, such matrices must respect specific conditions which are checked by 3 different algorithms in the reference implementation.
+
+These validation algorithms are not currently implemented in this crate.
+For the hardcoded parameters, the first random matrix generated satisfies these conditions.
+If using different parameters, you should check against the reference implementation how many matrices are generated before outputting the correct one,
+and pass this number to the `skip_matrices` parameter of the `find_poseidon_ark_and_mds` function.
+
+## Installation
+
+Add Zerokit Utils to your Rust project:
+
+```toml
+[dependencies]
+zerokit-utils = "0.5.1"
+```
+
+## Performance Considerations
+
+- **FullMerkleTree**: Use when memory is abundant and operation speed is critical
+- **OptimalMerkleTree**: Use when memory efficiency is more important than raw speed
+- **Poseidon**: Offers a good balance between security and performance for ZK applications
+
+## Building and Testing
+
+```bash
+# Build the crate
+cargo build
+
+# Run tests
+cargo test
+
+# Run benchmarks
+cargo bench
+```
+
+To view the results of the benchmark, open the `target/criterion/report/index.html` file generated after the bench
+
+## Acknowledgements
+
+- The Merkle tree implementations are adapted from:
+  - [kilic/rln](https://github.com/kilic/rln/blob/master/src/merkle.rs)
+  - [worldcoin/semaphore-rs](https://github.com/worldcoin/semaphore-rs/blob/d462a4372f1fd9c27610f2acfe4841fab1d396aa/src/merkle_tree.rs)
+
+- The Poseidon implementation references:
+  - [Poseidon reference implementation](https://extgit.iaik.tugraz.at/krypto/hadeshash/-/blob/master/code/generate_parameters_grain.sage)