Bump v18.3.9

* chore: cherry-pick bd9724c9fe63 from chromium

* chore: update patches

Co-authored-by: PatchUp <73610968+patchup[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Electron Bot <electron@github.com>

.circleci/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+config-staging

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ setup: true
 # Orbs
 orbs:
   path-filtering: circleci/path-filtering@0.1.0
+  continuation: circleci/continuation@0.2.0
 
 # All input parameters to pass to build config
 parameters:
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ parameters:
     type: boolean
     default: false
   
-  upload-to-s3:
+  upload-to-storage:
     type: string
     default: '1'
 
@@ -43,103 +44,33 @@ parameters:
     default: all
     enum: ["all", "osx-x64", "osx-arm64", "mas-x64", "mas-arm64"]
 
-# Envs
-env-global: &env-global
-  ELECTRON_OUT_DIR: Default
-
-env-linux-medium: &env-linux-medium
-  <<: *env-global
-  NUMBER_OF_NINJA_PROCESSES: 3
-
-# Executors
-executors:
-  linux-docker:
-    parameters:
-      size:
-        description: "Docker executor size"
-        default: 2xlarge+
-        type: enum
-        enum: ["medium", "xlarge", "2xlarge+"]
-    docker:
-      - image: ghcr.io/electron/build:27db4a3e3512bfd2e47f58cea69922da0835f1d9
-    resource_class: << parameters.size >>
-
-# List of always run steps
-step-checkout-electron: &step-checkout-electron
-  checkout:
-    path: src/electron
-
-steps-lint: &steps-lint
-  steps:
-    - *step-checkout-electron
-    - run:
-        name: Setup third_party Depot Tools
-        command: |
-          # "depot_tools" has to be checkout into "//third_party/depot_tools" so pylint.py can a "pylintrc" file.
-          git clone https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/tools/depot_tools.git src/third_party/depot_tools
-          echo 'export PATH="$PATH:'"$PWD"'/src/third_party/depot_tools"' >> $BASH_ENV
-    - run:
-        name: Download GN Binary
-        command: |
-          chromium_revision="$(grep -A1 chromium_version src/electron/DEPS | tr -d '\n' | cut -d\' -f4)"
-          gn_version="$(curl -sL "https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/${chromium_revision}/DEPS?format=TEXT" | base64 -d | grep gn_version | head -n1 | cut -d\' -f4)"
-
-          cipd ensure -ensure-file - -root . \<<-CIPD
-          \$ServiceURL https://chrome-infra-packages.appspot.com/
-          @Subdir src/buildtools/linux64
-          gn/gn/linux-amd64 $gn_version
-          CIPD
-
-          echo 'export CHROMIUM_BUILDTOOLS_PATH="'"$PWD"'/src/buildtools"' >> $BASH_ENV
-    - run:
-        name: Download clang-format Binary
-        command: |
-          chromium_revision="$(grep -A1 chromium_version src/electron/DEPS | tr -d '\n' | cut -d\' -f4)"
-
-          sha1_path='buildtools/linux64/clang-format.sha1'
-          curl -sL "https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/${chromium_revision}/${sha1_path}?format=TEXT" | base64 -d > "src/${sha1_path}"
-
-          download_from_google_storage.py --no_resume --no_auth --bucket chromium-clang-format -s "src/${sha1_path}"
-    - run:
-        name: Run Lint
-        command: |
-          # gn.py tries to find a gclient root folder starting from the current dir.
-          # When it fails and returns "None" path, the whole script fails. Let's "fix" it.
-          touch .gclient
-          # Another option would be to checkout "buildtools" inside the Electron checkout,
-          # but then we would lint its contents (at least gn format), and it doesn't pass it.
-
-          cd src/electron
-          node script/yarn install --frozen-lockfile
-          node script/yarn lint
-    - run:
-        name: Run Script Typechecker
-        command: |
-          cd src/electron
-          node script/yarn tsc -p tsconfig.script.json
-
-# List of always run jobs.
 jobs:
-  lint:
-    executor:
-      name: linux-docker
-      size: medium
-    environment:
-      <<: *env-linux-medium
-    <<: *steps-lint
-
-# Initial setup workflow
-workflows:
-  lint:
-    jobs:
-      # Job inherited from path-filtering orb
-      - path-filtering/filter:
+  generate-config:
+    docker:
+      - image: cimg/node:16.14
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+      - path-filtering/set-parameters:
           base-revision: main
-          # Params for mapping; `path-to-test parameter-to-set value-for-parameter` for each row
           mapping: |
             ^((?!docs/).)*$ run-build-mac true
             ^((?!docs/).)*$ run-build-linux true
             docs/.* run-docs-only true
             ^((?!docs/).)*$ run-docs-only false
-          config-path: .circleci/build_config.yml
-      - lint
+      - run:
+          command: |
+            cd .circleci/config
+            yarn
+            export CIRCLECI_BINARY="$HOME/circleci"
+            curl -fLSs https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CircleCI-Public/circleci-cli/master/install.sh | DESTDIR=$CIRCLECI_BINARY bash
+            node build.js
+          name: Pack config.yml
+      - continuation/continue:
+          configuration_path: .circleci/config-staging/built.yml
+          parameters: /tmp/pipeline-parameters.json
+
+# Initial setup workflow
+workflows:
+  setup:
+    jobs:
+      - generate-config

.circleci/config/build.js

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+const cp = require('child_process');
+const fs = require('fs-extra');
+const path = require('path');
+const yaml = require('js-yaml');
+
+const STAGING_DIR = path.resolve(__dirname, '..', 'config-staging');
+
+function copyAndExpand(dir = './') {
+    const absDir = path.resolve(__dirname, dir);
+    const targetDir = path.resolve(STAGING_DIR, dir);
+
+    if (!fs.existsSync(targetDir)) {
+        fs.mkdirSync(targetDir);
+    }
+
+    for (const file of fs.readdirSync(absDir)) {
+        if (!file.endsWith('.yml')) {
+            if (fs.statSync(path.resolve(absDir, file)).isDirectory()) {
+                copyAndExpand(path.join(dir, file));
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        fs.writeFileSync(path.resolve(targetDir, file), yaml.dump(yaml.load(fs.readFileSync(path.resolve(absDir, file), 'utf8')), {
+            noRefs: true,
+        }));
+    }
+}
+
+if (fs.pathExists(STAGING_DIR)) fs.removeSync(STAGING_DIR);
+copyAndExpand();
+
+const output = cp.spawnSync(process.env.CIRCLECI_BINARY || 'circleci', ['config', 'pack', STAGING_DIR]);
+fs.writeFileSync(path.resolve(STAGING_DIR, 'built.yml'), output.stdout.toString());

.circleci/config/jobs/lint.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+executor:
+  name: linux-docker
+  size: medium
+steps:
+  - checkout:
+      path: src/electron
+  - run:
+      name: Setup third_party Depot Tools
+      command: |
+        # "depot_tools" has to be checkout into "//third_party/depot_tools" so pylint.py can a "pylintrc" file.
+        git clone https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/tools/depot_tools.git src/third_party/depot_tools
+        echo 'export PATH="$PATH:'"$PWD"'/src/third_party/depot_tools"' >> $BASH_ENV
+  - run:
+      name: Download GN Binary
+      command: |
+        chromium_revision="$(grep -A1 chromium_version src/electron/DEPS | tr -d '\n' | cut -d\' -f4)"
+        gn_version="$(curl -sL "https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/${chromium_revision}/DEPS?format=TEXT" | base64 -d | grep gn_version | head -n1 | cut -d\' -f4)"
+
+        cipd ensure -ensure-file - -root . \<<-CIPD
+        \$ServiceURL https://chrome-infra-packages.appspot.com/
+        @Subdir src/buildtools/linux64
+        gn/gn/linux-amd64 $gn_version
+        CIPD
+
+        echo 'export CHROMIUM_BUILDTOOLS_PATH="'"$PWD"'/src/buildtools"' >> $BASH_ENV
+  - run:
+      name: Download clang-format Binary
+      command: |
+        chromium_revision="$(grep -A1 chromium_version src/electron/DEPS | tr -d '\n' | cut -d\' -f4)"
+
+        sha1_path='buildtools/linux64/clang-format.sha1'
+        curl -sL "https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/${chromium_revision}/${sha1_path}?format=TEXT" | base64 -d > "src/${sha1_path}"
+
+        download_from_google_storage.py --no_resume --no_auth --bucket chromium-clang-format -s "src/${sha1_path}"
+  - run:
+      name: Run Lint
+      command: |
+        # gn.py tries to find a gclient root folder starting from the current dir.
+        # When it fails and returns "None" path, the whole script fails. Let's "fix" it.
+        touch .gclient
+        # Another option would be to checkout "buildtools" inside the Electron checkout,
+        # but then we would lint its contents (at least gn format), and it doesn't pass it.
+
+        cd src/electron
+        node script/yarn install --frozen-lockfile
+        node script/yarn lint
+  - run:
+      name: Run Script Typechecker
+      command: |
+        cd src/electron
+        node script/yarn tsc -p tsconfig.script.json

.circleci/config/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "name": "@electron/circleci-config",
+  "version": "0.0.0",
+  "private": true,
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "dependencies": {
+    "fs-extra": "^10.1.0",
+    "js-yaml": "^4.1.0"
+  }
+}

.circleci/config/yarn.lock

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# THIS IS AN AUTOGENERATED FILE. DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE DIRECTLY.
+# yarn lockfile v1
+
+
+argparse@^2.0.1:
+  version "2.0.1"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/argparse/-/argparse-2.0.1.tgz#246f50f3ca78a3240f6c997e8a9bd1eac49e4b38"
+  integrity sha512-8+9WqebbFzpX9OR+Wa6O29asIogeRMzcGtAINdpMHHyAg10f05aSFVBbcEqGf/PXw1EjAZ+q2/bEBg3DvurK3Q==
+
+fs-extra@^10.1.0:
+  version "10.1.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/fs-extra/-/fs-extra-10.1.0.tgz#02873cfbc4084dde127eaa5f9905eef2325d1abf"
+  integrity sha512-oRXApq54ETRj4eMiFzGnHWGy+zo5raudjuxN0b8H7s/RU2oW0Wvsx9O0ACRN/kRq9E8Vu/ReskGB5o3ji+FzHQ==
+  dependencies:
+    graceful-fs "^4.2.0"
+    jsonfile "^6.0.1"
+    universalify "^2.0.0"
+
+graceful-fs@^4.1.6, graceful-fs@^4.2.0:
+  version "4.2.10"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/graceful-fs/-/graceful-fs-4.2.10.tgz#147d3a006da4ca3ce14728c7aefc287c367d7a6c"
+  integrity sha512-9ByhssR2fPVsNZj478qUUbKfmL0+t5BDVyjShtyZZLiK7ZDAArFFfopyOTj0M05wE2tJPisA4iTnnXl2YoPvOA==
+
+js-yaml@^4.1.0:
+  version "4.1.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/js-yaml/-/js-yaml-4.1.0.tgz#c1fb65f8f5017901cdd2c951864ba18458a10602"
+  integrity sha512-wpxZs9NoxZaJESJGIZTyDEaYpl0FKSA+FB9aJiyemKhMwkxQg63h4T1KJgUGHpTqPDNRcmmYLugrRjJlBtWvRA==
+  dependencies:
+    argparse "^2.0.1"
+
+jsonfile@^6.0.1:
+  version "6.1.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/jsonfile/-/jsonfile-6.1.0.tgz#bc55b2634793c679ec6403094eb13698a6ec0aae"
+  integrity sha512-5dgndWOriYSm5cnYaJNhalLNDKOqFwyDB/rr1E9ZsGciGvKPs8R2xYGCacuf3z6K1YKDz182fd+fY3cn3pMqXQ==
+  dependencies:
+    universalify "^2.0.0"
+  optionalDependencies:
+    graceful-fs "^4.1.6"
+
+universalify@^2.0.0:
+  version "2.0.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/universalify/-/universalify-2.0.0.tgz#75a4984efedc4b08975c5aeb73f530d02df25717"
+  integrity sha512-hAZsKq7Yy11Zu1DE0OzWjw7nnLZmJZYTDZZyEFHZdUhV8FkH5MCfoU1XMaxXovpyW5nq5scPqq0ZDP9Zyl04oQ==

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # https://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore
 
 # Upgrades WG
-/patches/                               @electron/wg-upgrades
+/patches/                               @electron/wg-upgrades @electron/wg-security
 DEPS                                    @electron/wg-upgrades
 
 # Releases WG

.github/workflows/electron_woa_testing.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+name: Electron WOA Testing
+
+on:
+  push:    
+    branches: '**'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      appveyor_job_id:
+        description: 'Job Id of Appveyor WOA job to test'
+        type: text
+        required: true
+
+jobs:
+  electron-woa-init:
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.repository == 'electron/electron' }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+        - name: Dummy step for push event
+          run: |
+            echo "This job is a needed initialization step for Electron WOA testing.  Another test result will appear once the electron-woa-testing build is done."
+
+  electron-woa-testing:    
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.repository == 'electron/electron' }}    
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, woa]  
+    permissions:
+      checks: write
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+    - uses: LouisBrunner/checks-action@v1.1.1
+      with:
+        token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        name: electron-woa-testing
+        status: in_progress
+        details_url: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}    
+        output: |
+          {"summary":"Test In Progress","text_description":"See job details here: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}"}        
+    - name: Clean Workspace
+      run: |
+        Remove-Item * -Recurse -Force
+      shell: powershell
+    - name: Checkout
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      with:
+        path: src\electron
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - name: Yarn install
+      run: |
+        cd src\electron
+        node script/yarn.js install --frozen-lockfile
+    - name: Download and extract dist.zip for test
+      run: |
+        $localArtifactPath = "$pwd\dist.zip"
+        $serverArtifactPath = "https://ci.appveyor.com/api/buildjobs/${{ inputs.appveyor_job_id }}/artifacts/dist.zip"
+        Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri $serverArtifactPath -OutFile $localArtifactPath -Headers @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer ${{ secrets.APPVEYOR_TOKEN }}" }
+        & "${env:ProgramFiles(x86)}\7-Zip\7z.exe" x -osrc\out\Default -y $localArtifactPath
+      shell: powershell
+    - name: Download and extract native test executables for test
+      run: |
+        $localArtifactPath = "src\out\Default\shell_browser_ui_unittests.exe"
+        $serverArtifactPath = "https://ci.appveyor.com/api/buildjobs/${{ inputs.appveyor_job_id }}/artifacts/shell_browser_ui_unittests.exe"
+        Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri $serverArtifactPath -OutFile $localArtifactPath -Headers @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer ${{ secrets.APPVEYOR_TOKEN }}" }
+      shell: powershell
+    - name: Download and extract ffmpeg.zip for test
+      run: |
+        $localArtifactPath = "$pwd\ffmpeg.zip"
+        $serverArtifactPath = "https://ci.appveyor.com/api/buildjobs/${{ inputs.appveyor_job_id }}/artifacts/ffmpeg.zip"
+        Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri $serverArtifactPath -OutFile $localArtifactPath -Headers @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer ${{ secrets.APPVEYOR_TOKEN }}" }
+        & "${env:ProgramFiles(x86)}\7-Zip\7z.exe" x -osrc\out\ffmpeg $localArtifactPath
+      shell: powershell
+    - name: Download node headers for test
+      run: |
+        $localArtifactPath = "src\node_headers.zip"
+        $serverArtifactPath = "https://ci.appveyor.com/api/buildjobs/${{ inputs.appveyor_job_id }}/artifacts/node_headers.zip"
+        Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri $serverArtifactPath -OutFile $localArtifactPath -Headers @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer ${{ secrets.APPVEYOR_TOKEN }}" }
+        cd src
+        & "${env:ProgramFiles(x86)}\7-Zip\7z.exe" x -y node_headers.zip
+      shell: powershell
+    - name: Download electron.lib for test
+      run: |
+        $localArtifactPath = "src\out\Default\electron.lib"
+        $serverArtifactPath = "https://ci.appveyor.com/api/buildjobs/${{ inputs.appveyor_job_id }}/artifacts/electron.lib"
+        Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri $serverArtifactPath -OutFile $localArtifactPath -Headers @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer ${{ secrets.APPVEYOR_TOKEN }}" }
+      shell: powershell
+    # Uncomment the following block if pdb files are needed to debug issues
+    # - name: Download pdb files for detailed stacktraces
+    #   if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
+    #   run: |
+    #     try {
+    #       $localArtifactPath = "src\pdb.zip"
+    #       $serverArtifactPath = "https://ci.appveyor.com/api/buildjobs/${{ inputs.appveyor_job_id }}/artifacts/pdb.zip"
+    #       Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri $serverArtifactPath -OutFile $localArtifactPath -Headers @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer ${{ secrets.APPVEYOR_TOKEN }}" }
+    #       cd src
+    #       & "${env:ProgramFiles(x86)}\7-Zip\7z.exe" x -y pdb.zip
+    #     } catch {
+    #       Write-Host "There was an exception encountered while downloading pdb files:" $_.Exception.Message
+    #     } finally {
+    #       $global:LASTEXITCODE = 0
+    #     }
+    #   shell: powershell
+    - name: Setup node headers
+      run: |
+        New-Item src\out\Default\gen\node_headers\Release -Type directory
+        Copy-Item -path src\out\Default\electron.lib -destination src\out\Default\gen\node_headers\Release\node.lib
+      shell: powershell
+    - name: Run Electron Main process tests
+      run: |
+        cd src
+        set npm_config_nodedir=%cd%\out\Default\gen\node_headers
+        set npm_config_arch=arm64
+        cd electron
+        node script/yarn test --runners=main --enable-logging --disable-features=CalculateNativeWinOcclusion  
+      env:
+        ELECTRON_ENABLE_STACK_DUMPING: true
+        ELECTRON_OUT_DIR: Default
+        IGNORE_YARN_INSTALL_ERROR: 1
+        ELECTRON_TEST_RESULTS_DIR: junit
+        MOCHA_MULTI_REPORTERS: 'mocha-junit-reporter, tap'
+        MOCHA_REPORTER: mocha-multi-reporters
+        ELECTRON_SKIP_NATIVE_MODULE_TESTS: true
+    - name: Run Electron Remote based tests
+      if: ${{ success() || failure() }}
+      run: |
+        cd src
+        set npm_config_nodedir=%cd%\out\Default\gen\node_headers
+        set npm_config_arch=arm64
+        cd electron
+        node script/yarn test --runners=remote --enable-logging --disable-features=CalculateNativeWinOcclusion
+      env:
+        ELECTRON_OUT_DIR: Default
+        IGNORE_YARN_INSTALL_ERROR: 1
+        ELECTRON_TEST_RESULTS_DIR: junit
+        MOCHA_MULTI_REPORTERS: 'mocha-junit-reporter, tap'
+        MOCHA_REPORTER: mocha-multi-reporters
+        ELECTRON_SKIP_NATIVE_MODULE_TESTS: true
+    - name: Verify ffmpeg
+      run: |
+        cd src
+        echo "Verifying non proprietary ffmpeg"
+        python electron\script\verify-ffmpeg.py --build-dir out\Default --source-root %cd% --ffmpeg-path out\ffmpeg
+      shell: cmd
+    - name: Kill processes left running from last test run
+      if: ${{ always() }}
+      run: |
+        Get-Process | Where Name -Like "electron*" | Stop-Process
+        Get-Process | Where Name -Like "msedge*" | Stop-Process
+      shell: powershell
+    - name: Delete user app data directories
+      if: ${{ always() }}
+      run: |
+        Remove-Item -path $env:APPDATA/Electron* -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction Ignore
+      shell: powershell
+    - uses: LouisBrunner/checks-action@v1.1.1
+      if: ${{ success() }}
+      with:
+        token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        name: electron-woa-testing
+        conclusion: "${{ job.status }}"
+        details_url: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+        output: |
+          {"summary":"${{ job.status }}","text_description":"See job details here: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}"}
+    - uses: LouisBrunner/checks-action@v1.1.1
+      if: ${{ success() }}
+      with:
+        token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        name: electron-woa-testing
+        conclusion: "${{ job.status }}"
+        details_url: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+        output: |
+          {"summary":"Job Succeeded","text_description":"See job details here: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}"}          
+    - uses: LouisBrunner/checks-action@v1.1.1
+      if: ${{ ! success() }}
+      with:
+        token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        name: electron-woa-testing
+        conclusion: "${{ job.status }}"
+        details_url: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+        output: |
+          {"summary":"Job Failed","text_description":"See job details here: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}"}                    

.github/workflows/semantic.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+name: "Check Semantic Commit"
+
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+    types:
+      - opened
+      - edited
+      - synchronize
+
+jobs:
+  main:
+    name: Validate PR Title
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: semantic-pull-request
+        uses: amannn/action-semantic-pull-request@v4
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          validateSingleCommit: false

.markdownlint.json

@@ -23,7 +23,5 @@
     "br_spaces": 0
   },
   "single-h1": false,
-  "no-inline-html": {
-    "allowed_elements": ["br"]
-  }
+  "no-inline-html": false
 }

BUILD.gn

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ if (is_mac) {
 
 if (is_linux) {
   import("//build/config/linux/pkg_config.gni")
+  import("//tools/generate_stubs/rules.gni")
 
   pkg_config("gio_unix") {
     packages = [ "gio-unix-2.0" ]
@@ -54,6 +55,41 @@ if (is_linux) {
       "gdk-pixbuf-2.0",
     ]
   }
+
+  generate_library_loader("libnotify_loader") {
+    name = "LibNotifyLoader"
+    output_h = "libnotify_loader.h"
+    output_cc = "libnotify_loader.cc"
+    header = "<libnotify/notify.h>"
+    config = ":libnotify_config"
+
+    functions = [
+      "notify_is_initted",
+      "notify_init",
+      "notify_get_server_caps",
+      "notify_get_server_info",
+      "notify_notification_new",
+      "notify_notification_add_action",
+      "notify_notification_set_image_from_pixbuf",
+      "notify_notification_set_timeout",
+      "notify_notification_set_urgency",
+      "notify_notification_set_hint_string",
+      "notify_notification_show",
+      "notify_notification_close",
+    ]
+  }
+
+  generate_stubs("electron_gtk_stubs") {
+    sigs = [
+      "shell/browser/ui/electron_gdk_pixbuf.sigs",
+      "shell/browser/ui/electron_gtk.sigs",
+    ]
+    extra_header = "shell/browser/ui/electron_gtk.fragment"
+    output_name = "electron_gtk_stubs"
+    public_deps = [ "//ui/gtk:gtk_config" ]
+    logging_function = "LogNoop()"
+    logging_include = "ui/gtk/log_noop.h"
+  }
 }
 
 declare_args() {
@@ -253,31 +289,6 @@ copy("copy_shell_devtools_discovery_page") {
   outputs = [ "$target_gen_dir/shell_devtools_discovery_page.html" ]
 }
 
-if (is_linux) {
-  generate_library_loader("libnotify_loader") {
-    name = "LibNotifyLoader"
-    output_h = "libnotify_loader.h"
-    output_cc = "libnotify_loader.cc"
-    header = "<libnotify/notify.h>"
-    config = ":libnotify_config"
-
-    functions = [
-      "notify_is_initted",
-      "notify_init",
-      "notify_get_server_caps",
-      "notify_get_server_info",
-      "notify_notification_new",
-      "notify_notification_add_action",
-      "notify_notification_set_image_from_pixbuf",
-      "notify_notification_set_timeout",
-      "notify_notification_set_urgency",
-      "notify_notification_set_hint_string",
-      "notify_notification_show",
-      "notify_notification_close",
-    ]
-  }
-}
-
 npm_action("electron_version_args") {
   script = "generate-version-json"
 
@@ -355,12 +366,14 @@ source_set("electron_lib") {
     "//chrome/app/resources:platform_locale_settings",
     "//components/autofill/core/common:features",
     "//components/certificate_transparency",
+    "//components/embedder_support:browser_util",
     "//components/language/core/browser",
     "//components/net_log",
     "//components/network_hints/browser",
     "//components/network_hints/common:mojo_bindings",
     "//components/network_hints/renderer",
     "//components/network_session_configurator/common",
+    "//components/omnibox/browser:buildflags",
     "//components/os_crypt",
     "//components/pref_registry",
     "//components/prefs",
@@ -472,8 +485,8 @@ source_set("electron_lib") {
 
   if (is_linux) {
     deps += [
-      "//build/config/linux/gtk:gtkprint",
       "//components/crash/content/browser",
+      "//ui/gtk:gtk_config",
     ]
   }
 
@@ -534,6 +547,7 @@ source_set("electron_lib") {
   if (is_linux) {
     libs = [ "xshmfence" ]
     deps += [
+      ":electron_gtk_stubs",
       ":libnotify_loader",
       "//build/config/linux/gtk",
       "//dbus",
@@ -549,14 +563,13 @@ source_set("electron_lib") {
       sources += filenames.lib_sources_linux_x11
       public_deps += [
         "//ui/base/x",
-        "//ui/platform_window/x11",
+        "//ui/ozone/platform/x11",
       ]
     }
     configs += [ ":gio_unix" ]
     defines += [
       # Disable warnings for g_settings_list_schemas.
       "GLIB_DISABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS",
-      "USE_X11=1",
     ]
 
     sources += [
@@ -694,6 +707,8 @@ source_set("electron_lib") {
     deps += [
       "//chrome/browser/resources/pdf:resources",
       "//components/pdf/browser",
+      "//components/pdf/browser:interceptors",
+      "//components/pdf/common",
       "//components/pdf/renderer",
       "//pdf:pdf_ppapi",
     ]
@@ -1048,7 +1063,6 @@ if (is_mac) {
       "shell/app/electron_main_mac.cc",
       "shell/app/uv_stdio_fix.cc",
       "shell/app/uv_stdio_fix.h",
-      "shell/common/electron_constants.cc",
     ]
     include_dirs = [ "." ]
     deps = [
@@ -1186,7 +1200,7 @@ if (is_mac) {
     if (enable_hidpi) {
       data += [ "$root_out_dir/chrome_200_percent.pak" ]
     }
-    foreach(locale, locales) {
+    foreach(locale, platform_pak_locales) {
       data += [ "$root_out_dir/locales/$locale.pak" ]
     }
 
@@ -1265,6 +1279,10 @@ if (is_mac) {
       if (!is_component_build && is_component_ffmpeg) {
         configs += [ "//build/config/gcc:rpath_for_built_shared_libraries" ]
       }
+
+      if (is_linux) {
+        deps += [ "//sandbox/linux:chrome_sandbox" ]
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -1401,11 +1419,13 @@ dist_zip("electron_dist_zip") {
   if (is_linux) {
     data_deps += [ "//sandbox/linux:chrome_sandbox" ]
   }
+  deps = data_deps
   outputs = [ "$root_build_dir/dist.zip" ]
 }
 
 dist_zip("electron_ffmpeg_zip") {
   data_deps = [ "//third_party/ffmpeg" ]
+  deps = data_deps
   outputs = [ "$root_build_dir/ffmpeg.zip" ]
 }
 
@@ -1423,6 +1443,7 @@ group("electron_chromedriver") {
 dist_zip("electron_chromedriver_zip") {
   testonly = true
   data_deps = electron_chromedriver_deps
+  deps = data_deps
   outputs = [ "$root_build_dir/chromedriver.zip" ]
 }
 
@@ -1441,6 +1462,7 @@ group("electron_mksnapshot") {
 
 dist_zip("electron_mksnapshot_zip") {
   data_deps = mksnapshot_deps
+  deps = data_deps
   outputs = [ "$root_build_dir/mksnapshot.zip" ]
 }
 
@@ -1451,6 +1473,7 @@ copy("hunspell_dictionaries") {
 
 dist_zip("hunspell_dictionaries_zip") {
   data_deps = [ ":hunspell_dictionaries" ]
+  deps = data_deps
   flatten = true
 
   outputs = [ "$root_build_dir/hunspell_dictionaries.zip" ]
@@ -1464,6 +1487,7 @@ copy("libcxx_headers") {
 
 dist_zip("libcxx_headers_zip") {
   data_deps = [ ":libcxx_headers" ]
+  deps = data_deps
   flatten = true
   flatten_relative_to = rebase_path(
           "$target_gen_dir/electron_libcxx_include/buildtools/third_party/libc++/trunk",
@@ -1479,6 +1503,7 @@ copy("libcxxabi_headers") {
 
 dist_zip("libcxxabi_headers_zip") {
   data_deps = [ ":libcxxabi_headers" ]
+  deps = data_deps
   flatten = true
   flatten_relative_to = rebase_path(
           "$target_gen_dir/electron_libcxxabi_include/buildtools/third_party/libc++abi/trunk",

DEPS

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ gclient_gn_args = [
 
 vars = {
   'chromium_version':
-    '99.0.4767.0',
+    '100.0.4896.160',
   'node_version':
     'v16.13.2',
   'nan_version':

ELECTRON_VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-18.0.0-nightly.20220201
+18.3.9

appveyor.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #  - "TARGET_ARCH" Choose from {'ia32', 'x64', 'arm', 'arm64', 'mips64el'}.
 #      Is used in some publishing scripts, but does NOT affect the Electron binary.
 #      Must match 'target_cpu' passed to "GN_EXTRA_ARGS" and "NPM_CONFIG_ARCH" value.
-#  - "UPLOAD_TO_S3" Set it to '1' upload a release to the S3 bucket.
+#  - "UPLOAD_TO_STORAGE" Set it to '1' upload a release to the Azure bucket.
 #      Otherwise the release will be uploaded to the Github Releases.
 #      (The value is only checked if "ELECTRON_RELEASE" is defined.)
 #
@@ -34,19 +34,10 @@ environment:
   GIT_CACHE_PATH: C:\Users\electron\libcc_cache
   ELECTRON_OUT_DIR: Default
   ELECTRON_ENABLE_STACK_DUMPING: 1
+  ELECTRON_ALSO_LOG_TO_STDERR: 1
   MOCHA_REPORTER: mocha-multi-reporters
   MOCHA_MULTI_REPORTERS: mocha-appveyor-reporter, tap
   GOMA_FALLBACK_ON_AUTH_FAILURE: true
-notifications:
-  - provider: Webhook
-    url: https://electron-mission-control.herokuapp.com/rest/appveyor-hook
-    method: POST
-    headers:
-      x-mission-control-secret:
-        secure: 90BLVPcqhJPG7d24v0q/RRray6W3wDQ8uVQlQjOHaBWkw1i8FoA1lsjr2C/v1dVok+tS2Pi6KxDctPUkwIb4T27u4RhvmcPzQhVpfwVJAG9oNtq+yKN7vzHfg7k/pojEzVdJpQLzeJGcSrZu7VY39Q==
-    on_build_success: false
-    on_build_failure: true
-    on_build_status_changed: false
 build_script:
   - ps: >-
       if(($env:APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_HEAD_REPO_NAME -split "/")[0] -eq ($env:APPVEYOR_REPO_NAME -split "/")[0]) {
@@ -66,6 +57,31 @@ build_script:
   - mkdir src
   - update_depot_tools.bat
   - ps: Move-Item $env:APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER -Destination src\electron
+  - ps: >-
+      if (Test-Path 'env:RAW_GOMA_AUTH') {
+        $env:GOMA_OAUTH2_CONFIG_FILE = "$pwd\.goma_oauth2_config"
+        $env:RAW_GOMA_AUTH | Set-Content $env:GOMA_OAUTH2_CONFIG_FILE
+      }
+  - git clone https://github.com/electron/build-tools.git
+  - cd build-tools
+  - npm install
+  - mkdir third_party
+  - ps: >-
+      node -e "require('./src/utils/goma.js').downloadAndPrepare({ gomaOneForAll: true })"
+  - ps: $env:GN_GOMA_FILE = node -e "console.log(require('./src/utils/goma.js').gnFilePath)"
+  - ps: $env:LOCAL_GOMA_DIR = node -e "console.log(require('./src/utils/goma.js').dir)"
+  - cd ..
+  - ps: .\src\electron\script\start-goma.ps1 -gomaDir $env:LOCAL_GOMA_DIR
+  - ps: >-
+      if (Test-Path 'env:RAW_GOMA_AUTH') {
+        $goma_login = python $env:LOCAL_GOMA_DIR\goma_auth.py info
+        if ($goma_login -eq 'Login as Fermi Planck') {
+          Write-warning "Goma authentication is correct";
+        } else {
+          Write-warning "WARNING!!!!!! Goma authentication is incorrect; please update Goma auth token.";
+          $host.SetShouldExit(1)
+        }
+      }
   - ps: $env:CHROMIUM_BUILDTOOLS_PATH="$pwd\src\buildtools"
   - ps: >-
       if ($env:GN_CONFIG -ne 'release') {
@@ -129,21 +145,6 @@ build_script:
           Write-warning "Failed to add third_party\angle\.git; continuing anyway"
         }
       }
-  - ps: >-
-      if (Test-Path 'env:RAW_GOMA_AUTH') {
-        $env:GOMA_OAUTH2_CONFIG_FILE = "$pwd\.goma_oauth2_config"
-        $env:RAW_GOMA_AUTH | Set-Content $env:GOMA_OAUTH2_CONFIG_FILE
-      }
-  - git clone https://github.com/electron/build-tools.git
-  - cd build-tools
-  - npm install
-  - mkdir third_party
-  - ps: >-
-      node -e "require('./src/utils/goma.js').downloadAndPrepare({ gomaOneForAll: true })"
-  - ps: $env:GN_GOMA_FILE = node -e "console.log(require('./src/utils/goma.js').gnFilePath)"
-  - ps: $env:LOCAL_GOMA_DIR = node -e "console.log(require('./src/utils/goma.js').dir)"
-  - cd ..
-  - ps: .\src\electron\script\start-goma.ps1 -gomaDir $env:LOCAL_GOMA_DIR
   - cd src
   - set BUILD_CONFIG_PATH=//electron/build/args/%GN_CONFIG%.gn 
   - gn gen out/Default "--args=import(\"%BUILD_CONFIG_PATH%\") import(\"%GN_GOMA_FILE%\") %GN_EXTRA_ARGS% "
@@ -209,7 +210,9 @@ test_script:
       }
   - cd electron
   # CalculateNativeWinOcclusion is disabled due to https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=1139022
-  - if "%RUN_TESTS%"=="true" ( echo Running test suite & node script/yarn test -- --trace-uncaught --enable-logging --disable-features=CalculateNativeWinOcclusion )
+  - if "%RUN_TESTS%"=="true" ( echo Running main test suite & node script/yarn test -- --trace-uncaught --runners=main --enable-logging=file --log-file=%cd%\electron.log --disable-features=CalculateNativeWinOcclusion )
+  - if "%RUN_TESTS%"=="true" ( echo Running remote test suite & node script/yarn test -- --trace-uncaught --runners=remote --runTestFilesSeperately --enable-logging=file --log-file=%cd%\electron.log --disable-features=CalculateNativeWinOcclusion )
+  - if "%RUN_TESTS%"=="true" ( echo Running native test suite & node script/yarn test -- --trace-uncaught --runners=native --enable-logging=file --log-file=%cd%\electron.log --disable-features=CalculateNativeWinOcclusion )  
   - cd ..
   - if "%RUN_TESTS%"=="true" ( echo Verifying non proprietary ffmpeg & python electron\script\verify-ffmpeg.py --build-dir out\Default --source-root %cd% --ffmpeg-path out\ffmpeg )
   - echo "About to verify mksnapshot"
@@ -217,17 +220,20 @@ test_script:
   - echo "Done verifying mksnapshot"
   - if "%RUN_TESTS%"=="true" ( echo Verifying chromedriver & python electron\script\verify-chromedriver.py --build-dir out\Default --source-root %cd% )
   - echo "Done verifying chromedriver"
+  - if exist %cd%\electron.log ( appveyor-retry appveyor PushArtifact %cd%\electron.log )
 deploy_script:
   - cd electron
   - ps: >-
       if (Test-Path Env:\ELECTRON_RELEASE) {
-        if (Test-Path Env:\UPLOAD_TO_S3) {
-          Write-Output "Uploading Electron release distribution to s3"
-          & python script\release\uploaders\upload.py --verbose --upload_to_s3
+        if (Test-Path Env:\UPLOAD_TO_STORAGE) {
+          Write-Output "Uploading Electron release distribution to azure"
+          & python script\release\uploaders\upload.py --verbose --upload_to_storage
         } else {
           Write-Output "Uploading Electron release distribution to github releases"
           & python script\release\uploaders\upload.py --verbose
         }
       } elseif (Test-Path Env:\TEST_WOA) {
-        node script/release/ci-release-build.js --job=electron-woa-testing --ci=VSTS --armTest --appveyorJobId=$env:APPVEYOR_JOB_ID $env:APPVEYOR_REPO_BRANCH
+        node script/release/ci-release-build.js --job=electron-woa-testing --ci=GHA --appveyorJobId=$env:APPVEYOR_JOB_ID $env:APPVEYOR_REPO_BRANCH
       }
+on_finish:
+  - if exist src\electron\electron.log ( appveyor-retry appveyor PushArtifact src\electron\electron.log )

azure-pipelines-arm.yml

@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-steps:
-- task: CopyFiles@2
-  displayName: 'Copy Files to: src/electron'
-  inputs:
-    TargetFolder: src/electron
-
-- bash: |
-    cd src/electron
-    node script/yarn.js install --frozen-lockfile
-  displayName: 'Yarn install'
-
-- bash: |
-    export ZIP_DEST=$PWD/src/out/Default
-    echo "##vso[task.setvariable variable=ZIP_DEST]$ZIP_DEST"
-    mkdir -p $ZIP_DEST
-    cd src/electron
-    node script/download-circleci-artifacts.js --buildNum=$CIRCLE_BUILD_NUM --name=dist.zip --dest=$ZIP_DEST
-    cd $ZIP_DEST
-    unzip -o dist.zip
-    xattr -cr Electron.app    
-  displayName: 'Download and unzip dist files for test'
-  env:
-    CIRCLE_TOKEN: $(CIRCLECI_TOKEN)
-
-- bash: |
-    export FFMPEG_ZIP_DEST=$PWD/src/out/ffmpeg
-    mkdir -p $FFMPEG_ZIP_DEST
-    cd src/electron
-    node script/download-circleci-artifacts.js --buildNum=$CIRCLE_BUILD_NUM --name=ffmpeg.zip --dest=$FFMPEG_ZIP_DEST
-    cd $FFMPEG_ZIP_DEST
-    unzip -o ffmpeg.zip
-  displayName: 'Download and unzip ffmpeg for test'
-  env:
-    CIRCLE_TOKEN: $(CIRCLECI_TOKEN)
-
-- bash: |
-   export NODE_HEADERS_DEST=$PWD/src/out/Default/gen
-   mkdir -p $NODE_HEADERS_DEST
-   cd src/electron
-   node script/download-circleci-artifacts.js --buildNum=$CIRCLE_BUILD_NUM --name=node_headers.tar.gz --dest=$NODE_HEADERS_DEST
-   cd $NODE_HEADERS_DEST
-   tar xzf node_headers.tar.gz
-  displayName: 'Download and untar node header files for test'
-  env:
-    CIRCLE_TOKEN: $(CIRCLECI_TOKEN)
-
-- bash: |
-   export CROSS_ARCH_SNAPSHOTS=$PWD/src/out/Default/cross-arch-snapshots
-   mkdir -p $CROSS_ARCH_SNAPSHOTS
-   cd src/electron
-   node script/download-circleci-artifacts.js --buildNum=$CIRCLE_BUILD_NUM --name=cross-arch-snapshots/snapshot_blob.bin --dest=$CROSS_ARCH_SNAPSHOTS
-   node script/download-circleci-artifacts.js --buildNum=$CIRCLE_BUILD_NUM --name=cross-arch-snapshots/v8_context_snapshot.arm64.bin --dest=$CROSS_ARCH_SNAPSHOTS
-  displayName: 'Download cross arch snapshot files'
-  env:
-    CIRCLE_TOKEN: $(CIRCLECI_TOKEN)
-
-- bash: |
-    cd src
-    export ELECTRON_OUT_DIR=Default
-    export npm_config_arch=arm64
-    (cd electron && node script/yarn test --enable-logging --runners main)
-  displayName: 'Run Electron main tests'
-  timeoutInMinutes: 20
-  env:
-    ELECTRON_DISABLE_SECURITY_WARNINGS: 1
-    IGNORE_YARN_INSTALL_ERROR: 1
-    ELECTRON_TEST_RESULTS_DIR: junit
-
-- bash: |
-    cd src
-    export ELECTRON_OUT_DIR=Default
-    export npm_config_arch=arm64
-    (cd electron && node script/yarn test --enable-logging --runners remote)
-  displayName: 'Run Electron remote tests'
-  timeoutInMinutes: 20
-  condition: succeededOrFailed()
-  env:
-    ELECTRON_DISABLE_SECURITY_WARNINGS: 1
-    IGNORE_YARN_INSTALL_ERROR: 1
-    ELECTRON_TEST_RESULTS_DIR: junit
-
-- bash: |
-    cd src
-    python electron/script/verify-ffmpeg.py --source-root "$PWD" --build-dir out/Default --ffmpeg-path out/ffmpeg
-  displayName: Verify non proprietary ffmpeg
-  timeoutInMinutes: 5
-  condition: succeededOrFailed()
-  env:
-    TARGET_ARCH: arm64
-
-- bash: |
-    cd src
-    echo Verify cross arch snapshot
-    python electron/script/verify-mksnapshot.py --source-root "$PWD" --build-dir out/Default --snapshot-files-dir $PWD/out/Default/cross-arch-snapshots
-  displayName: Verify cross arch snapshot
-  timeoutInMinutes: 5
-  condition: succeededOrFailed()
-
-- task: PublishTestResults@2
-  displayName: 'Publish Test Results'
-  inputs:
-    testResultsFiles: '*.xml'
-
-    searchFolder: '$(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)/src/junit/'
-
-  condition: succeededOrFailed()
-
-- bash: killall Electron || echo "No Electron processes left running"
-  displayName: 'Kill processes left running from last test run'
-  condition: always()
-
-- bash: |
-    rm -rf ~/Library/Application\ Support/Electron*
-    rm -rf ~/Library/Application\ Support/electron*
-  displayName: 'Delete user app data directories'
-  condition: always()
-
-- task: mspremier.PostBuildCleanup.PostBuildCleanup-task.PostBuildCleanup@3
-  displayName: 'Clean Agent Directories'
-
-  condition: always()

azure-pipelines-woa.yml

@@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
-steps:
-- task: CopyFiles@2
-  displayName: 'Copy Files to: src\electron'
-  inputs:
-    TargetFolder: src\electron
-
-- script: |
-    cd src\electron
-    node script/yarn.js install --frozen-lockfile
-  displayName: 'Yarn install'
-
-- powershell: |
-    $localArtifactPath = "$pwd\dist.zip"
-    $serverArtifactPath = "$env:APPVEYOR_URL/buildjobs/$env:APPVEYOR_JOB_ID/artifacts/dist.zip"
-    Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri $serverArtifactPath -OutFile $localArtifactPath -Headers @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $env:APPVEYOR_TOKEN" }
-    & "${env:ProgramFiles(x86)}\7-Zip\7z.exe" x -osrc\out\Default -y $localArtifactPath
-  displayName: 'Download and extract dist.zip for test'
-  env:
-    APPVEYOR_TOKEN: $(APPVEYOR_TOKEN)
-
-- powershell: |
-    $localArtifactPath = "$pwd\src\out\Default\shell_browser_ui_unittests.exe"
-    $serverArtifactPath = "$env:APPVEYOR_URL/buildjobs/$env:APPVEYOR_JOB_ID/artifacts/shell_browser_ui_unittests.exe"
-    Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri $serverArtifactPath -OutFile $localArtifactPath -Headers @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $env:APPVEYOR_TOKEN" }
-  displayName: 'Download and extract native test executables for test'
-  env:
-    APPVEYOR_TOKEN: $(APPVEYOR_TOKEN)
-
-- powershell: |
-    $localArtifactPath = "$pwd\ffmpeg.zip"
-    $serverArtifactPath = "$env:APPVEYOR_URL/buildjobs/$env:APPVEYOR_JOB_ID/artifacts/ffmpeg.zip"
-    Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri $serverArtifactPath -OutFile $localArtifactPath -Headers @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $env:APPVEYOR_TOKEN" }
-    & "${env:ProgramFiles(x86)}\7-Zip\7z.exe" x -osrc\out\ffmpeg $localArtifactPath
-  displayName: 'Download and extract ffmpeg.zip for test'
-  env:
-    APPVEYOR_TOKEN: $(APPVEYOR_TOKEN)
-
-- powershell: |
-    $localArtifactPath = "$pwd\src\node_headers.zip"
-    $serverArtifactPath = "$env:APPVEYOR_URL/buildjobs/$env:APPVEYOR_JOB_ID/artifacts/node_headers.zip"
-    Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri $serverArtifactPath -OutFile $localArtifactPath -Headers @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $env:APPVEYOR_TOKEN" }
-    cd src
-    & "${env:ProgramFiles(x86)}\7-Zip\7z.exe" x -y node_headers.zip
-  displayName: 'Download node headers for test'
-  env:
-    APPVEYOR_TOKEN: $(APPVEYOR_TOKEN)
-
-- powershell: |
-    $localArtifactPath = "$pwd\src\out\Default\electron.lib"
-    $serverArtifactPath = "$env:APPVEYOR_URL/buildjobs/$env:APPVEYOR_JOB_ID/artifacts/electron.lib"
-    Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri $serverArtifactPath -OutFile $localArtifactPath -Headers @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $env:APPVEYOR_TOKEN" }
-  displayName: 'Download electron.lib for test'
-  env:
-    APPVEYOR_TOKEN: $(APPVEYOR_TOKEN)
-
-- powershell: |
-    try {
-      $localArtifactPath = "$pwd\src\pdb.zip"
-      $serverArtifactPath = "$env:APPVEYOR_URL/buildjobs/$env:APPVEYOR_JOB_ID/artifacts/pdb.zip"
-      Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri $serverArtifactPath -OutFile $localArtifactPath -Headers @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $env:APPVEYOR_TOKEN" }
-      cd src
-      & "${env:ProgramFiles(x86)}\7-Zip\7z.exe" x -y pdb.zip
-    } catch {
-      Write-Host "There was an exception encountered while downloading pdb files:" $_.Exception.Message
-    } finally {
-      $global:LASTEXITCODE = 0
-    }
-  displayName: 'Download pdb files for detailed stacktraces'
-  env:
-    APPVEYOR_TOKEN: $(APPVEYOR_TOKEN)
-
-- powershell: |
-    New-Item src\out\Default\gen\node_headers\Release -Type directory
-    Copy-Item -path src\out\Default\electron.lib -destination src\out\Default\gen\node_headers\Release\node.lib
-  displayName: 'Setup node headers'
-
-- script: |
-    cd src
-    set npm_config_nodedir=%cd%\out\Default\gen\node_headers
-    set npm_config_arch=arm64
-    cd electron
-    node script/yarn test --runners=main --runTestFilesSeperately --enable-logging --disable-features=CalculateNativeWinOcclusion
-  displayName: 'Run Electron Main process tests'
-  env:
-    ELECTRON_ENABLE_STACK_DUMPING: true
-    ELECTRON_OUT_DIR: Default
-    IGNORE_YARN_INSTALL_ERROR: 1
-    ELECTRON_TEST_RESULTS_DIR: junit
-    MOCHA_MULTI_REPORTERS: 'mocha-junit-reporter, tap'
-    MOCHA_REPORTER: mocha-multi-reporters
-
-- script: |
-    cd src
-    set npm_config_nodedir=%cd%\out\Default\gen\node_headers
-    set npm_config_arch=arm64
-    cd electron
-    node script/yarn test --runners=remote --enable-logging --disable-features=CalculateNativeWinOcclusion
-  displayName: 'Run Electron Remote based tests'
-  env:
-    ELECTRON_OUT_DIR: Default
-    IGNORE_YARN_INSTALL_ERROR: 1
-    ELECTRON_TEST_RESULTS_DIR: junit
-    MOCHA_MULTI_REPORTERS: 'mocha-junit-reporter, tap'
-    MOCHA_REPORTER: mocha-multi-reporters
-  condition: always()    
-
-- task: PublishTestResults@2
-  displayName: 'Publish Test Results'
-  inputs:
-    testResultsFiles: '*.xml'
-    searchFolder: '$(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)/src/junit/'
-  condition: always()
-
-- script: |
-    cd src
-    echo "Verifying non proprietary ffmpeg"
-    python electron\script\verify-ffmpeg.py --build-dir out\Default --source-root %cd% --ffmpeg-path out\ffmpeg
-  displayName: 'Verify ffmpeg'
-
-- powershell: |
-    Get-Process | Where Name –Like "electron*" | Stop-Process
-    Get-Process | Where Name –Like "msedge*" | Stop-Process
-  displayName: 'Kill processes left running from last test run'
-  condition: always()
-
-- powershell: |
-    Remove-Item -path $env:APPDATA/Electron* -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction Ignore
-  displayName: 'Delete user app data directories'
-  condition: always()

build/args/all.gn

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ root_extra_deps = [ "//electron" ]
 node_module_version = 103
 
 v8_promise_internal_field_count = 1
-v8_typed_array_max_size_in_heap = 0
 v8_embedder_string = "-electron.0"
 
 # TODO: this breaks mksnapshot
@@ -22,6 +21,9 @@ proprietary_codecs = true
 ffmpeg_branding = "Chrome"
 
 enable_basic_printing = true
+
+# Removes DLLs from the build, which are only meant to be used for Chromium development.
+# See https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/17985
 angle_enable_vulkan_validation_layers = false
 dawn_enable_vulkan_validation_layers = false
 

build/extract_symbols.gni

@@ -24,7 +24,11 @@ template("extract_symbols") {
     assert(defined(invoker.binary), "Need binary to dump")
     assert(defined(invoker.symbol_dir), "Need directory for symbol output")
 
-    dump_syms_label = "//third_party/breakpad:dump_syms($host_toolchain)"
+    if (host_os == "win" && target_cpu == "x86") {
+      dump_syms_label = "//third_party/breakpad:dump_syms(//build/toolchain/win:win_clang_x64)"
+    } else {
+      dump_syms_label = "//third_party/breakpad:dump_syms($host_toolchain)"
+    }
     dump_syms_binary = get_label_info(dump_syms_label, "root_out_dir") +
                        "/dump_syms$_host_executable_suffix"
 

build/js2c.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
 
 import os
 import subprocess

build/npm-run.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
 from __future__ import print_function
 import os
 import subprocess

build/profile_toolchain.py

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
-from __future__ import with_statement
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 import contextlib
 import sys
 import os
 import optparse
 import json
+import re
+import subprocess
 
 sys.path.append("%s/../../build" % os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)))
 
@@ -33,36 +36,56 @@ def calculate_hash(root):
         return CalculateHash('.', None)
 
 def windows_installed_software():
-    import win32com.client
-    strComputer = "."
-    objWMIService = win32com.client.Dispatch("WbemScripting.SWbemLocator")
-    objSWbemServices = objWMIService.ConnectServer(strComputer, "root\cimv2")
-    colItems = objSWbemServices.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_Product")
-    items = []
+    powershell_command = [
+        "Get-CimInstance",
+        "-Namespace",
+        "root\cimv2",
+        "-Class",
+        "Win32_product",
+        "|",
+        "Select",
+        "vendor,",
+        "description,",
+        "@{l='install_location';e='InstallLocation'},",
+        "@{l='install_date';e='InstallDate'},",
+        "@{l='install_date_2';e='InstallDate2'},",
+        "caption,",
+        "version,",
+        "name,",
+        "@{l='sku_number';e='SKUNumber'}",
+        "|",
+        "ConvertTo-Json",
+    ]
 
-    for objItem in colItems:
-        item = {}
-        if objItem.Caption:
-            item['caption'] = objItem.Caption
-        if objItem.Caption:
-            item['description'] = objItem.Description
-        if objItem.InstallDate:
-            item['install_date'] = objItem.InstallDate
-        if objItem.InstallDate2:
-            item['install_date_2'] = objItem.InstallDate2
-        if objItem.InstallLocation:
-            item['install_location'] = objItem.InstallLocation
-        if objItem.Name:
-            item['name'] = objItem.Name
-        if objItem.SKUNumber:
-            item['sku_number'] = objItem.SKUNumber
-        if objItem.Vendor:
-            item['vendor'] = objItem.Vendor
-        if objItem.Version:
-            item['version'] = objItem.Version
-        items.append(item)
+    proc = subprocess.Popen(
+        ["powershell.exe", "-Command", "-"],
+        stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+    )
 
-    return items
+    stdout, _ = proc.communicate(" ".join(powershell_command).encode("utf-8"))
+
+    if proc.returncode != 0:
+        raise RuntimeError("Failed to get list of installed software")
+
+    # On AppVeyor there's other output related to PSReadline,
+    # so grab only the JSON output and ignore everything else
+    json_match = re.match(
+        r".*(\[.*{.*}.*\]).*", stdout.decode("utf-8"), re.DOTALL
+    )
+
+    if not json_match:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "Couldn't find JSON output for list of installed software"
+        )
+
+    # Filter out missing keys
+    return list(
+        map(
+            lambda info: {k: info[k] for k in info if info[k]},
+            json.loads(json_match.group(1)),
+        )
+    )
 
 
 def windows_profile():
@@ -89,7 +112,7 @@ def windows_profile():
 
 def main(options):
     if sys.platform == 'win32':
-        with open(options.output_json, 'wb') as f:
+        with open(options.output_json, 'w') as f:
             json.dump(windows_profile(), f)
     else:
         raise OSError("Unsupported OS")

build/strip_framework.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys

build/zip.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
 from __future__ import print_function
 import os
 import subprocess

build/zip_libcxx.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
 from __future__ import print_function
 import os
 import subprocess

chromium_src/BUILD.gn

@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ static_library("chrome") {
     "//chrome/browser/predictors/resolve_host_client_impl.cc",
     "//chrome/browser/predictors/resolve_host_client_impl.h",
     "//chrome/browser/process_singleton.h",
-    "//chrome/browser/ui/browser_dialogs.cc",
-    "//chrome/browser/ui/browser_dialogs.h",
+    "//chrome/browser/process_singleton_internal.cc",
+    "//chrome/browser/process_singleton_internal.h",
     "//chrome/browser/ui/exclusive_access/exclusive_access_bubble_type.cc",
     "//chrome/browser/ui/exclusive_access/exclusive_access_bubble_type.h",
     "//chrome/browser/ui/exclusive_access/exclusive_access_controller_base.cc",
@@ -140,10 +140,6 @@ static_library("chrome") {
     "//components/optimization_guide/proto:optimization_guide_proto",
   ]
 
-  if (enable_basic_printing && is_win) {
-    deps += [ "//chrome/common:cloud_print_utility_mojom" ]
-  }
-
   if (is_linux) {
     sources += [ "//chrome/browser/icon_loader_auralinux.cc" ]
     if (use_ozone) {
@@ -243,8 +239,6 @@ static_library("chrome") {
       sources += [
         "//chrome/browser/printing/pdf_to_emf_converter.cc",
         "//chrome/browser/printing/pdf_to_emf_converter.h",
-        "//chrome/utility/printing_handler.cc",
-        "//chrome/utility/printing_handler.h",
       ]
     }
   }
@@ -259,8 +253,12 @@ static_library("chrome") {
       "//chrome/browser/ui/views/overlay/close_image_button.cc",
       "//chrome/browser/ui/views/overlay/close_image_button.h",
       "//chrome/browser/ui/views/overlay/constants.h",
+      "//chrome/browser/ui/views/overlay/document_overlay_window_views.cc",
+      "//chrome/browser/ui/views/overlay/document_overlay_window_views.h",
       "//chrome/browser/ui/views/overlay/hang_up_button.cc",
       "//chrome/browser/ui/views/overlay/hang_up_button.h",
+      "//chrome/browser/ui/views/overlay/overlay_window_image_button.cc",
+      "//chrome/browser/ui/views/overlay/overlay_window_image_button.h",
       "//chrome/browser/ui/views/overlay/overlay_window_views.cc",
       "//chrome/browser/ui/views/overlay/overlay_window_views.h",
       "//chrome/browser/ui/views/overlay/playback_image_button.cc",
@@ -275,11 +273,14 @@ static_library("chrome") {
       "//chrome/browser/ui/views/overlay/toggle_microphone_button.h",
       "//chrome/browser/ui/views/overlay/track_image_button.cc",
       "//chrome/browser/ui/views/overlay/track_image_button.h",
+      "//chrome/browser/ui/views/overlay/video_overlay_window_views.cc",
+      "//chrome/browser/ui/views/overlay/video_overlay_window_views.h",
     ]
 
     deps += [
       "//chrome/app/vector_icons",
       "//components/vector_icons:vector_icons",
+      "//ui/views/controls/webview",
     ]
   }
 
@@ -297,11 +298,21 @@ static_library("chrome") {
 
     if (enable_pdf_viewer) {
       sources += [
+        "//chrome/browser/pdf/chrome_pdf_stream_delegate.cc",
+        "//chrome/browser/pdf/chrome_pdf_stream_delegate.h",
         "//chrome/browser/pdf/pdf_extension_util.cc",
         "//chrome/browser/pdf/pdf_extension_util.h",
+        "//chrome/browser/pdf/pdf_frame_util.cc",
+        "//chrome/browser/pdf/pdf_frame_util.h",
+        "//chrome/browser/plugins/pdf_iframe_navigation_throttle.cc",
+        "//chrome/browser/plugins/pdf_iframe_navigation_throttle.h",
         "//chrome/renderer/pepper/chrome_pdf_print_client.cc",
         "//chrome/renderer/pepper/chrome_pdf_print_client.h",
       ]
+      deps += [
+        "//components/pdf/browser",
+        "//components/pdf/renderer",
+      ]
     }
   }
 
@@ -329,15 +340,6 @@ source_set("plugins") {
     "//chrome/browser/renderer_host/pepper/pepper_isolated_file_system_message_filter.cc",
     "//chrome/browser/renderer_host/pepper/pepper_isolated_file_system_message_filter.h",
   ]
-  deps += [
-    "//media:media_buildflags",
-    "//ppapi/buildflags",
-    "//ppapi/proxy:ipc",
-    "//services/device/public/mojom",
-  ]
-  if (enable_pdf_viewer) {
-    deps += [ "//components/pdf/browser" ]
-  }
 
   # renderer side
   sources += [
@@ -348,17 +350,18 @@ source_set("plugins") {
     "//chrome/renderer/pepper/pepper_shared_memory_message_filter.cc",
     "//chrome/renderer/pepper/pepper_shared_memory_message_filter.h",
   ]
-  if (enable_pdf_viewer) {
-    deps += [ "//components/pdf/renderer" ]
-  }
+
   deps += [
     "//components/strings",
     "//media:media_buildflags",
+    "//ppapi/buildflags",
     "//ppapi/host",
     "//ppapi/proxy",
     "//ppapi/proxy:ipc",
     "//ppapi/shared_impl",
+    "//services/device/public/mojom",
     "//skia",
+    "//storage/browser",
   ]
 }
 

docs/README.md

@@ -70,9 +70,6 @@ an issue:
   * [Windows Store](tutorial/windows-store-guide.md)
   * [Snapcraft](tutorial/snapcraft.md)
 * [Updates](tutorial/updates.md)
-  * [Deploying an Update Server](tutorial/updates.md#deploying-an-update-server)
-  * [Implementing Updates in Your App](tutorial/updates.md#implementing-updates-in-your-app)
-  * [Applying Updates](tutorial/updates.md#applying-updates)
 * [Getting Support](tutorial/support.md)
 
 ## Detailed Tutorials

docs/api/app.md

@@ -484,7 +484,6 @@ Returns:
 * `argv` string[] - An array of the second instance's command line arguments
 * `workingDirectory` string - The second instance's working directory
 * `additionalData` unknown - A JSON object of additional data passed from the second instance
-* `ackCallback` unknown - A function that can be used to send data back to the second instance
 
 This event will be emitted inside the primary instance of your application
 when a second instance has been executed and calls `app.requestSingleInstanceLock()`.
@@ -496,35 +495,12 @@ non-minimized.
 
 **Note:** If the second instance is started by a different user than the first, the `argv` array will not include the arguments.
 
-**Note:** `ackCallback` allows the user to send data back to the
-second instance during the `app.requestSingleInstanceLock()` flow.
-This callback can be used for cases where the second instance
-needs to obtain additional information from the first instance
-before quitting.
-
-Currently, the limit on the message size is kMaxMessageLength,
-or around 32kB. To be safe, keep the amount of data passed to 31kB at most.
-
-In order to call the callback, `event.preventDefault()` must be called, first.
-If the callback is not called in either case, `null` will be sent back.
-If `event.preventDefault()` is not called, but `ackCallback` is called
-by the user in the event, then the behaviour is undefined.
-
 This event is guaranteed to be emitted after the `ready` event of `app`
 gets emitted.
 
 **Note:** Extra command line arguments might be added by Chromium,
 such as `--original-process-start-time`.
 
-### Event: 'first-instance-ack'
-
-Returns:
-
-* `event` Event
-* `additionalData` unknown - A JSON object of additional data passed from the first instance, in response to the first instance's `second-instance` event.
-
-This event will be emitted within the second instance during the call to `app.requestSingleInstanceLock()`, when the first instance calls the `ackCallback` provided by the `second-instance` event handler.
-
 ## Methods
 
 The `app` object has the following methods:
@@ -861,6 +837,8 @@ Returns `Object`:
 
 * `categories` [JumpListCategory[]](structures/jump-list-category.md) | `null` - Array of `JumpListCategory` objects.
 
+Returns `string`
+
 Sets or removes a custom Jump List for the application, and returns one of the
 following strings:
 
@@ -983,13 +961,6 @@ starts:
 const { app } = require('electron')
 let myWindow = null
 
-app.on('first-instance-ack', (event, additionalData) => {
-  // Print out the ack received from the first instance.
-  // Note this event handler must come before the requestSingleInstanceLock call.
-  // Expected output: '{"myAckKey":"myAckValue"}'
-  console.log(JSON.stringify(additionalData))
-})
-
 const additionalData = { myKey: 'myValue' }
 const gotTheLock = app.requestSingleInstanceLock(additionalData)
 
@@ -997,19 +968,14 @@ if (!gotTheLock) {
   app.quit()
 } else {
   app.on('second-instance', (event, commandLine, workingDirectory, additionalData) => {
-    // We must call preventDefault if we're sending back data.
-    event.preventDefault()
     // Print out data received from the second instance.
-    // Expected output: '{"myKey":"myValue"}'
-    console.log(JSON.stringify(additionalData))
+    console.log(additionalData)
 
     // Someone tried to run a second instance, we should focus our window.
     if (myWindow) {
       if (myWindow.isMinimized()) myWindow.restore()
       myWindow.focus()
     }
-    const ackData = { myAckKey: 'myAckValue' }
-    ackCallback(ackData)
   })
 
   // Create myWindow, load the rest of the app, etc...

docs/api/browser-view.md

@@ -70,5 +70,31 @@ The `bounds` of this BrowserView instance as `Object`.
 
 #### `view.setBackgroundColor(color)` _Experimental_
 
-* `color` string - Color in `#aarrggbb` or `#argb` form. The alpha channel is
-  optional.
+* `color` string - Color in Hex, RGB, ARGB, HSL, HSLA or named CSS color format. The alpha channel is
+  optional for the hex type.
+
+Examples of valid `color` values:
+
+* Hex
+  * #fff (RGB)
+  * #ffff (ARGB)
+  * #ffffff (RRGGBB)
+  * #ffffffff (AARRGGBB)
+* RGB
+  * rgb\(([\d]+),\s*([\d]+),\s*([\d]+)\)
+    * e.g. rgb(255, 255, 255)
+* RGBA
+  * rgba\(([\d]+),\s*([\d]+),\s*([\d]+),\s*([\d.]+)\)
+    * e.g. rgba(255, 255, 255, 1.0)
+* HSL
+  * hsl\((-?[\d.]+),\s*([\d.]+)%,\s*([\d.]+)%\)
+    * e.g. hsl(200, 20%, 50%)
+* HSLA
+  * hsla\((-?[\d.]+),\s*([\d.]+)%,\s*([\d.]+)%,\s*([\d.]+)\)
+    * e.g. hsla(200, 20%, 50%, 0.5)
+* Color name
+  * Options are listed in [SkParseColor.cpp](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/skia/src/utils/SkParseColor.cpp;l=11-152;drc=eea4bf52cb0d55e2a39c828b017c80a5ee054148)
+  * Similar to CSS Color Module Level 3 keywords, but case-sensitive.
+    * e.g. `blueviolet` or `red`
+
+**Note:** Hex format with alpha takes `AARRGGBB` or `ARGB`, _not_ `RRGGBBA` or `RGA`.

docs/api/browser-window.md

@@ -66,6 +66,18 @@ win.loadURL('https://github.com')
 Note that even for apps that use `ready-to-show` event, it is still recommended
 to set `backgroundColor` to make app feel more native.
 
+Some examples of valid `backgroundColor` values include:
+
+```js
+const win = new BrowserWindow()
+win.setBackgroundColor('hsl(230, 100%, 50%)')
+win.setBackgroundColor('rgb(255, 145, 145)')
+win.setBackgroundColor('#ff00a3')
+win.setBackgroundColor('blueviolet')
+```
+
+For more information about these color types see valid options in [win.setBackgroundColor](browser-window.md#winsetbackgroundcolorbackgroundcolor).
+
 ## Parent and child windows
 
 By using `parent` option, you can create child windows:
@@ -199,9 +211,7 @@ It creates a new `BrowserWindow` with native properties as set by the `options`.
   * `enableLargerThanScreen` boolean (optional) - Enable the window to be resized larger
     than screen. Only relevant for macOS, as other OSes allow
     larger-than-screen windows by default. Default is `false`.
-  * `backgroundColor` string (optional) - Window's background color as a hexadecimal value,
-    like `#66CD00` or `#FFF` or `#80FFFFFF` (alpha in #AARRGGBB format is supported if
-    `transparent` is set to `true`). Default is `#FFF` (white).
+  * `backgroundColor` string (optional) - The window's background color in Hex, RGB, RGBA, HSL, HSLA or named CSS color format. Alpha in #AARRGGBB format is supported if `transparent` is set to `true`. Default is `#FFF` (white). See [win.setBackgroundColor](browser-window.md#winsetbackgroundcolorbackgroundcolor) for more information.
   * `hasShadow` boolean (optional) - Whether window should have a shadow. Default is `true`.
   * `opacity` number (optional) - Set the initial opacity of the window, between 0.0 (fully
     transparent) and 1.0 (fully opaque). This is only implemented on Windows and macOS.
@@ -454,7 +464,7 @@ window.onbeforeunload = (e) => {
   // a non-void value will silently cancel the close.
   // It is recommended to use the dialog API to let the user confirm closing the
   // application.
-  e.returnValue = false // equivalent to `return false` but not recommended
+  e.returnValue = false
 }
 ```
 
@@ -992,12 +1002,33 @@ APIs like `win.setSize`.
 
 #### `win.setBackgroundColor(backgroundColor)`
 
-* `backgroundColor` string - Window's background color as a hexadecimal value,
-  like `#66CD00` or `#FFF` or `#80FFFFFF` (alpha is supported if `transparent`
-  is `true`). Default is `#FFF` (white).
+* `backgroundColor` string - Color in Hex, RGB, RGBA, HSL, HSLA or named CSS color format. The alpha channel is optional for the hex type.
 
-Sets the background color of the window. See [Setting
-`backgroundColor`](#setting-the-backgroundcolor-property).
+Examples of valid `backgroundColor` values:
+
+* Hex
+  * #fff (shorthand RGB)
+  * #ffff (shorthand ARGB)
+  * #ffffff (RGB)
+  * #ffffffff (ARGB)
+* RGB
+  * rgb\(([\d]+),\s*([\d]+),\s*([\d]+)\)
+    * e.g. rgb(255, 255, 255)
+* RGBA
+  * rgba\(([\d]+),\s*([\d]+),\s*([\d]+),\s*([\d.]+)\)
+    * e.g. rgba(255, 255, 255, 1.0)
+* HSL
+  * hsl\((-?[\d.]+),\s*([\d.]+)%,\s*([\d.]+)%\)
+    * e.g. hsl(200, 20%, 50%)
+* HSLA
+  * hsla\((-?[\d.]+),\s*([\d.]+)%,\s*([\d.]+)%,\s*([\d.]+)\)
+    * e.g. hsla(200, 20%, 50%, 0.5)
+* Color name
+  * Options are listed in [SkParseColor.cpp](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/skia/src/utils/SkParseColor.cpp;l=11-152;drc=eea4bf52cb0d55e2a39c828b017c80a5ee054148)
+  * Similar to CSS Color Module Level 3 keywords, but case-sensitive.
+    * e.g. `blueviolet` or `red`
+
+Sets the background color of the window. See [Setting `backgroundColor`](#setting-the-backgroundcolor-property).
 
 #### `win.previewFile(path[, displayName])` _macOS_
 
@@ -1041,8 +1072,11 @@ Returns [`Rectangle`](structures/rectangle.md) - The `bounds` of the window as `
 
 #### `win.getBackgroundColor()`
 
-Returns `string` - Gets the background color of the window. See [Setting
-`backgroundColor`](#setting-the-backgroundcolor-property).
+Returns `string` - Gets the background color of the window in Hex (`#RRGGBB`) format.
+
+See [Setting `backgroundColor`](#setting-the-backgroundcolor-property).
+
+**Note:** The alpha value is _not_ returned alongside the red, green, and blue values.
 
 #### `win.setContentBounds(bounds[, animate])`
 
@@ -1808,6 +1842,16 @@ with `addBrowserView` or `setBrowserView`.
 **Note:** The BrowserView API is currently experimental and may change or be
 removed in future Electron releases.
 
+#### `win.setTitleBarOverlay(options)` _Windows_
+
+* `options` Object
+  * `color` String (optional) _Windows_ - The CSS color of the Window Controls Overlay when enabled.
+  * `symbolColor` String (optional) _Windows_ - The CSS color of the symbols on the Window Controls Overlay when enabled.
+  * `height` Integer (optional) _Windows_ - The height of the title bar and Window Controls Overlay in pixels.
+
+On a Window with Window Controls Overlay already enabled, this method updates
+the style of the title bar overlay.
+
 [runtime-enabled-features]: https://cs.chromium.org/chromium/src/third_party/blink/renderer/platform/runtime_enabled_features.json5?l=70
 [page-visibility-api]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Page_Visibility_API
 [quick-look]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quick_Look

docs/api/extensions.md

@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ Only `chrome.storage.local` is supported; `chrome.storage.sync` and
 The following methods of `chrome.tabs` are supported:
 
 - `chrome.tabs.sendMessage`
+- `chrome.tabs.reload`
 - `chrome.tabs.executeScript`
 - `chrome.tabs.update` (partial support)
   - supported properties: `url`, `muted`.

docs/api/native-theme.md

@@ -67,3 +67,8 @@ or is being instructed to show a high-contrast UI.
 
 A `boolean` for if the OS / Chromium currently has an inverted color scheme
 or is being instructed to use an inverted color scheme.
+
+### `nativeTheme.inForcedColorsMode` _Windows_ _Readonly_
+
+A `boolean` indicating whether Chromium is in forced colors mode, controlled by system accessibility settings.
+Currently, Windows high contrast is the only system setting that triggers forced colors mode.

docs/api/process.md

@@ -178,7 +178,6 @@ Returns an object with V8 heap statistics. Note that all statistics are reported
 Returns `Object`:
 
 * `allocated` Integer - Size of all allocated objects in Kilobytes.
-* `marked` Integer - Size of all marked objects in Kilobytes.
 * `total` Integer - Total allocated space in Kilobytes.
 
 Returns an object with Blink memory information.

docs/api/safe-storage.md

@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ The `safeStorage` module has the following methods:
 
 Returns `boolean` - Whether encryption is available.
 
-On Linux, returns true if the secret key is
-available. On MacOS, returns true if Keychain is available.
-On Windows, returns true with no other preconditions.
+On Linux, returns true if the app has emitted the `ready` event and the secret key is available.
+On MacOS, returns true if Keychain is available.
+On Windows, returns true once the app has emitted the `ready` event.
 
 ### `safeStorage.encryptString(plainText)`
 

docs/api/session.md

@@ -868,6 +868,20 @@ this session just before normal `preload` scripts run.
 Returns `string[]` an array of paths to preload scripts that have been
 registered.
 
+#### `ses.setCodeCachePath(path)`
+
+* `path` String - Absolute path to store the v8 generated JS code cache from the renderer.
+
+Sets the directory to store the generated JS [code cache](https://v8.dev/blog/code-caching-for-devs) for this session. The directory is not required to be created by the user before this call, the runtime will create if it does not exist otherwise will use the existing directory. If directory cannot be created, then code cache will not be used and all operations related to code cache will fail silently inside the runtime. By default, the directory will be `Code Cache` under the
+respective user data folder.
+
+#### `ses.clearCodeCaches(options)`
+
+* `options` Object
+  * `urls` String[] (optional) - An array of url corresponding to the resource whose generated code cache needs to be removed. If the list is empty then all entries in the cache directory will be removed.
+
+Returns `Promise<void>` - resolves when the code cache clear operation is complete.
+
 #### `ses.setSpellCheckerEnabled(enable)`
 
 * `enable` boolean

docs/api/system-preferences.md

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ that contains the user information dictionary sent along with the notification.
 
 ### `systemPreferences.subscribeNotification(event, callback)` _macOS_
 
-* `event` string
+* `event` string | null
 * `callback` Function
   * `event` string
   * `userInfo` Record<string, unknown>
@@ -109,9 +109,11 @@ example values of `event` are:
 * `AppleColorPreferencesChangedNotification`
 * `AppleShowScrollBarsSettingChanged`
 
+If `event` is null, the `NSDistributedNotificationCenter` doesn’t use it as criteria for delivery to the observer. See [docs](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nsnotificationcenter/1411723-addobserverforname?language=objc)  for more information.
+
 ### `systemPreferences.subscribeLocalNotification(event, callback)` _macOS_
 
-* `event` string
+* `event` string | null
 * `callback` Function
   * `event` string
   * `userInfo` Record<string, unknown>
@@ -122,9 +124,11 @@ Returns `number` - The ID of this subscription
 Same as `subscribeNotification`, but uses `NSNotificationCenter` for local defaults.
 This is necessary for events such as `NSUserDefaultsDidChangeNotification`.
 
+If `event` is null, the `NSNotificationCenter` doesn’t use it as criteria for delivery to the observer. See [docs](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nsnotificationcenter/1411723-addobserverforname?language=objc) for more information.
+
 ### `systemPreferences.subscribeWorkspaceNotification(event, callback)` _macOS_
 
-* `event` string
+* `event` string | null
 * `callback` Function
   * `event` string
   * `userInfo` Record<string, unknown>
@@ -135,6 +139,8 @@ Returns `number` - The ID of this subscription
 Same as `subscribeNotification`, but uses `NSWorkspace.sharedWorkspace.notificationCenter`.
 This is necessary for events such as `NSWorkspaceDidActivateApplicationNotification`.
 
+If `event` is null, the `NSWorkspaceNotificationCenter` doesn’t use it as criteria for delivery to the observer. See [docs](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nsnotificationcenter/1411723-addobserverforname?language=objc) for more information.
+
 ### `systemPreferences.unsubscribeNotification(id)` _macOS_
 
 * `id` Integer

docs/api/web-contents.md

@@ -516,6 +516,15 @@ Emitted when the `WebContents` loses focus.
 
 Emitted when the `WebContents` gains focus.
 
+Note that on macOS, having focus means the `WebContents` is the first responder
+of window, so switching focus between windows would not trigger the `focus` and
+`blur` events of `WebContents`, as the first responder of each window is not
+changed.
+
+The `focus` and `blur` events of `WebContents` should only be used to detect
+focus change between different `WebContents` and `BrowserView` in the same
+window.
+
 #### Event: 'devtools-opened'
 
 Emitted when DevTools is opened.
@@ -1092,7 +1101,7 @@ Returns `string` - The user agent for this web page.
 
 * `css` string
 * `options` Object (optional)
-  * `cssOrigin` string (optional) - Can be either 'user' or 'author'; Specifying 'user' enables you to prevent websites from overriding the CSS you insert. Default is 'author'.
+  * `cssOrigin` string (optional) - Can be either 'user' or 'author'. Sets the [cascade origin](https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-cascade/#cascade-origin) of the inserted stylesheet. Default is 'author'.
 
 Returns `Promise<string>` - A promise that resolves with a key for the inserted CSS that can later be used to remove the CSS via `contents.removeInsertedCSS(key)`.
 
@@ -1629,6 +1638,8 @@ Opens the devtools.
 When `contents` is a `<webview>` tag, the `mode` would be `detach` by default,
 explicitly passing an empty `mode` can force using last used dock state.
 
+On Windows, if Windows Control Overlay is enabled, Devtools will be opened with `mode: 'detach'`.
+
 #### `contents.closeDevTools()`
 
 Closes the devtools.
@@ -1847,7 +1858,7 @@ the cursor when dragging.
 
 #### `contents.savePage(fullPath, saveType)`
 
-* `fullPath` string - The full file path.
+* `fullPath` string - The absolute file path.
 * `saveType` string - Specify the save type.
   * `HTMLOnly` - Save only the HTML of the page.
   * `HTMLComplete` - Save complete-html page.

docs/api/web-frame-main.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ win.loadURL('https://twitter.com')
 
 win.webContents.on(
   'did-frame-navigate',
-  (event, url, isMainFrame, frameProcessId, frameRoutingId) => {
+  (event, url, httpResponseCode, httpStatusText, isMainFrame, frameProcessId, frameRoutingId) => {
     const frame = webFrameMain.fromId(frameProcessId, frameRoutingId)
     if (frame) {
       const code = 'document.body.innerHTML = document.body.innerHTML.replaceAll("heck", "h*ck")'

docs/api/web-frame.md

@@ -110,9 +110,11 @@ webFrame.setSpellCheckProvider('en-US', {
 })
 ```
 
-### `webFrame.insertCSS(css)`
+#### `webFrame.insertCSS(css[, options])`
 
-* `css` string - CSS source code.
+* `css` string
+* `options` Object (optional)
+  * `cssOrigin` string (optional) - Can be either 'user' or 'author'. Sets the [cascade origin](https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-cascade/#cascade-origin) of the inserted stylesheet. Default is 'author'.
 
 Returns `string` - A key for the inserted CSS that can later be used to remove
 the CSS via `webFrame.removeInsertedCSS(key)`.

docs/breaking-changes.md

@@ -12,6 +12,32 @@ This document uses the following convention to categorize breaking changes:
 * **Deprecated:** An API was marked as deprecated. The API will continue to function, but will emit a deprecation warning, and will be removed in a future release.
 * **Removed:** An API or feature was removed, and is no longer supported by Electron.
 
+## Planned Breaking API Changes (20.0)
+
+### Default Changed: renderers without `nodeIntegration: true` are sandboxed by default
+
+Previously, renderers that specified a preload script defaulted to being
+unsandboxed. This meant that by default, preload scripts had access to Node.js.
+In Electron 20, this default has changed. Beginning in Electron 20, renderers
+will be sandboxed by default, unless `nodeIntegration: true` or `sandbox: false`
+is specified.
+
+If your preload scripts do not depend on Node, no action is needed. If your
+preload scripts _do_ depend on Node, either refactor them to remove Node usage
+from the renderer, or explicitly specify `sandbox: false` for the relevant
+renderers.
+
+### Removed: `skipTaskbar` on Linux
+
+On X11, `skipTaskbar` sends a `_NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_TASKBAR` message to the X11
+window manager. There is not a direct equivalent for Wayland, and the known
+workarounds have unacceptable tradeoffs (e.g. Window.is_skip_taskbar in GNOME
+requires unsafe mode), so Electron is unable to support this feature on Linux.
+
+## Planned Breaking API Changes (19.0)
+
+*None (yet)*
+
 ## Planned Breaking API Changes (18.0)
 
 ### Removed: `nativeWindowOpen`

docs/development/build-instructions-linux.md

@@ -7,21 +7,7 @@ Follow the guidelines below for building **Electron itself** on Linux, for the p
 ## Prerequisites
 
 * At least 25GB disk space and 8GB RAM.
-* Python 2.7.x. Some distributions like CentOS 6.x still use Python 2.6.x
-  so you may need to check your Python version with `python -V`.
-
-  Please also ensure that your system and Python version support at least TLS 1.2.
-  For a quick test, run the following script:
-
-  ```sh
-  $ npx @electron/check-python-tls
-  ```
-
-  If the script returns that your configuration is using an outdated security
-  protocol, use your system's package manager to update Python to the latest
-  version in the 2.7.x branch. Alternatively, visit https://www.python.org/downloads/
-  for detailed instructions.
-
+* Python >= 3.7.
 * Node.js. There are various ways to install Node. You can download
   source code from [nodejs.org](https://nodejs.org) and compile it.
   Doing so permits installing Node on your own home directory as a standard user.

docs/development/build-instructions-macos.md

@@ -6,45 +6,12 @@ Follow the guidelines below for building **Electron itself** on macOS, for the p
 
 ## Prerequisites
 
-* macOS >= 10.11.6
-* [Xcode](https://developer.apple.com/technologies/tools/) >= 9.0.0
+* macOS >= 11.6.0
+* [Xcode](https://developer.apple.com/technologies/tools/). The exact version
+  needed depends on what branch you are building, but the latest version of
+  Xcode is generally a good bet for building `main`.
 * [node.js](https://nodejs.org) (external)
-* Python 2.7 with support for TLS 1.2
-
-## Python
-
-Please also ensure that your system and Python version support at least TLS 1.2.
-This depends on both your version of macOS and Python. For a quick test, run:
-
-```sh
-$ npx @electron/check-python-tls
-```
-
-If the script returns that your configuration is using an outdated security
-protocol, you can either update macOS to High Sierra or install a new version
-of Python 2.7.x. To upgrade Python, use [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/):
-
-```sh
-$ brew install python@2 && brew link python@2 --force
-```
-
-If you are using Python as provided by Homebrew, you also need to install
-the following Python modules:
-
-* [pyobjc](https://pypi.org/project/pyobjc/#description)
-
-You can use `pip` to install it:
-
-```sh
-$ pip install pyobjc
-```
-
-## macOS SDK
-
-If you're developing Electron and don't plan to redistribute your
-custom Electron build, you may skip this section.
-
-Official Electron builds are built with [Xcode 12.2](https://download.developer.apple.com/Developer_Tools/Xcode_12.2/Xcode_12.2.xip), and the macOS 11.0 SDK. Building with a newer SDK works too, but the releases currently use the 11.0 SDK.
+* Python >= 3.7
 
 ## Building Electron
 

docs/development/coding-style.md

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ For C++ and Python, we follow Chromium's [Coding
 Style](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/styleguide/styleguide.md).
 There is also a script `script/cpplint.py` to check whether all files conform.
 
-The Python version we are using now is Python 2.7.
+The Python version we are using now is Python 3.9.
 
 The C++ code uses a lot of Chromium's abstractions and types, so it's
 recommended to get acquainted with them. A good place to start is

docs/development/pull-requests.md

@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ $ git push origin my-branch
 ### Step 9: Opening the Pull Request
 
 From within GitHub, opening a new pull request will present you with a template
-that should be filled out. It can be found [here](../../.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md).
+that should be filled out. It can be found [here](https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/main/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md).
 
 If you do not adequately complete this template, your PR may be delayed in being merged as maintainers
 seek more information or clarify ambiguities.

docs/fiddles/ipc/pattern-1/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <!-- https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP -->
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'">
+    <title>Hello World!</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    Title: <input id="title"/>
+    <button id="btn" type="button">Set</button>
+    <script src="./renderer.js"></script>
+  </body>
+</html>

docs/fiddles/ipc/pattern-1/main.js

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+const {app, BrowserWindow, ipcMain} = require('electron')
+const path = require('path')
+
+function createWindow () {
+  const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
+    webPreferences: {
+      preload: path.join(__dirname, 'preload.js')
+    }
+  })
+
+  ipcMain.on('set-title', (event, title) => {
+    const webContents = event.sender
+    const win = BrowserWindow.fromWebContents(webContents)
+    win.setTitle(title)
+  })
+
+  mainWindow.loadFile('index.html')
+}
+
+app.whenReady().then(() => {
+  createWindow()
+  
+  app.on('activate', function () {
+    if (BrowserWindow.getAllWindows().length === 0) createWindow()
+  })
+})
+
+app.on('window-all-closed', function () {
+  if (process.platform !== 'darwin') app.quit()
+})

docs/fiddles/ipc/pattern-1/preload.js

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+const { contextBridge, ipcRenderer } = require('electron')
+
+contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('electronAPI', {
+    setTitle: (title) => ipcRenderer.send('set-title', title)
+})

docs/fiddles/ipc/pattern-1/renderer.js

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+const setButton = document.getElementById('btn')
+const titleInput = document.getElementById('title')
+setButton.addEventListener('click', () => {
+    const title = titleInput.value
+    window.electronAPI.setTitle(title)
+});

docs/fiddles/ipc/pattern-2/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <!-- https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP -->
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'">
+    <title>Dialog</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <button type="button" id="btn">Open a File</button>
+    File path: <strong id="filePath"></strong>
+    <script src='./renderer.js'></script>
+  </body>
+</html>

docs/fiddles/ipc/pattern-2/main.js

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+const {app, BrowserWindow, ipcMain, dialog} = require('electron')
+const path = require('path')
+
+async function handleFileOpen() {
+  const { canceled, filePaths } = await dialog.showOpenDialog()
+  if (canceled) {
+    return
+  } else {
+    return filePaths[0]
+  }
+}
+
+function createWindow () {
+  const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
+    webPreferences: {
+      preload: path.join(__dirname, 'preload.js')
+    }
+  })
+  mainWindow.loadFile('index.html')
+}
+
+app.whenReady().then(() => {
+  ipcMain.handle('dialog:openFile', handleFileOpen)
+  createWindow()
+  app.on('activate', function () {
+    if (BrowserWindow.getAllWindows().length === 0) createWindow()
+  })
+})
+
+app.on('window-all-closed', function () {
+  if (process.platform !== 'darwin') app.quit()
+})

docs/fiddles/ipc/pattern-2/preload.js

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+const { contextBridge, ipcRenderer } = require('electron')
+
+contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('electronAPI',{
+  openFile: () => ipcRenderer.invoke('dialog:openFile')
+})

docs/fiddles/ipc/pattern-2/renderer.js

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+const btn = document.getElementById('btn')
+const filePathElement = document.getElementById('filePath')
+
+btn.addEventListener('click', async () => {
+  const filePath = await window.electronAPI.openFile()
+  filePathElement.innerText = filePath
+})

docs/fiddles/ipc/pattern-3/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <!-- https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP -->
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'">
+    <title>Menu Counter</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    Current value: <strong id="counter">0</strong>
+    <script src="./renderer.js"></script>
+  </body>
+</html>

docs/fiddles/ipc/pattern-3/main.js

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+const {app, BrowserWindow, Menu, ipcMain} = require('electron')
+const path = require('path')
+
+function createWindow () {
+  const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
+    webPreferences: {
+      preload: path.join(__dirname, 'preload.js')
+    }
+  })
+
+  const menu = Menu.buildFromTemplate([
+    {
+      label: app.name,
+      submenu: [
+      {
+        click: () => mainWindow.webContents.send('update-counter', 1),
+        label: 'Increment',
+      },
+      {
+        click: () => mainWindow.webContents.send('update-counter', -1),
+        label: 'Decrement',
+      }
+      ]
+    }
+
+  ])
+
+  Menu.setApplicationMenu(menu)
+  mainWindow.loadFile('index.html')
+
+  // Open the DevTools.
+  mainWindow.webContents.openDevTools()
+}
+
+app.whenReady().then(() => {
+  ipcMain.on('counter-value', (_event, value) => {
+    console.log(value) // will print value to Node console
+  })
+  createWindow()
+  
+  app.on('activate', function () {
+    if (BrowserWindow.getAllWindows().length === 0) createWindow()
+  })
+})
+
+app.on('window-all-closed', function () {
+  if (process.platform !== 'darwin') app.quit()
+})

docs/fiddles/ipc/pattern-3/preload.js

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+const { contextBridge, ipcRenderer } = require('electron')
+
+contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('electronAPI', {
+  handleCounter: (callback) => ipcRenderer.on('update-counter', callback)
+})

docs/fiddles/ipc/pattern-3/renderer.js

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+const counter = document.getElementById('counter')
+
+window.electronAPI.handleCounter((event, value) => {
+    const oldValue = Number(counter.innerText)
+    const newValue = oldValue + value
+    counter.innerText = newValue
+    event.sender.send('counter-value', newValue)
+})

docs/fiddles/tutorial-first-app/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <meta
+      http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy"
+      content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'"
+    />
+    <meta
+      http-equiv="X-Content-Security-Policy"
+      content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'"
+    />
+    <title>Hello from Electron renderer!</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>Hello from Electron renderer!</h1>
+    <p>👋</p>
+    <p id="info"></p>
+  </body>
+  <script src="./renderer.js"></script>
+</html>

docs/fiddles/tutorial-first-app/main.js

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+const { app, BrowserWindow } = require('electron');
+
+const createWindow = () => {
+  const win = new BrowserWindow({
+    width: 800,
+    height: 600,
+  });
+
+  win.loadFile('index.html');
+};
+
+app.whenReady().then(() => {
+  createWindow();
+
+  app.on('activate', () => {
+    if (BrowserWindow.getAllWindows().length === 0) {
+      createWindow();
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+app.on('window-all-closed', () => {
+  if (process.platform !== 'darwin') {
+    app.quit();
+  }
+});

docs/fiddles/tutorial-preload/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <meta
+      http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy"
+      content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'"
+    />
+    <meta
+      http-equiv="X-Content-Security-Policy"
+      content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'"
+    />
+    <title>Hello from Electron renderer!</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>Hello from Electron renderer!</h1>
+    <p>👋</p>
+    <p id="info"></p>
+  </body>
+  <script src="./renderer.js"></script>
+</html>

docs/fiddles/tutorial-preload/main.js

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+const { app, BrowserWindow } = require('electron');
+const path = require('path');
+
+const createWindow = () => {
+  const win = new BrowserWindow({
+    width: 800,
+    height: 600,
+    webPreferences: {
+      preload: path.join(__dirname, 'preload.js'),
+    },
+  });
+
+  win.loadFile('index.html');
+};
+
+app.whenReady().then(() => {
+  createWindow();
+
+  app.on('activate', () => {
+    if (BrowserWindow.getAllWindows().length === 0) {
+      createWindow();
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+app.on('window-all-closed', () => {
+  if (process.platform !== 'darwin') {
+    app.quit();
+  }
+});

docs/fiddles/tutorial-preload/preload.js

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+const { contextBridge } = require('electron');
+
+contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('versions', {
+  node: () => process.versions.node,
+  chrome: () => process.versions.chrome,
+  electron: () => process.versions.electron,
+});

docs/fiddles/tutorial-preload/renderer.js

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+const information = document.getElementById('info');
+information.innerText = `This app is using Chrome (v${versions.chrome()}), Node.js (v${versions.node()}), and Electron (v${versions.electron()})`;

docs/tutorial/application-distribution.md

@@ -1,26 +1,26 @@
-# Application Distribution
+---
+title: 'Application Packaging'
+description: 'To distribute your app with Electron, you need to package and rebrand it. To do this, you can either use specialized tooling or manual approaches.'
+slug: application-distribution
+hide_title: false
+---
 
-## Overview
-
-To distribute your app with Electron, you need to package and rebrand it.
-To do this, you can either use specialized tooling or manual approaches.
+To distribute your app with Electron, you need to package and rebrand it. To do this, you
+can either use specialized tooling or manual approaches.
 
 ## With tooling
 
-You can use the following tools to distribute your application:
+There are a couple tools out there that exist to package and distribute your Electron app.
+We recommend using [Electron Forge](https://www.electronforge.io). You can check out
+its documentation directly, or refer to the [Packaging and Distribution](./tutorial-5-packaging.md)
+part of the Electron tutorial.
 
-* [electron-forge](https://github.com/electron-userland/electron-forge)
-* [electron-builder](https://github.com/electron-userland/electron-builder)
-* [electron-packager](https://github.com/electron/electron-packager)
+## Manual packaging
 
-These tools will take care of all the steps you need to take to end up with a
-distributable Electron application, such as bundling your application,
-rebranding the executable, and setting the right icons.
+If you prefer the manual approach, there are 2 ways to distribute your application:
 
-You can check the example of how to package your app with `electron-forge` in
-the [Quick Start guide](quick-start.md#package-and-distribute-your-application).
-
-## Manual distribution
+- With prebuilt binaries
+- With an app source code archive
 
 ### With prebuilt binaries
 
@@ -29,21 +29,19 @@ binaries](https://github.com/electron/electron/releases). Next, the folder
 containing your app should be named `app` and placed in Electron's resources
 directory as shown in the following examples.
 
-> *NOTE:* the location of Electron's prebuilt binaries is indicated
+:::note
+The location of Electron's prebuilt binaries is indicated
 with `electron/` in the examples below.
+:::
 
-*On macOS:*
-
-```plaintext
+```plain title='macOS'
 electron/Electron.app/Contents/Resources/app/
 ├── package.json
 ├── main.js
 └── index.html
 ```
 
-*On Windows and Linux:*
-
-```plaintext
+```plain title='Windows and Linux'
 electron/resources/app
 ├── package.json
 ├── main.js
@@ -54,7 +52,7 @@ Then execute `Electron.app` on macOS, `electron` on Linux, or `electron.exe`
 on Windows, and Electron will start as your app. The `electron` directory
 will then be your distribution to deliver to users.
 
-### With an app source code archive
+### With an app source code archive (asar)
 
 Instead of shipping your app by copying all of its source files, you can
 package your app into an [asar] archive to improve the performance of reading
@@ -65,16 +63,12 @@ To use an `asar` archive to replace the `app` folder, you need to rename the
 archive to `app.asar`, and put it under Electron's resources directory like
 below, and Electron will then try to read the archive and start from it.
 
-*On macOS:*
-
-```plaintext
+```plain title='macOS'
 electron/Electron.app/Contents/Resources/
 └── app.asar
 ```
 
-*On Windows and Linux:*
-
-```plaintext
+```plain title='Windows'
 electron/resources/
 └── app.asar
 ```
@@ -87,47 +81,44 @@ You can find more details on how to use `asar` in the
 After bundling your app into Electron, you will want to rebrand Electron
 before distributing it to users.
 
-#### macOS
+- **Windows:** You can rename `electron.exe` to any name you like, and edit
+  its icon and other information with tools like [rcedit](https://github.com/electron/rcedit).
+- **Linux:** You can rename the `electron` executable to any name you like.
+- **macOS:** You can rename `Electron.app` to any name you want, and you also have to rename
+  the `CFBundleDisplayName`, `CFBundleIdentifier` and `CFBundleName` fields in the
+  following files:
 
-You can rename `Electron.app` to any name you want, and you also have to rename
-the `CFBundleDisplayName`, `CFBundleIdentifier` and `CFBundleName` fields in the
-following files:
+  - `Electron.app/Contents/Info.plist`
+  - `Electron.app/Contents/Frameworks/Electron Helper.app/Contents/Info.plist`
 
-* `Electron.app/Contents/Info.plist`
-* `Electron.app/Contents/Frameworks/Electron Helper.app/Contents/Info.plist`
+  You can also rename the helper app to avoid showing `Electron Helper` in the
+  Activity Monitor, but make sure you have renamed the helper app's executable
+  file's name.
 
-You can also rename the helper app to avoid showing `Electron Helper` in the
-Activity Monitor, but make sure you have renamed the helper app's executable
-file's name.
+  The structure of a renamed app would be like:
 
-The structure of a renamed app would be like:
-
-```plaintext
+```plain
 MyApp.app/Contents
 ├── Info.plist
 ├── MacOS/
-│   └── MyApp
+│   └── MyApp
 └── Frameworks/
     └── MyApp Helper.app
         ├── Info.plist
         └── MacOS/
-            └── MyApp Helper
+            └── MyApp Helper
 ```
 
-#### Windows
+:::note
 
-You can rename `electron.exe` to any name you like, and edit its icon and other
-information with tools like [rcedit](https://github.com/electron/rcedit).
-
-#### Linux
-
-You can rename the `electron` executable to any name you like.
-
-### Rebranding by rebuilding Electron from source
-
-It is also possible to rebrand Electron by changing the product name and
+it is also possible to rebrand Electron by changing the product name and
 building it from source. To do this you need to set the build argument
 corresponding to the product name (`electron_product_name = "YourProductName"`)
 in the `args.gn` file and rebuild.
 
+Keep in mind this is not recommended as setting up the environment to compile
+from source is not trivial and takes significant time.
+
+:::
+
 [asar]: https://github.com/electron/asar

docs/tutorial/code-signing.md

@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
-# Code Signing
+---
+title: 'Code Signing'
+description: 'Code signing is a security technology that you use to certify that an app was created by you.'
+slug: code-signing
+hide_title: false
+---
 
 Code signing is a security technology that you use to certify that an app was
-created by you.
+created by you. You should sign your application so it does not trigger any
+operating system security checks.
 
-On macOS the system can detect any change to the app, whether the change is
+On macOS, the system can detect any change to the app, whether the change is
 introduced accidentally or by malicious code.
 
 On Windows, the system assigns a trust level to your code signing certificate
 which if you don't have, or if your trust level is low, will cause security
-dialogs to appear when users start using your application.  Trust level builds
+dialogs to appear when users start using your application. Trust level builds
 over time so it's better to start code signing as early as possible.
 
 While it is possible to distribute unsigned apps, it is not recommended. Both
@@ -16,20 +22,19 @@ Windows and macOS will, by default, prevent either the download or the execution
 of unsigned applications. Starting with macOS Catalina (version 10.15), users
 have to go through multiple manual steps to open unsigned applications.
 
-![macOS Catalina Gatekeeper warning: The app cannot be opened because the
-developer cannot be verified](../images/gatekeeper.png)
+![macOS Catalina Gatekeeper warning: The app cannot be opened because the developer cannot be verified](../images/gatekeeper.png)
 
 As you can see, users get two options: Move the app straight to the trash or
 cancel running it. You don't want your users to see that dialog.
 
 If you are building an Electron app that you intend to package and distribute,
-it should be code-signed.
+it should be code signed.
 
-# Signing & notarizing macOS builds
+## Signing & notarizing macOS builds
 
-Properly preparing macOS applications for release requires two steps: First, the
-app needs to be code-signed. Then, the app needs to be uploaded to Apple for a
-process called "notarization", where automated systems will further verify that
+Properly preparing macOS applications for release requires two steps. First, the
+app needs to be code signed. Then, the app needs to be uploaded to Apple for a
+process called **notarization**, where automated systems will further verify that
 your app isn't doing anything to endanger its users.
 
 To start the process, ensure that you fulfill the requirements for signing and
@@ -42,18 +47,18 @@ notarizing your app:
 Electron's ecosystem favors configuration and freedom, so there are multiple
 ways to get your application signed and notarized.
 
-## `electron-forge`
+### Using Electron Forge
 
 If you're using Electron's favorite build tool, getting your application signed
 and notarized requires a few additions to your configuration. [Forge](https://electronforge.io) is a
 collection of the official Electron tools, using [`electron-packager`],
 [`electron-osx-sign`], and [`electron-notarize`] under the hood.
 
-Let's take a look at an example configuration with all required fields. Not all
-of them are required: the tools will be clever enough to automatically find a
-suitable `identity`, for instance, but we recommend that you are explicit.
+Let's take a look at an example `package.json` configuration with all required fields. Not all of them are
+required: the tools will be clever enough to automatically find a suitable `identity`, for instance,
+but we recommend that you are explicit.
 
-```json
+```json title="package.json" {7}
 {
   "name": "my-app",
   "version": "0.0.1",
@@ -69,7 +74,7 @@ suitable `identity`, for instance, but we recommend that you are explicit.
         },
         "osxNotarize": {
           "appleId": "felix@felix.fun",
-          "appleIdPassword": "my-apple-id-password",
+          "appleIdPassword": "my-apple-id-password"
         }
       }
     }
@@ -77,11 +82,11 @@ suitable `identity`, for instance, but we recommend that you are explicit.
 }
 ```
 
-The `plist` file referenced here needs the following macOS-specific entitlements
+The `entitlements.plist` file referenced here needs the following macOS-specific entitlements
 to assure the Apple security mechanisms that your app is doing these things
 without meaning any harm:
 
-```xml
+```xml title="entitlements.plist"
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
 <plist version="1.0">
@@ -104,7 +109,7 @@ file](https://github.com/electron/fiddle/blob/master/forge.config.js).
 If you plan to access the microphone or camera within your app using Electron's APIs, you'll also
 need to add the following entitlements:
 
-```xml
+```xml title="entitlements.plist"
 <key>com.apple.security.device.audio-input</key>
 <true/>
 <key>com.apple.security.device.camera</key>
@@ -113,28 +118,26 @@ need to add the following entitlements:
 
 If these are not present in your app's entitlements when you invoke, for example:
 
-```js
+```js title="main.js"
 const { systemPreferences } = require('electron')
-
 const microphone = systemPreferences.askForMediaAccess('microphone')
 ```
 
 Your app may crash. See the Resource Access section in [Hardened Runtime](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/hardened_runtime) for more information and entitlements you may need.
 
-## `electron-builder`
+### Using Electron Builder
 
 Electron Builder comes with a custom solution for signing your application. You
 can find [its documentation here](https://www.electron.build/code-signing).
 
-## `electron-packager`
+### Using Electron Packager
 
 If you're not using an integrated build pipeline like Forge or Builder, you
 are likely using [`electron-packager`], which includes [`electron-osx-sign`] and
 [`electron-notarize`].
 
 If you're using Packager's API, you can pass [in configuration that both signs
-and notarizes your
-application](https://electron.github.io/electron-packager/main/interfaces/electronpackager.options.html).
+and notarizes your application](https://electron.github.io/electron-packager/main/interfaces/electronpackager.options.html).
 
 ```js
 const packager = require('electron-packager')
@@ -155,11 +158,11 @@ packager({
 })
 ```
 
-The `plist` file referenced here needs the following macOS-specific entitlements
+The `entitlements.plist` file referenced here needs the following macOS-specific entitlements
 to assure the Apple security mechanisms that your app is doing these things
 without meaning any harm:
 
-```xml
+```xml title="entitlements.plist"
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
 <plist version="1.0">
@@ -175,11 +178,11 @@ without meaning any harm:
 Up until Electron 12, the `com.apple.security.cs.allow-unsigned-executable-memory` entitlement was required
 as well. However, it should not be used anymore if it can be avoided.
 
-## Mac App Store
+### Signing Mac App Store applications
 
 See the [Mac App Store Guide].
 
-# Signing Windows builds
+## Signing Windows builds
 
 Before signing Windows builds, you must do the following:
 
@@ -190,31 +193,140 @@ Before signing Windows builds, you must do the following:
 You can get a code signing certificate from a lot of resellers. Prices vary, so
 it may be worth your time to shop around. Popular resellers include:
 
-* [digicert](https://www.digicert.com/code-signing/microsoft-authenticode.htm)
-* [Sectigo](https://sectigo.com/ssl-certificates-tls/code-signing)
-* Amongst others, please shop around to find one that suits your needs, Google
-  is your friend 😄
+- [digicert](https://www.digicert.com/code-signing/microsoft-authenticode.htm)
+- [Sectigo](https://sectigo.com/ssl-certificates-tls/code-signing)
+- Amongst others, please shop around to find one that suits your needs! 😄
 
-There are a number of tools for signing your packaged app:
+:::caution Keep your certificate password private
+Your certificate password should be a **secret**. Do not share it publicly or
+commit it to your source code.
+:::
 
-* [`electron-winstaller`] will generate an installer for windows and sign it for
-  you
-* [`electron-forge`] can sign installers it generates through the
-  Squirrel.Windows or MSI targets.
-* [`electron-builder`] can sign some of its windows targets
+### Using Electron Forge
 
-## Windows Store
+Once you have a code signing certificate file (`.pfx`), you can sign
+[Squirrel.Windows][maker-squirrel] and [MSI][maker-msi] installers in Electron Forge
+with the `certificateFile` and `certificatePassword` fields in their respective
+configuration objects.
+
+For example, if you keep your Forge config in your `package.json` file and are
+creating a Squirrel.Windows installer:
+
+```json {9-15} title='package.json'
+{
+  "name": "my-app",
+  "version": "0.0.1",
+  //...
+  "config": {
+    "forge": {
+      "packagerConfig": {},
+      "makers": [
+        {
+          "name": "@electron-forge/maker-squirrel",
+          "config": {
+            "certificateFile": "./cert.pfx",
+            "certificatePassword": "this-is-a-secret"
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+  //...
+}
+```
+
+### Using electron-winstaller (Squirrel.Windows)
+
+[`electron-winstaller`] is a package that can generate Squirrel.Windows installers for your
+Electron app. This is the tool used under the hood by Electron Forge's
+[Squirrel.Windows Maker][maker-squirrel]. If you're not using Electron Forge and want to use
+`electron-winstaller` directly, use the `certificateFile` and `certificatePassword` configuration
+options when creating your installer.
+
+```js {10-11}
+const electronInstaller = require('electron-winstaller')
+// NB: Use this syntax within an async function, Node does not have support for
+//     top-level await as of Node 12.
+try {
+  await electronInstaller.createWindowsInstaller({
+    appDirectory: '/tmp/build/my-app-64',
+    outputDirectory: '/tmp/build/installer64',
+    authors: 'My App Inc.',
+    exe: 'myapp.exe',
+    certificateFile: './cert.pfx',
+    certificatePassword: 'this-is-a-secret',
+  })
+  console.log('It worked!')
+} catch (e) {
+  console.log(`No dice: ${e.message}`)
+}
+```
+
+For full configuration options, check out the [`electron-winstaller`] repository!
+
+### Using electron-wix-msi (WiX MSI)
+
+[`electron-wix-msi`] is a package that can generate MSI installers for your
+Electron app. This is the tool used under the hood by Electron Forge's [MSI Maker][maker-msi].
+
+If you're not using Electron Forge and want to use `electron-wix-msi` directly, use the
+`certificateFile` and `certificatePassword` configuration options
+or pass in parameters directly to [SignTool.exe] with the `signWithParams` option.
+
+```js {12-13}
+import { MSICreator } from 'electron-wix-msi'
+
+// Step 1: Instantiate the MSICreator
+const msiCreator = new MSICreator({
+  appDirectory: '/path/to/built/app',
+  description: 'My amazing Kitten simulator',
+  exe: 'kittens',
+  name: 'Kittens',
+  manufacturer: 'Kitten Technologies',
+  version: '1.1.2',
+  outputDirectory: '/path/to/output/folder',
+  certificateFile: './cert.pfx',
+  certificatePassword: 'this-is-a-secret',
+})
+
+// Step 2: Create a .wxs template file
+const supportBinaries = await msiCreator.create()
+
+// 🆕 Step 2a: optionally sign support binaries if you
+// sign you binaries as part of of your packaging script
+supportBinaries.forEach(async (binary) => {
+  // Binaries are the new stub executable and optionally
+  // the Squirrel auto updater.
+  await signFile(binary)
+})
+
+// Step 3: Compile the template to a .msi file
+await msiCreator.compile()
+```
+
+For full configuration options, check out the [`electron-wix-msi`] repository!
+
+### Using Electron Builder
+
+Electron Builder comes with a custom solution for signing your application. You
+can find [its documentation here](https://www.electron.build/code-signing).
+
+### Signing Windows Store applications
 
 See the [Windows Store Guide].
 
-[Apple Developer Program]: https://developer.apple.com/programs/
+[apple developer program]: https://developer.apple.com/programs/
 [`electron-builder`]: https://github.com/electron-userland/electron-builder
 [`electron-forge`]: https://github.com/electron-userland/electron-forge
 [`electron-osx-sign`]: https://github.com/electron-userland/electron-osx-sign
 [`electron-packager`]: https://github.com/electron/electron-packager
 [`electron-notarize`]: https://github.com/electron/electron-notarize
 [`electron-winstaller`]: https://github.com/electron/windows-installer
-[Xcode]: https://developer.apple.com/xcode
+[`electron-wix-msi`]: https://github.com/felixrieseberg/electron-wix-msi
+[xcode]: https://developer.apple.com/xcode
 [signing certificates]: https://github.com/electron/electron-osx-sign/wiki/1.-Getting-Started#certificates
-[Mac App Store Guide]: mac-app-store-submission-guide.md
-[Windows Store Guide]: windows-store-guide.md
+[mac app store guide]: ./mac-app-store-submission-guide.md
+[windows store guide]: ./windows-store-guide.md
+[maker-squirrel]: https://www.electronforge.io/config/makers/squirrel.windows
+[maker-msi]: https://www.electronforge.io/config/makers/wix-msi
+[signtool.exe]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/tools/signtool-exe

docs/tutorial/distribution-overview.md

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+---
+title: 'Distribution Overview'
+description: 'To distribute your app with Electron, you need to package and rebrand it. To do this, you can either use specialized tooling or manual approaches.'
+slug: distribution-overview
+hide_title: false
+---
+
+Once your app is ready for production, there are a couple steps you need to take before
+you can deliver it to your users.
+
+## Packaging
+
+To distribute your app with Electron, you need to package all your resources and assets
+into an executable and rebrand it. To do this, you can either use specialized tooling
+or do it manually. See the [Application Packaging][application-packaging] tutorial
+for more information.
+
+## Code signing
+
+Code signing is a security technology that you use to certify that an app was
+created by you. You should sign your application so it does not trigger the
+security checks of your user's operating system.
+
+To get started with each operating system's code signing process, please read the
+[Code Signing][code-signing] docs.
+
+## Publishing
+
+Once your app is packaged and signed, you can freely distribute your app directly
+to users by uploading your installers online.
+
+To reach more users, you can also choose to upload your app to each operating system's
+digital distribution platform (i.e. app store). These require another build step aside
+from your direct download app. For more information, check out each individual app store guide:
+
+- [Mac App Store][mac-app]
+- [Windows Store][windows-store]
+- [Snapcraft (Linux)][snapcraft]
+
+## Updating
+
+Electron's auto-updater allows you to deliver application updates to users
+without forcing them to manually download new versions of your application.
+Check out the [Updating Applications][updates] guide for details on implementing automatic updates
+with Electron.
+
+<!-- Link labels -->
+
+[application-packaging]: ./application-distribution.md
+[code-signing]: ./code-signing.md
+[mac-app]: ./mac-app-store-submission-guide.md
+[windows-store]: ./windows-store-guide.md
+[snapcraft]: ./snapcraft.md
+[updates]: ./updates.md

docs/tutorial/electron-timelines.md

@@ -26,4 +26,5 @@ Special notes:
 | 14.0.0 | -- | 2021-May-27 | 2021-Aug-31 | M93 | v14.17 |
 | 15.0.0 | 2021-Jul-20 | 2021-Sep-01 | 2021-Sep-21 | M94 | v16.5 |
 | 16.0.0 | 2021-Sep-23 | 2021-Oct-20 | 2021-Nov-16 | M96 | v16.9 |
-| 17.0.0 | 2021-Nov-18 | 2022-Jan-06 | 2022-Feb-01 | M98 | TBD |
+| 17.0.0 | 2021-Nov-18 | 2022-Jan-06 | 2022-Feb-01 | M98 | v16.13 |
+| 18.0.0 | 2022-Feb-03 | 2022-Mar-03 | 2022-Mar-29 | M100 | TBD |

docs/tutorial/examples.md

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+---
+title: 'Examples Overview'
+description: 'A set of examples for common Electron features'
+slug: examples
+hide_title: false
+---
+
+# Examples Overview
+
+In this section, we have collected a set of guides for common features
+that you may want to implement in your Electron application. Each guide
+contains a practical example in a minimal, self-contained example app.
+The easiest way to run these examples is by downloading [Electron Fiddle][fiddle].
+
+Once Fiddle is installed, you can press on the "Open in Fiddle" button that you
+will find below code samples like the following one:
+
+```fiddle docs/fiddles/quick-start
+window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
+  const replaceText = (selector, text) => {
+    const element = document.getElementById(selector)
+    if (element) element.innerText = text
+  }
+
+  for (const type of ['chrome', 'node', 'electron']) {
+    replaceText(`${type}-version`, process.versions[type])
+  }
+})
+```
+
+If there is still something that you do not know how to do, please take a look at the [API][app]
+as there is a chance it might be documented just there (and also open an issue requesting the
+guide!).
+
+<!-- guide-table-start -->
+
+| Guide                 | Description                                                                                                         |
+| :-------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| [Message ports]       | This guide provides some examples of how you might use MessagePorts in your app to communicate different processes. |
+| [Device access]       | Learn how to access the device hardware (Bluetooth, USB, Serial).                                                   |
+| [Keyboard shortcuts]  | Configure local and global keyboard shortcuts for your Electron application.                                        |
+| [Multithreading]      | With Web Workers, it is possible to run JavaScript in OS-level threads                                              |
+| [Offscreen rendering] | Offscreen rendering lets you obtain the content of a BrowserWindow in a bitmap, so it can be rendered anywhere.     |
+| [Spellchecker]        | Learn how to use the built-in spellchecker, set languages, etc.                                                     |
+| [Web embeds]          | Discover the different ways to embed third-party web content in your application.                                   |
+
+<!-- guide-table-end -->
+
+## How to...?
+
+You can find the full list of "How to?" in the sidebar. If there is
+something that you would like to do that is not documented, please join
+our [Discord server][] and let us know!
+
+[discord server]: https://discord.com/invite/electron
+[fiddle]: https://www.electronjs.org/fiddle

docs/tutorial/in-app-purchases.md

@@ -1,4 +1,11 @@
-# In-App Purchases (macOS)
+---
+title: In-App Purchases
+description: Add in-app purchases to your Mac App Store (MAS) application
+slug: in-app-purchases
+hide_title: true
+---
+
+# In-App Purchases
 
 ## Preparing
 

docs/tutorial/introduction.md

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-# Introduction
+---
+title: 'Introduction'
+description: 'Welcome to the Electron documentation! If this is your first time developing an Electron app, read through this Getting Started section to get familiar with the basics. Otherwise, feel free to explore our guides and API documentation!'
+slug: /latest/
+hide_title: false
+---
 
-Welcome to the Electron documentation! If this is your first time developing
-an Electron app, read through this Getting Started section to get familiar with the
-basics. Otherwise, feel free to explore our guides and API documentation!
-
-## What is Electron?
+# What is Electron?
 
 Electron is a framework for building desktop applications using JavaScript,
 HTML, and CSS. By embedding [Chromium][chromium] and [Node.js][node] into its
@@ -12,20 +13,12 @@ binary, Electron allows you to maintain one JavaScript codebase and create
 cross-platform apps that work on Windows, macOS, and Linux — no native development
 experience required.
 
-## Prerequisites
+## Getting started
 
-These docs operate under the assumption that the reader is familiar with both
-Node.js and general web development. If you need to get more comfortable with
-either of these areas, we recommend the following resources:
-
-* [Getting started with the Web (MDN)][mdn-guide]
-* [Introduction to Node.js][node-guide]
-
-Moreover, you'll have a better time understanding how Electron works if you get
-acquainted with Chromium's process model. You can get a brief overview of
-Chrome architecture with the [Chrome comic][comic], which was released alongside
-Chrome's launch back in 2008. Although it's been over a decade since then, the
-core principles introduced in the comic remain helpful to understand Electron.
+We recommend you to start with the [tutorial], which guides you through the
+process of developing an Electron app and distributing it to users.
+The [examples] and [API documentation] are also good places to browse around
+and discover new things.
 
 ## Running examples with Electron Fiddle
 
@@ -39,21 +32,44 @@ a code block. If you have Fiddle installed, this button will open a
 `fiddle.electronjs.org` link that will automatically load the example into Fiddle,
 no copy-pasting required.
 
+```fiddle docs/fiddles/quick-start
+```
+
+## What is in the docs?
+
+All the official documentation is available from the sidebar. These
+are the different categories and what you can expect on each one:
+
+- **Tutorial**: An end-to-end guide on how to create and publish your first Electron
+  application.
+- **Processes in Electron**: In-depth reference on Electron processes and how to work with them.
+- **Best Practices**: Important checklists to keep in mind when developing an Electron app.
+- **How-To Examples**: Quick references to add features to your Electron app.
+- **Development**: Miscellaneous development guides.
+- **Distribution**: Learn how to distribute your app to end users.
+- **Testing and debugging**: How to debug JavaScript, write tests, and other tools used
+  to create quality Electron applications.
+- **Resources**: Useful links to better understand how the Electron project works
+  and is organized.
+- **Contributing to Electron**: Compiling Electron and making contributions can be daunting.
+  We try to make it easier in this section.
+
 ## Getting help
 
 Are you getting stuck anywhere? Here are a few links to places to look:
 
-* If you need help with developing your app, our [community Discord server][discord]
-is a great place to get advice from other Electron app developers.
-* If you suspect you're running into a bug with the `electron` package, please check
-the [GitHub issue tracker][issue-tracker] to see if any existing issues match your
-problem. If not, feel free to fill out our bug report template and submit a new issue.
+- If you need help with developing your app, our [community Discord server][discord]
+  is a great place to get advice from other Electron app developers.
+- If you suspect you're running into a bug with the `electron` package, please check
+  the [GitHub issue tracker][issue-tracker] to see if any existing issues match your
+  problem. If not, feel free to fill out our bug report template and submit a new issue.
 
+<!-- Links -->
+
+[api documentation]: ../api/app.md
 [chromium]: https://www.chromium.org/
-[node]: https://nodejs.org/
-[mdn-guide]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web
-[node-guide]: https://nodejs.dev/learn
-[comic]: https://www.google.com/googlebooks/chrome/
+[discord]: https://discord.com/invite/APGC3k5yaH
+[examples]: examples.md
 [fiddle]: https://electronjs.org/fiddle
 [issue-tracker]: https://github.com/electron/electron/issues
-[discord]: https://discord.gg/electronjs
+[node]: https://nodejs.org/

docs/tutorial/ipc.md

@@ -0,0 +1,571 @@
+---
+title: Inter-Process Communication
+description: Use the ipcMain and ipcRenderer modules to communicate between Electron processes
+slug: ipc
+hide_title: false
+---
+
+# Inter-Process Communication
+
+Inter-process communication (IPC) is a key part of building feature-rich desktop applications
+in Electron. Because the main and renderer processes have different responsibilities in
+Electron's process model, IPC is the only way to perform many common tasks, such as calling a
+native API from your UI or triggering changes in your web contents from native menus.
+
+## IPC channels
+
+In Electron, processes communicate by passing messages through developer-defined "channels"
+with the [`ipcMain`] and [`ipcRenderer`] modules. These channels are
+**arbitrary** (you can name them anything you want) and **bidirectional** (you can use the
+same channel name for both modules).
+
+In this guide, we'll be going over some fundamental IPC patterns with concrete examples that
+you can use as a reference for your app code.
+
+## Understanding context-isolated processes
+
+Before proceeding to implementation details, you should be familiar with the idea of using a
+[preload script] to import Node.js and Electron modules in a context-isolated renderer process.
+
+* For a full overview of Electron's process model, you can read the [process model docs].
+* For a primer into exposing APIs from your preload script using the `contextBridge` module, check
+out the [context isolation tutorial].
+
+## Pattern 1: Renderer to main (one-way)
+
+To fire a one-way IPC message from a renderer process to the main process, you can use the
+[`ipcRenderer.send`] API to send a message that is then received by the [`ipcMain.on`] API.
+
+You usually use this pattern to call a main process API from your web contents. We'll demonstrate
+this pattern by creating a simple app that can programmatically change its window title.
+
+For this demo, you'll need to add code to your main process, your renderer process, and a preload
+script. The full code is below, but we'll be explaining each file individually in the following
+sections.
+
+```fiddle docs/fiddles/ipc/pattern-1
+```
+
+### 1. Listen for events with `ipcMain.on`
+
+In the main process, set an IPC listener on the `set-title` channel with the `ipcMain.on` API:
+
+```javascript {6-10,22} title='main.js (Main Process)'
+const {app, BrowserWindow, ipcMain} = require('electron')
+const path = require('path')
+
+//...
+
+function handleSetTitle (event, title) {
+  const webContents = event.sender
+  const win = BrowserWindow.fromWebContents(webContents)
+  win.setTitle(title)
+}
+
+function createWindow () {
+  const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
+    webPreferences: {
+      preload: path.join(__dirname, 'preload.js')
+    }
+  })
+  mainWindow.loadFile('index.html')
+}
+
+app.whenReady().then(() => {
+  ipcMain.on('set-title', handleSetTitle)
+  createWindow()
+}
+//...
+```
+
+The above `handleSetTitle` callback has two parameters: an [IpcMainEvent] structure and a
+`title` string. Whenever a message comes through the `set-title` channel, this function will
+find the BrowserWindow instance attached to the message sender and use the `win.setTitle`
+API on it.
+
+:::info
+Make sure you're loading the `index.html` and `preload.js` entry points for the following steps!
+:::
+
+### 2. Expose `ipcRenderer.send` via preload
+
+To send messages to the listener created above, you can use the `ipcRenderer.send` API.
+By default, the renderer process has no Node.js or Electron module access. As an app developer,
+you need to choose which APIs to expose from your preload script using the `contextBridge` API.
+
+In your preload script, add the following code, which will expose a global `window.electronAPI`
+variable to your renderer process.
+
+```javascript title='preload.js (Preload Script)'
+const { contextBridge, ipcRenderer } = require('electron')
+
+contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('electronAPI', {
+    setTitle: (title) => ipcRenderer.send('set-title', title)
+})
+```
+
+At this point, you'll be able to use the `window.electronAPI.setTitle()` function in the renderer
+process.
+
+:::caution Security warning
+We don't directly expose the whole `ipcRenderer.send` API for [security reasons]. Make sure to
+limit the renderer's access to Electron APIs as much as possible.
+:::
+
+### 3. Build the renderer process UI
+
+In our BrowserWindow's loaded HTML file, add a basic user interface consisting of a text input
+and a button:
+
+```html {11-12} title='index.html'
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <!-- https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP -->
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'">
+    <title>Hello World!</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    Title: <input id="title"/>
+    <button id="btn" type="button">Set</button>
+    <script src="./renderer.js"></script>
+  </body>
+</html>
+```
+
+To make these elements interactive, we'll be adding a few lines of code in the imported
+`renderer.js` file that leverages the `window.electronAPI` functionality exposed from the preload
+script:
+
+```javascript title='renderer.js (Renderer Process)'
+const setButton = document.getElementById('btn')
+const titleInput = document.getElementById('title')
+setButton.addEventListener('click', () => {
+    const title = titleInput.value
+    window.electronAPI.setTitle(title)
+});
+```
+
+At this point, your demo should be fully functional. Try using the input field and see what happens
+to your BrowserWindow title!
+
+## Pattern 2: Renderer to main (two-way)
+
+A common application for two-way IPC is calling a main process module from your renderer process
+code and waiting for a result. This can be done by using [`ipcRenderer.invoke`] paired with
+[`ipcMain.handle`].
+
+In the following example, we'll be opening a native file dialog from the renderer process and
+returning the selected file's path.
+
+For this demo, you'll need to add code to your main process, your renderer process, and a preload
+script. The full code is below, but we'll be explaining each file individually in the following
+sections.
+
+```fiddle docs/fiddles/ipc/pattern-2
+```
+
+### 1. Listen for events with `ipcMain.handle`
+
+In the main process, we'll be creating a `handleFileOpen()` function that calls
+`dialog.showOpenDialog` and returns the value of the file path selected by the user. This function
+is used as a callback whenever an `ipcRender.invoke` message is sent through the `dialog:openFile`
+channel from the renderer process. The return value is then returned as a Promise to the original
+`invoke` call.
+
+:::caution A word on error handling
+Errors thrown through `handle` in the main process are not transparent as they
+are serialized and only the `message` property from the original error is
+provided to the renderer process. Please refer to
+[#24427](https://github.com/electron/electron/issues/24427) for details.
+:::
+
+```javascript {6-13,25} title='main.js (Main Process)'
+const { BrowserWindow, dialog, ipcMain } = require('electron')
+const path = require('path')
+
+//...
+
+async function handleFileOpen() {
+  const { canceled, filePaths } = await dialog.showOpenDialog()
+  if (canceled) {
+    return
+  } else {
+    return filePaths[0]
+  }
+}
+
+function createWindow () {
+  const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
+    webPreferences: {
+      preload: path.join(__dirname, 'preload.js')
+    }
+  })
+  mainWindow.loadFile('index.html')
+}
+
+app.whenReady(() => {
+  ipcMain.handle('dialog:openFile', handleFileOpen)
+  createWindow()
+})
+//...
+```
+
+:::tip on channel names
+The `dialog:` prefix on the IPC channel name has no effect on the code. It only serves
+as a namespace that helps with code readability.
+:::
+
+:::info
+Make sure you're loading the `index.html` and `preload.js` entry points for the following steps!
+:::
+
+### 2. Expose `ipcRenderer.invoke` via preload
+
+In the preload script, we expose a one-line `openFile` function that calls and returns the value of
+`ipcRenderer.invoke('dialog:openFile')`. We'll be using this API in the next step to call the
+native dialog from our renderer's user interface.
+
+```javascript title='preload.js (Preload Script)'
+const { contextBridge, ipcRenderer } = require('electron')
+
+contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('electronAPI', {
+  openFile: () => ipcRenderer.invoke('dialog:openFile')
+})
+```
+
+:::caution Security warning
+We don't directly expose the whole `ipcRenderer.invoke` API for [security reasons]. Make sure to
+limit the renderer's access to Electron APIs as much as possible.
+:::
+
+### 3. Build the renderer process UI
+
+Finally, let's build the HTML file that we load into our BrowserWindow.
+
+```html {10-11} title='index.html'
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <!-- https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP -->
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'">
+    <title>Dialog</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <button type="button" id="btn">Open a File</button>
+    File path: <strong id="filePath"></strong>
+    <script src='./renderer.js'></script>
+  </body>
+</html>
+```
+
+The UI consists of a single `#btn` button element that will be used to trigger our preload API, and
+a `#filePath` element that will be used to display the path of the selected file. Making these
+pieces work will take a few lines of code in the renderer process script:
+
+```javascript title='renderer.js (Renderer Process)'
+const btn = document.getElementById('btn')
+const filePathElement = document.getElementById('filePath')
+
+btn.addEventListener('click', async () => {
+  const filePath = await window.electronAPI.openFile()
+  filePathElement.innerText = filePath
+})
+```
+
+In the above snippet, we listen for clicks on the `#btn` button, and call our
+`window.electronAPI.openFile()` API to activate the native Open File dialog. We then display the
+selected file path in the `#filePath` element.
+
+### Note: legacy approaches
+
+The `ipcRenderer.invoke` API was added in Electron 7 as a developer-friendly way to tackle two-way
+IPC from the renderer process. However, there exist a couple alternative approaches to this IPC
+pattern.
+
+:::warning Avoid legacy approaches if possible
+We recommend using `ipcRenderer.invoke` whenever possible. The following two-way renderer-to-main
+patterns are documented for historical purposes.
+:::
+
+:::info
+For the following examples, we're calling `ipcRenderer` directly from the preload script to keep
+the code samples small.
+:::
+
+#### Using `ipcRenderer.send`
+
+The `ipcRenderer.send` API that we used for single-way communication can also be leveraged to
+perform two-way communication. This was the recommended way for asynchronous two-way communication
+via IPC prior to Electron 7.
+
+```javascript title='preload.js (Preload Script)'
+// You can also put expose this code to the renderer
+// process with the `contextBridge` API
+const { ipcRenderer } = require('electron')
+
+ipcRenderer.on('asynchronous-reply', (_event, arg) => {
+  console.log(arg) // prints "pong" in the DevTools console
+})
+ipcRenderer.send('asynchronous-message', 'ping')
+```
+
+```javascript title='main.js (Main Process)'
+ipcMain.on('asynchronous-message', (event, arg) => {
+  console.log(arg) // prints "ping" in the Node console
+  // works like `send`, but returning a message back
+  // to the renderer that sent the original message
+  event.reply('asynchronous-reply', 'pong')
+})
+```
+
+There are a couple downsides to this approach:
+
+* You need to set up a second `ipcRenderer.on` listener to handle the response in the renderer
+process. With `invoke`, you get the response value returned as a Promise to the original API call.
+* There's no obvious way to pair the `asynchronous-reply` message to the original
+`asynchronous-message` one. If you have very frequent messages going back and forth through these
+channels, you would need to add additional app code to track each call and response individually.
+
+#### Using `ipcRenderer.sendSync`
+
+The `ipcRenderer.sendSync` API sends a message to the main process and waits _synchronously_ for a
+response.
+
+```javascript title='main.js (Main Process)'
+const { ipcMain } = require('electron')
+ipcMain.on('synchronous-message', (event, arg) => {
+  console.log(arg) // prints "ping" in the Node console
+  event.returnValue = 'pong'
+})
+```
+
+```javascript title='preload.js (Preload Script)'
+// You can also put expose this code to the renderer
+// process with the `contextBridge` API
+const { ipcRenderer } = require('electron')
+
+const result = ipcRenderer.sendSync('synchronous-message', 'ping')
+console.log(result) // prints "pong" in the DevTools console
+```
+
+The structure of this code is very similar to the `invoke` model, but we recommend
+**avoiding this API** for performance reasons. Its synchronous nature means that it'll block the
+renderer process until a reply is received.
+
+## Pattern 3: Main to renderer
+
+When sending a message from the main process to a renderer process, you need to specify which
+renderer is receiving the message. Messages need to be sent to a renderer process
+via its [`WebContents`] instance. This WebContents instance contains a [`send`][webcontents-send] method
+that can be used in the same way as `ipcRenderer.send`.
+
+To demonstrate this pattern, we'll be building a number counter controlled by the native operating
+system menu.
+
+For this demo, you'll need to add code to your main process, your renderer process, and a preload
+script. The full code is below, but we'll be explaining each file individually in the following
+sections.
+
+```fiddle docs/fiddles/ipc/pattern-3
+```
+
+### 1. Send messages with the `webContents` module
+
+For this demo, we'll need to first build a custom menu in the main process using Electron's `Menu`
+module that uses the `webContents.send` API to send an IPC message from the main process to the
+target renderer.
+
+```javascript {11-26} title='main.js (Main Process)'
+const {app, BrowserWindow, Menu, ipcMain} = require('electron')
+const path = require('path')
+
+function createWindow () {
+  const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
+    webPreferences: {
+      preload: path.join(__dirname, 'preload.js')
+    }
+  })
+
+  const menu = Menu.buildFromTemplate([
+    {
+      label: app.name,
+      submenu: [
+        {
+          click: () => mainWindow.webContents.send('update-counter', 1),
+          label: 'Increment',
+        },
+        {
+          click: () => mainWindow.webContents.send('update-counter', -1),
+          label: 'Decrement',
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ])
+  Menu.setApplicationMenu(menu)
+
+  mainWindow.loadFile('index.html')
+}
+//...
+
+```
+
+For the purposes of the tutorial, it's important to note that the `click` handler
+sends a message (either `1` or `-1`) to the renderer process through the `update-counter` channel.
+
+```javascript
+click: () => mainWindow.webContents.send('update-counter', -1)
+```
+
+:::info
+Make sure you're loading the `index.html` and `preload.js` entry points for the following steps!
+:::
+
+### 2. Expose `ipcRenderer.on` via preload
+
+Like in the previous renderer-to-main example, we use the `contextBridge` and `ipcRenderer`
+modules in the preload script to expose IPC functionality to the renderer process:
+
+```javascript title='preload.js (Preload Script)'
+const { contextBridge, ipcRenderer } = require('electron')
+
+contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('electronAPI', {
+    onUpdateCounter: (callback) => ipcRenderer.on('update-counter', callback)
+})
+```
+
+After loading the preload script, your renderer process should have access to the
+`window.electronAPI.onUpdateCounter()` listener function.
+
+:::caution Security warning
+We don't directly expose the whole `ipcRenderer.on` API for [security reasons]. Make sure to
+limit the renderer's access to Electron APIs as much as possible.
+:::
+
+:::info
+In the case of this minimal example, you can call `ipcRenderer.on` directly in the preload script
+rather than exposing it over the context bridge.
+
+```javascript title='preload.js (Preload Script)'
+const { ipcRenderer } = require('electron')
+
+window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
+    const counter = document.getElementById('counter')
+    ipcRenderer.on('update-counter', (_event, value) => {
+        const oldValue = Number(counter.innerText)
+        const newValue = oldValue + value
+        counter.innerText = newValue
+    })
+})
+```
+
+However, this approach has limited flexibility compared to exposing your preload APIs
+over the context bridge, since your listener can't directly interact with your renderer code.
+:::
+
+### 3. Build the renderer process UI
+
+To tie it all together, we'll create an interface in the loaded HTML file that contains a
+`#counter` element that we'll use to display the values:
+
+```html {10} title='index.html'
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <!-- https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP -->
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'">
+    <title>Menu Counter</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    Current value: <strong id="counter">0</strong>
+    <script src="./renderer.js"></script>
+  </body>
+</html>
+```
+
+Finally, to make the values update in the HTML document, we'll add a few lines of DOM manipulation
+so that the value of the `#counter` element is updated whenever we fire an `update-counter` event.
+
+```javascript title='renderer.js (Renderer Process)'
+const counter = document.getElementById('counter')
+
+window.electronAPI.onUpdateCounter((_event, value) => {
+    const oldValue = Number(counter.innerText)
+    const newValue = oldValue + value
+    counter.innerText = newValue
+})
+```
+
+In the above code, we're passing in a callback to the `window.electronAPI.onUpdateCounter` function
+exposed from our preload script. The second `value` parameter corresponds to the `1` or `-1` we
+were passing in from the `webContents.send` call from the native menu.
+
+### Optional: returning a reply
+
+There's no equivalent for `ipcRenderer.invoke` for main-to-renderer IPC. Instead, you can
+send a reply back to the main process from within the `ipcRenderer.on` callback.
+
+We can demonstrate this with slight modifications to the code from the previous example. In the
+renderer process, use the `event` parameter to send a reply back to the main process through the
+`counter-value` channel.
+
+```javascript title='renderer.js (Renderer Process)'
+const counter = document.getElementById('counter')
+
+window.electronAPI.onUpdateCounter((event, value) => {
+  const oldValue = Number(counter.innerText)
+  const newValue = oldValue + value
+  counter.innerText = newValue
+  event.sender.send('counter-value', newValue)
+})
+```
+
+In the main process, listen for `counter-value` events and handle them appropriately.
+
+```javascript title='main.js (Main Process)'
+//...
+ipcMain.on('counter-value', (_event, value) => {
+  console.log(value) // will print value to Node console
+})
+//...
+```
+
+## Pattern 4: Renderer to renderer
+
+There's no direct way to send messages between renderer processes in Electron using the `ipcMain`
+and `ipcRenderer` modules. To achieve this, you have two options:
+
+* Use the main process as a message broker between renderers. This would involve sending a message
+from one renderer to the main process, which would forward the message to the other renderer.
+* Pass a [MessagePort] from the main process to both renderers. This will allow direct communication
+between renderers after the initial setup.
+
+## Object serialization
+
+Electron's IPC implementation uses the HTML standard
+[Structured Clone Algorithm][sca] to serialize objects passed between processes, meaning that
+only certain types of objects can be passed through IPC channels.
+
+In particular, DOM objects (e.g. `Element`, `Location` and `DOMMatrix`), Node.js objects
+backed by C++ classes (e.g. `process.env`, some members of `Stream`), and Electron objects
+backed by C++ classes (e.g. `WebContents`, `BrowserWindow` and `WebFrame`) are not serializable
+with Structured Clone.
+
+[context isolation tutorial]: context-isolation.md
+[security reasons]: ./context-isolation.md#security-considerations
+[`ipcMain`]: ../api/ipc-main.md
+[`ipcMain.handle`]: ../api/ipc-main.md#ipcmainhandlechannel-listener
+[`ipcMain.on`]: ../api/ipc-main.md
+[IpcMainEvent]: ../api/structures/ipc-main-event.md
+[`ipcRenderer`]: ../api/ipc-renderer.md
+[`ipcRenderer.invoke`]: ../api/ipc-renderer.md#ipcrendererinvokechannel-args
+[`ipcRenderer.send`]: ../api/ipc-renderer.md
+[MessagePort]: ./message-ports.md
+[preload script]: process-model.md#preload-scripts
+[process model docs]: process-model.md
+[sca]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Workers_API/Structured_clone_algorithm
+[`WebContents`]: ../api/web-contents.md
+[webcontents-send]: ../api/web-contents.md#contentssendchannel-args

docs/tutorial/launch-app-from-url-in-another-app.md

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 ---
-title: Launching Your Electron App From a URL In Another App
-description: This guide will take you through the process of setting your electron app as the default handler for a specific protocol.
+title: Deep Links
+description: Set your Electron app as the default handler for a specific protocol.
 slug: launch-app-from-url-in-another-app
 hide_title: true
 ---
 
-# Launching Your Electron App From A URL In Another App
+# Deep Links
 
 ## Overview
 

docs/tutorial/linux-desktop-actions.md

@@ -1,4 +1,11 @@
-# Desktop Launcher Actions (Linux)
+---
+title: Desktop Launcher Actions
+description: Add actions to the system launcher on Linux environments.
+slug: linux-desktop-actions
+hide_title: true
+---
+
+# Desktop Launcher Actions
 
 ## Overview
 
@@ -42,4 +49,4 @@ parameters. You can find them in your application in the global variable
 
 [unity-launcher]: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UnityLaunchersAndDesktopFiles#Adding_shortcuts_to_a_launcher
 [audacious-launcher]: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UnityLaunchersAndDesktopFiles?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=shortcuts.png
-[spec]: https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/1.1/ar01s11.html
+[spec]: https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html

docs/tutorial/macos-dock.md

@@ -1,4 +1,11 @@
-# Dock (macOS)
+---
+title: Dock
+description: Configure your application's Dock presence on macOS.
+slug: macos-dock
+hide_title: true
+---
+
+# Dock
 
 Electron has APIs to configure the app's icon in the macOS Dock. A macOS-only
 API exists to create a custom dock menu, but Electron also uses the app dock
@@ -16,12 +23,6 @@ To set your custom dock menu, you need to use the
 [`app.dock.setMenu`](../api/dock.md#docksetmenumenu-macos) API,
 which is only available on macOS.
 
-## Example
-
-Starting with a working application from the
- [Quick Start Guide](quick-start.md), update the `main.js` file with the
- following lines:
-
 ```javascript fiddle='docs/fiddles/features/macos-dock-menu'
 const { app, BrowserWindow, Menu } = require('electron')
 

docs/tutorial/message-ports.md

@@ -8,8 +8,7 @@ your app.
 
 Here is a very brief example of what a MessagePort is and how it works:
 
-```js
-// renderer.js ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+```js title='renderer.js (Renderer Process)'
 // MessagePorts are created in pairs. A connected pair of message ports is
 // called a channel.
 const channel = new MessageChannel()
@@ -28,8 +27,7 @@ port2.postMessage({ answer: 42 })
 ipcRenderer.postMessage('port', null, [port1])
 ```
 
-```js
-// main.js ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+```js title='main.js (Main Process)'
 // In the main process, we receive the port.
 ipcMain.on('port', (event) => {
   // When we receive a MessagePort in the main process, it becomes a
@@ -84,14 +82,84 @@ process, you can listen for the `close` event by calling `port.on('close',
 
 ## Example use cases
 
+### Setting up a MessageChannel between two renderers
+
+In this example, the main process sets up a MessageChannel, then sends each port
+to a different renderer. This allows renderers to send messages to each other
+without needing to use the main process as an in-between.
+
+```js title='main.js (Main Process)'
+const { BrowserWindow, app, MessageChannelMain } = require('electron')
+
+app.whenReady().then(async () => {
+  // create the windows.
+  const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
+    show: false,
+    webPreferences: {
+      contextIsolation: false,
+      preload: 'preloadMain.js'
+    }
+  })
+
+  const secondaryWindow = BrowserWindow({
+    show: false,
+    webPreferences: {
+      contextIsolation: false,
+      preload: 'preloadSecondary.js'
+    }
+  })
+
+  // set up the channel.
+  const { port1, port2 } = new MessageChannelMain()
+
+  // once the webContents are ready, send a port to each webContents with postMessage.
+  mainWindow.once('ready-to-show', () => {
+    mainWindow.webContents.postMessage('port', null, [port1])
+  })
+
+  secondaryWindow.once('ready-to-show', () => {
+    secondaryWindow.webContents.postMessage('port', null, [port2])
+  })
+})
+```
+
+Then, in your preload scripts you receive the port through IPC and set up the
+listeners.
+
+```js title='preloadMain.js and preloadSecondary.js (Preload scripts)'
+const { ipcRenderer } = require('electron')
+
+ipcRenderer.on('port', e => {
+  // port received, make it globally available.
+  window.electronMessagePort = e.ports[0]
+
+  window.electronMessagePort.onmessage = messageEvent => {
+    // handle message
+  }
+})
+```
+
+In this example messagePort is bound to the `window` object directly. It is better
+to use `contextIsolation` and set up specific contextBridge calls for each of your
+expected messages, but for the simplicity of this example we don't. You can find an
+example of context isolation further down this page at [Communicating directly between the main process and the main world of a context-isolated page](#communicating-directly-between-the-main-process-and-the-main-world-of-a-context-isolated-page)
+
+That means window.messagePort is globally available and you can call
+`postMessage` on it from anywhere in your app to send a message to the other
+renderer.
+
+```js title='renderer.js (Renderer Process)'
+// elsewhere in your code to send a message to the other renderers message handler
+window.electronMessagePort.postmessage('ping')
+```
+
 ### Worker process
 
 In this example, your app has a worker process implemented as a hidden window.
 You want the app page to be able to communicate directly with the worker
 process, without the performance overhead of relaying via the main process.
 
-```js
-// main.js ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+```js title='main.js (Main Process)'
 const { BrowserWindow, app, ipcMain, MessageChannelMain } = require('electron')
 
 app.whenReady().then(async () => {
@@ -129,8 +197,7 @@ app.whenReady().then(async () => {
 })
 ```
 
-```html
-<!-- worker.html ------------------------------------------------------------>
+```html  title='worker.html'
 <script>
 const { ipcRenderer } = require('electron')
 
@@ -153,8 +220,7 @@ ipcRenderer.on('new-client', (event) => {
 </script>
 ```
 
-```html
-<!-- app.html --------------------------------------------------------------->
+```html  title='app.html'
 <script>
 const { ipcRenderer } = require('electron')
 
@@ -182,9 +248,7 @@ Electron's built-in IPC methods only support two modes: fire-and-forget
 can implement a "response stream", where a single request responds with a
 stream of data.
 
-```js
-// renderer.js ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
+```js title='renderer.js (Renderer Process)'
 const makeStreamingRequest = (element, callback) => {
   // MessageChannels are lightweight--it's cheap to create a new one for each
   // request.
@@ -213,9 +277,7 @@ makeStreamingRequest(42, (data) => {
 // We will see "got response data: 42" 10 times.
 ```
 
-```js
-// main.js ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
+```js  title='main.js (Main Process)'
 ipcMain.on('give-me-a-stream', (event, msg) => {
   // The renderer has sent us a MessagePort that it wants us to send our
   // response over.
@@ -242,8 +304,7 @@ the renderer are delivered to the isolated world, rather than to the main
 world. Sometimes you want to deliver messages to the main world directly,
 without having to step through the isolated world.
 
-```js
-// main.js ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+```js title='main.js (Main Process)'
 const { BrowserWindow, app, MessageChannelMain } = require('electron')
 const path = require('path')
 
@@ -278,8 +339,7 @@ app.whenReady().then(async () => {
 })
 ```
 
-```js
-// preload.js ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+```js title='preload.js (Preload Script)'
 const { ipcRenderer } = require('electron')
 
 // We need to wait until the main world is ready to receive the message before
@@ -297,8 +357,7 @@ ipcRenderer.on('main-world-port', async (event) => {
 })
 ```
 
-```html
-<!-- index.html ------------------------------------------------------------->
+```html title='index.html'
 <script>
 window.onmessage = (event) => {
   // event.source === window means the message is coming from the preload

docs/tutorial/notifications.md

@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ desktop environment that follows [Desktop Notifications
 Specification][notification-spec], including Cinnamon, Enlightenment, Unity,
 GNOME, KDE.
 
-[notification-spec]: https://developer.gnome.org/notification-spec/
+[notification-spec]: https://developer-old.gnome.org/notification-spec/
 [app-user-model-id]: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd378459(v=vs.85).aspx
 [set-app-user-model-id]: ../api/app.md#appsetappusermodelidid-windows
 [squirrel-events]: https://github.com/electron/windows-installer/blob/master/README.md#handling-squirrel-events

docs/tutorial/performance.md

@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+---
+title: Performance
+description: A set of guidelines for building performant Electron apps
+slug: performance
+hide_title: true
+toc_max_heading_level: 3
+---
+
 # Performance
 
 Developers frequently ask about strategies to optimize the performance of
@@ -49,7 +57,7 @@ at once, consider the [Chrome Tracing](https://www.chromium.org/developers/how-t
 * [Get Started With Analyzing Runtime Performance][chrome-devtools-tutorial]
 * [Talk: "Visual Studio Code - The First Second"][vscode-first-second]
 
-## Checklist
+## Checklist: Performance recommendations
 
 Chances are that your app could be a little leaner, faster, and generally less
 resource-hungry if you attempt these steps.
@@ -62,7 +70,7 @@ resource-hungry if you attempt these steps.
 6. [Unnecessary or blocking network requests](#6-unnecessary-or-blocking-network-requests)
 7. [Bundle your code](#7-bundle-your-code)
 
-## 1) Carelessly including modules
+### 1. Carelessly including modules
 
 Before adding a Node.js module to your application, examine said module. How
 many dependencies does that module include? What kind of resources does
@@ -70,7 +78,7 @@ it need to simply be called in a `require()` statement? You might find
 that the module with the most downloads on the NPM package registry or the most stars on GitHub
 is not in fact the leanest or smallest one available.
 
-### Why?
+#### Why?
 
 The reasoning behind this recommendation is best illustrated with a real-world
 example. During the early days of Electron, reliable detection of network
@@ -99,7 +107,7 @@ running Linux might be bad news for your app's performance. In this particular
 example, the correct solution was to use no module at all, and to instead use
 connectivity checks included in later versions of Chromium.
 
-### How?
+#### How?
 
 When considering a module, we recommend that you check:
 
@@ -128,7 +136,7 @@ In this example, on the author's machine, we saw that loading `request` took
 almost half a second, whereas `node-fetch` took dramatically less memory
 and less than 50ms.
 
-## 2) Loading and running code too soon
+### 2. Loading and running code too soon
 
 If you have expensive setup operations, consider deferring those. Inspect all
 the work being executed right after the application starts. Instead of firing
@@ -141,7 +149,7 @@ using the same strategy _and_ are using sizable modules that you do not
 immediately need, apply the same strategy and defer loading to a more
 opportune time.
 
-### Why?
+#### Why?
 
 Loading modules is a surprisingly expensive operation, especially on Windows.
 When your app starts, it should not make users wait for operations that are
@@ -157,14 +165,14 @@ immediately display the file to you without any code highlighting, prioritizing
 your ability to interact with the text. Once it has done that work, it will
 move on to code highlighting.
 
-### How?
+#### How?
 
 Let's consider an example and assume that your application is parsing files
 in the fictitious `.foo` format. In order to do that, it relies on the
 equally fictitious `foo-parser` module. In traditional Node.js development,
 you might write code that eagerly loads dependencies:
 
-```js
+```js title='parser.js'
 const fs = require('fs')
 const fooParser = require('foo-parser')
 
@@ -187,7 +195,7 @@ In the above example, we're doing a lot of work that's being executed as soon
 as the file is loaded. Do we need to get parsed files right away? Could we
 do this work a little later, when `getParsedFiles()` is actually called?
 
-```js
+```js title='parser.js'
 // "fs" is likely already being loaded, so the `require()` call is cheap
 const fs = require('fs')
 
@@ -223,7 +231,7 @@ module.exports = { parser }
 In short, allocate resources "just in time" rather than allocating them all
 when your app starts.
 
-## 3) Blocking the main process
+### 3. Blocking the main process
 
 Electron's main process (sometimes called "browser process") is special: It is
 the parent process to all your app's other processes and the primary process
@@ -235,7 +243,7 @@ Under no circumstances should you block this process and the UI thread with
 long-running operations. Blocking the UI thread means that your entire app
 will freeze until the main process is ready to continue processing.
 
-### Why?
+#### Why?
 
 The main process and its UI thread are essentially the control tower for major
 operations inside your app. When the operating system tells your app about a
@@ -246,31 +254,31 @@ the GPU process about that – once again going through the main process.
 Electron and Chromium are careful to put heavy disk I/O and CPU-bound operations
 onto new threads to avoid blocking the UI thread. You should do the same.
 
-### How?
+#### How?
 
 Electron's powerful multi-process architecture stands ready to assist you with
 your long-running tasks, but also includes a small number of performance traps.
 
-1) For long running CPU-heavy tasks, make use of
+1. For long running CPU-heavy tasks, make use of
 [worker threads][worker-threads], consider moving them to the BrowserWindow, or
 (as a last resort) spawn a dedicated process.
 
-2) Avoid using the synchronous IPC and the `remote` module as much as possible.
-While there are legitimate use cases, it is far too easy to unknowingly block
-the UI thread using the `remote` module.
+2. Avoid using the synchronous IPC and the `@electron/remote` module as much
+as possible. While there are legitimate use cases, it is far too easy to
+unknowingly block the UI thread.
 
-3) Avoid using blocking I/O operations in the main process. In short, whenever
+3. Avoid using blocking I/O operations in the main process. In short, whenever
 core Node.js modules (like `fs` or `child_process`) offer a synchronous or an
 asynchronous version, you should prefer the asynchronous and non-blocking
 variant.
 
-## 4) Blocking the renderer process
+### 4. Blocking the renderer process
 
 Since Electron ships with a current version of Chrome, you can make use of the
 latest and greatest features the Web Platform offers to defer or offload heavy
 operations in a way that keeps your app smooth and responsive.
 
-### Why?
+#### Why?
 
 Your app probably has a lot of JavaScript to run in the renderer process. The
 trick is to execute operations as quickly as possible without taking away
@@ -280,7 +288,7 @@ at 60fps.
 Orchestrating the flow of operations in your renderer's code is
 particularly useful if users complain about your app sometimes "stuttering".
 
-### How?
+#### How?
 
 Generally speaking, all advice for building performant web apps for modern
 browsers apply to Electron's renderers, too. The two primary tools at your
@@ -300,14 +308,14 @@ some caveats to consider – consult Electron's
 for any operation that requires a lot of CPU power for an extended period of
 time.
 
-## 5) Unnecessary polyfills
+### 5. Unnecessary polyfills
 
 One of Electron's great benefits is that you know exactly which engine will
 parse your JavaScript, HTML, and CSS. If you're re-purposing code that was
 written for the web at large, make sure to not polyfill features included in
 Electron.
 
-### Why?
+#### Why?
 
 When building a web application for today's Internet, the oldest environments
 dictate what features you can and cannot use. Even though Electron supports
@@ -323,7 +331,7 @@ It is rare for a JavaScript-based polyfill to be faster than the equivalent
 native feature in Electron. Do not slow down your Electron app by shipping your
 own version of standard web platform features.
 
-### How?
+#### How?
 
 Operate under the assumption that polyfills in current versions of Electron
 are unnecessary. If you have doubts, check [caniuse.com](https://caniuse.com/)
@@ -338,12 +346,12 @@ If you're using a transpiler/compiler like TypeScript, examine its configuration
 and ensure that you're targeting the latest ECMAScript version supported by
 Electron.
 
-## 6) Unnecessary or blocking network requests
+### 6. Unnecessary or blocking network requests
 
 Avoid fetching rarely changing resources from the internet if they could easily
 be bundled with your application.
 
-### Why?
+#### Why?
 
 Many users of Electron start with an entirely web-based app that they're
 turning into a desktop application. As web developers, we are used to loading
@@ -360,7 +368,7 @@ will take care of the rest.
 When building an Electron app, your users are better served if you download
 the fonts and include them in your app's bundle.
 
-### How?
+#### How?
 
 In an ideal world, your application wouldn't need the network to operate at
 all. To get there, you must understand what resources your app is downloading
@@ -387,21 +395,21 @@ without shipping an application update is a powerful strategy. For advanced
 control over how resources are being loaded, consider investing in
 [Service Workers][service-workers].
 
-## 7) Bundle your code
+### 7. Bundle your code
 
 As already pointed out in
 "[Loading and running code too soon](#2-loading-and-running-code-too-soon)",
 calling `require()` is an expensive operation. If you are able to do so,
 bundle your application's code into a single file.
 
-### Why?
+#### Why?
 
 Modern JavaScript development usually involves many files and modules. While
 that's perfectly fine for developing with Electron, we heavily recommend that
 you bundle all your code into one single file to ensure that the overhead
 included in calling `require()` is only paid once when your application loads.
 
-### How?
+#### How?
 
 There are numerous JavaScript bundlers out there and we know better than to
 anger the community by recommending one tool over another. We do however

docs/tutorial/process-model.md

@@ -1,10 +1,17 @@
+---
+title: 'Process Model'
+description: 'Electron inherits its multi-process architecture from Chromium, which makes the framework architecturally very similar to a modern web browser. This guide will expand on the concepts applied in the tutorial.'
+slug: process-model
+hide_title: false
+---
+
 # Process Model
 
 Electron inherits its multi-process architecture from Chromium, which makes the framework
-architecturally very similar to a modern web browser. In this guide, we'll expound on
-the conceptual knowledge of Electron that we applied in the minimal [quick start app][].
+architecturally very similar to a modern web browser. This guide will expand on the
+concepts applied in the [Tutorial][tutorial].
 
-[quick start app]: ./quick-start.md
+[tutorial]: ./tutorial-1-prerequisites.md
 
 ## Why not a single process?
 
@@ -27,10 +34,10 @@ visualizes this model:
 ![Chrome's multi-process architecture](../images/chrome-processes.png)
 
 Electron applications are structured very similarly. As an app developer, you control
-two types of processes: main and renderer. These are analogous to Chrome's own browser
-and renderer processes outlined above.
+two types of processes: [main](#the-main-process) and [renderer](#the-renderer-process).
+These are analogous to Chrome's own browser and renderer processes outlined above.
 
-[Chrome Comic]: https://www.google.com/googlebooks/chrome/
+[chrome comic]: https://www.google.com/googlebooks/chrome/
 
 ## The main process
 
@@ -68,7 +75,7 @@ When a `BrowserWindow` instance is destroyed, its corresponding renderer process
 terminated as well.
 
 [browser-window]: ../api/browser-window.md
-[web-embed]: ./web-embeds.md
+[web-embed]: ../tutorial/web-embeds.md
 [web-contents]: ../api/web-contents.md
 [event-emitter]: https://nodejs.org/api/events.html#events_class_eventemitter
 
@@ -90,7 +97,7 @@ app.on('window-all-closed', () => {
 ```
 
 [app]: ../api/app.md
-[quick-start-lifecycle]: ./quick-start.md#manage-your-windows-lifecycle
+[quick-start-lifecycle]: ../tutorial/quick-start.md#manage-your-windows-lifecycle
 
 ### Native APIs
 
@@ -105,7 +112,7 @@ For a full list of Electron's main process modules, check out our API documentat
 
 Each Electron app spawns a separate renderer process for each open `BrowserWindow`
 (and each web embed). As its name implies, a renderer is responsible for
-*rendering* web content. For all intents and purposes, code ran in renderer processes
+_rendering_ web content. For all intents and purposes, code ran in renderer processes
 should behave according to web standards (insofar as Chromium does, at least).
 
 Therefore, all user interfaces and app functionality within a single browser
@@ -115,18 +122,22 @@ web.
 Although explaining every web spec is out of scope for this guide, the bare minimum
 to understand is:
 
-* An HTML file is your entry point for the renderer process.
-* UI styling is added through Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).
-* Executable JavaScript code can be added through `<script>` elements.
+- An HTML file is your entry point for the renderer process.
+- UI styling is added through Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).
+- Executable JavaScript code can be added through `<script>` elements.
 
 Moreover, this also means that the renderer has no direct access to `require`
 or other Node.js APIs. In order to directly include NPM modules in the renderer,
 you must use the same bundler toolchains (for example, `webpack` or `parcel`) that you
 use on the web.
 
-> Note: Renderer processes can be spawned with a full Node.js environment for ease of
-> development. Historically, this used to be the default, but this feature was disabled
-> for security reasons.
+:::warning
+
+Renderer processes can be spawned with a full Node.js environment for ease of
+development. Historically, this used to be the default, but this feature was disabled
+for security reasons.
+
+:::
 
 At this point, you might be wondering how your renderer process user interfaces
 can interact with Node.js and Electron's native desktop functionality if these
@@ -135,8 +146,9 @@ way to import Electron's content scripts.
 
 ## Preload scripts
 
-<!-- Note: This guide doesn't take sandboxing into account, which might fundamentally 
+<!-- Note: This guide doesn't take sandboxing into account, which might fundamentally
 change the statements here. -->
+
 Preload scripts contain code that executes in a renderer process before its web content
 begins loading. These scripts run within the renderer context, but are granted more
 privileges by having access to Node.js APIs.
@@ -149,8 +161,8 @@ const { BrowserWindow } = require('electron')
 //...
 const win = new BrowserWindow({
   webPreferences: {
-    preload: 'path/to/preload.js'
-  }
+    preload: 'path/to/preload.js',
+  },
 })
 //...
 ```
@@ -165,7 +177,7 @@ the [`contextIsolation`][context-isolation] default.
 
 ```js title='preload.js'
 window.myAPI = {
-  desktop: true
+  desktop: true,
 }
 ```
 
@@ -184,7 +196,7 @@ securely:
 const { contextBridge } = require('electron')
 
 contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('myAPI', {
-  desktop: true
+  desktop: true,
 })
 ```
 
@@ -195,14 +207,15 @@ console.log(window.myAPI)
 
 This feature is incredibly useful for two main purposes:
 
-* By exposing [`ipcRenderer`][ipcRenderer] helpers to the renderer, you can use
+- By exposing [`ipcRenderer`][ipcrenderer] helpers to the renderer, you can use
   inter-process communication (IPC) to trigger main process tasks from the
   renderer (and vice-versa).
-* If you're developing an Electron wrapper for an existing web app hosted on a remote
+- If you're developing an Electron wrapper for an existing web app hosted on a remote
   URL, you can add custom properties onto the renderer's `window` global that can
   be used for desktop-only logic on the web client's side.
 
 [window-mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window
 [context-isolation]: ./context-isolation.md
 [context-bridge]: ../api/context-bridge.md
-[ipcRenderer]: ../api/ipc-renderer.md
+[ipcrenderer]: ../api/ipc-renderer.md
+[tutorial]: ./tutorial-1-prerequisites.md

docs/tutorial/progress-bar.md

@@ -1,4 +1,11 @@
-# Taskbar Progress Bar (Windows & macOS)
+---
+title: Progress Bars
+description: Provide progress information to users outside of a BrowserWindow.
+slug: progress-bar
+hide_title: true
+---
+
+# Progress Bars
 
 ## Overview
 

docs/tutorial/quick-start.md

@@ -131,7 +131,6 @@ folder of your project:
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <!-- https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP -->
     <meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'">
-    <meta http-equiv="X-Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'">
     <title>Hello World!</title>
   </head>
   <body>
@@ -427,7 +426,6 @@ window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <!-- https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP -->
     <meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'">
-    <meta http-equiv="X-Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'">
     <title>Hello World!</title>
   </head>
   <body>
@@ -463,46 +461,46 @@ The fastest way to distribute your newly created app is using
 1. Add Electron Forge as a development dependency of your app, and use its `import` command to set up
 Forge's scaffolding:
 
-```sh npm2yarn
-npm install --save-dev @electron-forge/cli
-npx electron-forge import
+   ```sh npm2yarn
+   npm install --save-dev @electron-forge/cli
+   npx electron-forge import
 
-✔ Checking your system
-✔ Initializing Git Repository
-✔ Writing modified package.json file
-✔ Installing dependencies
-✔ Writing modified package.json file
-✔ Fixing .gitignore
+   ✔ Checking your system
+   ✔ Initializing Git Repository
+   ✔ Writing modified package.json file
+   ✔ Installing dependencies
+   ✔ Writing modified package.json file
+   ✔ Fixing .gitignore
 
-We have ATTEMPTED to convert your app to be in a format that electron-forge understands.
+   We have ATTEMPTED to convert your app to be in a format that electron-forge understands.
 
-Thanks for using "electron-forge"!!!
-```
+   Thanks for using "electron-forge"!!!
+   ```
 
-1. Create a distributable using Forge's `make` command:
+2. Create a distributable using Forge's `make` command:
 
-```sh npm2yarn
-npm run make
+   ```sh npm2yarn
+   npm run make
 
-> my-electron-app@1.0.0 make /my-electron-app
-> electron-forge make
+   > my-electron-app@1.0.0 make /my-electron-app
+   > electron-forge make
 
-✔ Checking your system
-✔ Resolving Forge Config
-We need to package your application before we can make it
-✔ Preparing to Package Application for arch: x64
-✔ Preparing native dependencies
-✔ Packaging Application
-Making for the following targets: zip
-✔ Making for target: zip - On platform: darwin - For arch: x64
-```
+   ✔ Checking your system
+   ✔ Resolving Forge Config
+   We need to package your application before we can make it
+   ✔ Preparing to Package Application for arch: x64
+   ✔ Preparing native dependencies
+   ✔ Packaging Application
+   Making for the following targets: zip
+   ✔ Making for target: zip - On platform: darwin - For arch: x64
+   ```
 
-Electron Forge creates the `out` folder where your package will be located:
+   Electron Forge creates the `out` folder where your package will be located:
 
-```plain
-// Example for macOS
-out/
-├── out/make/zip/darwin/x64/my-electron-app-darwin-x64-1.0.0.zip
-├── ...
-└── out/my-electron-app-darwin-x64/my-electron-app.app/Contents/MacOS/my-electron-app
-```
+   ```plain
+   // Example for macOS
+   out/
+   ├── out/make/zip/darwin/x64/my-electron-app-darwin-x64-1.0.0.zip
+   ├── ...
+   └── out/my-electron-app-darwin-x64/my-electron-app.app/Contents/MacOS/my-electron-app
+   ```

docs/tutorial/recent-documents.md

@@ -1,4 +1,11 @@
-# Recent Documents (Windows & macOS)
+---
+title: Recent Documents
+description: Provide a list of recent documents via Windows JumpList or macOS Dock
+slug: recent-documents
+hide_title: true
+---
+
+# Recent Documents
 
 ## Overview
 

docs/tutorial/represented-file.md

@@ -1,4 +1,11 @@
-# Representing Files in a BrowserWindow (macOS)
+---
+title: Representing Files in a BrowserWindow
+description: Set a represented file in the macOS title bar.
+slug: represented-file
+hide_title: true
+---
+
+# Representing Files in a BrowserWindow
 
 ## Overview
 

docs/tutorial/security.md

@@ -1,6 +1,24 @@
-# Security, Native Capabilities, and Your Responsibility
+---
+title: Security
+description: A set of guidelines for building secure Electron apps
+slug: security
+hide_title: true
+toc_max_heading_level: 3
+---
+# Security
 
-As web developers, we usually enjoy the strong security net of the browser -
+:::info Reporting security issues
+For information on how to properly disclose an Electron vulnerability,
+see [SECURITY.md](https://github.com/electron/electron/tree/main/SECURITY.md).
+
+For upstream Chromium vulnerabilities: Electron keeps up to date with alternating
+Chromium releases. For more information, see the
+[Electron Release Timelines](../tutorial/electron-timelines.md) document.
+:::
+
+## Preface
+
+As web developers, we usually enjoy the strong security net of the browser —
 the risks associated with the code we write are relatively small. Our websites
 are granted limited powers in a sandbox, and we trust that our users enjoy a
 browser built by a large team of engineers that is able to quickly respond to
@@ -17,20 +35,12 @@ With that in mind, be aware that displaying arbitrary content from untrusted
 sources poses a severe security risk that Electron is not intended to handle.
 In fact, the most popular Electron apps (Atom, Slack, Visual Studio Code, etc)
 display primarily local content (or trusted, secure remote content without Node
-integration) – if your application executes code from an online source, it is
+integration) — if your application executes code from an online source, it is
 your responsibility to ensure that the code is not malicious.
 
-## Reporting Security Issues
+## General guidelines
 
-For information on how to properly disclose an Electron vulnerability,
-see [SECURITY.md](https://github.com/electron/electron/tree/main/SECURITY.md)
-
-## Chromium Security Issues and Upgrades
-
-Electron keeps up to date with alternating Chromium releases. For more information,
-see the [Electron Release Cadence blog post](https://electronjs.org/blog/12-week-cadence).
-
-## Security Is Everyone's Responsibility
+### Security is everyone's responsibility
 
 It is important to remember that the security of your Electron application is
 the result of the overall security of the framework foundation
@@ -56,7 +66,7 @@ is your own code. Common web vulnerabilities, such as Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
 have a higher security impact on Electron applications hence it is highly recommended
 to adopt secure software development best practices and perform security testing.
 
-## Isolation For Untrusted Content
+### Isolation for untrusted content
 
 A security issue exists whenever you receive code from an untrusted source (e.g.
 a remote server) and execute it locally. As an example, consider a remote
@@ -65,72 +75,74 @@ an attacker somehow manages to change said content (either by attacking the
 source directly, or by sitting between your app and the actual destination), they
 will be able to execute native code on the user's machine.
 
-> :warning: Under no circumstances should you load and execute remote code with
+:::warning
+Under no circumstances should you load and execute remote code with
 Node.js integration enabled. Instead, use only local files (packaged together
 with your application) to execute Node.js code. To display remote content, use
 the [`<webview>`][webview-tag] tag or [`BrowserView`][browser-view], make sure
 to disable the `nodeIntegration` and enable `contextIsolation`.
+:::
 
-## Electron Security Warnings
-
-From Electron 2.0 on, developers will see warnings and recommendations printed
-to the developer console. They only show up when the binary's name is Electron,
-indicating that a developer is currently looking at the console.
+:::info Electron security warnings
+Security warnings and recommendations are printed to the developer console.
+They only show up when the binary's name is Electron, indicating that a developer
+is currently looking at the console.
 
 You can force-enable or force-disable these warnings by setting
 `ELECTRON_ENABLE_SECURITY_WARNINGS` or `ELECTRON_DISABLE_SECURITY_WARNINGS` on
 either `process.env` or the `window` object.
+:::
 
-## Checklist: Security Recommendations
+## Checklist: Security recommendations
 
 You should at least follow these steps to improve the security of your application:
 
 1. [Only load secure content](#1-only-load-secure-content)
 2. [Disable the Node.js integration in all renderers that display remote content](#2-do-not-enable-nodejs-integration-for-remote-content)
 3. [Enable context isolation in all renderers that display remote content](#3-enable-context-isolation-for-remote-content)
-4. [Enable sandboxing](#4-enable-sandboxing)
+4. [Enable process sandboxing](#4-enable-process-sandboxing)
 5. [Use `ses.setPermissionRequestHandler()` in all sessions that load remote content](#5-handle-session-permission-requests-from-remote-content)
 6. [Do not disable `webSecurity`](#6-do-not-disable-websecurity)
 7. [Define a `Content-Security-Policy`](#7-define-a-content-security-policy) and use restrictive rules (i.e. `script-src 'self'`)
-8. [Do not set `allowRunningInsecureContent` to `true`](#8-do-not-set-allowrunninginsecurecontent-to-true)
+8. [Do not enable `allowRunningInsecureContent`](#8-do-not-enable-allowrunninginsecurecontent)
 9. [Do not enable experimental features](#9-do-not-enable-experimental-features)
 10. [Do not use `enableBlinkFeatures`](#10-do-not-use-enableblinkfeatures)
-11. [`<webview>`: Do not use `allowpopups`](#11-do-not-use-allowpopups)
+11. [`<webview>`: Do not use `allowpopups`](#11-do-not-use-allowpopups-for-webviews)
 12. [`<webview>`: Verify options and params](#12-verify-webview-options-before-creation)
 13. [Disable or limit navigation](#13-disable-or-limit-navigation)
 14. [Disable or limit creation of new windows](#14-disable-or-limit-creation-of-new-windows)
-15. [Do not use `openExternal` with untrusted content](#15-do-not-use-openexternal-with-untrusted-content)
+15. [Do not use `shell.openExternal` with untrusted content](#15-do-not-use-shellopenexternal-with-untrusted-content)
 16. [Use a current version of Electron](#16-use-a-current-version-of-electron)
 
 To automate the detection of misconfigurations and insecure patterns, it is
 possible to use
-[electronegativity](https://github.com/doyensec/electronegativity). For
+[Electronegativity](https://github.com/doyensec/electronegativity). For
 additional details on potential weaknesses and implementation bugs when
 developing applications using Electron, please refer to this [guide for
-developers and auditors](https://doyensec.com/resources/us-17-Carettoni-Electronegativity-A-Study-Of-Electron-Security-wp.pdf)
+developers and auditors](https://doyensec.com/resources/us-17-Carettoni-Electronegativity-A-Study-Of-Electron-Security-wp.pdf).
 
-## 1) Only Load Secure Content
+### 1. Only load secure content
 
 Any resources not included with your application should be loaded using a
 secure protocol like `HTTPS`. In other words, do not use insecure protocols
 like `HTTP`. Similarly, we recommend the use of `WSS` over `WS`, `FTPS` over
 `FTP`, and so on.
 
-### Why?
+#### Why?
 
 `HTTPS` has three main benefits:
 
-1) It authenticates the remote server, ensuring your app connects to the correct
+1. It authenticates the remote server, ensuring your app connects to the correct
    host instead of an impersonator.
-2) It ensures data integrity, asserting that the data was not modified while in
+1. It ensures data integrity, asserting that the data was not modified while in
    transit between your application and the host.
-3) It encrypts the traffic between your user and the destination host, making it
+1. It encrypts the traffic between your user and the destination host, making it
    more difficult to eavesdrop on the information sent between your app and
    the host.
 
-### How?
+#### How?
 
-```js
+```js title='main.js (Main Process)'
 // Bad
 browserWindow.loadURL('http://example.com')
 
@@ -138,7 +150,7 @@ browserWindow.loadURL('http://example.com')
 browserWindow.loadURL('https://example.com')
 ```
 
-```html
+```html title='index.html (Renderer Process)'
 <!-- Bad -->
 <script crossorigin src="http://example.com/react.js"></script>
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://example.com/style.css">
@@ -148,9 +160,11 @@ browserWindow.loadURL('https://example.com')
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://example.com/style.css">
 ```
 
-## 2) Do not enable Node.js Integration for Remote Content
+### 2. Do not enable Node.js integration for remote content
 
-_This recommendation is the default behavior in Electron since 5.0.0._
+:::info
+This recommendation is the default behavior in Electron since 5.0.0.
+:::
 
 It is paramount that you do not enable Node.js integration in any renderer
 ([`BrowserWindow`][browser-window], [`BrowserView`][browser-view], or
@@ -163,7 +177,7 @@ After this, you can grant additional permissions for specific hosts. For example
 if you are opening a BrowserWindow pointed at `https://example.com/`, you can
 give that website exactly the abilities it needs, but no more.
 
-### Why?
+#### Why?
 
 A cross-site-scripting (XSS) attack is more dangerous if an attacker can jump
 out of the renderer process and execute code on the user's computer.
@@ -172,12 +186,13 @@ power is usually limited to messing with the website that they are executed on.
 Disabling Node.js integration helps prevent an XSS from being escalated into a
 so-called "Remote Code Execution" (RCE) attack.
 
-### How?
+#### How?
 
-```js
+```js title='main.js (Main Process)'
 // Bad
 const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
   webPreferences: {
+    contextIsolation: false,
     nodeIntegration: true,
     nodeIntegrationInWorker: true
   }
@@ -186,7 +201,7 @@ const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
 mainWindow.loadURL('https://example.com')
 ```
 
-```js
+```js title='main.js (Main Process)'
 // Good
 const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
   webPreferences: {
@@ -197,7 +212,7 @@ const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
 mainWindow.loadURL('https://example.com')
 ```
 
-```html
+```html title='index.html (Renderer Process)'
 <!-- Bad -->
 <webview nodeIntegration src="page.html"></webview>
 
@@ -208,21 +223,13 @@ mainWindow.loadURL('https://example.com')
 When disabling Node.js integration, you can still expose APIs to your website that
 do consume Node.js modules or features. Preload scripts continue to have access
 to `require` and other Node.js features, allowing developers to expose a custom
-API to remotely loaded content.
+API to remotely loaded content via the [contextBridge API](../api/context-bridge.md).
 
-In the following example preload script, the later loaded website will have
-access to a `window.readConfig()` method, but no Node.js features.
+### 3. Enable Context Isolation for remote content
 
-```js
-const { readFileSync } = require('fs')
-
-window.readConfig = () => {
-  const data = readFileSync('./config.json')
-  return data
-}
-```
-
-## 3) Enable Context Isolation for Remote Content
+:::info
+This recommendation is the default behavior in Electron since 12.0.0.
+:::
 
 Context isolation is an Electron feature that allows developers to run code
 in preload scripts and in Electron APIs in a dedicated JavaScript context. In
@@ -235,48 +242,42 @@ to enable this behavior.
 Even when `nodeIntegration: false` is used, to truly enforce strong isolation
 and prevent the use of Node primitives `contextIsolation` **must** also be used.
 
-### Why & How?
-
+:::info
 For more information on what `contextIsolation` is and how to enable it please
 see our dedicated [Context Isolation](context-isolation.md) document.
+:::info
 
-## 4) Enable Sandboxing
+### 4. Enable process sandboxing
 
-[Sandboxing](sandbox.md) is a Chromium feature that uses the operating system to
+[Sandboxing](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/HEAD/docs/design/sandbox.md)
+is a Chromium feature that uses the operating system to
 significantly limit what renderer processes have access to. You should enable
 the sandbox in all renderers. Loading, reading or processing any untrusted
 content in an unsandboxed process, including the main process, is not advised.
 
-### How?
+:::info
+For more information on what `contextIsolation` is and how to enable it please
+see our dedicated [Process Sandboxing](sandbox.md) document.
+:::info
 
-When creating a window, pass the `sandbox: true` option in `webPreferences`:
+### 5. Handle session permission requests from remote content
 
-```js
-const win = new BrowserWindow({
-  webPreferences: {
-    sandbox: true
-  }
-})
-```
-
-## 5) Handle Session Permission Requests From Remote Content
-
-You may have seen permission requests while using Chrome: They pop up whenever
+You may have seen permission requests while using Chrome: they pop up whenever
 the website attempts to use a feature that the user has to manually approve (
 like notifications).
 
 The API is based on the [Chromium permissions API](https://developer.chrome.com/extensions/permissions)
 and implements the same types of permissions.
 
-### Why?
+#### Why?
 
 By default, Electron will automatically approve all permission requests unless
 the developer has manually configured a custom handler. While a solid default,
 security-conscious developers might want to assume the very opposite.
 
-### How?
+#### How?
 
-```js
+```js title='main.js (Main Process)'
 const { session } = require('electron')
 
 session
@@ -297,9 +298,11 @@ session
   })
 ```
 
-## 6) Do Not Disable WebSecurity
+### 6. Do not disable `webSecurity`
 
-_Recommendation is Electron's default_
+:::info
+This recommendation is Electron's default.
+:::
 
 You may have already guessed that disabling the `webSecurity` property on a
 renderer process ([`BrowserWindow`][browser-window],
@@ -308,15 +311,15 @@ security features.
 
 Do not disable `webSecurity` in production applications.
 
-### Why?
+#### Why?
 
 Disabling `webSecurity` will disable the same-origin policy and set
 `allowRunningInsecureContent` property to `true`. In other words, it allows
 the execution of insecure code from different domains.
 
-### How?
+#### How?
 
-```js
+```js title='main.js (Main Process)'
 // Bad
 const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
   webPreferences: {
@@ -325,12 +328,12 @@ const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
 })
 ```
 
-```js
+```js title='main.js (Main Process)'
 // Good
 const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow()
 ```
 
-```html
+```html title='index.html (Renderer Process)'
 <!-- Bad -->
 <webview disablewebsecurity src="page.html"></webview>
 
@@ -338,13 +341,13 @@ const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow()
 <webview src="page.html"></webview>
 ```
 
-## 7) Define a Content Security Policy
+### 7. Define a Content Security Policy
 
 A Content Security Policy (CSP) is an additional layer of protection against
 cross-site-scripting attacks and data injection attacks. We recommend that they
 be enabled by any website you load inside Electron.
 
-### Why?
+#### Why?
 
 CSP allows the server serving content to restrict and control the resources
 Electron can load for that given web page. `https://example.com` should
@@ -352,6 +355,8 @@ be allowed to load scripts from the origins you defined while scripts from
 `https://evil.attacker.com` should not be allowed to run. Defining a CSP is an
 easy way to improve your application's security.
 
+#### How?
+
 The following CSP will allow Electron to execute scripts from the current
 website and from `apis.example.com`.
 
@@ -363,14 +368,14 @@ Content-Security-Policy: '*'
 Content-Security-Policy: script-src 'self' https://apis.example.com
 ```
 
-### CSP HTTP Header
+#### CSP HTTP headers
 
 Electron respects the [`Content-Security-Policy` HTTP header](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Security-Policy)
 which can be set using Electron's
 [`webRequest.onHeadersReceived`](../api/web-request.md#webrequestonheadersreceivedfilter-listener)
 handler:
 
-```javascript
+```javascript title='main.js (Main Process)'
 const { session } = require('electron')
 
 session.defaultSession.webRequest.onHeadersReceived((details, callback) => {
@@ -383,20 +388,22 @@ session.defaultSession.webRequest.onHeadersReceived((details, callback) => {
 })
 ```
 
-### CSP Meta Tag
+#### CSP meta tag
 
-CSP's preferred delivery mechanism is an HTTP header, however it is not possible
+CSP's preferred delivery mechanism is an HTTP header. However, it is not possible
 to use this method when loading a resource using the `file://` protocol. It can
-be useful in some cases, such as using the `file://` protocol, to set a policy
-on a page directly in the markup using a `<meta>` tag:
+be useful in some cases to set a policy on a page directly in the markup using a
+`<meta>` tag:
 
-```html
+```html title='index.html (Renderer Process)'
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'none'">
 ```
 
-## 8) Do Not Set `allowRunningInsecureContent` to `true`
+### 8. Do not enable `allowRunningInsecureContent`
 
-_Recommendation is Electron's default_
+:::info
+This recommendation is Electron's default.
+:::
 
 By default, Electron will not allow websites loaded over `HTTPS` to load and
 execute scripts, CSS, or plugins from insecure sources (`HTTP`). Setting the
@@ -405,15 +412,15 @@ property `allowRunningInsecureContent` to `true` disables that protection.
 Loading the initial HTML of a website over `HTTPS` and attempting to load
 subsequent resources via `HTTP` is also known as "mixed content".
 
-### Why?
+#### Why?
 
 Loading content over `HTTPS` assures the authenticity and integrity
 of the loaded resources while encrypting the traffic itself. See the section on
 [only displaying secure content](#1-only-load-secure-content) for more details.
 
-### How?
+#### How?
 
-```js
+```js title='main.js (Main Process)'
 // Bad
 const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
   webPreferences: {
@@ -422,19 +429,21 @@ const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
 })
 ```
 
-```js
+```js title='main.js (Main Process)'
 // Good
 const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({})
 ```
 
-## 9) Do Not Enable Experimental Features
+### 9. Do not enable experimental features
 
-_Recommendation is Electron's default_
+:::info
+This recommendation is Electron's default.
+:::
 
 Advanced users of Electron can enable experimental Chromium features using the
 `experimentalFeatures` property.
 
-### Why?
+#### Why?
 
 Experimental features are, as the name suggests, experimental and have not been
 enabled for all Chromium users. Furthermore, their impact on Electron as a whole
@@ -443,9 +452,9 @@ has likely not been tested.
 Legitimate use cases exist, but unless you know what you are doing, you should
 not enable this property.
 
-### How?
+#### How?
 
-```js
+```js title='main.js (Main Process)'
 // Bad
 const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
   webPreferences: {
@@ -454,20 +463,22 @@ const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
 })
 ```
 
-```js
+```js title='main.js (Main Process)'
 // Good
 const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({})
 ```
 
-## 10) Do Not Use `enableBlinkFeatures`
+### 10. Do not use `enableBlinkFeatures`
 
-_Recommendation is Electron's default_
+:::info
+This recommendation is Electron's default.
+:::
 
 Blink is the name of the rendering engine behind Chromium. As with
 `experimentalFeatures`, the `enableBlinkFeatures` property allows developers to
 enable features that have been disabled by default.
 
-### Why?
+#### Why?
 
 Generally speaking, there are likely good reasons if a feature was not enabled
 by default. Legitimate use cases for enabling specific features exist. As a
@@ -475,9 +486,9 @@ developer, you should know exactly why you need to enable a feature, what the
 ramifications are, and how it impacts the security of your application. Under
 no circumstances should you enable features speculatively.
 
-### How?
+#### How?
 
-```js
+```js title='main.js (Main Process)'
 // Bad
 const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
   webPreferences: {
@@ -486,14 +497,16 @@ const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
 })
 ```
 
-```js
+```js title='main.js (Main Process)'
 // Good
 const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow()
 ```
 
-## 11) Do Not Use `allowpopups`
+### 11. Do not use `allowpopups` for WebViews
 
-_Recommendation is Electron's default_
+:::info
+This recommendation is Electron's default.
+:::
 
 If you are using [`<webview>`][webview-tag], you might need the pages and scripts
 loaded in your `<webview>` tag to open new windows. The `allowpopups` attribute
@@ -501,16 +514,16 @@ enables them to create new [`BrowserWindows`][browser-window] using the
 `window.open()` method. `<webview>` tags are otherwise not allowed to create new
 windows.
 
-### Why?
+#### Why?
 
 If you do not need popups, you are better off not allowing the creation of
 new [`BrowserWindows`][browser-window] by default. This follows the principle
 of minimally required access: Don't let a website create new popups unless
 you know it needs that feature.
 
-### How?
+#### How?
 
-```html
+```html title='index.html (Renderer Process)'
 <!-- Bad -->
 <webview allowpopups src="page.html"></webview>
 
@@ -518,7 +531,7 @@ you know it needs that feature.
 <webview src="page.html"></webview>
 ```
 
-## 12) Verify WebView Options Before Creation
+### 12. Verify WebView options before creation
 
 A WebView created in a renderer process that does not have Node.js integration
 enabled will not be able to enable integration itself. However, a WebView will
@@ -528,7 +541,7 @@ It is a good idea to control the creation of new [`<webview>`][webview-tag] tags
 from the main process and to verify that their webPreferences do not disable
 security features.
 
-### Why?
+#### Why?
 
 Since `<webview>` live in the DOM, they can be created by a script running on your
 website even if Node.js integration is otherwise disabled.
@@ -538,13 +551,13 @@ a renderer process. In most cases, developers do not need to disable any of
 those features - and you should therefore not allow different configurations
 for newly created [`<webview>`][webview-tag] tags.
 
-### How?
+#### How?
 
 Before a [`<webview>`][webview-tag] tag is attached, Electron will fire the
 `will-attach-webview` event on the hosting `webContents`. Use the event to
 prevent the creation of `webViews` with possibly insecure options.
 
-```js
+```js title='main.js (Main Process)'
 app.on('web-contents-created', (event, contents) => {
   contents.on('will-attach-webview', (event, webPreferences, params) => {
     // Strip away preload scripts if unused or verify their location is legitimate
@@ -562,16 +575,16 @@ app.on('web-contents-created', (event, contents) => {
 })
 ```
 
-Again, this list merely minimizes the risk, it does not remove it. If your goal
+Again, this list merely minimizes the risk, but does not remove it. If your goal
 is to display a website, a browser will be a more secure option.
 
-## 13) Disable or limit navigation
+### 13. Disable or limit navigation
 
 If your app has no need to navigate or only needs to navigate to known pages,
 it is a good idea to limit navigation outright to that known scope, disallowing
 any other kinds of navigation.
 
-### Why?
+#### Why?
 
 Navigation is a common attack vector. If an attacker can convince your app to
 navigate away from its current page, they can possibly force your app to open
@@ -584,7 +597,7 @@ A common attack pattern is that the attacker convinces your app's users to
 interact with the app in such a way that it navigates to one of the attacker's
 pages. This is usually done via links, plugins, or other user-generated content.
 
-### How?
+#### How?
 
 If your app has no need for navigation, you can call `event.preventDefault()`
 in a [`will-navigate`][will-navigate] handler. If you know which pages your app
@@ -595,7 +608,7 @@ We recommend that you use Node's parser for URLs. Simple string comparisons can
 sometimes be fooled - a `startsWith('https://example.com')` test would let
 `https://example.com.attacker.com` through.
 
-```js
+```js title='main.js (Main Process)'
 const URL = require('url').URL
 
 app.on('web-contents-created', (event, contents) => {
@@ -609,12 +622,12 @@ app.on('web-contents-created', (event, contents) => {
 })
 ```
 
-## 14) Disable or limit creation of new windows
+### 14. Disable or limit creation of new windows
 
 If you have a known set of windows, it's a good idea to limit the creation of
 additional windows in your app.
 
-### Why?
+#### Why?
 
 Much like navigation, the creation of new `webContents` is a common attack
 vector. Attackers attempt to convince your app to create new windows, frames,
@@ -627,7 +640,7 @@ security at no cost. This is commonly the case for apps that open one
 `BrowserWindow` and do not need to open an arbitrary number of additional
 windows at runtime.
 
-### How?
+#### How?
 
 [`webContents`][web-contents] will delegate to its [window open
 handler][window-open-handler] before creating new windows. The handler will
@@ -635,7 +648,7 @@ receive, amongst other parameters, the `url` the window was requested to open
 and the options used to create it. We recommend that you register a handler to
 monitor the creation of windows, and deny any unexpected window creation.
 
-```js
+```js title='main.js (Main Process)'
 const { shell } = require('electron')
 
 app.on('web-contents-created', (event, contents) => {
@@ -656,40 +669,40 @@ app.on('web-contents-created', (event, contents) => {
 })
 ```
 
-## 15) Do not use `openExternal` with untrusted content
+### 15. Do not use `shell.openExternal` with untrusted content
 
-Shell's [`openExternal`][open-external] allows opening a given protocol URI with
-the desktop's native utilities. On macOS, for instance, this function is similar
-to the `open` terminal command utility and will open the specific application
-based on the URI and filetype association.
+The shell module's [`openExternal`][open-external] API allows opening a given
+protocol URI with the desktop's native utilities. On macOS, for instance, this
+function is similar to the `open` terminal command utility and will open the
+specific application based on the URI and filetype association.
 
-### Why?
+#### Why?
 
 Improper use of [`openExternal`][open-external] can be leveraged to compromise
 the user's host. When openExternal is used with untrusted content, it can be
 leveraged to execute arbitrary commands.
 
-### How?
+#### How?
 
-```js
+```js title='main.js (Main Process)'
 //  Bad
 const { shell } = require('electron')
 shell.openExternal(USER_CONTROLLED_DATA_HERE)
 ```
 
-```js
+```js title='main.js (Main Process)'
 //  Good
 const { shell } = require('electron')
 shell.openExternal('https://example.com/index.html')
 ```
 
-## 16) Use a current version of Electron
+### 16. Use a current version of Electron
 
 You should strive for always using the latest available version of Electron.
 Whenever a new major version is released, you should attempt to update your
 app as quickly as possible.
 
-### Why?
+#### Why?
 
 An application built with an older version of Electron, Chromium, and Node.js
 is an easier target than an application that is using more recent versions of
@@ -705,6 +718,13 @@ to fix issues before publishing them. Your application will be more secure if
 it is running a recent version of Electron (and thus, Chromium and Node.js) for
 which potential security issues are not as widely known.
 
+#### How?
+
+Migrate your app one major version at a time, while referring to Electron's
+[Breaking Changes][breaking-changes] document to see if any code needs to
+be updated.
+
+[breaking-changes]: ../breaking-changes.md
 [browser-window]: ../api/browser-window.md
 [browser-view]: ../api/browser-view.md
 [webview-tag]: ../api/webview-tag.md
@@ -712,5 +732,4 @@ which potential security issues are not as widely known.
 [window-open-handler]: ../api/web-contents.md#contentssetwindowopenhandlerhandler
 [will-navigate]: ../api/web-contents.md#event-will-navigate
 [open-external]: ../api/shell.md#shellopenexternalurl-options
-[sandbox]: ../tutorial/sandbox.md
 [responsible-disclosure]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responsible_disclosure

docs/tutorial/tutorial-1-prerequisites.md

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+---
+title: 'Prerequisites'
+description: 'This guide will step you through the process of creating a barebones Hello World app in Electron, similar to electron/electron-quick-start.'
+slug: tutorial-prerequisites
+hide_title: false
+---
+
+:::info Follow along the tutorial
+
+This is **part 1** of the Electron tutorial.
+
+1. **[Prerequisites][prerequisites]**
+1. [Building your First App][building your first app]
+1. [Using Preload Scripts][preload]
+1. [Adding Features][features]
+1. [Packaging Your Application][packaging]
+1. [Publishing and Updating][updates]
+
+:::
+
+Electron is a framework for building desktop applications using JavaScript,
+HTML, and CSS. By embedding [Chromium][chromium] and [Node.js][node] into a
+single binary file, Electron allows you to create cross-platform apps that
+work on Windows, macOS, and Linux with a single JavaScript codebase.
+
+This tutorial will guide you through the process of developing a desktop
+application with Electron and distributing it to end users.
+
+## Assumptions
+
+Electron is a native wrapper layer for web apps and is run in a Node.js environment.
+Therefore, this tutorial assumes you are generally familiar with Node and
+front-end web development basics. If you need to do some background reading before
+continuing, we recommend the following resources:
+
+- [Getting started with the Web (MDN Web Docs)][mdn-guide]
+- [Introduction to Node.js][node-guide]
+
+## Required tools
+
+### Code editor
+
+You will need a text editor to write your code. We recommend using [Visual Studio Code],
+although you can choose whichever one you prefer.
+
+### Command line
+
+Throughout the tutorial, we will ask you to use various command-line interfaces (CLIs). You can
+type these commands into your system's default terminal:
+
+- Windows: Command Prompt or PowerShell
+- macOS: Terminal
+- Linux: varies depending on distribution (e.g. GNOME Terminal, Konsole)
+
+Most code editors also come with an integrated terminal, which you can also use.
+
+### Git and GitHub
+
+Git is a commonly-used version control system for source code, and GitHub is a collaborative
+development platform built on top of it. Although neither is strictly necessary to building
+an Electron application, we will use GitHub releases to set up automatic updates later
+on in the tutorial. Therefore, we'll require you to:
+
+- [Create a GitHub account](https://github.com/join)
+- [Install Git](https://github.com/git-guides/install-git)
+
+If you're unfamiliar with how Git works, we recommend reading GitHub's [Git guides]. You can also
+use the [GitHub Desktop] app if you prefer using a visual interface over the command line.
+
+We recommend that you create a local Git repository and publish it to GitHub before starting
+the tutorial, and commit your code after every step.
+
+:::info Installing Git via GitHub Desktop
+
+GitHub Desktop will install the latest version of Git on your system if you don't already have
+it installed.
+
+:::
+
+### Node.js and npm
+
+To begin developing an Electron app, you need to install the [Node.js][node-download]
+runtime and its bundled npm package manager onto your system. We recommend that you
+use the latest long-term support (LTS) version.
+
+:::tip
+
+Please install Node.js using pre-built installers for your platform.
+You may encounter incompatibility issues with different development tools otherwise.
+If you are using macOS, we recommend using a package manager like [Homebrew] or
+[nvm] to avoid any directory permission issues.
+
+:::
+
+To check that Node.js was installed correctly, you can use the `-v` flag when
+running the `node` and `npm` commands. These should print out the installed
+versions.
+
+```sh
+$ node -v
+v16.14.2
+$ npm -v
+8.7.0
+```
+
+:::caution
+
+Although you need Node.js installed locally to scaffold an Electron project,
+Electron **does not use your system's Node.js installation to run its code**. Instead, it
+comes bundled with its own Node.js runtime. This means that your end users do not
+need to install Node.js themselves as a prerequisite to running your app.
+
+To check which version of Node.js is running in your app, you can access the global
+[`process.versions`] variable in the main process or preload script. You can also reference
+the list of versions in the [electron/releases] repository.
+
+:::
+
+<!-- Links -->
+
+[chromium]: https://www.chromium.org/
+[electron/releases]: https://github.com/electron/releases/blob/master/readme.md#releases
+[homebrew]: https://brew.sh/
+[mdn-guide]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/
+[node]: https://nodejs.org/
+[node-guide]: https://nodejs.dev/learn
+[node-download]: https://nodejs.org/en/download/
+[nvm]: https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm
+[process-model]: ./process-model.md
+[`process.versions`]: https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#processversions
+[github]: https://github.com/
+[git guides]: https://github.com/git-guides/
+[github desktop]: https://desktop.github.com/
+[visual studio code]: https://code.visualstudio.com/
+
+<!-- Tutorial links -->
+
+[prerequisites]: tutorial-1-prerequisites.md
+[building your first app]: tutorial-2-first-app.md
+[preload]: tutorial-3-preload.md
+[features]: tutorial-4-adding-features.md
+[packaging]: tutorial-5-packaging.md
+[updates]: tutorial-6-publishing-updating.md

docs/tutorial/tutorial-2-first-app.md

@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+---
+title: 'Building your First App'
+description: 'This guide will step you through the process of creating a barebones Hello World app in Electron, similar to electron/electron-quick-start.'
+slug: tutorial-first-app
+hide_title: false
+---
+
+:::info Follow along the tutorial
+
+This is **part 2** of the Electron tutorial.
+
+1. [Prerequisites][prerequisites]
+1. **[Building your First App][building your first app]**
+1. [Using Preload Scripts][preload]
+1. [Adding Features][features]
+1. [Packaging Your Application][packaging]
+1. [Publishing and Updating][updates]
+
+:::
+
+## Learning goals
+
+In this part of the tutorial, you will learn how to set up your Electron project
+and write a minimal starter application. By the end of this section,
+you should be able to run a working Electron app in development mode from
+your terminal.
+
+## Setting up your project
+
+:::caution Avoid WSL
+
+If you are on a Windows machine, please do not use [Windows Subsystem for Linux][wsl] (WSL)
+when following this tutorial as you will run into issues when trying to execute the
+application.
+
+<!--https://www.electronforge.io/guides/developing-with-wsl-->
+
+:::
+
+### Initializing your npm project
+
+Electron apps are scaffolded using npm, with the package.json file
+as an entry point. Start by creating a folder and initializing an npm package
+within it with `npm init`.
+
+```sh npm2yarn
+mkdir my-electron-app && cd my-electron-app
+npm init
+```
+
+This command will prompt you to configure some fields in your package.json.
+There are a few rules to follow for the purposes of this tutorial:
+
+- _entry point_ should be `main.js` (you will be creating that file soon).
+- _author_, _license_, and _description_ can be any value, but will be necessary for
+  [packaging][packaging] later on.
+
+Then, install Electron into your app's **devDependencies**, which is the list of external
+development-only package dependencies not required in production.
+
+:::info Why is Electron a devDependency?
+
+This may seem counter-intuitive since your production code is running Electron APIs.
+However, packaged apps will come bundled with the Electron binary, eliminating the need to specify
+it as a production dependency.
+
+:::
+
+```sh npm2yarn
+npm install electron --save-dev
+```
+
+Your package.json file should look something like this after initializing your package
+and installing Electron. You should also now have a `node_modules` folder containing
+the Electron executable, as well as a `package-lock.json` lockfile that specifies
+the exact dependency versions to install.
+
+```json title='package.json'
+{
+  "name": "my-electron-app",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "Hello World!",
+  "main": "main.js",
+  "author": "Jane Doe",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "electron": "19.0.0"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+:::info Advanced Electron installation steps
+
+If installing Electron directly fails, please refer to our [Advanced Installation][installation]
+documentation for instructions on download mirrors, proxies, and troubleshooting steps.
+
+:::
+
+### Adding a .gitignore
+
+The [`.gitignore`][gitignore] file specifies which files and directories to avoid tracking
+with Git. You should place a copy of [GitHub's Node.js gitignore template][gitignore-template]
+into your project's root folder to avoid committing your project's `node_modules` folder.
+
+## Running an Electron app
+
+:::tip Further reading
+
+Read [Electron's process model][process-model] documentation to better
+understand how Electron's multiple processes work together.
+
+:::
+
+The [`main`][package-json-main] script you defined in package.json is the entry point of any
+Electron application. This script controls the **main process**, which runs in a Node.js
+environment and is responsible for controlling your app's lifecycle, displaying native
+interfaces, performing privileged operations, and managing renderer processes
+(more on that later).
+
+Before creating your first Electron app, you will first use a trivial script to ensure your
+main process entry point is configured correctly. Create a `main.js` file in the root folder
+of your project with a single line of code:
+
+```js title='main.js'
+console.log(`Hello from Electron 👋`)
+```
+
+Because Electron's main process is a Node.js runtime, you can execute arbitrary Node.js code
+with the `electron` command (you can even use it as a [REPL]). To execute this script,
+add `electron .` to the `start` command in the [`scripts`][package-scripts]
+field of your package.json. This command will tell the Electron executable to look for the main
+script in the current directory and run it in dev mode.
+
+```json {8-10} title='package.json'
+{
+  "name": "my-electron-app",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "Hello World!",
+  "main": "main.js",
+  "author": "Jane Doe",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "scripts": {
+    "start": "electron ."
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "electron": "^19.0.0"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+```sh npm2yarn
+npm run start
+```
+
+Your terminal should print out `Hello from Electron 👋`. Congratulations,
+you have executed your first line of code in Electron! Next, you will learn
+how to create user interfaces with HTML and load that into a native window.
+
+## Loading a web page into a BrowserWindow
+
+In Electron, each window displays a web page that can be loaded either from a local HTML
+file or a remote web address. For this example, you will be loading in a local file. Start
+by creating a barebones web page in an `index.html` file in the root folder of your project:
+
+```html title='index.html'
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <!-- https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP -->
+    <meta
+      http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy"
+      content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'"
+    />
+    <meta
+      http-equiv="X-Content-Security-Policy"
+      content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'"
+    />
+    <title>Hello from Electron renderer!</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>Hello from Electron renderer!</h1>
+    <p>👋</p>
+  </body>
+</html>
+```
+
+Now that you have a web page, you can load it into an Electron [BrowserWindow][browser-window].
+Replace the contents your `main.js` file with the following code. We will explain each
+highlighted block separately.
+
+```js {1,3-10,12-14} title='main.js' showLineNumbers
+const { app, BrowserWindow } = require('electron')
+
+const createWindow = () => {
+  const win = new BrowserWindow({
+    width: 800,
+    height: 600,
+  })
+
+  win.loadFile('index.html')
+}
+
+app.whenReady().then(() => {
+  createWindow()
+})
+```
+
+### Importing modules
+
+```js title='main.js (Line 1)'
+const { app, BrowserWindow } = require('electron')
+```
+
+In the first line, we are importing two Electron modules
+with CommonJS module syntax:
+
+- [app][app], which controls your application's event lifecycle.
+- [BrowserWindow][browser-window], which creates and manages app windows.
+
+:::info Capitalization conventions
+
+You might have noticed the capitalization difference between the **a**pp
+and **B**rowser**W**indow modules. Electron follows typical JavaScript conventions here,
+where PascalCase modules are instantiable class constructors (e.g. BrowserWindow, Tray,
+Notification) whereas camelCase modules are not instantiable (e.g. app, ipcRenderer, webContents).
+
+:::
+
+:::warning ES Modules in Electron
+
+[ECMAScript modules](https://nodejs.org/api/esm.html) (i.e. using `import` to load a module)
+are currently not directly supported in Electron. You can find more information about the
+state of ESM in Electron in [electron/electron#21457](https://github.com/electron/electron/issues/21457).
+
+:::
+
+### Writing a reusable function to instantiate windows
+
+The `createWindow()` function loads your web page into a new BrowserWindow instance:
+
+```js title='main.js (Lines 3-10)'
+const createWindow = () => {
+  const win = new BrowserWindow({
+    width: 800,
+    height: 600,
+  })
+
+  win.loadFile('index.html')
+}
+```
+
+### Calling your function when the app is ready
+
+```js title='main.js (Lines 12-14)'
+app.whenReady().then(() => {
+  createWindow()
+})
+```
+
+Many of Electron's core modules are Node.js [event emitters] that adhere to Node's asynchronous
+event-driven architecture. The app module is one of these emitters.
+
+In Electron, BrowserWindows can only be created after the app module's [`ready`][app-ready] event
+is fired. You can wait for this event by using the [`app.whenReady()`][app-when-ready] API and
+calling `createWindow()` once its promise is fulfilled.
+
+:::info
+
+You typically listen to Node.js events by using an emitter's `.on` function.
+
+```diff
++ app.on('ready').then(() => {
+- app.whenReady().then(() => {
+  createWindow()
+})
+```
+
+However, Electron exposes `app.whenReady()` as a helper specifically for the `ready` event to
+avoid subtle pitfalls with directly listening to that event in particular.
+See [electron/electron#21972](https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/21972) for details.
+
+:::
+
+At this point, running your Electron application's `start` command should successfully
+open a window that displays your web page!
+
+Each web page your app displays in a window will run in a separate process called a
+**renderer** process (or simply _renderer_ for short). Renderer processes have access
+to the same JavaScript APIs and tooling you use for typical front-end web
+development, such as using [webpack] to bundle and minify your code or [React][react]
+to build your user interfaces.
+
+## Managing your app's window lifecycle
+
+Application windows behave differently on each operating system. Rather than
+enforce these conventions by default, Electron gives you the choice to implement
+them in your app code if you wish to follow them. You can implement basic window
+conventions by listening for events emitted by the app and BrowserWindow modules.
+
+:::tip Process-specific control flow
+
+Checking against Node's [`process.platform`][node-platform] variable can help you
+to run code conditionally on certain platforms. Note that there are only three
+possible platforms that Electron can run in: `win32` (Windows), `linux` (Linux),
+and `darwin` (macOS).
+
+:::
+
+### Quit the app when all windows are closed (Windows & Linux)
+
+On Windows and Linux, closing all windows will generally quit an application entirely.
+To implement this pattern in your Electron app, listen for the app module's
+[`window-all-closed`][window-all-closed] event, and call [`app.quit()`][app-quit]
+to exit your app if the user is not on macOS.
+
+```js
+app.on('window-all-closed', () => {
+  if (process.platform !== 'darwin') app.quit()
+})
+```
+
+### Open a window if none are open (macOS)
+
+In contrast, macOS apps generally continue running even without any windows open.
+Activating the app when no windows are available should open a new one.
+
+To implement this feature, listen for the app module's [`activate`][activate]
+event, and call your existing `createWindow()` method if no BrowserWindows are open.
+
+Because windows cannot be created before the `ready` event, you should only listen for
+`activate` events after your app is initialized. Do this by only listening for activate
+events inside your existing `whenReady()` callback.
+
+```js
+app.whenReady().then(() => {
+  createWindow()
+
+  app.on('activate', () => {
+    if (BrowserWindow.getAllWindows().length === 0) createWindow()
+  })
+})
+```
+
+## Final starter code
+
+```fiddle docs/fiddles/tutorial-first-app
+
+```
+
+## Optional: Debugging from VS Code
+
+If you want to debug your application using VS Code, you have need attach VS Code to
+both the main and renderer processes. Here is a sample configuration for you to
+run. Create a launch.json configuration in a new `.vscode` folder in your project:
+
+```json title='.vscode/launch.json'
+{
+  "version": "0.2.0",
+  "compounds": [
+    {
+      "name": "Main + renderer",
+      "configurations": ["Main", "Renderer"],
+      "stopAll": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "configurations": [
+    {
+      "name": "Renderer",
+      "port": 9222,
+      "request": "attach",
+      "type": "pwa-chrome",
+      "webRoot": "${workspaceFolder}"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Main",
+      "type": "pwa-node",
+      "request": "launch",
+      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
+      "runtimeExecutable": "${workspaceFolder}/node_modules/.bin/electron",
+      "windows": {
+        "runtimeExecutable": "${workspaceFolder}/node_modules/.bin/electron.cmd"
+      },
+      "args": [".", "--remote-debugging-port=9222"],
+      "outputCapture": "std",
+      "console": "integratedTerminal"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+The "Main + renderer" option will appear when you select "Run and Debug"
+from the sidebar, allowing you to set breakpoints and inspect all the variables among
+other things in both the main and renderer processes.
+
+What we have done in the `launch.json` file is to create 3 configurations:
+
+- `Main` is used to start the main process and also expose port 9222 for remote debugging
+  (`--remote-debugging-port=9222`). This is the port that we will use to attach the debugger
+  for the `Renderer`. Because the main process is a Node.js process, the type is set to
+  `pwa-node` (`pwa-` is the prefix that tells VS Code to use the latest JavaScript debugger).
+- `Renderer` is used to debug the renderer process. Because the main process is the one
+  that creates the process, we have to "attach" to it (`"request": "attach"`) instead of
+  creating a new one.
+  The renderer process is a web one, so the debugger we have to use is `pwa-chrome`.
+- `Main + renderer` is a [compound task] that executes the previous ones simultaneously.
+
+:::caution
+
+Because we are attaching to a process in `Renderer`, it is possible that the first lines of
+your code will be skipped as the debugger will not have had enough time to connect before they are
+being executed.
+You can work around this by refreshing the page or setting a timeout before executing the code
+in development mode.
+
+:::
+
+:::info Further reading
+
+If you want to dig deeper in the debugging area, the following guides provide more information:
+
+- [Application Debugging]
+- [DevTools Extensions][devtools extension]
+
+:::
+
+## Summary
+
+Electron applications are set up using npm packages. The Electron executable should be installed
+in your project's `devDependencies` and can be run in development mode using a script in your
+package.json file.
+
+The executable runs the JavaScript entry point found in the `main` property of your package.json.
+This file controls Electron's **main process**, which runs an instance of Node.js and is
+responsible for your app's lifecycle, displaying native interfaces, performing privileged operations,
+and managing renderer processes.
+
+**Renderer processes** (or renderers for short) are responsible for display graphical content. You can
+load a web page into a renderer by pointing it to either a web address or a local HTML file.
+Renderers behave very similarly to regular web pages and have access to the same web APIs.
+
+In the next section of the tutorial, we will be learning how to augment the renderer process with
+privileged APIs and how to communicate between processes.
+
+<!-- Links -->
+
+[activate]: ../api/app.md#event-activate-macos
+[advanced-installation]: installation.md
+[app]: ../api/app.md
+[app-quit]: ../api/app.md#appquit
+[app-ready]: ../api/app.md#event-ready
+[app-when-ready]: ../api/app.md#appwhenready
+[application debugging]: ./application-debugging.md
+[browser-window]: ../api/browser-window.md
+[commonjs]: https://nodejs.org/docs/../api/modules.html#modules_modules_commonjs_modules
+[compound task]: https://code.visualstudio.com/Docs/editor/tasks#_compound-tasks
+[devtools extension]: ./devtools-extension.md
+[event emitters]: https://nodejs.org/api/events.html#events
+[gitignore]: https://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore
+[gitignore-template]: https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/main/Node.gitignore
+[installation]: ./installation.md
+[node-platform]: https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_platform
+[package-json-main]: https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/v7/configuring-npm/package-json#main
+[package-scripts]: https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/v7/using-npm/scripts
+[process-model]: process-model.md
+[react]: https://reactjs.org
+[repl]: ./repl.md
+[sandbox]: ./sandbox.md
+[webpack]: https://webpack.js.org
+[window-all-closed]: ../api/app.md#event-window-all-closed
+[wsl]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/about#what-is-wsl-2
+
+<!-- Tutorial links -->
+
+[prerequisites]: tutorial-1-prerequisites.md
+[building your first app]: tutorial-2-first-app.md
+[preload]: tutorial-3-preload.md
+[features]: tutorial-4-adding-features.md
+[packaging]: tutorial-5-packaging.md
+[updates]: tutorial-6-publishing-updating.md

docs/tutorial/tutorial-3-preload.md

@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+---
+title: 'Using Preload Scripts'
+description: 'This guide will step you through the process of creating a barebones Hello World app in Electron, similar to electron/electron-quick-start.'
+slug: tutorial-preload
+hide_title: false
+---
+
+:::info Follow along the tutorial
+
+This is **part 3** of the Electron tutorial.
+
+1. [Prerequisites][prerequisites]
+1. [Building your First App][building your first app]
+1. **[Using Preload Scripts][preload]**
+1. [Adding Features][features]
+1. [Packaging Your Application][packaging]
+1. [Publishing and Updating][updates]
+
+:::
+
+## Learning goals
+
+In this part of the tutorial, you will learn what a preload script is and how to use one
+to securely expose privileged APIs into the renderer process. You will also learn how to
+communicate between main and renderer processes with Electron's inter-process
+communication (IPC) modules.
+
+## What is a preload script?
+
+Electron's main process is a Node.js environment that has full operating system access.
+On top of [Electron modules][modules], you can also access [Node.js built-ins][node-api],
+as well as any packages installed via npm. On the other hand, renderer processes run web
+pages and do not run Node.js by default for security reasons.
+
+To bridge Electron's different process types together, we will need to use a special script
+called a **preload**.
+
+## Augmenting the renderer with a preload script
+
+A BrowserWindow's preload script runs in a context that has access to both the HTML DOM
+and a Node.js environment. Preload scripts are injected before a web page loads in the renderer,
+similar to a Chrome extension's [content scripts][content-script]. To add features to your renderer
+that require privileged access, you can define [global] objects through the
+[contextBridge][contextbridge] API.
+
+To demonstrate this concept, you will create a preload script that exposes your app's
+versions of Chrome, Node, and Electron into the renderer.
+
+Add a new `preload.js` script that exposes selected properties of Electron's `process.versions`
+object to the renderer process in a `versions` global variable.
+
+```js title="preload.js"
+const { contextBridge } = require('electron')
+
+contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('versions', {
+  node: () => process.versions.node,
+  chrome: () => process.versions.chrome,
+  electron: () => process.versions.electron,
+  // we can also expose variables, not just functions
+})
+```
+
+To attach this script to your renderer process, pass its path to the
+`webPreferences.preload` option in the BrowserWindow constructor:
+
+```js {8-10} title="main.js"
+const { app, BrowserWindow } = require('electron')
+const path = require('path')
+
+const createWindow = () => {
+  const win = new BrowserWindow({
+    width: 800,
+    height: 600,
+    webPreferences: {
+      preload: path.join(__dirname, 'preload.js'),
+    },
+  })
+
+  win.loadFile('index.html')
+}
+
+app.whenReady().then(() => {
+  createWindow()
+})
+```
+
+:::info
+
+There are two Node.js concepts that are used here:
+
+- The [`__dirname`][dirname] string points to the path of the currently executing script
+  (in this case, your project's root folder).
+- The [`path.join`][path-join] API joins multiple path segments together, creating a
+  combined path string that works across all platforms.
+
+:::
+
+At this point, the renderer has access to the `versions` global, so let's display that
+information in the window. This variable can be accessed via `window.versions` or simply
+`versions`. Create a `renderer.js` script that uses the [`document.getElementById`]
+DOM API to replace the displayed text for the HTML element with `info` as its `id` property.
+
+```js title="renderer.js"
+const information = document.getElementById('info')
+information.innerText = `This app is using Chrome (v${versions.chrome()}), Node.js (v${versions.node()}), and Electron (v${versions.electron()})`
+```
+
+Then, modify your `index.html` by adding a new element with `info` as its `id` property,
+and attach your `renderer.js` script:
+
+```html {18,20} title="index.html"
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <meta
+      http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy"
+      content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'"
+    />
+    <meta
+      http-equiv="X-Content-Security-Policy"
+      content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'"
+    />
+    <title>Hello from Electron renderer!</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>Hello from Electron renderer!</h1>
+    <p>👋</p>
+    <p id="info"></p>
+  </body>
+  <script src="./renderer.js"></script>
+</html>
+```
+
+After following the above steps, your app should look something like this:
+
+![Electron app showing This app is using Chrome (v102.0.5005.63), Node.js (v16.14.2), and Electron (v19.0.3)](../images/preload-example.png)
+
+And the code should look like this:
+
+```fiddle docs/fiddles/tutorial-preload
+
+```
+
+## Communicating between processes
+
+As we have mentioned above, Electron's main and renderer process have distinct responsibilities
+and are not interchangeable. This means it is not possible to access the Node.js APIs directly
+from the renderer process, nor the HTML Document Object Model (DOM) from the main process.
+
+The solution for this problem is to use Electron's `ipcMain` and `ipcRenderer` modules for
+inter-process communication (IPC). To send a message from your web page to the main process,
+you can set up a main process handler with `ipcMain.handle` and
+then expose a function that calls `ipcRenderer.invoke` to trigger the handler in your preload script.
+
+To illustrate, we will add a global function to the renderer called `ping()`
+that will return a string from the main process.
+
+First, set up the `invoke` call in your preload script:
+
+```js {1,7} title="preload.js"
+const { contextBridge, ipcRenderer } = require('electron')
+
+contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('versions', {
+  node: () => process.versions.node,
+  chrome: () => process.versions.chrome,
+  electron: () => process.versions.electron,
+  ping: () => ipcRenderer.invoke('ping'),
+  // we can also expose variables, not just functions
+})
+```
+
+:::caution IPC security
+
+Notice how we wrap the `ipcRenderer.invoke('ping')` call in a helper function rather
+than expose the `ipcRenderer` module directly via context bridge. You **never** want to
+directly expose the entire `ipcRenderer` module via preload. This would give your renderer
+the ability to send arbitrary IPC messages to the main process, which becomes a powerful
+attack vector for malicious code.
+
+:::
+
+Then, set up your `handle` listener in the main process. We do this _before_
+loading the HTML file so that the handler is guaranteed to be ready before
+you send out the `invoke` call from the renderer.
+
+```js {1,11} title="main.js"
+const { ipcMain } = require('electron')
+
+const createWindow = () => {
+  const win = new BrowserWindow({
+    width: 800,
+    height: 600,
+    webPreferences: {
+      preload: path.join(__dirname, 'preload.js'),
+    },
+  })
+  ipcMain.handle('ping', () => 'pong')
+  win.loadFile('index.html')
+}
+```
+
+Once you have the sender and receiver set up, you can now send messages from the renderer
+to the main process through the `'ping'` channel you just defined.
+
+```js title='renderer.js'
+const func = async () => {
+  const response = await window.versions.ping()
+  console.log(response) // prints out 'pong'
+}
+
+func()
+```
+
+:::info
+
+For more in-depth explanations on using the `ipcRenderer` and `ipcMain` modules,
+check out the full [Inter-Process Communication][ipc] guide.
+
+:::
+
+## Summary
+
+A preload script contains code that runs before your web page is loaded into the browser
+window. It has access to both DOM APIs and Node.js environment, and is often used to
+expose privileged APIs to the renderer via the `contextBridge` API.
+
+Because the main and renderer processes have very different responsibilities, Electron
+apps often use the preload script to set up inter-process communication (IPC) interfaces
+to pass arbitrary messages between the two kinds of processes.
+
+In the next part of the tutorial, we will be showing you resources on adding more
+functionality to your app, then teaching you distributing your app to users.
+
+<!-- Links -->
+
+[advanced-installation]: ./installation.md
+[application debugging]: ./application-debugging.md
+[app]: ../api/app.md
+[app-ready]: ../api/app.md#event-ready
+[app-when-ready]: ../api/app.md#appwhenready
+[browser-window]: ../api/browser-window.md
+[commonjs]: https://nodejs.org/docs/latest/api/modules.html#modules_modules_commonjs_modules
+[compound task]: https://code.visualstudio.com/Docs/editor/tasks#_compound-tasks
+[content-script]: https://developer.chrome.com/docs/extensions/mv3/content_scripts/
+[contextbridge]: ../api/context-bridge.md
+[context-isolation]: ./context-isolation.md
+[`document.getelementbyid`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/getElementById
+[devtools-extension]: ./devtools-extension.md
+[dirname]: https://nodejs.org/api/modules.html#modules_dirname
+[global]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Global_object
+[ipc]: ./ipc.md
+[mdn-csp]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP
+[modules]: ../api/app.md
+[node-api]: https://nodejs.org/dist/latest/docs/api/
+[package-json-main]: https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/v7/configuring-npm/package-json#main
+[package-scripts]: https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/v7/using-npm/scripts
+[path-join]: https://nodejs.org/api/path.html#path_path_join_paths
+[process-model]: ./process-model.md
+[react]: https://reactjs.org
+[sandbox]: ./sandbox.md
+[webpack]: https://webpack.js.org
+
+<!-- Tutorial links -->
+
+[prerequisites]: tutorial-1-prerequisites.md
+[building your first app]: tutorial-2-first-app.md
+[preload]: tutorial-3-preload.md
+[features]: tutorial-4-adding-features.md
+[packaging]: tutorial-5-packaging.md
+[updates]: tutorial-6-publishing-updating.md

docs/tutorial/tutorial-4-adding-features.md

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+---
+title: 'Adding Features'
+description: 'In this step of the tutorial, we will share some resources you should read to add features to your application'
+slug: tutorial-adding-features
+hide_title: false
+---
+
+:::info Follow along the tutorial
+
+This is **part 4** of the Electron tutorial.
+
+1. [Prerequisites][prerequisites]
+1. [Building your First App][building your first app]
+1. [Using Preload Scripts][preload]
+1. **[Adding Features][features]**
+1. [Packaging Your Application][packaging]
+1. [Publishing and Updating][updates]
+
+:::
+
+## Adding application complexity
+
+If you have been following along, you should have a functional Electron application
+with a static user interface. From this starting point, you can generally progress
+in developing your app in two broad directions:
+
+1. Adding complexity to your renderer process' web app code
+1. Deeper integrations with the operating system and Node.js
+
+It is important to understand the distinction between these two broad concepts. For the
+first point, Electron-specific resources are not necessary. Building a pretty to-do
+list in Electron is just pointing your Electron BrowserWindow to a pretty
+to-do list web app. Ultimately, you are building your renderer's UI using the same tools
+(HTML, CSS, JavaScript) that you would on the web. Therefore, Electron's docs will
+not go in-depth on how to use standard web tools.
+
+On the other hand, Electron also provides a rich set of tools that allow
+you to integrate with the desktop environment, from creating tray icons to adding
+global shortcuts to displaying native menus. It also gives you all the power of a
+Node.js environment in the main process. This set of capabilities separates
+Electron applications from running a website in a browser tab, and are the
+focus of Electron's documentation.
+
+## How-to examples
+
+Electron's documentation has many tutorials to help you with more advanced topics
+and deeper operating system integrations. To get started, check out the
+[How-To Examples][how-to] doc.
+
+:::note Let us know if something is missing!
+
+If you can't find what you are looking for, please let us know on [GitHub] or in
+our [Discord server][discord]!
+
+:::
+
+## What's next?
+
+For the rest of the tutorial, we will be shifting away from application code
+and giving you a look at how you can get your app from your developer machine
+into end users' hands.
+
+<!-- Link labels -->
+
+[discord]: https://discord.com/invite/APGC3k5yaH
+[github]: https://github.com/electron/electronjs.org-new/issues/new
+[how to]: ./examples.md
+[node-platform]: https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_platform
+
+<!-- Tutorial links -->
+
+[prerequisites]: tutorial-1-prerequisites.md
+[building your first app]: tutorial-2-first-app.md
+[preload]: tutorial-3-preload.md
+[features]: tutorial-4-adding-features.md
+[packaging]: tutorial-5-packaging.md
+[updates]: tutorial-6-publishing-updating.md

docs/tutorial/tutorial-5-packaging.md

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+---
+title: 'Packaging Your Application'
+description: 'To distribute your app with Electron, you need to package it and create installers.'
+slug: tutorial-packaging
+hide_title: false
+---
+
+import Tabs from '@theme/Tabs';
+import TabItem from '@theme/TabItem';
+
+:::info Follow along the tutorial
+
+This is **part 5** of the Electron tutorial.
+
+1. [Prerequisites][prerequisites]
+1. [Building your First App][building your first app]
+1. [Using Preload Scripts][preload]
+1. [Adding Features][features]
+1. **[Packaging Your Application][packaging]**
+1. [Publishing and Updating][updates]
+
+:::
+
+## Learning goals
+
+In this part of the tutorial, we'll be going over the basics of packaging and distributing
+your app with [Electron Forge].
+
+## Using Electron Forge
+
+Electron does not have any tooling for packaging and distribution bundled into its core
+modules. Once you have a working Electron app in dev mode, you need to use
+additional tooling to create a packaged app you can distribute to your users (also known
+as a **distributable**). Distributables can be either installers (e.g. MSI on Windows) or
+portable executable files (e.g. `.app` on macOS).
+
+Electron Forge is an all-in-one tool that handles the packaging and distribution of Electron
+apps. Under the hood, it combines a lot of existing Electron tools (e.g. [`electron-packager`],
+[`@electron/osx-sign`], [`electron-winstaller`], etc.) into a single interface so you do not
+have to worry about wiring them all together.
+
+### Importing your project into Forge
+
+You can install Electron Forge's CLI in your project's `devDependencies` and import your
+existing project with a handy conversion script.
+
+```sh npm2yarn
+npm install --save-dev @electron-forge/cli
+npx electron-forge import
+```
+
+Once the conversion script is done, Forge should have added a few scripts
+to your `package.json` file.
+
+```json title='package.json'
+  //...
+  "scripts": {
+    "start": "electron-forge start",
+    "package": "electron-forge package",
+    "make": "electron-forge make"
+  },
+  //...
+```
+
+:::info CLI documentation
+
+For more information on `make` and other Forge APIs, check out
+the [Electron Forge CLI documentation].
+
+:::
+
+You should also notice that your package.json now has a few more packages installed
+under your `devDependencies`, and contains an added `config.forge` field with an array
+of makers configured. **Makers** are Forge plugins that create distributables from
+your source code. You should see multiple makers in the pre-populated configuration,
+one for each target platform.
+
+### Creating a distributable
+
+To create a distributable, use your project's new `make` script, which runs the
+`electron-forge make` command.
+
+```sh npm2yarn
+npm run make
+```
+
+This `make` command contains two steps:
+
+1. It will first run `electron-forge package` under the hood, which bundles your app
+   code together with the Electron binary. The packaged code is generated into a folder.
+1. It will then use this packaged app folder to create a separate distributable for each
+   configured maker.
+
+After the script runs, you should see an `out` folder containing both the distributable
+and a folder containing the packaged application code.
+
+```plain title='macOS output example'
+out/
+├── out/make/zip/darwin/x64/my-electron-app-darwin-x64-1.0.0.zip
+├── ...
+└── out/my-electron-app-darwin-x64/my-electron-app.app/Contents/MacOS/my-electron-app
+```
+
+The distributable in the `out/make` folder should be ready to launch! You have now
+created your first bundled Electron application.
+
+:::tip Distributable formats
+
+Electron Forge can be configured to create distributables in different OS-specific formats
+(e.g. DMG, deb, MSI, etc.). See Forge's [Makers] documentation for all configuration options.
+
+:::
+
+:::note Packaging without Electron Forge
+
+If you want to manually package your code, or if you're just interested understanding the
+mechanics behind packaging an Electron app, check out the full [Application Packaging]
+documentation.
+
+:::
+
+## Important: signing your code
+
+In order to distribute desktop applications to end users, we _highly recommended_ for you
+to **code sign** your Electron app. Code signing is an important part of shipping
+desktop applications, and is mandatory for the auto-update step in the final part
+of the tutorial.
+
+Code signing is a security technology that you use to certify that a desktop app was
+created by a known source. Windows and macOS have their own OS-specific code signing
+systems that will make it difficult for users to download or launch unsigned applications.
+
+If you already have code signing certificates for Windows and macOS, you can set your
+credentials in your Forge configuration. Otherwise, please refer to the full
+[Code Signing] documentation to learn how to purchase a certificate and for more information
+on the desktop app code signing process.
+
+On macOS, code signing is done at the app packaging level. On Windows, distributable installers
+are signed instead.
+
+<Tabs>
+  <TabItem value="macos" label="macOS" default>
+
+```json title='package.json' {6-18}
+{
+  //...
+  "config": {
+    "forge": {
+      //...
+      "packagerConfig": {
+        "osxSign": {
+          "identity": "Developer ID Application: Felix Rieseberg (LT94ZKYDCJ)",
+          "hardened-runtime": true,
+          "entitlements": "entitlements.plist",
+          "entitlements-inherit": "entitlements.plist",
+          "signature-flags": "library"
+        },
+        "osxNotarize": {
+          "appleId": "felix@felix.fun",
+          "appleIdPassword": "this-is-a-secret"
+        }
+      }
+      //...
+    }
+  }
+  //...
+}
+```
+
+  </TabItem>
+  <TabItem value="windows" label="Windows">
+
+```json title='package.json'  {6-14}
+{
+  //...
+  "config": {
+    "forge": {
+      //...
+      "makers": [
+        {
+          "name": "@electron-forge/maker-squirrel",
+          "config": {
+            "certificateFile": "./cert.pfx",
+            "certificatePassword": "this-is-a-secret"
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+      //...
+    }
+  }
+  //...
+}
+```
+
+  </TabItem>
+</Tabs>
+
+## Summary
+
+Electron applications need to be packaged to be distributed to users. In this tutorial,
+you imported your app into Electron Forge and configured it to package your app and
+generate installers.
+
+In order for your application to be trusted by the user's system, you need to digitally
+certify that the distributable is authentic and untampered by code signing it. Your app
+can be signed through Forge once you configure it to use your code signing certificate
+information.
+
+[`@electron/osx-sign`]: https://github.com/electron/osx-sign
+[application packaging]: ./application-distribution.md
+[code signing]: ./code-signing.md
+[`electron-packager`]: https://github.com/electron/electron-packager
+[`electron-winstaller`]: https://github.com/electron/windows-installer
+[electron forge]: https://www.electronforge.io
+[electron forge cli documentation]: https://www.electronforge.io/cli#commands
+[makers]: https://www.electronforge.io/config/makers
+
+<!-- Tutorial links -->
+
+[prerequisites]: tutorial-1-prerequisites.md
+[building your first app]: tutorial-2-first-app.md
+[preload]: tutorial-3-preload.md
+[features]: tutorial-4-adding-features.md
+[packaging]: tutorial-5-packaging.md
+[updates]: tutorial-6-publishing-updating.md

docs/tutorial/tutorial-6-publishing-updating.md

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+---
+title: 'Publishing and Updating'
+description: "There are several ways to update an Electron application. The easiest and officially supported one is taking advantage of the built-in Squirrel framework and Electron's autoUpdater module."
+slug: tutorial-publishing-updating
+hide_title: false
+---
+
+:::info Follow along the tutorial
+
+This is **part 6** of the Electron tutorial.
+
+1. [Prerequisites][prerequisites]
+1. [Building your First App][building your first app]
+1. [Using Preload Scripts][preload]
+1. [Adding Features][features]
+1. [Packaging Your Application][packaging]
+1. **[Publishing and Updating][updates]**
+
+:::
+
+## Learning goals
+
+If you've been following along, this is the last step of the tutorial! In this part,
+you will publish your app to GitHub releases and integrate automatic updates
+into your app code.
+
+## Using update.electronjs.org
+
+The Electron maintainers provide a free auto-updating service for open-source apps
+at https://update.electronjs.org. Its requirements are:
+
+- Your app runs on macOS or Windows
+- Your app has a public GitHub repository
+- Builds are published to [GitHub releases]
+- Builds are [code signed][code-signed]
+
+At this point, we'll assume that you have already pushed all your
+code to a public GitHub repository.
+
+:::info Alternative update services
+
+If you're using an alternate repository host (e.g. GitLab or Bitbucket) or if
+you need to keep your code repository private, please refer to our
+[step-by-step guide][update-server] on hosting your own Electron update server.
+
+:::
+
+## Publishing a GitHub release
+
+Electron Forge has [Publisher] plugins that can automate the distribution
+of your packaged application to various sources. In this tutorial, we will
+be using the GitHub Publisher, which will allow us to publish
+our code to GitHub releases.
+
+### Generating a personal access token
+
+Forge cannot publish to any repository on GitHub without permission. You
+need to pass in an authenticated token that gives Forge access to
+your GitHub releases. The easiest way to do this is to
+[create a new personal access token (PAT)][new-pat]
+with the `public_repo` scope, which gives write access to your public repositories.
+**Make sure to keep this token a secret.**
+
+### Setting up the GitHub Publisher
+
+#### Installing the module
+
+Forge's [GitHub Publisher] is a plugin that
+needs to be installed in your project's `devDependencies`:
+
+```sh npm2yarn
+npm install --save-dev @electron-forge/publisher-github
+```
+
+#### Configuring the publisher in Forge
+
+Once you have it installed, you need to set it up in your Forge
+configuration. A full list of options is documented in the Forge's
+[`PublisherGitHubConfig`] API docs.
+
+```json title='package.json' {6-16}
+{
+  //...
+  "config": {
+    "forge": {
+      "publishers": [
+        {
+          "name": "@electron-forge/publisher-github",
+          "config": {
+            "repository": {
+              "owner": "github-user-name",
+              "name": "github-repo-name"
+            },
+            "prerelease": false,
+            "draft": true
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+  //...
+}
+```
+
+:::tip Drafting releases before publishing
+
+Notice that you have configured Forge to publish your release as a draft.
+This will allow you to see the release with its generated artifacts
+without actually publishing it to your end users. You can manually
+publish your releases via GitHub after writing release notes and
+double-checking that your distributables work.
+
+:::
+
+#### Setting up your authentication token
+
+You also need to make the Publisher aware of your authentication token.
+By default, it will use the value stored in the `GITHUB_TOKEN` environment
+variable.
+
+### Running the publish command
+
+Add Forge's [publish command] to your npm scripts.
+
+```json {6} title='package.json'
+  //...
+  "scripts": {
+    "start": "electron-forge start",
+    "package": "electron-forge package",
+    "make": "electron-forge make",
+    "publish": "electron-forge publish"
+  },
+  //...
+```
+
+This command will run your configured makers and publish the output distributables to a new
+GitHub release.
+
+```sh npm2yarn
+npm run publish
+```
+
+By default, this will only publish a single distributable for your host operating system and
+architecture. You can publish for different architectures by passing in the `--arch` flag to your
+Forge commands.
+
+The name of this release will correspond to the `version` field in your project's package.json file.
+
+:::tip Tagging releases
+
+Optionally, you can also [tag your releases in Git][git-tag] so that your
+release is associated with a labeled point in your code history. npm comes
+with a handy [`npm version`](https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/v8/commands/npm-version)
+command that can handle the version bumping and tagging for you.
+
+:::
+
+#### Bonus: Publishing in GitHub Actions
+
+Publishing locally can be painful, especially because you can only create distributables
+for your host operating system (i.e. you can't publish a Window `.exe` file from macOS).
+
+A solution for this would be to publish your app via automation workflows
+such as [GitHub Actions], which can run tasks in the
+cloud on Ubuntu, macOS, and Windows. This is the exact approach taken by [Electron Fiddle].
+You can refer to Fiddle's [Build and Release pipeline][fiddle-build]
+and [Forge configuration][fiddle-forge-config]
+for more details.
+
+## Instrumenting your updater code
+
+Now that we have a functional release system via GitHub releases, we now need to tell our
+Electron app to download an update whenever a new release is out. Electron apps do this
+via the [autoUpdater] module, which reads from an update server feed to check if a new version
+is available for download.
+
+The update.electronjs.org service provides an updater-compatible feed. For example, Electron
+Fiddle v0.28.0 will check the endpoint at https://update.electronjs.org/electron/fiddle/darwin/v0.28.0
+to see if a newer GitHub release is available.
+
+After your release is published to GitHub, the update.electronjs.org service should work
+for your application. The only step left is to configure the feed with the autoUpdater module.
+
+To make this process easier, the Electron team maintains the [`update-electron-app`] module,
+which sets up the autoUpdater boilerplate for update.electronjs.org in one function
+call — no configuration required. This module will search for the update.electronjs.org
+feed that matches your project's package.json `"repository"` field.
+
+First, install the module as a runtime dependency.
+
+```sh npm2yarn
+npm install update-electron-app
+```
+
+Then, import the module and call it immediately in the main process.
+
+```js title='main.js'
+require('update-electron-app')()
+```
+
+And that is all it takes! Once your application is packaged, it will update itself for each new
+GitHub release that you publish.
+
+## Summary
+
+In this tutorial, we configured Electron Forge's GitHub Publisher to upload your app's
+distributables to GitHub releases. Since distributables cannot always be generated
+between platforms, we recommend setting up your building and publishing flow
+in a Continuous Integration pipeline if you do not have access to machines.
+
+Electron applications can self-update by pointing the autoUpdater module to an update server feed.
+update.electronjs.org is a free update server provided by Electron for open-source applications
+published on GitHub releases. Configuring your Electron app to use this service is as easy as
+installing and importing the `update-electron-app` module.
+
+If your application is not eligible for update.electronjs.org, you should instead deploy your
+own update server and configure the autoUpdater module yourself.
+
+:::info 🌟 You're done!
+
+From here, you have officially completed our tutorial to Electron. Feel free to explore the
+rest of our docs and happy developing! If you have questions, please stop by our community
+[Discord server].
+
+:::
+
+[autoupdater]: ../api/auto-updater.md
+[code-signed]: ./code-signing.md
+[discord server]: https://discord.com/invite/APGC3k5yaH
+[electron fiddle]: https://electronjs.org/fiddle
+[fiddle-build]: https://github.com/electron/fiddle/blob/master/.github/workflows/build.yaml
+[fiddle-forge-config]: https://github.com/electron/fiddle/blob/master/forge.config.js
+[github actions]: https://github.com/features/actions
+[github publisher]: https://www.electronforge.io/config/publishers/github
+[github releases]: https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/releasing-projects-on-github/managing-releases-in-a-repository
+[git tag]: https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Tagging
+[new-pat]: https://github.com/settings/tokens/new
+[publish command]: https://www.electronforge.io/cli#publish
+[publisher]: https://www.electronforge.io/config/publishers
+[`publishergithubconfig`]: https://js.electronforge.io/publisher/github/interfaces/publishergithubconfig
+[`update-electron-app`]: https://github.com/electron/update-electron-app
+[update-server]: ./updates.md
+
+<!-- Tutorial links -->
+
+[prerequisites]: tutorial-1-prerequisites.md
+[building your first app]: tutorial-2-first-app.md
+[preload]: tutorial-3-preload.md
+[features]: tutorial-4-adding-features.md
+[packaging]: tutorial-5-packaging.md
+[updates]: tutorial-6-publishing-updating.md

docs/tutorial/updates.md

@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
-# Updating Applications
+---
+title: 'Updating Applications'
+description: "There are several ways to update an Electron application. The easiest and officially supported one is taking advantage of the built-in Squirrel framework and Electron's autoUpdater module."
+slug: updates
+hide_title: false
+---
 
-There are several ways to update an Electron application. The easiest and
-officially supported one is taking advantage of the built-in
+There are several ways to provide automatic updates to your Electron application.
+The easiest and officially supported one is taking advantage of the built-in
 [Squirrel](https://github.com/Squirrel) framework and
 Electron's [autoUpdater](../api/auto-updater.md) module.
 
-## Using `update.electronjs.org`
+## Using update.electronjs.org
 
 The Electron team maintains [update.electronjs.org], a free and open-source
 webservice that Electron apps can use to self-update. The service is designed
@@ -13,72 +18,77 @@ for Electron apps that meet the following criteria:
 
 - App runs on macOS or Windows
 - App has a public GitHub repository
-- Builds are published to GitHub Releases
-- Builds are code-signed
+- Builds are published to [GitHub Releases][gh-releases]
+- Builds are [code-signed](./code-signing.md)
 
 The easiest way to use this service is by installing [update-electron-app],
 a Node.js module preconfigured for use with update.electronjs.org.
 
-Install the module:
+Install the module using your Node.js package manager of choice:
 
-```sh
+```sh npm2yarn
 npm install update-electron-app
 ```
 
-Invoke the updater from your app's main process file:
+Then, invoke the updater from your app's main process file:
 
-```js
+```js title="main.js"
 require('update-electron-app')()
 ```
 
 By default, this module will check for updates at app startup, then every ten
-minutes. When an update is found, it will automatically be downloaded in the background. When the download completes, a dialog is displayed allowing the user
-to restart the app.
+minutes. When an update is found, it will automatically be downloaded in the background.
+When the download completes, a dialog is displayed allowing the user to restart the app.
 
 If you need to customize your configuration, you can
-[pass options to `update-electron-app`][update-electron-app]
+[pass options to update-electron-app][update-electron-app]
 or
 [use the update service directly][update.electronjs.org].
 
-## Deploying an Update Server
+## Using other update services
 
 If you're developing a private Electron application, or if you're not
 publishing releases to GitHub Releases, it may be necessary to run your own
 update server.
 
+### Step 1: Deploying an update server
+
 Depending on your needs, you can choose from one of these:
 
 - [Hazel][hazel] – Update server for private or open-source apps which can be
-deployed for free on [Vercel][vercel]. It pulls from [GitHub Releases][gh-releases]
-and leverages the power of GitHub's CDN.
+  deployed for free on [Vercel][vercel]. It pulls from [GitHub Releases][gh-releases]
+  and leverages the power of GitHub's CDN.
 - [Nuts][nuts] – Also uses [GitHub Releases][gh-releases], but caches app
-updates on disk and supports private repositories.
+  updates on disk and supports private repositories.
 - [electron-release-server][electron-release-server] – Provides a dashboard for
-handling releases and does not require releases to originate on GitHub.
+  handling releases and does not require releases to originate on GitHub.
 - [Nucleus][nucleus] – A complete update server for Electron apps maintained by
-Atlassian. Supports multiple applications and channels; uses a static file store
-to minify server cost.
+  Atlassian. Supports multiple applications and channels; uses a static file store
+  to minify server cost.
 
-## Implementing Updates in Your App
+Once you've deployed your update server, you can instrument your app code to receive and
+apply the updates with Electron's [autoUpdater] module.
 
-Once you've deployed your update server, continue with importing the required
-modules in your code. The following code might vary for different server
-software, but it works like described when using
-[Hazel][hazel].
+### Step 2: Receiving updates in your app
 
-**Important:** Please ensure that the code below will only be executed in
-your packaged app, and not in development. You can use
-[electron-is-dev](https://github.com/sindresorhus/electron-is-dev) to check for
-the environment.
+First, import the required modules in your main process code. The following code might
+vary for different server software, but it works like described when using [Hazel][hazel].
 
-```javascript
+:::warning Check your execution environment!
+
+Please ensure that the code below will only be executed in your packaged app, and not in development.
+You can use the [app.isPackaged](../api/app.md#appispackaged-readonly) API to check the environment.
+
+:::
+
+```javascript title='main.js'
 const { app, autoUpdater, dialog } = require('electron')
 ```
 
-Next, construct the URL of the update server and tell
+Next, construct the URL of the update server feed and tell
 [autoUpdater](../api/auto-updater.md) about it:
 
-```javascript
+```javascript title='main.js'
 const server = 'https://your-deployment-url.com'
 const url = `${server}/update/${process.platform}/${app.getVersion()}`
 
@@ -87,32 +97,32 @@ autoUpdater.setFeedURL({ url })
 
 As the final step, check for updates. The example below will check every minute:
 
-```javascript
+```javascript title='main.js'
 setInterval(() => {
   autoUpdater.checkForUpdates()
 }, 60000)
 ```
 
-Once your application is [packaged](../tutorial/application-distribution.md),
+Once your application is [packaged](./application-distribution.md),
 it will receive an update for each new
 [GitHub Release](https://help.github.com/articles/creating-releases/) that you
 publish.
 
-## Applying Updates
+### Step 3: Notifying users when updates are available
 
 Now that you've configured the basic update mechanism for your application, you
 need to ensure that the user will get notified when there's an update. This
-can be achieved using the autoUpdater API
-[events](../api/auto-updater.md#events):
+can be achieved using the [autoUpdater API events](../api/auto-updater.md#events):
 
-```javascript
+```javascript title="main.js"
 autoUpdater.on('update-downloaded', (event, releaseNotes, releaseName) => {
   const dialogOpts = {
     type: 'info',
     buttons: ['Restart', 'Later'],
     title: 'Application Update',
     message: process.platform === 'win32' ? releaseNotes : releaseName,
-    detail: 'A new version has been downloaded. Restart the application to apply the updates.'
+    detail:
+      'A new version has been downloaded. Restart the application to apply the updates.',
   }
 
   dialog.showMessageBox(dialogOpts).then((returnValue) => {
@@ -125,16 +135,22 @@ Also make sure that errors are
 [being handled](../api/auto-updater.md#event-error). Here's an example
 for logging them to `stderr`:
 
-```javascript
-autoUpdater.on('error', message => {
+```javascript title="main.js"
+autoUpdater.on('error', (message) => {
   console.error('There was a problem updating the application')
   console.error(message)
 })
 ```
 
-## Handling Updates Manually
+:::info Handling updates manually
 
-Because the requests made by Auto Update aren't under your direct control, you may find situations that are difficult to handle (such as if the update server is behind authentication). The `url` field does support files, which means that with some effort, you can sidestep the server-communication aspect of the process. [Here's an example of how this could work](https://github.com/electron/electron/issues/5020#issuecomment-477636990).
+Because the requests made by autoUpdate aren't under your direct control, you may find situations
+that are difficult to handle (such as if the update server is behind authentication). The `url`
+field supports the `file://` protocol, which means that with some effort, you can sidestep the
+server-communication aspect of the process by loading your update from a local directory.
+[Here's an example of how this could work](https://github.com/electron/electron/issues/5020#issuecomment-477636990).
+
+:::
 
 [vercel]: https://vercel.com
 [hazel]: https://github.com/vercel/hazel

docs/tutorial/windows-taskbar.md

@@ -1,4 +1,11 @@
-# Taskbar Customization (Windows)
+---
+title: Taskbar Customization
+description: Customize the look and feel of your app's Windows taskbar presence.
+slug: windows-taskbar
+hide_title: true
+---
+
+# Taskbar Customization
 
 ## Overview
 
@@ -34,10 +41,9 @@ as quoted from [MSDN][msdn-jumplist]:
 > confuse the user who does not expect that portion of the destination list to
 > change.
 
-![IE](https://i-msdn.sec.s-msft.com/dynimg/IC420539.png)
+![Taskbar JumpList](../images/windows-taskbar-jumplist.png)
 
-> NOTE: The screenshot above is an example of general tasks of
-Internet Explorer
+> NOTE: The screenshot above is an example of general tasks for Microsoft Edge
 
 Unlike the dock menu in macOS which is a real menu, user tasks in Windows work
 like application shortcuts. For example, when a user clicks a task, the program
@@ -102,7 +108,7 @@ As quoted from [MSDN][msdn-thumbnail]:
 > For example, Windows Media Player might offer standard media transport controls
 > such as play, pause, mute, and stop.
 
-![player](https://i-msdn.sec.s-msft.com/dynimg/IC420540.png)
+![Thumbnail toolbar](../images/windows-taskbar-thumbnail-toolbar.png)
 
 > NOTE: The screenshot above is an example of thumbnail toolbar of Windows
 Media Player
@@ -169,7 +175,7 @@ As quoted from [MSDN][msdn-icon-overlay]:
 > network status, messenger status, or new mail. The user should not be
 > presented with constantly changing overlays or animations.
 
-![Overlay on taskbar button](https://i-msdn.sec.s-msft.com/dynimg/IC420441.png)
+![Overlay on taskbar button](../images/windows-taskbar-icon-overlay.png)
 
 > NOTE: The screenshot above is an example of overlay on a taskbar button
 

electron_paks.gni

@@ -175,8 +175,10 @@ template("electron_paks") {
     source_patterns = [
       "${root_gen_dir}/chrome/platform_locale_settings_",
       "${root_gen_dir}/components/strings/components_strings_",
+      "${root_gen_dir}/third_party/blink/public/strings/blink_accessibility_strings_",
       "${root_gen_dir}/third_party/blink/public/strings/blink_strings_",
       "${root_gen_dir}/device/bluetooth/strings/bluetooth_strings_",
+      "${root_gen_dir}/extensions/strings/extensions_strings_",
       "${root_gen_dir}/services/strings/services_strings_",
       "${root_gen_dir}/ui/strings/app_locale_settings_",
       "${root_gen_dir}/ui/strings/ax_strings_",
@@ -186,20 +188,22 @@ template("electron_paks") {
       "//chrome/app/resources:platform_locale_settings",
       "//components/strings:components_strings",
       "//device/bluetooth/strings",
+      "//extensions/strings",
       "//services/strings",
       "//third_party/blink/public/strings",
+      "//third_party/blink/public/strings:accessibility_strings",
       "//ui/strings:app_locale_settings",
       "//ui/strings:ax_strings",
       "//ui/strings:ui_strings",
     ]
 
-    input_locales = locales
+    input_locales = platform_pak_locales
     output_dir = "${invoker.output_dir}/locales"
 
     if (is_mac) {
       output_locales = locales_as_mac_outputs
     } else {
-      output_locales = locales
+      output_locales = platform_pak_locales
     }
   }
 

electron_strings.grdp

@@ -145,4 +145,16 @@
   </message>
   <message name="IDS_HID_CHOOSER_ITEM_WITHOUT_NAME" desc="User option displaying the device IDs for a Human Interface Device (HID) without a device name.">
         Unknown Device (<ph name="DEVICE_ID">$1<ex>1234:abcd</ex></ph>) </message>
+  <if expr="is_win">
+    <then>
+      <message name="IDS_AX_UNLABELED_IMAGE_ROLE_DESCRIPTION" desc="Accessibility role description for a graphic (image) on a web page or PDF that does not have a description for blind users." is_accessibility_with_no_ui="true">
+        Unlabeled graphic
+      </message>
+    </then>
+    <else>
+      <message name="IDS_AX_UNLABELED_IMAGE_ROLE_DESCRIPTION" desc="Accessibility role description for an image on a web page or PDF that does not have a description for blind users." is_accessibility_with_no_ui="true">
+        Unlabeled image
+      </message>
+    </else>
+  </if>
 </grit-part>

filenames.gni

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ filenames = {
 
   lib_sources_linux = [
     "shell/browser/browser_linux.cc",
+    "shell/browser/electron_browser_main_parts_linux.cc",
     "shell/browser/lib/power_observer_linux.cc",
     "shell/browser/lib/power_observer_linux.h",
     "shell/browser/linux/unity_service.cc",
@@ -53,8 +54,6 @@ filenames = {
     "shell/browser/ui/views/global_menu_bar_x11.h",
     "shell/browser/ui/x/event_disabler.cc",
     "shell/browser/ui/x/event_disabler.h",
-    "shell/browser/ui/x/window_state_watcher.cc",
-    "shell/browser/ui/x/window_state_watcher.h",
     "shell/browser/ui/x/x_window_utils.cc",
     "shell/browser/ui/x/x_window_utils.h",
   ]
@@ -350,6 +349,8 @@ filenames = {
     "shell/browser/child_web_contents_tracker.h",
     "shell/browser/cookie_change_notifier.cc",
     "shell/browser/cookie_change_notifier.h",
+    "shell/browser/electron_api_ipc_handler_impl.cc",
+    "shell/browser/electron_api_ipc_handler_impl.h",
     "shell/browser/electron_autofill_driver.cc",
     "shell/browser/electron_autofill_driver.h",
     "shell/browser/electron_autofill_driver_factory.cc",
@@ -358,8 +359,6 @@ filenames = {
     "shell/browser/electron_browser_client.h",
     "shell/browser/electron_browser_context.cc",
     "shell/browser/electron_browser_context.h",
-    "shell/browser/electron_browser_handler_impl.cc",
-    "shell/browser/electron_browser_handler_impl.h",
     "shell/browser/electron_browser_main_parts.cc",
     "shell/browser/electron_browser_main_parts.h",
     "shell/browser/electron_download_manager_delegate.cc",
@@ -376,6 +375,8 @@ filenames = {
     "shell/browser/electron_quota_permission_context.h",
     "shell/browser/electron_speech_recognition_manager_delegate.cc",
     "shell/browser/electron_speech_recognition_manager_delegate.h",
+    "shell/browser/electron_web_contents_utility_handler_impl.cc",
+    "shell/browser/electron_web_contents_utility_handler_impl.h",
     "shell/browser/electron_web_ui_controller_factory.cc",
     "shell/browser/electron_web_ui_controller_factory.h",
     "shell/browser/event_emitter_mixin.cc",
@@ -386,8 +387,6 @@ filenames = {
     "shell/browser/file_select_helper.cc",
     "shell/browser/file_select_helper.h",
     "shell/browser/file_select_helper_mac.mm",
-    "shell/browser/font/electron_font_access_delegate.cc",
-    "shell/browser/font/electron_font_access_delegate.h",
     "shell/browser/font_defaults.cc",
     "shell/browser/font_defaults.h",
     "shell/browser/hid/electron_hid_delegate.cc",
@@ -681,8 +680,6 @@ filenames = {
   ]
 
   lib_sources_extensions = [
-    "shell/browser/extensions/api/i18n/i18n_api.cc",
-    "shell/browser/extensions/api/i18n/i18n_api.h",
     "shell/browser/extensions/api/cryptotoken_private/cryptotoken_private_api.cc",
     "shell/browser/extensions/api/cryptotoken_private/cryptotoken_private_api.h",
     "shell/browser/extensions/api/management/electron_management_api_delegate.cc",

lib/asar/fs-wrapper.ts

@@ -30,11 +30,13 @@ const getOrCreateArchive = (archivePath: string) => {
     return cachedArchives.get(archivePath);
   }
 
-  const newArchive = asar.createArchive(archivePath);
-  if (!newArchive) return null;
-
-  cachedArchives.set(archivePath, newArchive);
-  return newArchive;
+  try {
+    const newArchive = new asar.Archive(archivePath);
+    cachedArchives.set(archivePath, newArchive);
+    return newArchive;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
 };
 
 const asarRe = /\.asar/i;

lib/browser/api/browser-window.ts

@@ -72,7 +72,10 @@ BrowserWindow.getAllWindows = () => {
 
 BrowserWindow.getFocusedWindow = () => {
   for (const window of BrowserWindow.getAllWindows()) {
-    if (window.isFocused() || window.isDevToolsFocused()) return window;
+    const hasWC = window.webContents && !window.webContents.isDestroyed();
+    if (!window.isDestroyed() && hasWC) {
+      if (window.isFocused() || window.isDevToolsFocused()) return window;
+    }
   }
   return null;
 };