Update the default Model Cache behavior to be more conservative with RAM usage.

This reverts commit 7cdda00a54.

.github/workflows/typegen-checks.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+# Runs typegen schema quality checks.
+# Frontend types should match the server.
+#
+# Checks for changes to files before running the checks.
+# If always_run is true, always runs the checks.
+
+name: 'typegen checks'
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - 'main'
+  pull_request:
+    types:
+      - 'ready_for_review'
+      - 'opened'
+      - 'synchronize'
+  merge_group:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      always_run:
+        description: 'Always run the checks'
+        required: true
+        type: boolean
+        default: true
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      always_run:
+        description: 'Always run the checks'
+        required: true
+        type: boolean
+        default: true
+
+jobs:
+  typegen-checks:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    timeout-minutes: 15 # expected run time: <5 min
+    steps:
+      - name: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: check for changed files
+        if: ${{ inputs.always_run != true }}
+        id: changed-files
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v42
+        with:
+          files_yaml: |
+            src:
+              - 'pyproject.toml'
+              - 'invokeai/**'
+
+      - name: setup python
+        if: ${{ steps.changed-files.outputs.src_any_changed == 'true' || inputs.always_run == true }}
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.10'
+          cache: pip
+          cache-dependency-path: pyproject.toml
+
+      - name: install python dependencies
+        if: ${{ steps.changed-files.outputs.src_any_changed == 'true' || inputs.always_run == true }}
+        run: pip3 install --use-pep517 --editable="."
+
+      - name: install frontend dependencies
+        if: ${{ steps.changed-files.outputs.src_any_changed == 'true' || inputs.always_run == true }}
+        uses: ./.github/actions/install-frontend-deps
+
+      - name: copy schema
+        if: ${{ steps.changed-files.outputs.src_any_changed == 'true' || inputs.always_run == true }}
+        run: cp invokeai/frontend/web/src/services/api/schema.ts invokeai/frontend/web/src/services/api/schema_orig.ts
+        shell: bash
+
+      - name: generate schema
+        if: ${{ steps.changed-files.outputs.src_any_changed == 'true' || inputs.always_run == true }}
+        run: make frontend-typegen
+        shell: bash
+
+      - name: compare files
+        if: ${{ steps.changed-files.outputs.src_any_changed == 'true' || inputs.always_run == true }}
+        run: |
+          if ! diff invokeai/frontend/web/src/services/api/schema.ts invokeai/frontend/web/src/services/api/schema_orig.ts; then
+            echo "Files are different!";
+            exit 1;
+          fi
+        shell: bash

README.md

@@ -30,51 +30,12 @@ Invoke is available in two editions:
 |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 |  [Installation and Updates][installation docs] - [Documentation and Tutorials][docs home] - [Bug Reports][github issues] - [Contributing][contributing docs]  | 
 
-</div>
+# Installation
 
-## Quick Start
+To get started with Invoke, [Download the Installer](https://www.invoke.com/downloads).
 
-1. Download and unzip the installer from the bottom of the [latest release][latest release link].
-2. Run the installer script.
+For detailed step by step instructions, or for instructions on manual/docker installations, visit our documentation on [Installation and Updates][installation docs]
 
-   - **Windows**: Double-click on the `install.bat` script.
-   - **macOS**: Open a Terminal window, drag the file `install.sh` from Finder into the Terminal, and press enter.
-   - **Linux**: Run `install.sh`.
-
-3. When prompted, enter a location for the install and select your GPU type.
-4. Once the install finishes, find the directory you selected during install. The default location is `C:\Users\Username\invokeai` for Windows or `~/invokeai` for Linux/macOS.
-5. Run the launcher script (`invoke.bat` for Windows, `invoke.sh` for macOS and Linux) the same way you ran the installer script in step 2.
-6. Select option 1 to start the application. Once it starts up, open your browser and go to <http://localhost:9090>.
-7. Open the model manager tab to install a starter model and then you'll be ready to generate.
-
-More detail, including hardware requirements and manual install instructions, are available in the [installation documentation][installation docs].
-
-## Docker Container
-
-We publish official container images in Github Container Registry: https://github.com/invoke-ai/InvokeAI/pkgs/container/invokeai. Both CUDA and ROCm images are available. Check the above link for relevant tags.
-
-> [!IMPORTANT]
-> Ensure that Docker is set up to use the GPU. Refer to [NVIDIA][nvidia docker docs] or [AMD][amd docker docs] documentation.
-
-### Generate!
-
-Run the container, modifying the command as necessary:
-
-```bash
-docker run --runtime=nvidia --gpus=all --publish 9090:9090 ghcr.io/invoke-ai/invokeai
-```
-
-Then open `http://localhost:9090` and install some models using the Model Manager tab to begin generating.
-
-For ROCm, add `--device /dev/kfd --device /dev/dri` to the `docker run` command.
-
-### Persist your data
-
-You will likely want to persist your workspace outside of the container. Use the `--volume /home/myuser/invokeai:/invokeai` flag to mount some local directory (using its **absolute** path) to the `/invokeai` path inside the container. Your generated images and models will reside there. You can use this directory with other InvokeAI installations, or switch between runtime directories as needed.
-
-### DIY
-
-Build your own image and customize the environment to match your needs using our `docker-compose` stack. See [README.md](./docker/README.md) in the [docker](./docker) directory.
 
 ## Troubleshooting, FAQ and Support
 

docs/configuration.md

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ It has two sections - one for internal use and one for user settings:
 
 ```yaml
 # Internal metadata - do not edit:
-schema_version: 4
+schema_version: 4.0.2
 
 # Put user settings here - see https://invoke-ai.github.io/InvokeAI/features/CONFIGURATION/:
 host: 0.0.0.0 # serve the app on your local network
@@ -83,6 +83,10 @@ A subset of settings may be specified using CLI args:
 - `--root`: specify the root directory
 - `--config`: override the default `invokeai.yaml` file location
 
+### Low-VRAM Mode
+
+See the [Low-VRAM mode docs][low-vram] for details on enabling this feature.
+
 ### All Settings
 
 Following the table are additional explanations for certain settings.
@@ -114,6 +118,10 @@ remote_api_tokens:
 
 The provided token will be added as a `Bearer` token to the network requests to download the model files. As far as we know, this works for all model marketplaces that require authorization.
 
+!!! tip "HuggingFace Models"
+
+    If you get an error when installing a HF model using a URL instead of repo id, you may need to [set up a HF API token](https://huggingface.co/settings/tokens) and add an entry for it under `remote_api_tokens`. Use `huggingface.co` for `url_regex`.
+
 #### Model Hashing
 
 Models are hashed during installation, providing a stable identifier for models across all platforms. Hashing is a one-time operation.
@@ -181,3 +189,4 @@ The `log_format` option provides several alternative formats:
 
 [basic guide to yaml files]: https://circleci.com/blog/what-is-yaml-a-beginner-s-guide/
 [Model Marketplace API Keys]: #model-marketplace-api-keys
+[low-vram]: ./features/low-vram.md

docs/contributing/MODEL_MANAGER.md

@@ -1364,7 +1364,6 @@ the in-memory loaded model:
 |----------------|-----------------|------------------|
 | `config`       | AnyModelConfig         | A copy of the model's configuration record for retrieving base type, etc. |
 | `model`        | AnyModel               | The instantiated model (details below) |
-| `locker`       | ModelLockerBase        | A context manager that mediates the movement of the model into VRAM |
 
 ### get_model_by_key(key, [submodel]) -> LoadedModel
 

docs/contributing/dev-environment.md

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 # Dev Environment
 
-To make changes to Invoke's backend, frontend, or documentation, you'll need to set up a dev environment.
+To make changes to Invoke's backend, frontend or documentation, you'll need to set up a dev environment.
 
-If you just want to use Invoke, you should use the [installer][installer link].
+If you only want to make changes to the docs site, you can skip the frontend dev environment setup as described in the below guide.
 
-!!! info "Why do I need the frontend toolchain?"
-
-    The repo doesn't contain a build of the frontend. You'll be responsible for rebuilding it every time you pull in new changes, or run it in dev mode (which incurs a substantial performance penalty).
+If you just want to use Invoke, you should use the [launcher][launcher link].
 
 !!! warning
 
@@ -17,84 +15,66 @@ If you just want to use Invoke, you should use the [installer][installer link].
 ## Setup
 
 1. Run through the [requirements][requirements link].
+
 2. [Fork and clone][forking link] the [InvokeAI repo][repo link].
+
 3. Create an directory for user data (images, models, db, etc). This is typically at `~/invokeai`, but if you already have a non-dev install, you may want to create a separate directory for the dev install.
-4. Create a python virtual environment inside the directory you just created:
+
+4. Follow the [manual install][manual install link] guide, with some modifications to the install command:
+
+      - Use `.` instead of `invokeai` to install from the current directory. You don't need to specify the version.
+
+      - Add `-e` after the `install` operation to make this an [editable install][editable install link]. That means your changes to the python code will be reflected when you restart the Invoke server.
+
+      - When installing the `invokeai` package, add the `dev`, `test` and `docs` package options to the package specifier. You may or may not need the `xformers` option - follow the manual install guide to figure that out. So, your package specifier will be either `".[dev,test,docs]"` or `".[dev,test,docs,xformers]"`. Note the quotes!
+
+     With the modifications made, the install command should look something like this:
 
       ```sh
-      python3 -m venv .venv --prompt InvokeAI-Dev
+      uv pip install -e ".[dev,test,docs,xformers]" --python 3.11 --python-preference only-managed --index=https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu124 --reinstall
       ```
 
-5. Activate the venv (you'll need to do this every time you want to run the app):
+5. At this point, you should have Invoke installed, a venv set up and activated, and the server running. But you will see a warning in the terminal that no UI was found. If you go to the URL for the server, you won't get a UI.
+
+      This is because the UI build is not distributed with the source code. You need to build it manually. End the running server instance.
+
+      If you only want to edit the docs, you can stop here and skip to the **Documentation** section below.
+
+6. Install the frontend dev toolchain:
+
+      - [`nodejs`](https://nodejs.org/) (v20+)
+
+      - [`pnpm`](https://pnpm.io/8.x/installation) (must be v8 - not v9!)
+
+7. Do a production build of the frontend:
 
       ```sh
-      source .venv/bin/activate
-      ```
-
-6. Install the repo as an [editable install][editable install link]:
-
-      ```sh
-      pip install -e ".[dev,test,xformers]" --use-pep517 --extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu121
-      ```
-
-      Refer to the [manual installation][manual install link] instructions for more determining the correct install options. `xformers` is optional, but `dev` and `test` are not.
-
-7. Install the frontend dev toolchain:
-
-   - [`nodejs`](https://nodejs.org/) (recommend v20 LTS)
-   - [`pnpm`](https://pnpm.io/8.x/installation) (must be v8 - not v9!)
-
-8. Do a production build of the frontend:
-
-      ```sh
-      cd PATH_TO_INVOKEAI_REPO/invokeai/frontend/web
+      cd <PATH_TO_INVOKEAI_REPO>/invokeai/frontend/web
       pnpm i
       pnpm build
       ```
 
-9. Start the application:
-
-      ```sh
-      cd PATH_TO_INVOKEAI_REPO
-      python scripts/invokeai-web.py
-      ```
-
-10. Access the UI at `localhost:9090`.
+8. Restart the server and navigate to the URL. You should get a UI. After making changes to the python code, restart the server to see those changes.
 
 ## Updating the UI
 
-You'll need to run `pnpm build` every time you pull in new changes. Another option is to skip the build and instead run the app in dev mode:
+You'll need to run `pnpm build` every time you pull in new changes.
+
+Another option is to skip the build and instead run the UI in dev mode:
 
 ```sh
 pnpm dev
 ```
 
-This starts a dev server at `localhost:5173`, which you will use instead of `localhost:9090`.
+This starts a vite dev server for the UI at `127.0.0.1:5173`, which you will use instead of `127.0.0.1:9090`.
 
-The dev mode is substantially slower than the production build but may be more convenient if you just need to test things out.
+The dev mode is substantially slower than the production build but may be more convenient if you just need to test things out. It will hot-reload the UI as you make changes to the frontend code. Sometimes the hot-reload doesn't work, and you need to manually refresh the browser tab.
 
 ## Documentation
 
-The documentation is built with `mkdocs`. To preview it locally, you need a additional set of packages installed.
+The documentation is built with `mkdocs`. It provides a hot-reload dev server for the docs. Start it with `mkdocs serve`.
 
-```sh
-# after activating the venv
-pip install -e ".[docs]"
-```
-
-Then, you can start a live docs dev server, which will auto-refresh when you edit the docs:
-
-```sh
-mkdocs serve
-```
-
-On macOS and Linux, there is a `make` target for this:
-
-```sh
-make docs
-```
-
-[installer link]: ../installation/installer.md
+[launcher link]: ../installation/quick_start.md
 [forking link]: https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/working-with-forks/fork-a-repo
 [requirements link]: ../installation/requirements.md
 [repo link]: https://github.com/invoke-ai/InvokeAI

docs/features/low-vram.md

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+---
+title: Low-VRAM mode
+---
+
+As of v5.6.0, Invoke has a low-VRAM mode. It works on systems with dedicated GPUs (Nvidia GPUs on Windows/Linux and AMD GPUs on Linux).
+
+This allows you to generate even if your GPU doesn't have enough VRAM to hold full models. Most users should be able to run even the beefiest models - like the ~24GB unquantised FLUX dev model.
+
+## Enabling Low-VRAM mode
+
+To enable Low-VRAM mode, add this line to your `invokeai.yaml` configuration file, then restart Invoke:
+
+```yaml
+enable_partial_loading: true
+```
+
+**Windows users should also [disable the Nvidia sysmem fallback](#disabling-nvidia-sysmem-fallback-windows-only)**.
+
+It is possible to fine-tune the settings for best performance or if you still get out-of-memory errors (OOMs).
+
+!!! tip "How to find `invokeai.yaml`"
+
+    The `invokeai.yaml` configuration file lives in your install directory. To access it, run the **Invoke Community Edition** launcher and click the install location. This will open your install directory in a file explorer window.
+
+    You'll see `invokeai.yaml` there and can edit it with any text editor. After making changes, restart Invoke.
+
+    If you don't see `invokeai.yaml`, launch Invoke once. It will create the file on its first startup.
+
+## Details and fine-tuning
+
+Low-VRAM mode involves 3 features, each of which can be configured or fine-tuned:
+
+- Partial model loading
+- Dynamic RAM and VRAM cache sizes
+- Working memory
+
+Read on to learn about these features and understand how to fine-tune them for your system and use-cases.
+
+### Partial model loading
+
+Invoke's partial model loading works by streaming model "layers" between RAM and VRAM as they are needed.
+
+When an operation needs layers that are not in VRAM, but there isn't enough room to load them, inactive layers are offloaded to RAM to make room.
+
+#### Enabling partial model loading
+
+As described above, you can enable partial model loading by adding this line to `invokeai.yaml`:
+
+```yaml
+enable_partial_loading: true
+```
+
+### Dynamic RAM and VRAM cache sizes
+
+Loading models from disk is slow and can be a major bottleneck for performance. Invoke uses two model caches - RAM and VRAM - to reduce loading from disk to a minimum.
+
+By default, Invoke manages these caches' sizes dynamically for best performance.
+
+#### Fine-tuning cache sizes
+
+Prior to v5.6.0, the cache sizes were static, and for best performance, many users needed to manually fine-tune the `ram` and `vram` settings in `invokeai.yaml`.
+
+As of v5.6.0, the caches are dynamically sized. The `ram` and `vram` settings are no longer used, and new settings are added to configure the cache.
+
+**Most users will not need to fine-tune the cache sizes.**
+
+But, if your GPU has enough VRAM to hold models fully, you might get a perf boost by manually setting the cache sizes in `invokeai.yaml`:
+
+```yaml
+# Set the RAM cache size to as large as possible, leaving a few GB free for the rest of your system and Invoke.
+# For example, if your system has 32GB RAM, 28GB is a good value.
+max_cache_ram_gb: 28
+# Set the VRAM cache size to be as large as possible while leaving enough room for the working memory of the tasks you will be doing.
+# For example, on a 24GB GPU that will be running unquantized FLUX without any auxiliary models,
+# 18GB is a good value.
+max_cache_vram_gb: 18
+```
+
+!!! tip "Max safe value for `max_cache_vram_gb`"
+
+    To determine the max safe value for `max_cache_vram_gb`, subtract `device_working_mem_gb` from your GPU's VRAM. As described below, the default for `device_working_mem_gb` is 3GB.
+
+    For example, if you have a 12GB GPU, the max safe value for `max_cache_vram_gb` is `12GB - 3GB = 9GB`.
+
+    If you had increased `device_working_mem_gb` to 4GB, then the max safe value for `max_cache_vram_gb` is `12GB - 4GB = 8GB`.
+
+### Working memory
+
+Invoke cannot use _all_ of your VRAM for model caching and loading. It requires some VRAM to use as working memory for various operations.
+
+Invoke reserves 3GB VRAM as working memory by default, which is enough for most use-cases. However, it is possible to fine-tune this setting if you still get OOMs.
+
+#### Fine-tuning working memory
+
+You can increase the working memory size in `invokeai.yaml` to prevent OOMs:
+
+```yaml
+# The default is 3GB - bump it up to 4GB to prevent OOMs.
+device_working_mem_gb: 4
+```
+
+!!! tip "Operations may request more working memory"
+
+    For some operations, we can determine VRAM requirements in advance and allocate additional working memory to prevent OOMs.
+
+    VAE decoding is one such operation. This operation converts the generation process's output into an image. For large image outputs, this might use more than the default working memory size of 3GB.
+
+    During this decoding step, Invoke calculates how much VRAM will be required to decode and requests that much VRAM from the model manager. If the amount exceeds the working memory size, the model manager will offload cached model layers from VRAM until there's enough VRAM to decode.
+
+    Once decoding completes, the model manager "reclaims" the extra VRAM allocated as working memory for future model loading operations.
+
+### Disabling Nvidia sysmem fallback (Windows only)
+
+On Windows, Nvidia GPUs are able to use system RAM when their VRAM fills up via **sysmem fallback**. While it sounds like a good idea on the surface, in practice it causes massive slowdowns during generation.
+
+It is strongly suggested to disable this feature:
+
+- Open the **NVIDIA Control Panel** app.
+- Expand **3D Settings** on the left panel.
+- Click **Manage 3D Settings** in the left panel.
+- Find **CUDA - Sysmem Fallback Policy** in the right panel and set it to **Prefer No Sysmem Fallback**.
+
+![cuda-sysmem-fallback](./cuda-sysmem-fallback.png)
+
+!!! tip "Invoke does the same thing, but better"
+
+    If the sysmem fallback feature sounds familiar, that's because Invoke's partial model loading strategy is conceptually very similar - use VRAM when there's room, else fall back to RAM.
+
+    Unfortunately, the Nvidia implementation is not optimized for applications like Invoke and does more harm than good.

docs/index.md

@@ -50,11 +50,9 @@ title: Invoke
 
 ## Installation
 
-The [installer script](installation/installer.md) is the easiest way to install and update the application.
+The [Invoke Launcher](installation/quick_start.md) is the easiest way to install, update and run Invoke on Windows, macOS and Linux.
 
-You can also install Invoke as python package [via PyPI](installation/manual.md) or [docker](installation/docker.md).
-
-See the [installation section](./installation/index.md) for more information.
+You can also install Invoke as [python package](installation/manual.md) or with [docker](installation/docker.md).
 
 ## Help
 

docs/installation/docker.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ title: Docker
 
 !!! warning "macOS users"
 
-    Docker can not access the GPU on macOS, so your generation speeds will be slow. Use the [installer](./installer.md) instead.
+    Docker can not access the GPU on macOS, so your generation speeds will be slow. Use the [launcher](./quick_start.md) instead.
 
 !!! tip "Linux and Windows Users"
 

docs/installation/index.md

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-# Installation and Updating Overview
-
-Before installing, review the [installation requirements](./requirements.md) to ensure your system is set up properly.
-
-See the [FAQ](../faq.md) for frequently-encountered installation issues.
-
-If you need more help, join our [discord](https://discord.gg/ZmtBAhwWhy) or [create a GitHub issue](https://github.com/invoke-ai/InvokeAI/issues).
-
-## Automated Installer & Updates
-
-✅ The automated [installer](./installer.md) is the best way to install Invoke.
-
-⬆️ The same installer is also the best way to update Invoke - simply rerun it for the same folder you installed to.
-
-The installation process simply manages installation for the core libraries & application dependencies that run Invoke.
-
-Models, images, or other assets in the Invoke root folder won't be affected by the installation process.
-
-## Manual Install
-
-If you are familiar with python and want more control over the packages that are installed, you can [install Invoke manually via PyPI](./manual.md).
-
-Updates are managed by reinstalling the latest version through PyPi.
-
-## Developer Install
-
-If you want to contribute to InvokeAI, you'll need to set up a [dev environment](../contributing/dev-environment.md).
-
-## Docker
-
-Invoke publishes docker images. See the [docker installation guide](./docker.md) for details.
-
-## Other Installation Guides
-
-- [PyPatchMatch](./patchmatch.md)
-- [Installing Models](./models.md)

docs/installation/legacy_scripts.md

@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
-# Automatic Install & Updates
+# Legacy Scripts
+
+!!! warning "Legacy Scripts"
+
+    We recommend using the Invoke Launcher to install and update Invoke. It's a desktop application for Windows, macOS and Linux. It takes care of a lot of nitty gritty details for you.
+
+    Follow the [quick start guide](./quick_start.md) to get started.
 
 !!! tip "Use the installer to update"
 

docs/installation/manual.md

@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
 
     **Python experience is mandatory.**
 
-    If you want to use Invoke locally, you should probably use the [installer](./installer.md).
+    If you want to use Invoke locally, you should probably use the [launcher](./quick_start.md).
 
-    If you want to contribute to Invoke, instead follow the [dev environment](../contributing/dev-environment.md) guide.
+    If you want to contribute to Invoke or run the app on the latest dev branch, instead follow the [dev environment](../contributing/dev-environment.md) guide.
 
-InvokeAI is distributed as a python package on PyPI, installable with `pip`. There are a few things that are handled by the installer and launcher that you'll need to manage manually, described in this guide.
+InvokeAI is distributed as a python package on PyPI, installable with `pip`. There are a few things that are handled by the launcher that you'll need to manage manually, described in this guide.
 
 ## Requirements
 
@@ -16,43 +16,39 @@ Before you start, go through the [installation requirements](./requirements.md).
 
 ## Walkthrough
 
-1. Create a directory to contain your InvokeAI library, configuration files, and models. This is known as the "runtime" or "root" directory, and typically lives in your home directory under the name `invokeai`.
+We'll use [`uv`](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv) to install python and create a virtual environment, then install the `invokeai` package. `uv` is a modern, very fast alternative to `pip`.
+
+The following commands vary depending on the version of Invoke being installed and the system onto which it is being installed.
+
+1. Install `uv` as described in its [docs](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/getting-started/installation/#standalone-installer). We suggest using the standalone installer method.
+
+    Run `uv --version` to confirm that `uv` is installed and working. After installation, you may need to restart your terminal to get access to `uv`.
+
+2. Create a directory for your installation, typically in your home directory (e.g. `~/invokeai` or `$Home/invokeai`):
 
     === "Linux/macOS"
 
         ```bash
         mkdir ~/invokeai
+        cd ~/invokeai
         ```
 
     === "Windows (PowerShell)"
 
         ```bash
         mkdir $Home/invokeai
-        ```
-
-1. Enter the root directory and create a virtual Python environment within it named `.venv`.
-
-    !!! warning "Virtual Environment Location"
-
-        While you may create the virtual environment anywhere in the file system, we recommend that you create it within the root directory as shown here. This allows the application to automatically detect its data directories.
-
-        If you choose a different location for the venv, then you _must_ set the `INVOKEAI_ROOT` environment variable or specify the root directory using the `--root` CLI arg.
-
-    === "Linux/macOS"
-
-        ```bash
-        cd ~/invokeai
-        python3 -m venv .venv --prompt InvokeAI
-        ```
-
-    === "Windows (PowerShell)"
-
-        ```bash
         cd $Home/invokeai
-        python3 -m venv .venv --prompt InvokeAI
         ```
 
-1. Activate the new environment:
+3. Create a virtual environment in that directory:
+
+    ```sh
+    uv venv --relocatable --prompt invoke --python 3.11 --python-preference only-managed .venv
+    ```
+
+    This command creates a portable virtual environment at `.venv` complete with a portable python 3.11. It doesn't matter if your system has no python installed, or has a different version - `uv` will handle everything.
+
+4. Activate the virtual environment:
 
     === "Linux/macOS"
 
@@ -60,41 +56,48 @@ Before you start, go through the [installation requirements](./requirements.md).
         source .venv/bin/activate
         ```
 
-    === "Windows"
+    === "Windows (PowerShell)"
 
         ```ps
         .venv\Scripts\activate
         ```
 
-    !!! info "Permissions Error (Windows)"
+5. Choose a version to install. Review the [GitHub releases page](https://github.com/invoke-ai/InvokeAI/releases).
 
-        If you get a permissions error at this point, run this command and try again.
+6. Determine the package package specifier to use when installing. This is a performance optimization.
 
-        `Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser`
+    - If you have an Nvidia 20xx series GPU or older, use `invokeai[xformers]`.
+    - If you have an Nvidia 30xx series GPU or newer, or do not have an Nvidia GPU, use `invokeai`.
 
-    The command-line prompt should change to to show `(InvokeAI)`, indicating the venv is active.
+7. Determine the `PyPI` index URL to use for installation, if any. This is necessary to get the right version of torch installed.
 
-1. Make sure that pip is installed in your virtual environment and up to date:
+    === "Invoke v5 or later"
 
-    ```bash
-    python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        - If you are on Windows with an Nvidia GPU, use `https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu124`.
+        - If you are on Linux with no GPU, use `https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu`.
+        - If you are on Linux with an AMD GPU, use `https://download.pytorch.org/whl/rocm6.1`.
+        - **In all other cases, do not use an index.**
+
+    === "Invoke v4"
+
+        - If you are on Windows with an Nvidia GPU, use `https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu124`.
+        - If you are on Linux with no GPU, use `https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu`.
+        - If you are on Linux with an AMD GPU, use `https://download.pytorch.org/whl/rocm5.2`.
+        - **In all other cases, do not use an index.**
+
+8. Install the `invokeai` package. Substitute the package specifier and version.
+
+    ```sh
+    uv pip install <PACKAGE_SPECIFIER>=<VERSION> --python 3.11 --python-preference only-managed --force-reinstall
     ```
 
-1. Install the InvokeAI Package. The base command is `pip install InvokeAI --use-pep517`, but you may need to change this depending on your system and the desired features.
+    If you determined you needed to use a `PyPI` index URL in the previous step, you'll need to add `--index=<INDEX_URL>` like this:
 
-    - You may need to provide an [extra index URL](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/cli/pip_install/#cmdoption-extra-index-url). Select your platform configuration using [this tool on the PyTorch website](https://pytorch.org/get-started/locally/). Copy the `--extra-index-url` string from this and append it to your install command.
+    ```sh
+    uv pip install <PACKAGE_SPECIFIER>=<VERSION> --python 3.11 --python-preference only-managed --index=<INDEX_URL> --force-reinstall
+    ```
 
-        ```bash
-        pip install InvokeAI --use-pep517 --extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu121
-        ```
-
-    - If you have a CUDA GPU and want to install with `xformers`, you need to add an option to the package name. Note that `xformers` is not strictly necessary. PyTorch includes an implementation of the SDP attention algorithm with similar performance for most GPUs.
-
-        ```bash
-        pip install "InvokeAI[xformers]" --use-pep517
-        ```
-
-1. Deactivate and reactivate your venv so that the invokeai-specific commands become available in the environment:
+9. Deactivate and reactivate your venv so that the invokeai-specific commands become available in the environment:
 
     === "Linux/macOS"
 
@@ -102,17 +105,31 @@ Before you start, go through the [installation requirements](./requirements.md).
         deactivate && source .venv/bin/activate
         ```
 
-    === "Windows"
+    === "Windows (PowerShell)"
 
         ```ps
         deactivate
         .venv\Scripts\activate
         ```
 
-1. Run the application:
+10. Run the application, specifying the directory you created earlier as the root directory:
 
-    Run `invokeai-web` to start the UI. You must activate the virtual environment before running the app.
+    === "Linux/macOS"
 
-    !!! warning
+        ```bash
+        invokeai-web --root ~/invokeai
+        ```
 
-        If the virtual environment is _not_ inside the root directory, then you _must_ specify the path to the root directory with `--root \path\to\invokeai` or the `INVOKEAI_ROOT` environment variable.
+    === "Windows (PowerShell)"
+
+        ```bash
+        invokeai-web --root $Home/invokeai
+        ```
+
+## Headless Install and Launch Scripts
+
+If you run Invoke on a headless server, you might want to install and run Invoke on the command line.
+
+We do not plan to maintain scripts to do this moving forward, instead focusing our dev resources on the GUI [launcher](../installation/quick_start.md).
+
+You can create your own scripts for this by copying the handful of commands in this guide. `uv`'s [`pip` interface docs](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/reference/cli/#uv-pip-install) may be useful.

docs/installation/quick_start.md

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+# Invoke Community Edition Quick Start
+
+Welcome to Invoke! Follow these steps to install, update, and get started creating.
+
+## Step 1: System Requirements
+
+Invoke runs on Windows 10+, macOS 14+ and Linux (Ubuntu 20.04+ is well-tested).
+
+Hardware requirements vary significantly depending on model and image output size. The requirements below are rough guidelines.
+
+- All Apple Silicon (M1, M2, etc) Macs work, but 16GB+ memory is recommended.
+- AMD GPUs are supported on Linux only. The VRAM requirements are the same as Nvidia GPUs.
+
+!!! info "Hardware Requirements (Windows/Linux)"
+
+    === "SD1.5 - 512×512"
+
+        - GPU: Nvidia 10xx series or later, 4GB+ VRAM.
+        - Memory: At least 8GB RAM.
+        - Disk: 10GB for base installation plus 30GB for models.
+
+    === "SDXL - 1024×1024"
+
+        - GPU: Nvidia 20xx series or later, 8GB+ VRAM.
+        - Memory: At least 16GB RAM.
+        - Disk: 10GB for base installation plus 100GB for models.
+
+    === "FLUX - 1024×1024"
+
+        - GPU: Nvidia 20xx series or later, 10GB+ VRAM.
+        - Memory: At least 32GB RAM.
+        - Disk: 10GB for base installation plus 200GB for models.
+
+More detail on system requirements can be found [here](./requirements.md).
+
+## Step 2: Download
+
+Download the most launcher for your operating system:
+
+- [Download for Windows](https://download.invoke.ai/Invoke%20Community%20Edition.exe)
+- [Download for macOS](https://download.invoke.ai/Invoke%20Community%20Edition.dmg)
+- [Download for Linux](https://download.invoke.ai/Invoke%20Community%20Edition.AppImage)
+
+## Step 3: Install or Update
+
+Run the launcher you just downloaded, click **Install** and follow the instructions to get set up.
+
+If you have an existing Invoke installation, you can select it and let the launcher manage the install. You'll be able to update or launch the installation.
+
+!!! warning "Problem running the launcher on macOS"
+
+    macOS may not allow you to run the launcher. We are working to resolve this by signing the launcher executable. Until that is done, you can either use the [legacy scripts](./legacy_scripts.md) to install, or manually flag the launcher as safe:
+
+    - Open the **Invoke-Installer-mac-arm64.dmg** file.
+    - Drag the launcher to **Applications**.
+    - Open a terminal.
+    - Run `xattr -d 'com.apple.quarantine' /Applications/Invoke\ Community\ Edition.app`.
+
+    You should now be able to run the launcher.
+
+## Step 4: Launch
+
+Once installed, click **Finish**, then **Launch** to start Invoke.
+
+The very first run after an installation or update will take a few extra moments to get ready.
+
+!!! tip "Server Mode"
+
+    The launcher runs Invoke as a desktop application. You can enable **Server Mode** in the launcher's settings to disable this and instead access the UI through your web browser.
+
+## Step 5: Install Models
+
+With Invoke started up, you'll need to install some models.
+
+The quickest way to get started is to install a **Starter Model** bundle. If you already have a model collection, Invoke can use it.
+
+!!! info "Install Models"
+
+    === "Install a Starter Model bundle"
+
+        1. Go to the **Models** tab.
+        2. Click **Starter Models** on the right.
+        3. Click one of the bundles to install its models. Refer to the [system requirements](#step-1-confirm-system-requirements) if you're unsure which model architecture will work for your system.
+
+    === "Use my model collection"
+
+        4. Go to the **Models** tab.
+        5. Click **Scan Folder** on the right.
+        6. Paste the path to your models collection and click **Scan Folder**.
+        7. With **In-place install** enabled, Invoke will leave the model files where they are. If you disable this, **Invoke will move the models into its own folders**.
+
+You’re now ready to start creating!
+
+## Step 6: Learn the Basics
+
+We recommend watching our [Getting Started Playlist](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvWK1Kc8iXGrQy8r9TYg6QdUuJ5MMx-ZO). It covers essential features and workflows, including:
+
+- Generating your first image.
+- Using control layers and reference guides.
+- Refining images with advanced workflows.
+
+## Other Installation Methods
+
+- You can install the Invoke application as a python package. See our [manual install](./manual.md) docs.
+- You can run Invoke with docker. See our [docker install](./docker.md) docs.
+- You can still use our legacy scripts to install and run Invoke. See the [legacy scripts](./legacy_scripts.md) docs.
+
+## Need Help?
+
+- Visit our [Support Portal](https://support.invoke.ai).
+- Watch the [Getting Started Playlist](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvWK1Kc8iXGrQy8r9TYg6QdUuJ5MMx-ZO).
+- Join the conversation on [Discord][discord link].
+
+[discord link]: https://discord.gg/ZmtBAhwWhy

docs/installation/requirements.md

@@ -1,90 +1,33 @@
 # Requirements
 
-## GPU
+Invoke runs on Windows 10+, macOS 14+ and Linux (Ubuntu 20.04+ is well-tested).
 
-!!! warning "Problematic Nvidia GPUs"
+## Hardware
 
-    We do not recommend these GPUs. They cannot operate with half precision, but have insufficient VRAM to generate 512x512 images at full precision.
+Hardware requirements vary significantly depending on model and image output size. The requirements below are rough guidelines.
 
-    - NVIDIA 10xx series cards such as the 1080 TI
-    - GTX 1650 series cards
-    - GTX 1660 series cards
+- All Apple Silicon (M1, M2, etc) Macs work, but 16GB+ memory is recommended.
+- AMD GPUs are supported on Linux only. The VRAM requirements are the same as Nvidia GPUs.
 
-Invoke runs best with a dedicated GPU, but will fall back to running on CPU, albeit much slower. You'll need a beefier GPU for SDXL.
+!!! info "Hardware Requirements (Windows/Linux)"
 
-!!! example "Stable Diffusion 1.5"
+    === "SD1.5 - 512×512"
 
-    === "Nvidia"
+        - GPU: Nvidia 10xx series or later, 4GB+ VRAM.
+        - Memory: At least 8GB RAM.
+        - Disk: 10GB for base installation plus 30GB for models.
 
-        ```
-        Any GPU with at least 4GB VRAM.
-        ```
+    === "SDXL - 1024×1024"
 
-    === "AMD"
+        - GPU: Nvidia 20xx series or later, 8GB+ VRAM.
+        - Memory: At least 16GB RAM.
+        - Disk: 10GB for base installation plus 100GB for models.
 
-        ```
-        Any GPU with at least 4GB VRAM. Linux only.
-        ```
+    === "FLUX - 1024×1024"
 
-    === "Mac"
-
-        ```
-        Any Apple Silicon Mac with at least 8GB memory.
-        ```
-
-!!! example "Stable Diffusion XL"
-
-    === "Nvidia"
-
-        ```
-        Any GPU with at least 8GB VRAM.
-        ```
-
-    === "AMD"
-
-        ```
-        Any GPU with at least 16GB VRAM. Linux only.
-        ```
-
-    === "Mac"
-
-        ```
-        Any Apple Silicon Mac with at least 16GB memory.
-        ```
-
-## RAM
-
-At least 12GB of RAM.
-
-## Disk
-
-SSDs will, of course, offer the best performance.
-
-The base application disk usage depends on the torch backend.
-
-!!! example "Disk"
-
-    === "Nvidia (CUDA)"
-
-        ```
-        ~6.5GB
-        ```
-
-    === "AMD (ROCm)"
-
-        ```
-        ~12GB
-        ```
-
-    === "Mac (MPS)"
-
-        ```
-        ~3.5GB
-        ```
-
-You'll need to set aside some space for images, depending on how much you generate. A couple GB is enough to get started.
-
-You'll need a good chunk of space for models. Even if you only install the most popular models and the usual support models (ControlNet, IP Adapter ,etc), you will quickly hit 50GB of models.
+        - GPU: Nvidia 20xx series or later, 10GB+ VRAM.
+        - Memory: At least 32GB RAM.
+        - Disk: 10GB for base installation plus 200GB for models.
 
 !!! info "`tmpfs` on Linux"
 
@@ -92,26 +35,32 @@ You'll need a good chunk of space for models. Even if you only install the most
 
 ## Python
 
+!!! tip "The launcher installs python for you"
+
+    You don't need to do this if you are installing with the [Invoke Launcher](./quick_start.md).
+
 Invoke requires python 3.10 or 3.11. If you don't already have one of these versions installed, we suggest installing 3.11, as it will be supported for longer.
 
-Check that your system has an up-to-date Python installed by running `python --version` in the terminal (Linux, macOS) or cmd/powershell (Windows).
+Check that your system has an up-to-date Python installed by running `python3 --version` in the terminal (Linux, macOS) or cmd/powershell (Windows).
 
-<h3>Installing Python (Windows)</h3>
+!!! info "Installing Python"
 
-- Install python 3.11 with [an official installer].
-- The installer includes an option to add python to your PATH. Be sure to enable this. If you missed it, re-run the installer, choose to modify an existing installation, and tick that checkbox.
-- You may need to install [Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable].
+    === "Windows"
 
-<h3>Installing Python (macOS)</h3>
+        - Install python 3.11 with [an official installer].
+        - The installer includes an option to add python to your PATH. Be sure to enable this. If you missed it, re-run the installer, choose to modify an existing installation, and tick that checkbox.
+        - You may need to install [Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable].
 
-- Install python 3.11 with [an official installer].
-- If model installs fail with a certificate error, you may need to run this command (changing the python version to match what you have installed): `/Applications/Python\ 3.10/Install\ Certificates.command`
-- If you haven't already, you will need to install the XCode CLI Tools by running `xcode-select --install` in a terminal.
+    === "macOS"
 
-<h3>Installing Python (Linux)</h3>
+        - Install python 3.11 with [an official installer].
+        - If model installs fail with a certificate error, you may need to run this command (changing the python version to match what you have installed): `/Applications/Python\ 3.10/Install\ Certificates.command`
+        - If you haven't already, you will need to install the XCode CLI Tools by running `xcode-select --install` in a terminal.
 
-- Follow the [linux install instructions], being sure to install python 3.11.
-- You'll need to install `libglib2.0-0` and `libgl1-mesa-glx` for OpenCV to work. For example, on a Debian system: `sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y libglib2.0-0 libgl1-mesa-glx`
+    === "Linux"
+
+        - Installing python varies depending on your system. On Ubuntu, you can use the [deadsnakes PPA](https://launchpad.net/~deadsnakes/+archive/ubuntu/ppa).
+        - You'll need to install `libglib2.0-0` and `libgl1-mesa-glx` for OpenCV to work. For example, on a Debian system: `sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y libglib2.0-0 libgl1-mesa-glx`
 
 ## Drivers
 
@@ -175,7 +124,4 @@ An alternative to installing ROCm locally is to use a [ROCm docker container] to
 [ROCm Documentation]: https://rocm.docs.amd.com/projects/install-on-linux/en/latest/tutorial/quick-start.html
 [cuDNN support matrix]: https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/cudnn/support-matrix/index.html
 [Nvidia Container Runtime]: https://developer.nvidia.com/container-runtime
-[linux install instructions]: https://docs.python-guide.org/starting/install3/linux/
-[Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-US/cpp/windows/latest-supported-vc-redist?view=msvc-170
-[an official installer]: https://www.python.org/downloads/
 [CUDA Toolkit Downloads]: https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads

docs/nodes/communityNodes.md

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ To use a community workflow, download the `.json` node graph file and load it in
     + [BriaAI Background Remove](#briaai-remove-background)
     + [Remove Background](#remove-background)    
     + [Retroize](#retroize)
+    + [Stereogram](#stereogram-nodes)
     + [Size Stepper Nodes](#size-stepper-nodes)
     + [Simple Skin Detection](#simple-skin-detection)
     + [Text font to Image](#text-font-to-image)
@@ -526,6 +527,16 @@ View:
 
 <img src="https://github.com/Ar7ific1al/InvokeAI_nodes_retroize/assets/2306586/de8b4fa6-324c-4c2d-b36c-297600c73974" width="500" />
 
+--------------------------------
+### Stereogram Nodes
+
+**Description:** A set of custom nodes for InvokeAI to create cross-view or parallel-view stereograms. Stereograms are 2D images that, when viewed properly, reveal a 3D scene. Check out [r/crossview](https://www.reddit.com/r/CrossView/) for tutorials.
+
+**Node Link:** https://github.com/simonfuhrmann/invokeai-stereo
+
+**Example Workflow and Output**
+</br><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/simonfuhrmann/invokeai-stereo/refs/heads/main/docs/example_promo_03.jpg" width="600" />
+
 --------------------------------
 ### Simple Skin Detection
 

invokeai/app/api/routers/boards.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class DeleteBoardResult(BaseModel):
     response_model=BoardDTO,
 )
 async def create_board(
-    board_name: str = Query(description="The name of the board to create"),
+    board_name: str = Query(description="The name of the board to create", max_length=300),
     is_private: bool = Query(default=False, description="Whether the board is private"),
 ) -> BoardDTO:
     """Creates a board"""

invokeai/app/api/routers/model_manager.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 import contextlib
 import io
 import pathlib
-import shutil
 import traceback
 from copy import deepcopy
 from enum import Enum
@@ -21,7 +20,6 @@ from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
 from typing_extensions import Annotated
 
 from invokeai.app.api.dependencies import ApiDependencies
-from invokeai.app.services.config import get_config
 from invokeai.app.services.model_images.model_images_common import ModelImageFileNotFoundException
 from invokeai.app.services.model_install.model_install_common import ModelInstallJob
 from invokeai.app.services.model_records import (
@@ -37,7 +35,7 @@ from invokeai.backend.model_manager.config import (
     ModelFormat,
     ModelType,
 )
-from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.model_cache_base import CacheStats
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.cache_stats import CacheStats
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.metadata.fetch.huggingface import HuggingFaceMetadataFetch
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.metadata.metadata_base import ModelMetadataWithFiles, UnknownMetadataException
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.search import ModelSearch
@@ -848,74 +846,6 @@ async def get_starter_models() -> StarterModelResponse:
     return StarterModelResponse(starter_models=starter_models, starter_bundles=starter_bundles)
 
 
-@model_manager_router.get(
-    "/model_cache",
-    operation_id="get_cache_size",
-    response_model=float,
-    summary="Get maximum size of model manager RAM or VRAM cache.",
-)
-async def get_cache_size(cache_type: CacheType = Query(description="The cache type", default=CacheType.RAM)) -> float:
-    """Return the current RAM or VRAM cache size setting (in GB)."""
-    cache = ApiDependencies.invoker.services.model_manager.load.ram_cache
-    value = 0.0
-    if cache_type == CacheType.RAM:
-        value = cache.max_cache_size
-    elif cache_type == CacheType.VRAM:
-        value = cache.max_vram_cache_size
-    return value
-
-
-@model_manager_router.put(
-    "/model_cache",
-    operation_id="set_cache_size",
-    response_model=float,
-    summary="Set maximum size of model manager RAM or VRAM cache, optionally writing new value out to invokeai.yaml config file.",
-)
-async def set_cache_size(
-    value: float = Query(description="The new value for the maximum cache size"),
-    cache_type: CacheType = Query(description="The cache type", default=CacheType.RAM),
-    persist: bool = Query(description="Write new value out to invokeai.yaml", default=False),
-) -> float:
-    """Set the current RAM or VRAM cache size setting (in GB). ."""
-    cache = ApiDependencies.invoker.services.model_manager.load.ram_cache
-    app_config = get_config()
-    # Record initial state.
-    vram_old = app_config.vram
-    ram_old = app_config.ram
-
-    # Prepare target state.
-    vram_new = vram_old
-    ram_new = ram_old
-    if cache_type == CacheType.RAM:
-        ram_new = value
-    elif cache_type == CacheType.VRAM:
-        vram_new = value
-    else:
-        raise ValueError(f"Unexpected {cache_type=}.")
-
-    config_path = app_config.config_file_path
-    new_config_path = config_path.with_suffix(".yaml.new")
-
-    try:
-        # Try to apply the target state.
-        cache.max_vram_cache_size = vram_new
-        cache.max_cache_size = ram_new
-        app_config.ram = ram_new
-        app_config.vram = vram_new
-        if persist:
-            app_config.write_file(new_config_path)
-            shutil.move(new_config_path, config_path)
-    except Exception as e:
-        # If there was a failure, restore the initial state.
-        cache.max_cache_size = ram_old
-        cache.max_vram_cache_size = vram_old
-        app_config.ram = ram_old
-        app_config.vram = vram_old
-
-        raise RuntimeError("Failed to update cache size") from e
-    return value
-
-
 @model_manager_router.get(
     "/stats",
     operation_id="get_stats",

invokeai/app/invocations/compel.py

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ from invokeai.app.invocations.primitives import ConditioningOutput
 from invokeai.app.services.shared.invocation_context import InvocationContext
 from invokeai.app.util.ti_utils import generate_ti_list
 from invokeai.backend.model_patcher import ModelPatcher
+from invokeai.backend.patches.layer_patcher import LayerPatcher
 from invokeai.backend.patches.model_patch_raw import ModelPatchRaw
-from invokeai.backend.patches.model_patcher import LayerPatcher
 from invokeai.backend.stable_diffusion.diffusion.conditioning_data import (
     BasicConditioningInfo,
     ConditioningFieldData,
@@ -63,9 +63,6 @@ class CompelInvocation(BaseInvocation):
 
     @torch.no_grad()
     def invoke(self, context: InvocationContext) -> ConditioningOutput:
-        tokenizer_info = context.models.load(self.clip.tokenizer)
-        text_encoder_info = context.models.load(self.clip.text_encoder)
-
         def _lora_loader() -> Iterator[Tuple[ModelPatchRaw, float]]:
             for lora in self.clip.loras:
                 lora_info = context.models.load(lora.lora)
@@ -76,16 +73,18 @@ class CompelInvocation(BaseInvocation):
 
         # loras = [(context.models.get(**lora.dict(exclude={"weight"})).context.model, lora.weight) for lora in self.clip.loras]
 
+        text_encoder_info = context.models.load(self.clip.text_encoder)
         ti_list = generate_ti_list(self.prompt, text_encoder_info.config.base, context)
 
         with (
             # apply all patches while the model is on the target device
             text_encoder_info.model_on_device() as (cached_weights, text_encoder),
-            tokenizer_info as tokenizer,
-            LayerPatcher.apply_model_patches(
+            context.models.load(self.clip.tokenizer) as tokenizer,
+            LayerPatcher.apply_smart_model_patches(
                 model=text_encoder,
                 patches=_lora_loader(),
                 prefix="lora_te_",
+                dtype=text_encoder.dtype,
                 cached_weights=cached_weights,
             ),
             # Apply CLIP Skip after LoRA to prevent LoRA application from failing on skipped layers.
@@ -104,6 +103,7 @@ class CompelInvocation(BaseInvocation):
                 textual_inversion_manager=ti_manager,
                 dtype_for_device_getter=TorchDevice.choose_torch_dtype,
                 truncate_long_prompts=False,
+                device=TorchDevice.choose_torch_device(),
             )
 
             conjunction = Compel.parse_prompt_string(self.prompt)
@@ -138,9 +138,7 @@ class SDXLPromptInvocationBase:
         lora_prefix: str,
         zero_on_empty: bool,
     ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, Optional[torch.Tensor]]:
-        tokenizer_info = context.models.load(clip_field.tokenizer)
         text_encoder_info = context.models.load(clip_field.text_encoder)
-
         # return zero on empty
         if prompt == "" and zero_on_empty:
             cpu_text_encoder = text_encoder_info.model
@@ -178,11 +176,12 @@ class SDXLPromptInvocationBase:
         with (
             # apply all patches while the model is on the target device
             text_encoder_info.model_on_device() as (cached_weights, text_encoder),
-            tokenizer_info as tokenizer,
-            LayerPatcher.apply_model_patches(
-                text_encoder,
+            context.models.load(clip_field.tokenizer) as tokenizer,
+            LayerPatcher.apply_smart_model_patches(
+                model=text_encoder,
                 patches=_lora_loader(),
                 prefix=lora_prefix,
+                dtype=text_encoder.dtype,
                 cached_weights=cached_weights,
             ),
             # Apply CLIP Skip after LoRA to prevent LoRA application from failing on skipped layers.
@@ -205,6 +204,7 @@ class SDXLPromptInvocationBase:
                 truncate_long_prompts=False,  # TODO:
                 returned_embeddings_type=ReturnedEmbeddingsType.PENULTIMATE_HIDDEN_STATES_NON_NORMALIZED,  # TODO: clip skip
                 requires_pooled=get_pooled,
+                device=TorchDevice.choose_torch_device(),
             )
 
             conjunction = Compel.parse_prompt_string(prompt)
@@ -222,7 +222,6 @@ class SDXLPromptInvocationBase:
 
         del tokenizer
         del text_encoder
-        del tokenizer_info
         del text_encoder_info
 
         c = c.detach().to("cpu")

invokeai/app/invocations/constants.py

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 from typing import Literal
 
-from invokeai.backend.util.devices import TorchDevice
-
 LATENT_SCALE_FACTOR = 8
 """
 HACK: Many nodes are currently hard-coded to use a fixed latent scale factor of 8. This is fragile, and will need to
@@ -12,5 +10,3 @@ The ratio of image:latent dimensions is LATENT_SCALE_FACTOR:1, or 8:1.
 
 IMAGE_MODES = Literal["L", "RGB", "RGBA", "CMYK", "YCbCr", "LAB", "HSV", "I", "F"]
 """A literal type for PIL image modes supported by Invoke"""
-
-DEFAULT_PRECISION = TorchDevice.choose_torch_dtype()

invokeai/app/invocations/denoise_latents.py

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ import torchvision.transforms as T
 from diffusers.configuration_utils import ConfigMixin
 from diffusers.models.adapter import T2IAdapter
 from diffusers.models.unets.unet_2d_condition import UNet2DConditionModel
+from diffusers.schedulers.scheduling_dpmsolver_multistep import DPMSolverMultistepScheduler
 from diffusers.schedulers.scheduling_dpmsolver_sde import DPMSolverSDEScheduler
+from diffusers.schedulers.scheduling_dpmsolver_singlestep import DPMSolverSinglestepScheduler
 from diffusers.schedulers.scheduling_tcd import TCDScheduler
 from diffusers.schedulers.scheduling_utils import SchedulerMixin as Scheduler
 from PIL import Image
@@ -39,8 +41,8 @@ from invokeai.app.util.controlnet_utils import prepare_control_image
 from invokeai.backend.ip_adapter.ip_adapter import IPAdapter
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager import BaseModelType, ModelVariantType
 from invokeai.backend.model_patcher import ModelPatcher
+from invokeai.backend.patches.layer_patcher import LayerPatcher
 from invokeai.backend.patches.model_patch_raw import ModelPatchRaw
-from invokeai.backend.patches.model_patcher import LayerPatcher
 from invokeai.backend.stable_diffusion import PipelineIntermediateState
 from invokeai.backend.stable_diffusion.denoise_context import DenoiseContext, DenoiseInputs
 from invokeai.backend.stable_diffusion.diffusers_pipeline import (
@@ -89,6 +91,7 @@ def get_scheduler(
     # possible.
     scheduler_class, scheduler_extra_config = SCHEDULER_MAP.get(scheduler_name, SCHEDULER_MAP["ddim"])
     orig_scheduler_info = context.models.load(scheduler_info)
+
     with orig_scheduler_info as orig_scheduler:
         scheduler_config = orig_scheduler.config
 
@@ -104,6 +107,10 @@ def get_scheduler(
     if scheduler_class is DPMSolverSDEScheduler:
         scheduler_config["noise_sampler_seed"] = seed
 
+    if scheduler_class is DPMSolverMultistepScheduler or scheduler_class is DPMSolverSinglestepScheduler:
+        if scheduler_config["_class_name"] == "DEISMultistepScheduler" and scheduler_config["algorithm_type"] == "deis":
+            scheduler_config["algorithm_type"] = "dpmsolver++"
+
     scheduler = scheduler_class.from_config(scheduler_config)
 
     # hack copied over from generate.py
@@ -411,6 +418,7 @@ class DenoiseLatentsInvocation(BaseInvocation):
         context: InvocationContext,
         control_input: ControlField | list[ControlField] | None,
         latents_shape: List[int],
+        device: torch.device,
         exit_stack: ExitStack,
         do_classifier_free_guidance: bool = True,
     ) -> list[ControlNetData] | None:
@@ -452,7 +460,7 @@ class DenoiseLatentsInvocation(BaseInvocation):
                 height=control_height_resize,
                 # batch_size=batch_size * num_images_per_prompt,
                 # num_images_per_prompt=num_images_per_prompt,
-                device=control_model.device,
+                device=device,
                 dtype=control_model.dtype,
                 control_mode=control_info.control_mode,
                 resize_mode=control_info.resize_mode,
@@ -547,7 +555,6 @@ class DenoiseLatentsInvocation(BaseInvocation):
         for single_ip_adapter in ip_adapters:
             with context.models.load(single_ip_adapter.ip_adapter_model) as ip_adapter_model:
                 assert isinstance(ip_adapter_model, IPAdapter)
-                image_encoder_model_info = context.models.load(single_ip_adapter.image_encoder_model)
                 # `single_ip_adapter.image` could be a list or a single ImageField. Normalize to a list here.
                 single_ipa_image_fields = single_ip_adapter.image
                 if not isinstance(single_ipa_image_fields, list):
@@ -556,7 +563,7 @@ class DenoiseLatentsInvocation(BaseInvocation):
                 single_ipa_images = [
                     context.images.get_pil(image.image_name, mode="RGB") for image in single_ipa_image_fields
                 ]
-                with image_encoder_model_info as image_encoder_model:
+                with context.models.load(single_ip_adapter.image_encoder_model) as image_encoder_model:
                     assert isinstance(image_encoder_model, CLIPVisionModelWithProjection)
                     # Get image embeddings from CLIP and ImageProjModel.
                     image_prompt_embeds, uncond_image_prompt_embeds = ip_adapter_model.get_image_embeds(
@@ -606,6 +613,7 @@ class DenoiseLatentsInvocation(BaseInvocation):
         context: InvocationContext,
         t2i_adapter: Optional[Union[T2IAdapterField, list[T2IAdapterField]]],
         latents_shape: list[int],
+        device: torch.device,
         do_classifier_free_guidance: bool,
     ) -> Optional[list[T2IAdapterData]]:
         if t2i_adapter is None:
@@ -621,7 +629,6 @@ class DenoiseLatentsInvocation(BaseInvocation):
         t2i_adapter_data = []
         for t2i_adapter_field in t2i_adapter:
             t2i_adapter_model_config = context.models.get_config(t2i_adapter_field.t2i_adapter_model.key)
-            t2i_adapter_loaded_model = context.models.load(t2i_adapter_field.t2i_adapter_model)
             image = context.images.get_pil(t2i_adapter_field.image.image_name, mode="RGB")
 
             # The max_unet_downscale is the maximum amount that the UNet model downscales the latent image internally.
@@ -637,7 +644,7 @@ class DenoiseLatentsInvocation(BaseInvocation):
                 raise ValueError(f"Unexpected T2I-Adapter base model type: '{t2i_adapter_model_config.base}'.")
 
             t2i_adapter_model: T2IAdapter
-            with t2i_adapter_loaded_model as t2i_adapter_model:
+            with context.models.load(t2i_adapter_field.t2i_adapter_model) as t2i_adapter_model:
                 total_downscale_factor = t2i_adapter_model.total_downscale_factor
 
                 # Note: We have hard-coded `do_classifier_free_guidance=False`. This is because we only want to prepare
@@ -657,7 +664,7 @@ class DenoiseLatentsInvocation(BaseInvocation):
                     width=control_width_resize,
                     height=control_height_resize,
                     num_channels=t2i_adapter_model.config["in_channels"],  # mypy treats this as a FrozenDict
-                    device=t2i_adapter_model.device,
+                    device=device,
                     dtype=t2i_adapter_model.dtype,
                     resize_mode=t2i_adapter_field.resize_mode,
                 )
@@ -926,10 +933,8 @@ class DenoiseLatentsInvocation(BaseInvocation):
             # ext: t2i/ip adapter
             ext_manager.run_callback(ExtensionCallbackType.SETUP, denoise_ctx)
 
-            unet_info = context.models.load(self.unet.unet)
-            assert isinstance(unet_info.model, UNet2DConditionModel)
             with (
-                unet_info.model_on_device() as (cached_weights, unet),
+                context.models.load(self.unet.unet).model_on_device() as (cached_weights, unet),
                 ModelPatcher.patch_unet_attention_processor(unet, denoise_ctx.inputs.attention_processor_cls),
                 # ext: controlnet
                 ext_manager.patch_extensions(denoise_ctx),
@@ -950,6 +955,7 @@ class DenoiseLatentsInvocation(BaseInvocation):
     @torch.no_grad()
     @SilenceWarnings()  # This quenches the NSFW nag from diffusers.
     def _old_invoke(self, context: InvocationContext) -> LatentsOutput:
+        device = TorchDevice.choose_torch_device()
         seed, noise, latents = self.prepare_noise_and_latents(context, self.noise, self.latents)
 
         mask, masked_latents, gradient_mask = self.prep_inpaint_mask(context, latents)
@@ -964,6 +970,7 @@ class DenoiseLatentsInvocation(BaseInvocation):
             context,
             self.t2i_adapter,
             latents.shape,
+            device=device,
             do_classifier_free_guidance=True,
         )
 
@@ -995,29 +1002,28 @@ class DenoiseLatentsInvocation(BaseInvocation):
                 del lora_info
             return
 
-        unet_info = context.models.load(self.unet.unet)
-        assert isinstance(unet_info.model, UNet2DConditionModel)
         with (
             ExitStack() as exit_stack,
-            unet_info.model_on_device() as (cached_weights, unet),
+            context.models.load(self.unet.unet).model_on_device() as (cached_weights, unet),
             ModelPatcher.apply_freeu(unet, self.unet.freeu_config),
             SeamlessExt.static_patch_model(unet, self.unet.seamless_axes),  # FIXME
             # Apply the LoRA after unet has been moved to its target device for faster patching.
-            LayerPatcher.apply_model_patches(
+            LayerPatcher.apply_smart_model_patches(
                 model=unet,
                 patches=_lora_loader(),
                 prefix="lora_unet_",
+                dtype=unet.dtype,
                 cached_weights=cached_weights,
             ),
         ):
             assert isinstance(unet, UNet2DConditionModel)
-            latents = latents.to(device=unet.device, dtype=unet.dtype)
+            latents = latents.to(device=device, dtype=unet.dtype)
             if noise is not None:
-                noise = noise.to(device=unet.device, dtype=unet.dtype)
+                noise = noise.to(device=device, dtype=unet.dtype)
             if mask is not None:
-                mask = mask.to(device=unet.device, dtype=unet.dtype)
+                mask = mask.to(device=device, dtype=unet.dtype)
             if masked_latents is not None:
-                masked_latents = masked_latents.to(device=unet.device, dtype=unet.dtype)
+                masked_latents = masked_latents.to(device=device, dtype=unet.dtype)
 
             scheduler = get_scheduler(
                 context=context,
@@ -1033,7 +1039,7 @@ class DenoiseLatentsInvocation(BaseInvocation):
                 context=context,
                 positive_conditioning_field=self.positive_conditioning,
                 negative_conditioning_field=self.negative_conditioning,
-                device=unet.device,
+                device=device,
                 dtype=unet.dtype,
                 latent_height=latent_height,
                 latent_width=latent_width,
@@ -1046,6 +1052,7 @@ class DenoiseLatentsInvocation(BaseInvocation):
                 context=context,
                 control_input=self.control,
                 latents_shape=latents.shape,
+                device=device,
                 # do_classifier_free_guidance=(self.cfg_scale >= 1.0))
                 do_classifier_free_guidance=True,
                 exit_stack=exit_stack,
@@ -1063,7 +1070,7 @@ class DenoiseLatentsInvocation(BaseInvocation):
 
             timesteps, init_timestep, scheduler_step_kwargs = self.init_scheduler(
                 scheduler,
-                device=unet.device,
+                device=device,
                 steps=self.steps,
                 denoising_start=self.denoising_start,
                 denoising_end=self.denoising_end,

invokeai/app/invocations/flux_denoise.py

@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ from invokeai.backend.flux.sampling_utils import (
 )
 from invokeai.backend.flux.text_conditioning import FluxTextConditioning
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.config import ModelFormat
+from invokeai.backend.patches.layer_patcher import LayerPatcher
 from invokeai.backend.patches.lora_conversions.flux_lora_constants import FLUX_LORA_TRANSFORMER_PREFIX
 from invokeai.backend.patches.model_patch_raw import ModelPatchRaw
-from invokeai.backend.patches.model_patcher import LayerPatcher
 from invokeai.backend.stable_diffusion.diffusers_pipeline import PipelineIntermediateState
 from invokeai.backend.stable_diffusion.diffusion.conditioning_data import FLUXConditioningInfo
 from invokeai.backend.util.devices import TorchDevice
@@ -199,8 +199,8 @@ class FluxDenoiseInvocation(BaseInvocation, WithMetadata, WithBoard):
             else None
         )
 
-        transformer_info = context.models.load(self.transformer.transformer)
-        is_schnell = "schnell" in getattr(transformer_info.config, "config_path", "")
+        transformer_config = context.models.get_config(self.transformer.transformer)
+        is_schnell = "schnell" in getattr(transformer_config, "config_path", "")
 
         # Calculate the timestep schedule.
         timesteps = get_schedule(
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ class FluxDenoiseInvocation(BaseInvocation, WithMetadata, WithBoard):
         # TODO(ryand): We should really do this in a separate invocation to benefit from caching.
         ip_adapter_fields = self._normalize_ip_adapter_fields()
         pos_image_prompt_clip_embeds, neg_image_prompt_clip_embeds = self._prep_ip_adapter_image_prompt_clip_embeds(
-            ip_adapter_fields, context
+            ip_adapter_fields, context, device=x.device
         )
 
         cfg_scale = self.prep_cfg_scale(
@@ -299,41 +299,40 @@ class FluxDenoiseInvocation(BaseInvocation, WithMetadata, WithBoard):
             )
 
             # Load the transformer model.
-            (cached_weights, transformer) = exit_stack.enter_context(transformer_info.model_on_device())
+            (cached_weights, transformer) = exit_stack.enter_context(
+                context.models.load(self.transformer.transformer).model_on_device()
+            )
             assert isinstance(transformer, Flux)
-            config = transformer_info.config
+            config = transformer_config
             assert config is not None
 
-            # Apply LoRA models to the transformer.
-            # Note: We apply the LoRA after the transformer has been moved to its target device for faster patching.
+            # Determine if the model is quantized.
+            # If the model is quantized, then we need to apply the LoRA weights as sidecar layers. This results in
+            # slower inference than direct patching, but is agnostic to the quantization format.
             if config.format in [ModelFormat.Checkpoint]:
-                # The model is non-quantized, so we can apply the LoRA weights directly into the model.
-                exit_stack.enter_context(
-                    LayerPatcher.apply_model_patches(
-                        model=transformer,
-                        patches=self._lora_iterator(context),
-                        prefix=FLUX_LORA_TRANSFORMER_PREFIX,
-                        cached_weights=cached_weights,
-                    )
-                )
+                model_is_quantized = False
             elif config.format in [
                 ModelFormat.BnbQuantizedLlmInt8b,
                 ModelFormat.BnbQuantizednf4b,
                 ModelFormat.GGUFQuantized,
             ]:
-                # The model is quantized, so apply the LoRA weights as sidecar layers. This results in slower inference,
-                # than directly patching the weights, but is agnostic to the quantization format.
-                exit_stack.enter_context(
-                    LayerPatcher.apply_model_sidecar_patches(
-                        model=transformer,
-                        patches=self._lora_iterator(context),
-                        prefix=FLUX_LORA_TRANSFORMER_PREFIX,
-                        dtype=inference_dtype,
-                    )
-                )
+                model_is_quantized = True
             else:
                 raise ValueError(f"Unsupported model format: {config.format}")
 
+            # Apply LoRA models to the transformer.
+            # Note: We apply the LoRA after the transformer has been moved to its target device for faster patching.
+            exit_stack.enter_context(
+                LayerPatcher.apply_smart_model_patches(
+                    model=transformer,
+                    patches=self._lora_iterator(context),
+                    prefix=FLUX_LORA_TRANSFORMER_PREFIX,
+                    dtype=inference_dtype,
+                    cached_weights=cached_weights,
+                    force_sidecar_patching=model_is_quantized,
+                )
+            )
+
             # Prepare IP-Adapter extensions.
             pos_ip_adapter_extensions, neg_ip_adapter_extensions = self._prep_ip_adapter_extensions(
                 pos_image_prompt_clip_embeds=pos_image_prompt_clip_embeds,
@@ -515,15 +514,18 @@ class FluxDenoiseInvocation(BaseInvocation, WithMetadata, WithBoard):
         # before loading the models. Then make sure that all VAE encoding is done before loading the ControlNets to
         # minimize peak memory.
 
-        # First, load the ControlNet models so that we can determine the ControlNet types.
-        controlnet_models = [context.models.load(controlnet.control_model) for controlnet in controlnets]
-
         # Calculate the controlnet conditioning tensors.
         # We do this before loading the ControlNet models because it may require running the VAE, and we are trying to
         # keep peak memory down.
         controlnet_conds: list[torch.Tensor] = []
-        for controlnet, controlnet_model in zip(controlnets, controlnet_models, strict=True):
+        for controlnet in controlnets:
             image = context.images.get_pil(controlnet.image.image_name)
+
+            # HACK(ryand): We have to load the ControlNet model to determine whether the VAE needs to be run. We really
+            # shouldn't have to load the model here. There's a risk that the model will be dropped from the model cache
+            # before we load it into VRAM and thus we'll have to load it again (context:
+            # https://github.com/invoke-ai/InvokeAI/issues/7513).
+            controlnet_model = context.models.load(controlnet.control_model)
             if isinstance(controlnet_model.model, InstantXControlNetFlux):
                 if self.controlnet_vae is None:
                     raise ValueError("A ControlNet VAE is required when using an InstantX FLUX ControlNet.")
@@ -553,10 +555,8 @@ class FluxDenoiseInvocation(BaseInvocation, WithMetadata, WithBoard):
 
         # Finally, load the ControlNet models and initialize the ControlNet extensions.
         controlnet_extensions: list[XLabsControlNetExtension | InstantXControlNetExtension] = []
-        for controlnet, controlnet_cond, controlnet_model in zip(
-            controlnets, controlnet_conds, controlnet_models, strict=True
-        ):
-            model = exit_stack.enter_context(controlnet_model)
+        for controlnet, controlnet_cond in zip(controlnets, controlnet_conds, strict=True):
+            model = exit_stack.enter_context(context.models.load(controlnet.control_model))
 
             if isinstance(model, XLabsControlNetFlux):
                 controlnet_extensions.append(
@@ -626,6 +626,7 @@ class FluxDenoiseInvocation(BaseInvocation, WithMetadata, WithBoard):
         self,
         ip_adapter_fields: list[IPAdapterField],
         context: InvocationContext,
+        device: torch.device,
     ) -> tuple[list[torch.Tensor], list[torch.Tensor]]:
         """Run the IPAdapter CLIPVisionModel, returning image prompt embeddings."""
         clip_image_processor = CLIPImageProcessor()
@@ -665,11 +666,11 @@ class FluxDenoiseInvocation(BaseInvocation, WithMetadata, WithBoard):
                 assert isinstance(image_encoder_model, CLIPVisionModelWithProjection)
 
                 clip_image: torch.Tensor = clip_image_processor(images=pos_images, return_tensors="pt").pixel_values
-                clip_image = clip_image.to(device=image_encoder_model.device, dtype=image_encoder_model.dtype)
+                clip_image = clip_image.to(device=device, dtype=image_encoder_model.dtype)
                 pos_clip_image_embeds = image_encoder_model(clip_image).image_embeds
 
                 clip_image = clip_image_processor(images=neg_images, return_tensors="pt").pixel_values
-                clip_image = clip_image.to(device=image_encoder_model.device, dtype=image_encoder_model.dtype)
+                clip_image = clip_image.to(device=device, dtype=image_encoder_model.dtype)
                 neg_clip_image_embeds = image_encoder_model(clip_image).image_embeds
 
             pos_image_prompt_clip_embeds.append(pos_clip_image_embeds)

invokeai/app/invocations/flux_text_encoder.py

@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ from invokeai.app.invocations.primitives import FluxConditioningOutput
 from invokeai.app.services.shared.invocation_context import InvocationContext
 from invokeai.backend.flux.modules.conditioner import HFEncoder
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.config import ModelFormat
+from invokeai.backend.patches.layer_patcher import LayerPatcher
 from invokeai.backend.patches.lora_conversions.flux_lora_constants import FLUX_LORA_CLIP_PREFIX
 from invokeai.backend.patches.model_patch_raw import ModelPatchRaw
-from invokeai.backend.patches.model_patcher import LayerPatcher
 from invokeai.backend.stable_diffusion.diffusion.conditioning_data import ConditioningFieldData, FLUXConditioningInfo
 
 
@@ -69,14 +69,11 @@ class FluxTextEncoderInvocation(BaseInvocation):
         )
 
     def _t5_encode(self, context: InvocationContext) -> torch.Tensor:
-        t5_tokenizer_info = context.models.load(self.t5_encoder.tokenizer)
-        t5_text_encoder_info = context.models.load(self.t5_encoder.text_encoder)
-
         prompt = [self.prompt]
 
         with (
-            t5_text_encoder_info as t5_text_encoder,
-            t5_tokenizer_info as t5_tokenizer,
+            context.models.load(self.t5_encoder.text_encoder) as t5_text_encoder,
+            context.models.load(self.t5_encoder.tokenizer) as t5_tokenizer,
         ):
             assert isinstance(t5_text_encoder, T5EncoderModel)
             assert isinstance(t5_tokenizer, T5Tokenizer)
@@ -90,31 +87,30 @@ class FluxTextEncoderInvocation(BaseInvocation):
         return prompt_embeds
 
     def _clip_encode(self, context: InvocationContext) -> torch.Tensor:
-        clip_tokenizer_info = context.models.load(self.clip.tokenizer)
-        clip_text_encoder_info = context.models.load(self.clip.text_encoder)
-
         prompt = [self.prompt]
 
+        clip_text_encoder_info = context.models.load(self.clip.text_encoder)
+        clip_text_encoder_config = clip_text_encoder_info.config
+        assert clip_text_encoder_config is not None
+
         with (
             clip_text_encoder_info.model_on_device() as (cached_weights, clip_text_encoder),
-            clip_tokenizer_info as clip_tokenizer,
+            context.models.load(self.clip.tokenizer) as clip_tokenizer,
             ExitStack() as exit_stack,
         ):
             assert isinstance(clip_text_encoder, CLIPTextModel)
             assert isinstance(clip_tokenizer, CLIPTokenizer)
 
-            clip_text_encoder_config = clip_text_encoder_info.config
-            assert clip_text_encoder_config is not None
-
             # Apply LoRA models to the CLIP encoder.
             # Note: We apply the LoRA after the transformer has been moved to its target device for faster patching.
             if clip_text_encoder_config.format in [ModelFormat.Diffusers]:
                 # The model is non-quantized, so we can apply the LoRA weights directly into the model.
                 exit_stack.enter_context(
-                    LayerPatcher.apply_model_patches(
+                    LayerPatcher.apply_smart_model_patches(
                         model=clip_text_encoder,
                         patches=self._clip_lora_iterator(context),
                         prefix=FLUX_LORA_CLIP_PREFIX,
+                        dtype=clip_text_encoder.dtype,
                         cached_weights=cached_weights,
                     )
                 )

invokeai/app/invocations/flux_vae_decode.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from einops import rearrange
 from PIL import Image
 
 from invokeai.app.invocations.baseinvocation import BaseInvocation, invocation
+from invokeai.app.invocations.constants import LATENT_SCALE_FACTOR
 from invokeai.app.invocations.fields import (
     FieldDescriptions,
     Input,
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ from invokeai.backend.util.devices import TorchDevice
     title="FLUX Latents to Image",
     tags=["latents", "image", "vae", "l2i", "flux"],
     category="latents",
-    version="1.0.0",
+    version="1.0.1",
 )
 class FluxVaeDecodeInvocation(BaseInvocation, WithMetadata, WithBoard):
     """Generates an image from latents."""
@@ -38,8 +39,23 @@ class FluxVaeDecodeInvocation(BaseInvocation, WithMetadata, WithBoard):
         input=Input.Connection,
     )
 
+    def _estimate_working_memory(self, latents: torch.Tensor, vae: AutoEncoder) -> int:
+        """Estimate the working memory required by the invocation in bytes."""
+        # It was found experimentally that the peak working memory scales linearly with the number of pixels and the
+        # element size (precision).
+        out_h = LATENT_SCALE_FACTOR * latents.shape[-2]
+        out_w = LATENT_SCALE_FACTOR * latents.shape[-1]
+        element_size = next(vae.parameters()).element_size()
+        scaling_constant = 1090  # Determined experimentally.
+        working_memory = out_h * out_w * element_size * scaling_constant
+
+        # We add a 20% buffer to the working memory estimate to be safe.
+        working_memory = working_memory * 1.2
+        return int(working_memory)
+
     def _vae_decode(self, vae_info: LoadedModel, latents: torch.Tensor) -> Image.Image:
-        with vae_info as vae:
+        estimated_working_memory = self._estimate_working_memory(latents, vae_info.model)
+        with vae_info.model_on_device(working_mem_bytes=estimated_working_memory) as (_, vae):
             assert isinstance(vae, AutoEncoder)
             vae_dtype = next(iter(vae.parameters())).dtype
             latents = latents.to(device=TorchDevice.choose_torch_device(), dtype=vae_dtype)

invokeai/app/invocations/image_to_latents.py

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from invokeai.app.services.shared.invocation_context import InvocationContext
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager import LoadedModel
 from invokeai.backend.stable_diffusion.diffusers_pipeline import image_resized_to_grid_as_tensor
 from invokeai.backend.stable_diffusion.vae_tiling import patch_vae_tiling_params
+from invokeai.backend.util.devices import TorchDevice
 
 
 @invocation(
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ class ImageToLatentsInvocation(BaseInvocation):
                 )
 
             # non_noised_latents_from_image
-            image_tensor = image_tensor.to(device=vae.device, dtype=vae.dtype)
+            image_tensor = image_tensor.to(device=TorchDevice.choose_torch_device(), dtype=vae.dtype)
             with torch.inference_mode(), tiling_context:
                 latents = ImageToLatentsInvocation._encode_to_tensor(vae, image_tensor)
 

invokeai/app/invocations/latents_to_image.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ from invokeai.backend.util.devices import TorchDevice
     title="Latents to Image",
     tags=["latents", "image", "vae", "l2i"],
     category="latents",
-    version="1.3.0",
+    version="1.3.1",
 )
 class LatentsToImageInvocation(BaseInvocation, WithMetadata, WithBoard):
     """Generates an image from latents."""
@@ -53,16 +53,58 @@ class LatentsToImageInvocation(BaseInvocation, WithMetadata, WithBoard):
     tile_size: int = InputField(default=0, multiple_of=8, description=FieldDescriptions.vae_tile_size)
     fp32: bool = InputField(default=False, description=FieldDescriptions.fp32)
 
+    def _estimate_working_memory(
+        self, latents: torch.Tensor, use_tiling: bool, vae: AutoencoderKL | AutoencoderTiny
+    ) -> int:
+        """Estimate the working memory required by the invocation in bytes."""
+        # It was found experimentally that the peak working memory scales linearly with the number of pixels and the
+        # element size (precision). This estimate is accurate for both SD1 and SDXL.
+        element_size = 4 if self.fp32 else 2
+        scaling_constant = 960  # Determined experimentally.
+
+        if use_tiling:
+            tile_size = self.tile_size
+            if tile_size == 0:
+                tile_size = vae.tile_sample_min_size
+                assert isinstance(tile_size, int)
+            out_h = tile_size
+            out_w = tile_size
+            working_memory = out_h * out_w * element_size * scaling_constant
+
+            # We add 25% to the working memory estimate when tiling is enabled to account for factors like tile overlap
+            # and number of tiles. We could make this more precise in the future, but this should be good enough for
+            # most use cases.
+            working_memory = working_memory * 1.25
+        else:
+            out_h = LATENT_SCALE_FACTOR * latents.shape[-2]
+            out_w = LATENT_SCALE_FACTOR * latents.shape[-1]
+            working_memory = out_h * out_w * element_size * scaling_constant
+
+        if self.fp32:
+            # If we are running in FP32, then we should account for the likely increase in model size (~250MB).
+            working_memory += 250 * 2**20
+
+        # We add 20% to the working memory estimate to be safe.
+        working_memory = int(working_memory * 1.2)
+        return working_memory
+
     @torch.no_grad()
     def invoke(self, context: InvocationContext) -> ImageOutput:
         latents = context.tensors.load(self.latents.latents_name)
 
+        use_tiling = self.tiled or context.config.get().force_tiled_decode
+
         vae_info = context.models.load(self.vae.vae)
         assert isinstance(vae_info.model, (AutoencoderKL, AutoencoderTiny))
-        with SeamlessExt.static_patch_model(vae_info.model, self.vae.seamless_axes), vae_info as vae:
+
+        estimated_working_memory = self._estimate_working_memory(latents, use_tiling, vae_info.model)
+        with (
+            SeamlessExt.static_patch_model(vae_info.model, self.vae.seamless_axes),
+            vae_info.model_on_device(working_mem_bytes=estimated_working_memory) as (_, vae),
+        ):
             context.util.signal_progress("Running VAE decoder")
             assert isinstance(vae, (AutoencoderKL, AutoencoderTiny))
-            latents = latents.to(vae.device)
+            latents = latents.to(TorchDevice.choose_torch_device())
             if self.fp32:
                 vae.to(dtype=torch.float32)
 
@@ -88,7 +130,7 @@ class LatentsToImageInvocation(BaseInvocation, WithMetadata, WithBoard):
                 vae.to(dtype=torch.float16)
                 latents = latents.half()
 
-            if self.tiled or context.config.get().force_tiled_decode:
+            if use_tiling:
                 vae.enable_tiling()
             else:
                 vae.disable_tiling()

invokeai/app/invocations/sd3_image_to_latents.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from invokeai.app.invocations.primitives import LatentsOutput
 from invokeai.app.services.shared.invocation_context import InvocationContext
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.load_base import LoadedModel
 from invokeai.backend.stable_diffusion.diffusers_pipeline import image_resized_to_grid_as_tensor
+from invokeai.backend.util.devices import TorchDevice
 
 
 @invocation(
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ class SD3ImageToLatentsInvocation(BaseInvocation, WithMetadata, WithBoard):
 
             vae.disable_tiling()
 
-            image_tensor = image_tensor.to(device=vae.device, dtype=vae.dtype)
+            image_tensor = image_tensor.to(device=TorchDevice.choose_torch_device(), dtype=vae.dtype)
             with torch.inference_mode():
                 image_tensor_dist = vae.encode(image_tensor).latent_dist
                 # TODO: Use seed to make sampling reproducible.

invokeai/app/invocations/sd3_latents_to_image.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from einops import rearrange
 from PIL import Image
 
 from invokeai.app.invocations.baseinvocation import BaseInvocation, invocation
+from invokeai.app.invocations.constants import LATENT_SCALE_FACTOR
 from invokeai.app.invocations.fields import (
     FieldDescriptions,
     Input,
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ from invokeai.backend.util.devices import TorchDevice
     title="SD3 Latents to Image",
     tags=["latents", "image", "vae", "l2i", "sd3"],
     category="latents",
-    version="1.3.0",
+    version="1.3.1",
 )
 class SD3LatentsToImageInvocation(BaseInvocation, WithMetadata, WithBoard):
     """Generates an image from latents."""
@@ -40,16 +41,34 @@ class SD3LatentsToImageInvocation(BaseInvocation, WithMetadata, WithBoard):
         input=Input.Connection,
     )
 
+    def _estimate_working_memory(self, latents: torch.Tensor, vae: AutoencoderKL) -> int:
+        """Estimate the working memory required by the invocation in bytes."""
+        # It was found experimentally that the peak working memory scales linearly with the number of pixels and the
+        # element size (precision).
+        out_h = LATENT_SCALE_FACTOR * latents.shape[-2]
+        out_w = LATENT_SCALE_FACTOR * latents.shape[-1]
+        element_size = next(vae.parameters()).element_size()
+        scaling_constant = 1230  # Determined experimentally.
+        working_memory = out_h * out_w * element_size * scaling_constant
+
+        # We add a 20% buffer to the working memory estimate to be safe.
+        working_memory = working_memory * 1.2
+        return int(working_memory)
+
     @torch.no_grad()
     def invoke(self, context: InvocationContext) -> ImageOutput:
         latents = context.tensors.load(self.latents.latents_name)
 
         vae_info = context.models.load(self.vae.vae)
         assert isinstance(vae_info.model, (AutoencoderKL))
-        with SeamlessExt.static_patch_model(vae_info.model, self.vae.seamless_axes), vae_info as vae:
+        estimated_working_memory = self._estimate_working_memory(latents, vae_info.model)
+        with (
+            SeamlessExt.static_patch_model(vae_info.model, self.vae.seamless_axes),
+            vae_info.model_on_device(working_mem_bytes=estimated_working_memory) as (_, vae),
+        ):
             context.util.signal_progress("Running VAE")
             assert isinstance(vae, (AutoencoderKL))
-            latents = latents.to(vae.device)
+            latents = latents.to(TorchDevice.choose_torch_device())
 
             vae.disable_tiling()
 

invokeai/app/invocations/sd3_text_encoder.py

@@ -17,10 +17,11 @@ from invokeai.app.invocations.model import CLIPField, T5EncoderField
 from invokeai.app.invocations.primitives import SD3ConditioningOutput
 from invokeai.app.services.shared.invocation_context import InvocationContext
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.config import ModelFormat
+from invokeai.backend.patches.layer_patcher import LayerPatcher
 from invokeai.backend.patches.lora_conversions.flux_lora_constants import FLUX_LORA_CLIP_PREFIX
 from invokeai.backend.patches.model_patch_raw import ModelPatchRaw
-from invokeai.backend.patches.model_patcher import LayerPatcher
 from invokeai.backend.stable_diffusion.diffusion.conditioning_data import ConditioningFieldData, SD3ConditioningInfo
+from invokeai.backend.util.devices import TorchDevice
 
 # The SD3 T5 Max Sequence Length set based on the default in diffusers.
 SD3_T5_MAX_SEQ_LEN = 256
@@ -86,14 +87,11 @@ class Sd3TextEncoderInvocation(BaseInvocation):
 
     def _t5_encode(self, context: InvocationContext, max_seq_len: int) -> torch.Tensor:
         assert self.t5_encoder is not None
-        t5_tokenizer_info = context.models.load(self.t5_encoder.tokenizer)
-        t5_text_encoder_info = context.models.load(self.t5_encoder.text_encoder)
-
         prompt = [self.prompt]
 
         with (
-            t5_text_encoder_info as t5_text_encoder,
-            t5_tokenizer_info as t5_tokenizer,
+            context.models.load(self.t5_encoder.text_encoder) as t5_text_encoder,
+            context.models.load(self.t5_encoder.tokenizer) as t5_tokenizer,
         ):
             context.util.signal_progress("Running T5 encoder")
             assert isinstance(t5_text_encoder, T5EncoderModel)
@@ -120,7 +118,7 @@ class Sd3TextEncoderInvocation(BaseInvocation):
                     f" {max_seq_len} tokens: {removed_text}"
                 )
 
-            prompt_embeds = t5_text_encoder(text_input_ids.to(t5_text_encoder.device))[0]
+            prompt_embeds = t5_text_encoder(text_input_ids.to(TorchDevice.choose_torch_device()))[0]
 
         assert isinstance(prompt_embeds, torch.Tensor)
         return prompt_embeds
@@ -128,14 +126,12 @@ class Sd3TextEncoderInvocation(BaseInvocation):
     def _clip_encode(
         self, context: InvocationContext, clip_model: CLIPField, tokenizer_max_length: int = 77
     ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
-        clip_tokenizer_info = context.models.load(clip_model.tokenizer)
-        clip_text_encoder_info = context.models.load(clip_model.text_encoder)
-
         prompt = [self.prompt]
 
+        clip_text_encoder_info = context.models.load(clip_model.text_encoder)
         with (
             clip_text_encoder_info.model_on_device() as (cached_weights, clip_text_encoder),
-            clip_tokenizer_info as clip_tokenizer,
+            context.models.load(clip_model.tokenizer) as clip_tokenizer,
             ExitStack() as exit_stack,
         ):
             context.util.signal_progress("Running CLIP encoder")
@@ -150,10 +146,11 @@ class Sd3TextEncoderInvocation(BaseInvocation):
             if clip_text_encoder_config.format in [ModelFormat.Diffusers]:
                 # The model is non-quantized, so we can apply the LoRA weights directly into the model.
                 exit_stack.enter_context(
-                    LayerPatcher.apply_model_patches(
+                    LayerPatcher.apply_smart_model_patches(
                         model=clip_text_encoder,
                         patches=self._clip_lora_iterator(context, clip_model),
                         prefix=FLUX_LORA_CLIP_PREFIX,
+                        dtype=clip_text_encoder.dtype,
                         cached_weights=cached_weights,
                     )
                 )
@@ -184,7 +181,7 @@ class Sd3TextEncoderInvocation(BaseInvocation):
                     f" {tokenizer_max_length} tokens: {removed_text}"
                 )
             prompt_embeds = clip_text_encoder(
-                input_ids=text_input_ids.to(clip_text_encoder.device), output_hidden_states=True
+                input_ids=text_input_ids.to(TorchDevice.choose_torch_device()), output_hidden_states=True
             )
             pooled_prompt_embeds = prompt_embeds[0]
             prompt_embeds = prompt_embeds.hidden_states[-2]

invokeai/app/invocations/spandrel_image_to_image.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ from invokeai.app.services.shared.invocation_context import InvocationContext
 from invokeai.backend.spandrel_image_to_image_model import SpandrelImageToImageModel
 from invokeai.backend.tiles.tiles import calc_tiles_min_overlap
 from invokeai.backend.tiles.utils import TBLR, Tile
+from invokeai.backend.util.devices import TorchDevice
 
 
 @invocation("spandrel_image_to_image", title="Image-to-Image", tags=["upscale"], category="upscale", version="1.3.0")
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ class SpandrelImageToImageInvocation(BaseInvocation, WithMetadata, WithBoard):
             (height * scale, width * scale, channels), dtype=torch.uint8, device=torch.device("cpu")
         )
 
-        image_tensor = image_tensor.to(device=spandrel_model.device, dtype=spandrel_model.dtype)
+        image_tensor = image_tensor.to(device=TorchDevice.choose_torch_device(), dtype=spandrel_model.dtype)
 
         # Run the model on each tile.
         pbar = tqdm(list(zip(tiles, scaled_tiles, strict=True)), desc="Upscaling Tiles")
@@ -116,9 +117,7 @@ class SpandrelImageToImageInvocation(BaseInvocation, WithMetadata, WithBoard):
                 raise CanceledException
 
             # Extract the current tile from the input tensor.
-            input_tile = image_tensor[
-                :, :, tile.coords.top : tile.coords.bottom, tile.coords.left : tile.coords.right
-            ].to(device=spandrel_model.device, dtype=spandrel_model.dtype)
+            input_tile = image_tensor[:, :, tile.coords.top : tile.coords.bottom, tile.coords.left : tile.coords.right]
 
             # Run the model on the tile.
             output_tile = spandrel_model.run(input_tile)
@@ -151,15 +150,12 @@ class SpandrelImageToImageInvocation(BaseInvocation, WithMetadata, WithBoard):
 
         return pil_image
 
-    @torch.inference_mode()
+    @torch.no_grad()
     def invoke(self, context: InvocationContext) -> ImageOutput:
         # Images are converted to RGB, because most models don't support an alpha channel. In the future, we may want to
         # revisit this.
         image = context.images.get_pil(self.image.image_name, mode="RGB")
 
-        # Load the model.
-        spandrel_model_info = context.models.load(self.image_to_image_model)
-
         def step_callback(step: int, total_steps: int) -> None:
             context.util.signal_progress(
                 message=f"Processing tile {step}/{total_steps}",
@@ -167,7 +163,7 @@ class SpandrelImageToImageInvocation(BaseInvocation, WithMetadata, WithBoard):
             )
 
         # Do the upscaling.
-        with spandrel_model_info as spandrel_model:
+        with context.models.load(self.image_to_image_model) as spandrel_model:
             assert isinstance(spandrel_model, SpandrelImageToImageModel)
 
             # Upscale the image
@@ -200,15 +196,12 @@ class SpandrelImageToImageAutoscaleInvocation(SpandrelImageToImageInvocation):
         description="If true, the output image will be resized to the nearest multiple of 8 in both dimensions.",
     )
 
-    @torch.inference_mode()
+    @torch.no_grad()
     def invoke(self, context: InvocationContext) -> ImageOutput:
         # Images are converted to RGB, because most models don't support an alpha channel. In the future, we may want to
         # revisit this.
         image = context.images.get_pil(self.image.image_name, mode="RGB")
 
-        # Load the model.
-        spandrel_model_info = context.models.load(self.image_to_image_model)
-
         # The target size of the image, determined by the provided scale. We'll run the upscaler until we hit this size.
         # Later, we may mutate this value if the model doesn't upscale the image or if the user requested a multiple of 8.
         target_width = int(image.width * self.scale)
@@ -221,7 +214,7 @@ class SpandrelImageToImageAutoscaleInvocation(SpandrelImageToImageInvocation):
             )
 
         # Do the upscaling.
-        with spandrel_model_info as spandrel_model:
+        with context.models.load(self.image_to_image_model) as spandrel_model:
             assert isinstance(spandrel_model, SpandrelImageToImageModel)
 
             iteration = 1

invokeai/app/invocations/tiled_multi_diffusion_denoise_latents.py

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ from invokeai.app.invocations.fields import (
 from invokeai.app.invocations.model import UNetField
 from invokeai.app.invocations.primitives import LatentsOutput
 from invokeai.app.services.shared.invocation_context import InvocationContext
+from invokeai.backend.patches.layer_patcher import LayerPatcher
 from invokeai.backend.patches.model_patch_raw import ModelPatchRaw
-from invokeai.backend.patches.model_patcher import LayerPatcher
 from invokeai.backend.stable_diffusion.diffusers_pipeline import ControlNetData, PipelineIntermediateState
 from invokeai.backend.stable_diffusion.multi_diffusion_pipeline import (
     MultiDiffusionPipeline,
@@ -201,18 +201,18 @@ class TiledMultiDiffusionDenoiseLatents(BaseInvocation):
                 yield (lora_info.model, lora.weight)
                 del lora_info
 
-        # Load the UNet model.
-        unet_info = context.models.load(self.unet.unet)
-
+        device = TorchDevice.choose_torch_device()
         with (
             ExitStack() as exit_stack,
-            unet_info as unet,
-            LayerPatcher.apply_model_patches(model=unet, patches=_lora_loader(), prefix="lora_unet_"),
+            context.models.load(self.unet.unet) as unet,
+            LayerPatcher.apply_smart_model_patches(
+                model=unet, patches=_lora_loader(), prefix="lora_unet_", dtype=unet.dtype
+            ),
         ):
             assert isinstance(unet, UNet2DConditionModel)
-            latents = latents.to(device=unet.device, dtype=unet.dtype)
+            latents = latents.to(device=device, dtype=unet.dtype)
             if noise is not None:
-                noise = noise.to(device=unet.device, dtype=unet.dtype)
+                noise = noise.to(device=device, dtype=unet.dtype)
             scheduler = get_scheduler(
                 context=context,
                 scheduler_info=self.unet.scheduler,
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ class TiledMultiDiffusionDenoiseLatents(BaseInvocation):
                 context=context,
                 positive_conditioning_field=self.positive_conditioning,
                 negative_conditioning_field=self.negative_conditioning,
-                device=unet.device,
+                device=device,
                 dtype=unet.dtype,
                 latent_height=latent_tile_height,
                 latent_width=latent_tile_width,
@@ -239,6 +239,7 @@ class TiledMultiDiffusionDenoiseLatents(BaseInvocation):
                 context=context,
                 control_input=self.control,
                 latents_shape=list(latents.shape),
+                device=device,
                 # do_classifier_free_guidance=(self.cfg_scale >= 1.0))
                 do_classifier_free_guidance=True,
                 exit_stack=exit_stack,
@@ -264,7 +265,7 @@ class TiledMultiDiffusionDenoiseLatents(BaseInvocation):
 
             timesteps, init_timestep, scheduler_step_kwargs = DenoiseLatentsInvocation.init_scheduler(
                 scheduler,
-                device=unet.device,
+                device=device,
                 steps=self.steps,
                 denoising_start=self.denoising_start,
                 denoising_end=self.denoising_end,

invokeai/app/services/board_records/board_records_common.py

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def deserialize_board_record(board_dict: dict) -> BoardRecord:
 
 
 class BoardChanges(BaseModel, extra="forbid"):
-    board_name: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="The board's new name.")
+    board_name: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="The board's new name.", max_length=300)
     cover_image_name: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="The name of the board's new cover image.")
     archived: Optional[bool] = Field(default=None, description="Whether or not the board is archived")
 

invokeai/app/services/config/config_default.py

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ from functools import lru_cache
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Literal, Optional
 
-import psutil
 import yaml
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, PrivateAttr, field_validator
 from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, PydanticBaseSettingsSource, SettingsConfigDict
@@ -25,8 +24,6 @@ from invokeai.frontend.cli.arg_parser import InvokeAIArgs
 INIT_FILE = Path("invokeai.yaml")
 DB_FILE = Path("invokeai.db")
 LEGACY_INIT_FILE = Path("invokeai.init")
-DEFAULT_RAM_CACHE = 10.0
-DEFAULT_VRAM_CACHE = 0.25
 DEVICE = Literal["auto", "cpu", "cuda", "cuda:1", "mps"]
 PRECISION = Literal["auto", "float16", "bfloat16", "float32"]
 ATTENTION_TYPE = Literal["auto", "normal", "xformers", "sliced", "torch-sdp"]
@@ -36,24 +33,6 @@ LOG_LEVEL = Literal["debug", "info", "warning", "error", "critical"]
 CONFIG_SCHEMA_VERSION = "4.0.2"
 
 
-def get_default_ram_cache_size() -> float:
-    """Run a heuristic for the default RAM cache based on installed RAM."""
-
-    # On some machines, psutil.virtual_memory().total gives a value that is slightly less than the actual RAM, so the
-    # limits are set slightly lower than than what we expect the actual RAM to be.
-
-    GB = 1024**3
-    max_ram = psutil.virtual_memory().total / GB
-
-    if max_ram >= 60:
-        return 15.0
-    if max_ram >= 30:
-        return 7.5
-    if max_ram >= 14:
-        return 4.0
-    return 2.1  # 2.1 is just large enough for sd 1.5 ;-)
-
-
 class URLRegexTokenPair(BaseModel):
     url_regex: str = Field(description="Regular expression to match against the URL")
     token: str = Field(description="Token to use when the URL matches the regex")
@@ -103,10 +82,14 @@ class InvokeAIAppConfig(BaseSettings):
         profile_graphs: Enable graph profiling using `cProfile`.
         profile_prefix: An optional prefix for profile output files.
         profiles_dir: Path to profiles output directory.
-        ram: Maximum memory amount used by memory model cache for rapid switching (GB).
-        vram: Amount of VRAM reserved for model storage (GB).
-        lazy_offload: Keep models in VRAM until their space is needed.
+        max_cache_ram_gb: The maximum amount of CPU RAM to use for model caching in GB. If unset, the limit will be configured based on the available RAM. In most cases, it is recommended to leave this unset.
+        max_cache_vram_gb: The amount of VRAM to use for model caching in GB. If unset, the limit will be configured based on the available VRAM and the device_working_mem_gb. In most cases, it is recommended to leave this unset.
         log_memory_usage: If True, a memory snapshot will be captured before and after every model cache operation, and the result will be logged (at debug level). There is a time cost to capturing the memory snapshots, so it is recommended to only enable this feature if you are actively inspecting the model cache's behaviour.
+        device_working_mem_gb: The amount of working memory to keep available on the compute device (in GB). Has no effect if running on CPU. If you are experiencing OOM errors, try increasing this value.
+        enable_partial_loading: Enable partial loading of models. This enables models to run with reduced VRAM requirements (at the cost of slower speed) by streaming the model from RAM to VRAM as its used. In some edge cases, partial loading can cause models to run more slowly if they were previously being fully loaded into VRAM.
+        ram: DEPRECATED: This setting is no longer used. It has been replaced by `max_cache_ram_gb`, but most users will not need to use this config since automatic cache size limits should work well in most cases. This config setting will be removed once the new model cache behavior is stable.
+        vram: DEPRECATED: This setting is no longer used. It has been replaced by `max_cache_vram_gb`, but most users will not need to use this config since automatic cache size limits should work well in most cases. This config setting will be removed once the new model cache behavior is stable.
+        lazy_offload: DEPRECATED: This setting is no longer used. Lazy-offloading is enabled by default. This config setting will be removed once the new model cache behavior is stable.
         device: Preferred execution device. `auto` will choose the device depending on the hardware platform and the installed torch capabilities.<br>Valid values: `auto`, `cpu`, `cuda`, `cuda:1`, `mps`
         precision: Floating point precision. `float16` will consume half the memory of `float32` but produce slightly lower-quality images. The `auto` setting will guess the proper precision based on your video card and operating system.<br>Valid values: `auto`, `float16`, `bfloat16`, `float32`
         sequential_guidance: Whether to calculate guidance in serial instead of in parallel, lowering memory requirements.
@@ -174,10 +157,15 @@ class InvokeAIAppConfig(BaseSettings):
     profiles_dir:                  Path = Field(default=Path("profiles"),   description="Path to profiles output directory.")
 
     # CACHE
-    ram:                           float = Field(default_factory=get_default_ram_cache_size, gt=0, description="Maximum memory amount used by memory model cache for rapid switching (GB).")
-    vram:                          float = Field(default=DEFAULT_VRAM_CACHE, ge=0, description="Amount of VRAM reserved for model storage (GB).")
-    lazy_offload:                  bool = Field(default=True,               description="Keep models in VRAM until their space is needed.")
+    max_cache_ram_gb:   Optional[float] = Field(default=None, gt=0,         description="The maximum amount of CPU RAM to use for model caching in GB. If unset, the limit will be configured based on the available RAM. In most cases, it is recommended to leave this unset.")
+    max_cache_vram_gb:  Optional[float] = Field(default=None, ge=0,         description="The amount of VRAM to use for model caching in GB. If unset, the limit will be configured based on the available VRAM and the device_working_mem_gb. In most cases, it is recommended to leave this unset.")
     log_memory_usage:              bool = Field(default=False,              description="If True, a memory snapshot will be captured before and after every model cache operation, and the result will be logged (at debug level). There is a time cost to capturing the memory snapshots, so it is recommended to only enable this feature if you are actively inspecting the model cache's behaviour.")
+    device_working_mem_gb:        float = Field(default=3,                  description="The amount of working memory to keep available on the compute device (in GB). Has no effect if running on CPU. If you are experiencing OOM errors, try increasing this value.")
+    enable_partial_loading:        bool = Field(default=False,              description="Enable partial loading of models. This enables models to run with reduced VRAM requirements (at the cost of slower speed) by streaming the model from RAM to VRAM as its used. In some edge cases, partial loading can cause models to run more slowly if they were previously being fully loaded into VRAM.")
+    # Deprecated CACHE configs
+    ram:                Optional[float] = Field(default=None, gt=0,         description="DEPRECATED: This setting is no longer used. It has been replaced by `max_cache_ram_gb`, but most users will not need to use this config since automatic cache size limits should work well in most cases. This config setting will be removed once the new model cache behavior is stable.")
+    vram:               Optional[float] = Field(default=None, ge=0,         description="DEPRECATED: This setting is no longer used. It has been replaced by `max_cache_vram_gb`, but most users will not need to use this config since automatic cache size limits should work well in most cases. This config setting will be removed once the new model cache behavior is stable.")
+    lazy_offload:                  bool = Field(default=True,               description="DEPRECATED: This setting is no longer used. Lazy-offloading is enabled by default. This config setting will be removed once the new model cache behavior is stable.")
 
     # DEVICE
     device:                      DEVICE = Field(default="auto",             description="Preferred execution device. `auto` will choose the device depending on the hardware platform and the installed torch capabilities.")

invokeai/app/services/download/download_default.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import time
 import traceback
 from pathlib import Path
 from queue import Empty, PriorityQueue
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Literal, Optional, Set
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Literal, Optional, Set
 
 import requests
 from pydantic.networks import AnyHttpUrl
@@ -28,11 +28,13 @@ from invokeai.app.services.download.download_base import (
     ServiceInactiveException,
     UnknownJobIDException,
 )
-from invokeai.app.services.events.events_base import EventServiceBase
 from invokeai.app.util.misc import get_iso_timestamp
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.metadata import RemoteModelFile
 from invokeai.backend.util.logging import InvokeAILogger
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from invokeai.app.services.events.events_base import EventServiceBase
+
 # Maximum number of bytes to download during each call to requests.iter_content()
 DOWNLOAD_CHUNK_SIZE = 100000
 

invokeai/app/services/events/__init__.py

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-from .events_base import EventServiceBase  # noqa F401

invokeai/app/services/events/events_common.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from fastapi_events.handlers.local import local_handler
 from fastapi_events.registry.payload_schema import registry as payload_schema
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
 
+from invokeai.app.services.model_install.model_install_common import ModelInstallJob, ModelSource
 from invokeai.app.services.session_processor.session_processor_common import ProgressImage
 from invokeai.app.services.session_queue.session_queue_common import (
     QUEUE_ITEM_STATUS,
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ from invokeai.backend.model_manager.config import AnyModelConfig, SubModelType
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from invokeai.app.services.download.download_base import DownloadJob
-    from invokeai.app.services.model_install.model_install_common import ModelInstallJob
+    from invokeai.app.services.model_install.model_install_common import ModelInstallJob, ModelSource
 
 
 class EventBase(BaseModel):
@@ -422,7 +423,7 @@ class ModelInstallDownloadStartedEvent(ModelEventBase):
     __event_name__ = "model_install_download_started"
 
     id: int = Field(description="The ID of the install job")
-    source: str = Field(description="Source of the model; local path, repo_id or url")
+    source: ModelSource = Field(description="Source of the model; local path, repo_id or url")
     local_path: str = Field(description="Where model is downloading to")
     bytes: int = Field(description="Number of bytes downloaded so far")
     total_bytes: int = Field(description="Total size of download, including all files")
@@ -443,7 +444,7 @@ class ModelInstallDownloadStartedEvent(ModelEventBase):
         ]
         return cls(
             id=job.id,
-            source=str(job.source),
+            source=job.source,
             local_path=job.local_path.as_posix(),
             parts=parts,
             bytes=job.bytes,
@@ -458,7 +459,7 @@ class ModelInstallDownloadProgressEvent(ModelEventBase):
     __event_name__ = "model_install_download_progress"
 
     id: int = Field(description="The ID of the install job")
-    source: str = Field(description="Source of the model; local path, repo_id or url")
+    source: ModelSource = Field(description="Source of the model; local path, repo_id or url")
     local_path: str = Field(description="Where model is downloading to")
     bytes: int = Field(description="Number of bytes downloaded so far")
     total_bytes: int = Field(description="Total size of download, including all files")
@@ -479,7 +480,7 @@ class ModelInstallDownloadProgressEvent(ModelEventBase):
         ]
         return cls(
             id=job.id,
-            source=str(job.source),
+            source=job.source,
             local_path=job.local_path.as_posix(),
             parts=parts,
             bytes=job.bytes,
@@ -494,11 +495,11 @@ class ModelInstallDownloadsCompleteEvent(ModelEventBase):
     __event_name__ = "model_install_downloads_complete"
 
     id: int = Field(description="The ID of the install job")
-    source: str = Field(description="Source of the model; local path, repo_id or url")
+    source: ModelSource = Field(description="Source of the model; local path, repo_id or url")
 
     @classmethod
     def build(cls, job: "ModelInstallJob") -> "ModelInstallDownloadsCompleteEvent":
-        return cls(id=job.id, source=str(job.source))
+        return cls(id=job.id, source=job.source)
 
 
 @payload_schema.register
@@ -508,11 +509,11 @@ class ModelInstallStartedEvent(ModelEventBase):
     __event_name__ = "model_install_started"
 
     id: int = Field(description="The ID of the install job")
-    source: str = Field(description="Source of the model; local path, repo_id or url")
+    source: ModelSource = Field(description="Source of the model; local path, repo_id or url")
 
     @classmethod
     def build(cls, job: "ModelInstallJob") -> "ModelInstallStartedEvent":
-        return cls(id=job.id, source=str(job.source))
+        return cls(id=job.id, source=job.source)
 
 
 @payload_schema.register
@@ -522,14 +523,14 @@ class ModelInstallCompleteEvent(ModelEventBase):
     __event_name__ = "model_install_complete"
 
     id: int = Field(description="The ID of the install job")
-    source: str = Field(description="Source of the model; local path, repo_id or url")
+    source: ModelSource = Field(description="Source of the model; local path, repo_id or url")
     key: str = Field(description="Model config record key")
     total_bytes: Optional[int] = Field(description="Size of the model (may be None for installation of a local path)")
 
     @classmethod
     def build(cls, job: "ModelInstallJob") -> "ModelInstallCompleteEvent":
         assert job.config_out is not None
-        return cls(id=job.id, source=str(job.source), key=(job.config_out.key), total_bytes=job.total_bytes)
+        return cls(id=job.id, source=job.source, key=(job.config_out.key), total_bytes=job.total_bytes)
 
 
 @payload_schema.register
@@ -539,11 +540,11 @@ class ModelInstallCancelledEvent(ModelEventBase):
     __event_name__ = "model_install_cancelled"
 
     id: int = Field(description="The ID of the install job")
-    source: str = Field(description="Source of the model; local path, repo_id or url")
+    source: ModelSource = Field(description="Source of the model; local path, repo_id or url")
 
     @classmethod
     def build(cls, job: "ModelInstallJob") -> "ModelInstallCancelledEvent":
-        return cls(id=job.id, source=str(job.source))
+        return cls(id=job.id, source=job.source)
 
 
 @payload_schema.register
@@ -553,7 +554,7 @@ class ModelInstallErrorEvent(ModelEventBase):
     __event_name__ = "model_install_error"
 
     id: int = Field(description="The ID of the install job")
-    source: str = Field(description="Source of the model; local path, repo_id or url")
+    source: ModelSource = Field(description="Source of the model; local path, repo_id or url")
     error_type: str = Field(description="The name of the exception")
     error: str = Field(description="A text description of the exception")
 
@@ -561,7 +562,7 @@ class ModelInstallErrorEvent(ModelEventBase):
     def build(cls, job: "ModelInstallJob") -> "ModelInstallErrorEvent":
         assert job.error_type is not None
         assert job.error is not None
-        return cls(id=job.id, source=str(job.source), error_type=job.error_type, error=job.error)
+        return cls(id=job.id, source=job.source, error_type=job.error_type, error=job.error)
 
 
 class BulkDownloadEventBase(EventBase):

invokeai/app/services/invocation_stats/invocation_stats_default.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from invokeai.app.services.invocation_stats.invocation_stats_common import (
     NodeExecutionStatsSummary,
 )
 from invokeai.app.services.invoker import Invoker
-from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache import CacheStats
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.cache_stats import CacheStats
 
 # Size of 1GB in bytes.
 GB = 2**30

invokeai/app/services/model_install/model_install_base.py

@@ -3,18 +3,20 @@
 
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import List, Optional, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional, Union
 
 from pydantic.networks import AnyHttpUrl
 
 from invokeai.app.services.config import InvokeAIAppConfig
 from invokeai.app.services.download import DownloadQueueServiceBase
-from invokeai.app.services.events.events_base import EventServiceBase
 from invokeai.app.services.invoker import Invoker
 from invokeai.app.services.model_install.model_install_common import ModelInstallJob, ModelSource
 from invokeai.app.services.model_records import ModelRecordChanges, ModelRecordServiceBase
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager import AnyModelConfig
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from invokeai.app.services.events.events_base import EventServiceBase
+
 
 class ModelInstallServiceBase(ABC):
     """Abstract base class for InvokeAI model installation."""

invokeai/app/services/model_install/model_install_default.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from queue import Empty, Queue
 from shutil import copyfile, copytree, move, rmtree
 from tempfile import mkdtemp
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union
 
 import torch
 import yaml
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ from requests import Session
 
 from invokeai.app.services.config import InvokeAIAppConfig
 from invokeai.app.services.download import DownloadQueueServiceBase, MultiFileDownloadJob
-from invokeai.app.services.events.events_base import EventServiceBase
 from invokeai.app.services.invoker import Invoker
 from invokeai.app.services.model_install.model_install_base import ModelInstallServiceBase
 from invokeai.app.services.model_install.model_install_common import (
@@ -57,6 +56,10 @@ from invokeai.backend.util.catch_sigint import catch_sigint
 from invokeai.backend.util.devices import TorchDevice
 from invokeai.backend.util.util import slugify
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from invokeai.app.services.events.events_base import EventServiceBase
+
+
 TMPDIR_PREFIX = "tmpinstall_"
 
 

invokeai/app/services/model_load/model_load_base.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from typing import Callable, Optional
 
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager import AnyModel, AnyModelConfig, SubModelType
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load import LoadedModel, LoadedModelWithoutConfig
-from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.model_cache_base import ModelCacheBase
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.model_cache import ModelCache
 
 
 class ModelLoadServiceBase(ABC):
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class ModelLoadServiceBase(ABC):
 
     @property
     @abstractmethod
-    def ram_cache(self) -> ModelCacheBase[AnyModel]:
+    def ram_cache(self) -> ModelCache:
         """Return the RAM cache used by this loader."""
 
     @abstractmethod

invokeai/app/services/model_load/model_load_default.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load import (
     ModelLoaderRegistry,
     ModelLoaderRegistryBase,
 )
-from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.model_cache_base import ModelCacheBase
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.model_cache import ModelCache
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_loaders.generic_diffusers import GenericDiffusersLoader
 from invokeai.backend.util.devices import TorchDevice
 from invokeai.backend.util.logging import InvokeAILogger
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class ModelLoadService(ModelLoadServiceBase):
     def __init__(
         self,
         app_config: InvokeAIAppConfig,
-        ram_cache: ModelCacheBase[AnyModel],
+        ram_cache: ModelCache,
         registry: Optional[Type[ModelLoaderRegistryBase]] = ModelLoaderRegistry,
     ):
         """Initialize the model load service."""
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class ModelLoadService(ModelLoadServiceBase):
         self._invoker = invoker
 
     @property
-    def ram_cache(self) -> ModelCacheBase[AnyModel]:
+    def ram_cache(self) -> ModelCache:
         """Return the RAM cache used by this loader."""
         return self._ram_cache
 
@@ -78,9 +78,8 @@ class ModelLoadService(ModelLoadServiceBase):
         self, model_path: Path, loader: Optional[Callable[[Path], AnyModel]] = None
     ) -> LoadedModelWithoutConfig:
         cache_key = str(model_path)
-        ram_cache = self.ram_cache
         try:
-            return LoadedModelWithoutConfig(_locker=ram_cache.get(key=cache_key))
+            return LoadedModelWithoutConfig(cache_record=self._ram_cache.get(key=cache_key), cache=self._ram_cache)
         except IndexError:
             pass
 
@@ -109,5 +108,5 @@ class ModelLoadService(ModelLoadServiceBase):
         )
         assert loader is not None
         raw_model = loader(model_path)
-        ram_cache.put(key=cache_key, model=raw_model)
-        return LoadedModelWithoutConfig(_locker=ram_cache.get(key=cache_key))
+        self._ram_cache.put(key=cache_key, model=raw_model)
+        return LoadedModelWithoutConfig(cache_record=self._ram_cache.get(key=cache_key), cache=self._ram_cache)

invokeai/app/services/model_manager/model_manager_default.py

@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ from invokeai.app.services.model_load.model_load_base import ModelLoadServiceBas
 from invokeai.app.services.model_load.model_load_default import ModelLoadService
 from invokeai.app.services.model_manager.model_manager_base import ModelManagerServiceBase
 from invokeai.app.services.model_records.model_records_base import ModelRecordServiceBase
-from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load import ModelCache, ModelLoaderRegistry
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.model_cache import ModelCache
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_loader_registry import ModelLoaderRegistry
 from invokeai.backend.util.devices import TorchDevice
 from invokeai.backend.util.logging import InvokeAILogger
 
@@ -81,11 +82,12 @@ class ModelManagerService(ModelManagerServiceBase):
         logger.setLevel(app_config.log_level.upper())
 
         ram_cache = ModelCache(
-            max_cache_size=app_config.ram,
-            max_vram_cache_size=app_config.vram,
-            lazy_offloading=app_config.lazy_offload,
-            logger=logger,
+            execution_device_working_mem_gb=app_config.device_working_mem_gb,
+            enable_partial_loading=app_config.enable_partial_loading,
+            max_ram_cache_size_gb=app_config.max_cache_ram_gb,
+            max_vram_cache_size_gb=app_config.max_cache_vram_gb,
             execution_device=execution_device or TorchDevice.choose_torch_device(),
+            logger=logger,
         )
         loader = ModelLoadService(
             app_config=app_config,

invokeai/backend/flux/extensions/xlabs_ip_adapter_extension.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from transformers import CLIPImageProcessor, CLIPVisionModelWithProjection
 
 from invokeai.backend.flux.ip_adapter.xlabs_ip_adapter_flux import XlabsIpAdapterFlux
 from invokeai.backend.flux.modules.layers import DoubleStreamBlock
+from invokeai.backend.util.devices import TorchDevice
 
 
 class XLabsIPAdapterExtension:
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ class XLabsIPAdapterExtension:
     ) -> torch.Tensor:
         clip_image_processor = CLIPImageProcessor()
         clip_image: torch.Tensor = clip_image_processor(images=pil_image, return_tensors="pt").pixel_values
-        clip_image = clip_image.to(device=image_encoder.device, dtype=image_encoder.dtype)
+        clip_image = clip_image.to(device=TorchDevice.choose_torch_device(), dtype=image_encoder.dtype)
         clip_image_embeds = image_encoder(clip_image).image_embeds
         return clip_image_embeds
 

invokeai/backend/flux/modules/conditioner.py

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 from torch import Tensor, nn
 from transformers import PreTrainedModel, PreTrainedTokenizer
 
+from invokeai.backend.util.devices import TorchDevice
+
 
 class HFEncoder(nn.Module):
     def __init__(self, encoder: PreTrainedModel, tokenizer: PreTrainedTokenizer, is_clip: bool, max_length: int):
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ class HFEncoder(nn.Module):
         )
 
         outputs = self.hf_module(
-            input_ids=batch_encoding["input_ids"].to(self.hf_module.device),
+            input_ids=batch_encoding["input_ids"].to(TorchDevice.choose_torch_device()),
             attention_mask=None,
             output_hidden_states=False,
         )

invokeai/backend/image_util/hed.py

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from invokeai.backend.image_util.util import (
     resize_image_to_resolution,
     safe_step,
 )
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.utils import get_effective_device
 
 
 class DoubleConvBlock(torch.nn.Module):
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ class HEDProcessor:
         Returns:
             The detected edges.
         """
-        device = next(iter(self.network.parameters())).device
+        device = get_effective_device(self.network)
         np_image = pil_to_np(input_image)
         np_image = normalize_image_channel_count(np_image)
         np_image = resize_image_to_resolution(np_image, detect_resolution)
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ class HEDEdgeDetector:
             The detected edges.
         """
 
-        device = next(iter(self.model.parameters())).device
+        device = get_effective_device(self.model)
 
         np_image = pil_to_np(image)
 

invokeai/backend/image_util/infill_methods/lama.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from PIL import Image
 
 import invokeai.backend.util.logging as logger
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.config import AnyModel
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.utils import get_effective_device
 
 
 def norm_img(np_img):
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ class LaMA:
         mask = norm_img(mask)
         mask = (mask > 0) * 1
 
-        device = next(self._model.buffers()).device
+        device = get_effective_device(self._model)
         image = torch.from_numpy(image).unsqueeze(0).to(device)
         mask = torch.from_numpy(mask).unsqueeze(0).to(device)
 

invokeai/backend/image_util/lineart.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from invokeai.backend.image_util.util import (
     pil_to_np,
     resize_image_to_resolution,
 )
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.utils import get_effective_device
 
 
 class ResidualBlock(nn.Module):
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ class LineartProcessor:
         Returns:
             The detected lineart.
         """
-        device = next(iter(self.model.parameters())).device
+        device = get_effective_device(self.model)
 
         np_image = pil_to_np(input_image)
         np_image = normalize_image_channel_count(np_image)
@@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ class LineartEdgeDetector:
         Returns:
             The detected edges.
         """
-        device = next(iter(self.model.parameters())).device
+        device = get_effective_device(self.model)
 
         np_image = pil_to_np(image)
 

invokeai/backend/image_util/lineart_anime.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from invokeai.backend.image_util.util import (
     pil_to_np,
     resize_image_to_resolution,
 )
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.utils import get_effective_device
 
 
 class UnetGenerator(nn.Module):
@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ class LineartAnimeProcessor:
         Returns:
             The detected lineart.
         """
-        device = next(iter(self.model.parameters())).device
+        device = get_effective_device(self.model)
         np_image = pil_to_np(input_image)
 
         np_image = normalize_image_channel_count(np_image)
@@ -239,7 +240,7 @@ class LineartAnimeEdgeDetector:
 
     def run(self, image: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
         """Processes an image and returns the detected edges."""
-        device = next(iter(self.model.parameters())).device
+        device = get_effective_device(self.model)
 
         np_image = pil_to_np(image)
 

invokeai/backend/image_util/mlsd/utils.py

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ import numpy as np
 import torch
 from torch.nn import functional as F
 
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.utils import get_effective_device
+
 
 def deccode_output_score_and_ptss(tpMap, topk_n = 200, ksize = 5):
     '''
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ def pred_lines(image, model,
                dist_thr=20.0):
     h, w, _ = image.shape
 
-    device = next(iter(model.parameters())).device
+    device = get_effective_device(model)
     h_ratio, w_ratio = [h / input_shape[0], w / input_shape[1]]
 
     resized_image = np.concatenate([cv2.resize(image, (input_shape[1], input_shape[0]), interpolation=cv2.INTER_AREA),
@@ -108,7 +110,7 @@ def pred_squares(image,
     '''
     h, w, _ = image.shape
     original_shape = [h, w]
-    device = next(iter(model.parameters())).device
+    device = get_effective_device(model)
 
     resized_image = np.concatenate([cv2.resize(image, (input_shape[0], input_shape[1]), interpolation=cv2.INTER_AREA),
                                     np.ones([input_shape[0], input_shape[1], 1])], axis=-1)

invokeai/backend/image_util/normal_bae/__init__.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from PIL import Image
 
 from invokeai.backend.image_util.normal_bae.nets.NNET import NNET
 from invokeai.backend.image_util.util import np_to_pil, pil_to_np, resize_to_multiple
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.utils import get_effective_device
 
 
 class NormalMapDetector:
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ class NormalMapDetector:
     def run(self, image: Image.Image):
         """Processes an image and returns the detected normal map."""
 
-        device = next(iter(self.model.parameters())).device
+        device = get_effective_device(self.model)
         np_image = pil_to_np(image)
 
         height, width, _channels = np_image.shape

invokeai/backend/image_util/pidi/__init__.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from PIL import Image
 
 from invokeai.backend.image_util.pidi.model import PiDiNet, pidinet
 from invokeai.backend.image_util.util import nms, normalize_image_channel_count, np_to_pil, pil_to_np, safe_step
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.utils import get_effective_device
 
 
 class PIDINetDetector:
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ class PIDINetDetector:
     ) -> Image.Image:
         """Processes an image and returns the detected edges."""
 
-        device = next(iter(self.model.parameters())).device
+        device = get_effective_device(self.model)
 
         np_img = pil_to_np(image)
         np_img = normalize_image_channel_count(np_img)

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/__init__.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.load_base import LoadedModel, LoadedModelWithoutConfig, ModelLoaderBase
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.load_default import ModelLoader
-from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.model_cache_default import ModelCache
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.model_cache import ModelCache
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_loader_registry import ModelLoaderRegistry, ModelLoaderRegistryBase
 
 # This registers the subclasses that implement loaders of specific model types

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/load_base.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ Base class for model loading in InvokeAI.
 
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from contextlib import contextmanager
-from dataclasses import dataclass
 from logging import Logger
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Dict, Generator, Optional, Tuple
@@ -18,19 +17,17 @@ from invokeai.backend.model_manager.config import (
     AnyModelConfig,
     SubModelType,
 )
-from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.model_cache_base import ModelCacheBase, ModelLockerBase
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.cache_record import CacheRecord
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.model_cache import ModelCache
 
 
-@dataclass
 class LoadedModelWithoutConfig:
-    """
-    Context manager object that mediates transfer from RAM<->VRAM.
+    """Context manager object that mediates transfer from RAM<->VRAM.
 
     This is a context manager object that has two distinct APIs:
 
     1. Older API (deprecated):
-    Use the LoadedModel object directly as a context manager.
-    It will move the model into VRAM (on CUDA devices), and
+    Use the LoadedModel object directly as a context manager.  It will move the model into VRAM (on CUDA devices), and
     return the model in a form suitable for passing to torch.
     Example:
     ```
@@ -40,13 +37,9 @@ class LoadedModelWithoutConfig:
     ```
 
     2. Newer API (recommended):
-    Call the LoadedModel's `model_on_device()` method in a
-    context. It returns a tuple consisting of a copy of
-    the model's state dict in CPU RAM followed by a copy
-    of the model in VRAM. The state dict is provided to allow
-    LoRAs and other model patchers to return the model to
-    its unpatched state without expensive copy and restore
-    operations.
+    Call the LoadedModel's `model_on_device()` method in a context. It returns a tuple consisting of a copy of the
+    model's state dict in CPU RAM followed by a copy of the model in VRAM. The state dict is provided to allow LoRAs and
+    other model patchers to return the model to its unpatched state without expensive copy and restore operations.
 
     Example:
     ```
@@ -55,43 +48,48 @@ class LoadedModelWithoutConfig:
         image = vae.decode(latents)[0]
     ```
 
-    The state_dict should be treated as a read-only object and
-    never modified. Also be aware that some loadable models do
-    not have a state_dict, in which case this value will be None.
+    The state_dict should be treated as a read-only object and never modified. Also be aware that some loadable models
+    do not have a state_dict, in which case this value will be None.
     """
 
-    _locker: ModelLockerBase
+    def __init__(self, cache_record: CacheRecord, cache: ModelCache):
+        self._cache_record = cache_record
+        self._cache = cache
 
     def __enter__(self) -> AnyModel:
-        """Context entry."""
-        self._locker.lock()
+        self._cache.lock(self._cache_record, None)
         return self.model
 
     def __exit__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
-        """Context exit."""
-        self._locker.unlock()
+        self._cache.unlock(self._cache_record)
 
     @contextmanager
-    def model_on_device(self) -> Generator[Tuple[Optional[Dict[str, torch.Tensor]], AnyModel], None, None]:
-        """Return a tuple consisting of the model's state dict (if it exists) and the locked model on execution device."""
-        locked_model = self._locker.lock()
+    def model_on_device(
+        self, working_mem_bytes: Optional[int] = None
+    ) -> Generator[Tuple[Optional[Dict[str, torch.Tensor]], AnyModel], None, None]:
+        """Return a tuple consisting of the model's state dict (if it exists) and the locked model on execution device.
+
+        :param working_mem_bytes: The amount of working memory to keep available on the compute device when loading the
+            model.
+        """
+        self._cache.lock(self._cache_record, working_mem_bytes)
         try:
-            state_dict = self._locker.get_state_dict()
-            yield (state_dict, locked_model)
+            yield (self._cache_record.cached_model.get_cpu_state_dict(), self._cache_record.cached_model.model)
         finally:
-            self._locker.unlock()
+            self._cache.unlock(self._cache_record)
 
     @property
     def model(self) -> AnyModel:
         """Return the model without locking it."""
-        return self._locker.model
+        return self._cache_record.cached_model.model
 
 
-@dataclass
 class LoadedModel(LoadedModelWithoutConfig):
     """Context manager object that mediates transfer from RAM<->VRAM."""
 
-    config: Optional[AnyModelConfig] = None
+    def __init__(self, config: Optional[AnyModelConfig], cache_record: CacheRecord, cache: ModelCache):
+        super().__init__(cache_record=cache_record, cache=cache)
+        self.config = config
 
 
 # TODO(MM2):
@@ -110,7 +108,7 @@ class ModelLoaderBase(ABC):
         self,
         app_config: InvokeAIAppConfig,
         logger: Logger,
-        ram_cache: ModelCacheBase[AnyModel],
+        ram_cache: ModelCache,
     ):
         """Initialize the loader."""
         pass
@@ -138,6 +136,6 @@ class ModelLoaderBase(ABC):
 
     @property
     @abstractmethod
-    def ram_cache(self) -> ModelCacheBase[AnyModel]:
+    def ram_cache(self) -> ModelCache:
         """Return the ram cache associated with this loader."""
         pass

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/load_default.py

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ from invokeai.backend.model_manager import (
 )
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.config import DiffusersConfigBase
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.load_base import LoadedModel, ModelLoaderBase
-from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.model_cache_base import ModelCacheBase, ModelLockerBase
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.cache_record import CacheRecord
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.model_cache import ModelCache, get_model_cache_key
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_util import calc_model_size_by_fs
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.optimizations import skip_torch_weight_init
 from invokeai.backend.util.devices import TorchDevice
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ class ModelLoader(ModelLoaderBase):
         self,
         app_config: InvokeAIAppConfig,
         logger: Logger,
-        ram_cache: ModelCacheBase[AnyModel],
+        ram_cache: ModelCache,
     ):
         """Initialize the loader."""
         self._app_config = app_config
@@ -54,11 +55,11 @@ class ModelLoader(ModelLoaderBase):
             raise InvalidModelConfigException(f"Files for model '{model_config.name}' not found at {model_path}")
 
         with skip_torch_weight_init():
-            locker = self._load_and_cache(model_config, submodel_type)
-        return LoadedModel(config=model_config, _locker=locker)
+            cache_record = self._load_and_cache(model_config, submodel_type)
+        return LoadedModel(config=model_config, cache_record=cache_record, cache=self._ram_cache)
 
     @property
-    def ram_cache(self) -> ModelCacheBase[AnyModel]:
+    def ram_cache(self) -> ModelCache:
         """Return the ram cache associated with this loader."""
         return self._ram_cache
 
@@ -66,10 +67,10 @@ class ModelLoader(ModelLoaderBase):
         model_base = self._app_config.models_path
         return (model_base / config.path).resolve()
 
-    def _load_and_cache(self, config: AnyModelConfig, submodel_type: Optional[SubModelType] = None) -> ModelLockerBase:
+    def _load_and_cache(self, config: AnyModelConfig, submodel_type: Optional[SubModelType] = None) -> CacheRecord:
         stats_name = ":".join([config.base, config.type, config.name, (submodel_type or "")])
         try:
-            return self._ram_cache.get(config.key, submodel_type, stats_name=stats_name)
+            return self._ram_cache.get(key=get_model_cache_key(config.key, submodel_type), stats_name=stats_name)
         except IndexError:
             pass
 
@@ -78,16 +79,11 @@ class ModelLoader(ModelLoaderBase):
         loaded_model = self._load_model(config, submodel_type)
 
         self._ram_cache.put(
-            config.key,
-            submodel_type=submodel_type,
+            get_model_cache_key(config.key, submodel_type),
             model=loaded_model,
         )
 
-        return self._ram_cache.get(
-            key=config.key,
-            submodel_type=submodel_type,
-            stats_name=stats_name,
-        )
+        return self._ram_cache.get(key=get_model_cache_key(config.key, submodel_type), stats_name=stats_name)
 
     def get_size_fs(
         self, config: AnyModelConfig, model_path: Path, submodel_type: Optional[SubModelType] = None

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-"""Init file for ModelCache."""
-
-from .model_cache_base import ModelCacheBase, CacheStats  # noqa F401
-from .model_cache_default import ModelCache  # noqa F401
-
-_all__ = ["ModelCacheBase", "ModelCache", "CacheStats"]

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/cache_record.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.cached_model.cached_model_only_full_load import (
+    CachedModelOnlyFullLoad,
+)
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.cached_model.cached_model_with_partial_load import (
+    CachedModelWithPartialLoad,
+)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class CacheRecord:
+    """A class that represents a model in the model cache."""
+
+    # Cache key.
+    key: str
+    # Model in memory.
+    cached_model: CachedModelWithPartialLoad | CachedModelOnlyFullLoad
+    _locks: int = 0
+
+    def lock(self) -> None:
+        """Lock this record."""
+        self._locks += 1
+
+    def unlock(self) -> None:
+        """Unlock this record."""
+        self._locks -= 1
+        assert self._locks >= 0
+
+    @property
+    def is_locked(self) -> bool:
+        """Return true if record is locked."""
+        return self._locks > 0

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/cache_stats.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Dict
+
+
+@dataclass
+class CacheStats(object):
+    """Collect statistics on cache performance."""
+
+    hits: int = 0  # cache hits
+    misses: int = 0  # cache misses
+    high_watermark: int = 0  # amount of cache used
+    in_cache: int = 0  # number of models in cache
+    cleared: int = 0  # number of models cleared to make space
+    cache_size: int = 0  # total size of cache
+    loaded_model_sizes: Dict[str, int] = field(default_factory=dict)

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/cached_model/cached_model_only_full_load.py

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+import torch
+
+
+class CachedModelOnlyFullLoad:
+    """A wrapper around a PyTorch model to handle full loads and unloads between the CPU and the compute device.
+    Note: "VRAM" is used throughout this class to refer to the memory on the compute device. It could be CUDA memory,
+    MPS memory, etc.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, model: torch.nn.Module | Any, compute_device: torch.device, total_bytes: int):
+        """Initialize a CachedModelOnlyFullLoad.
+        Args:
+            model (torch.nn.Module | Any): The model to wrap. Should be on the CPU.
+            compute_device (torch.device): The compute device to move the model to.
+            total_bytes (int): The total size (in bytes) of all the weights in the model.
+        """
+        # model is often a torch.nn.Module, but could be any model type. Throughout this class, we handle both cases.
+        self._model = model
+        self._compute_device = compute_device
+        self._offload_device = torch.device("cpu")
+
+        # A CPU read-only copy of the model's state dict.
+        self._cpu_state_dict: dict[str, torch.Tensor] | None = None
+        if isinstance(model, torch.nn.Module):
+            self._cpu_state_dict = model.state_dict()
+
+        self._total_bytes = total_bytes
+        self._is_in_vram = False
+
+    @property
+    def model(self) -> torch.nn.Module:
+        return self._model
+
+    def get_cpu_state_dict(self) -> dict[str, torch.Tensor] | None:
+        """Get a read-only copy of the model's state dict in RAM."""
+        # TODO(ryand): Document this better.
+        return self._cpu_state_dict
+
+    def total_bytes(self) -> int:
+        """Get the total size (in bytes) of all the weights in the model."""
+        return self._total_bytes
+
+    def cur_vram_bytes(self) -> int:
+        """Get the size (in bytes) of the weights that are currently in VRAM."""
+        if self._is_in_vram:
+            return self._total_bytes
+        else:
+            return 0
+
+    def is_in_vram(self) -> bool:
+        """Return true if the model is currently in VRAM."""
+        return self._is_in_vram
+
+    def full_load_to_vram(self) -> int:
+        """Load all weights into VRAM (if supported by the model).
+        Returns:
+            The number of bytes loaded into VRAM.
+        """
+        if self._is_in_vram:
+            # Already in VRAM.
+            return 0
+
+        if not hasattr(self._model, "to"):
+            # Model doesn't support moving to a device.
+            return 0
+
+        if self._cpu_state_dict is not None:
+            new_state_dict: dict[str, torch.Tensor] = {}
+            for k, v in self._cpu_state_dict.items():
+                new_state_dict[k] = v.to(self._compute_device, copy=True)
+            self._model.load_state_dict(new_state_dict, assign=True)
+        self._model.to(self._compute_device)
+
+        self._is_in_vram = True
+        return self._total_bytes
+
+    def full_unload_from_vram(self) -> int:
+        """Unload all weights from VRAM.
+        Returns:
+            The number of bytes unloaded from VRAM.
+        """
+        if not self._is_in_vram:
+            # Already in RAM.
+            return 0
+
+        if self._cpu_state_dict is not None:
+            self._model.load_state_dict(self._cpu_state_dict, assign=True)
+        self._model.to(self._offload_device)
+
+        self._is_in_vram = False
+        return self._total_bytes

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/cached_model/cached_model_with_partial_load.py

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+import torch
+
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.custom_modules.custom_module_mixin import (
+    CustomModuleMixin,
+)
+from invokeai.backend.util.calc_tensor_size import calc_tensor_size
+from invokeai.backend.util.logging import InvokeAILogger
+
+
+class CachedModelWithPartialLoad:
+    """A wrapper around a PyTorch model to handle partial loads and unloads between the CPU and the compute device.
+
+    Note: "VRAM" is used throughout this class to refer to the memory on the compute device. It could be CUDA memory,
+    MPS memory, etc.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, model: torch.nn.Module, compute_device: torch.device):
+        self._model = model
+        self._compute_device = compute_device
+
+        # A CPU read-only copy of the model's state dict.
+        self._cpu_state_dict: dict[str, torch.Tensor] = model.state_dict()
+
+        # A dictionary of the size of each tensor in the state dict.
+        # HACK(ryand): We use this dictionary any time we are doing byte tracking calculations. We do this for
+        # consistency in case the application code has modified the model's size (e.g. by casting to a different
+        # precision). Of course, this means that we are making model cache load/unload decisions based on model size
+        # data that may not be fully accurate.
+        self._state_dict_bytes = {k: calc_tensor_size(v) for k, v in self._cpu_state_dict.items()}
+
+        self._total_bytes = sum(self._state_dict_bytes.values())
+        self._cur_vram_bytes: int | None = None
+
+        self._modules_that_support_autocast = self._find_modules_that_support_autocast()
+        self._keys_in_modules_that_do_not_support_autocast = self._find_keys_in_modules_that_do_not_support_autocast()
+
+    def _find_modules_that_support_autocast(self) -> dict[str, torch.nn.Module]:
+        """Find all modules that support autocasting."""
+        return {n: m for n, m in self._model.named_modules() if isinstance(m, CustomModuleMixin)}  # type: ignore
+
+    def _find_keys_in_modules_that_do_not_support_autocast(self) -> set[str]:
+        keys_in_modules_that_do_not_support_autocast: set[str] = set()
+        for key in self._cpu_state_dict.keys():
+            for module_name in self._modules_that_support_autocast.keys():
+                if key.startswith(module_name):
+                    break
+            else:
+                keys_in_modules_that_do_not_support_autocast.add(key)
+        return keys_in_modules_that_do_not_support_autocast
+
+    def _move_non_persistent_buffers_to_device(self, device: torch.device):
+        """Move the non-persistent buffers to the target device. These buffers are not included in the state dict,
+        so we need to move them manually.
+        """
+        # HACK(ryand): Typically, non-persistent buffers are moved when calling module.to(device). We don't move entire
+        # modules, because we manage the devices of individual tensors using the state dict. Since non-persistent
+        # buffers are not included in the state dict, we need to handle them manually. The only way to do this is by
+        # using private torch.nn.Module attributes.
+        for module in self._model.modules():
+            for name, buffer in module.named_buffers():
+                if name in module._non_persistent_buffers_set:
+                    module._buffers[name] = buffer.to(device, copy=True)
+
+    def _set_autocast_enabled_in_all_modules(self, enabled: bool):
+        """Set autocast_enabled flag in all modules that support device autocasting."""
+        for module in self._modules_that_support_autocast.values():
+            module.set_device_autocasting_enabled(enabled)
+
+    @property
+    def model(self) -> torch.nn.Module:
+        return self._model
+
+    def get_cpu_state_dict(self) -> dict[str, torch.Tensor] | None:
+        """Get a read-only copy of the model's state dict in RAM."""
+        # TODO(ryand): Document this better.
+        return self._cpu_state_dict
+
+    def total_bytes(self) -> int:
+        """Get the total size (in bytes) of all the weights in the model."""
+        return self._total_bytes
+
+    def cur_vram_bytes(self) -> int:
+        """Get the size (in bytes) of the weights that are currently in VRAM."""
+        if self._cur_vram_bytes is None:
+            cur_state_dict = self._model.state_dict()
+            self._cur_vram_bytes = sum(
+                self._state_dict_bytes[k]
+                for k, v in cur_state_dict.items()
+                if v.device.type == self._compute_device.type
+            )
+        return self._cur_vram_bytes
+
+    def full_load_to_vram(self) -> int:
+        """Load all weights into VRAM."""
+        return self.partial_load_to_vram(self.total_bytes())
+
+    def full_unload_from_vram(self) -> int:
+        """Unload all weights from VRAM."""
+        return self.partial_unload_from_vram(self.total_bytes())
+
+    @torch.no_grad()
+    def partial_load_to_vram(self, vram_bytes_to_load: int) -> int:
+        """Load more weights into VRAM without exceeding vram_bytes_to_load.
+
+        Returns:
+            The number of bytes loaded into VRAM.
+        """
+        # TODO(ryand): Handle the case where an exception is thrown while loading or unloading weights. At the very
+        # least, we should reset self._cur_vram_bytes to None.
+
+        vram_bytes_loaded = 0
+
+        cur_state_dict = self._model.state_dict()
+
+        # First, process the keys that *must* be loaded into VRAM.
+        for key in self._keys_in_modules_that_do_not_support_autocast:
+            param = cur_state_dict[key]
+            if param.device.type == self._compute_device.type:
+                continue
+
+            param_size = self._state_dict_bytes[key]
+            cur_state_dict[key] = param.to(self._compute_device, copy=True)
+            vram_bytes_loaded += param_size
+
+        if vram_bytes_loaded > vram_bytes_to_load:
+            logger = InvokeAILogger.get_logger()
+            logger.warning(
+                f"Loaded {vram_bytes_loaded / 2**20} MB into VRAM, but only {vram_bytes_to_load / 2**20} MB were "
+                "requested. This is the minimum set of weights in VRAM required to run the model."
+            )
+
+        # Next, process the keys that can optionally be loaded into VRAM.
+        fully_loaded = True
+        for key, param in cur_state_dict.items():
+            if param.device.type == self._compute_device.type:
+                continue
+
+            param_size = self._state_dict_bytes[key]
+            if vram_bytes_loaded + param_size > vram_bytes_to_load:
+                # TODO(ryand): Should we just break here? If we couldn't fit this parameter into VRAM, is it really
+                # worth continuing to search for a smaller parameter that would fit?
+                fully_loaded = False
+                continue
+
+            cur_state_dict[key] = param.to(self._compute_device, copy=True)
+            vram_bytes_loaded += param_size
+
+        if vram_bytes_loaded > 0:
+            # We load the entire state dict, not just the parameters that changed, in case there are modules that
+            # override _load_from_state_dict() and do some funky stuff that requires the entire state dict.
+            # Alternatively, in the future, grouping parameters by module could probably solve this problem.
+            self._model.load_state_dict(cur_state_dict, assign=True)
+
+        if self._cur_vram_bytes is not None:
+            self._cur_vram_bytes += vram_bytes_loaded
+
+        if fully_loaded:
+            self._set_autocast_enabled_in_all_modules(False)
+        else:
+            self._set_autocast_enabled_in_all_modules(True)
+
+        # Move all non-persistent buffers to the compute device. These are a weird edge case and do not participate in
+        # the vram_bytes_loaded tracking.
+        self._move_non_persistent_buffers_to_device(self._compute_device)
+
+        return vram_bytes_loaded
+
+    @torch.no_grad()
+    def partial_unload_from_vram(self, vram_bytes_to_free: int, keep_required_weights_in_vram: bool = False) -> int:
+        """Unload weights from VRAM until vram_bytes_to_free bytes are freed. Or the entire model is unloaded.
+
+        :param keep_required_weights_in_vram: If True, any weights that must be kept in VRAM to run the model will be
+            kept in VRAM.
+
+        Returns:
+            The number of bytes unloaded from VRAM.
+        """
+        vram_bytes_freed = 0
+        required_weights_in_vram = 0
+
+        offload_device = "cpu"
+        cur_state_dict = self._model.state_dict()
+        for key, param in cur_state_dict.items():
+            if vram_bytes_freed >= vram_bytes_to_free:
+                break
+
+            if param.device.type == offload_device:
+                continue
+
+            if keep_required_weights_in_vram and key in self._keys_in_modules_that_do_not_support_autocast:
+                required_weights_in_vram += self._state_dict_bytes[key]
+                continue
+
+            cur_state_dict[key] = self._cpu_state_dict[key]
+            vram_bytes_freed += self._state_dict_bytes[key]
+
+        if vram_bytes_freed > 0:
+            self._model.load_state_dict(cur_state_dict, assign=True)
+
+        if self._cur_vram_bytes is not None:
+            self._cur_vram_bytes -= vram_bytes_freed
+
+        # We may have gone from a fully-loaded model to a partially-loaded model, so we need to reapply the custom
+        # layers.
+        self._set_autocast_enabled_in_all_modules(True)
+        return vram_bytes_freed

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/dev_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+import torch
+
+from invokeai.backend.util.logging import InvokeAILogger
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def log_operation_vram_usage(operation_name: str):
+    """A helper function for tuning working memory requirements for memory-intensive ops.
+
+    Sample usage:
+
+    ```python
+    with log_operation_vram_usage("some_operation"):
+        some_operation()
+    ```
+    """
+    torch.cuda.synchronize()
+    torch.cuda.reset_peak_memory_stats()
+    max_allocated_before = torch.cuda.max_memory_allocated()
+    max_reserved_before = torch.cuda.max_memory_reserved()
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        torch.cuda.synchronize()
+        max_allocated_after = torch.cuda.max_memory_allocated()
+        max_reserved_after = torch.cuda.max_memory_reserved()
+        logger = InvokeAILogger.get_logger()
+        logger.info(
+            f">>>{operation_name} Peak VRAM allocated: {(max_allocated_after - max_allocated_before) / 2**20} MB, "
+            f"Peak VRAM reserved: {(max_reserved_after - max_reserved_before) / 2**20} MB"
+        )

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/model_cache.py

@@ -0,0 +1,639 @@
+import gc
+import logging
+import time
+from logging import Logger
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional
+
+import psutil
+import torch
+
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager import AnyModel, SubModelType
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.memory_snapshot import MemorySnapshot
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.cache_record import CacheRecord
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.cache_stats import CacheStats
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.cached_model.cached_model_only_full_load import (
+    CachedModelOnlyFullLoad,
+)
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.cached_model.cached_model_with_partial_load import (
+    CachedModelWithPartialLoad,
+)
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.torch_module_autocast import (
+    apply_custom_layers_to_model,
+)
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_util import calc_model_size_by_data
+from invokeai.backend.util.devices import TorchDevice
+from invokeai.backend.util.logging import InvokeAILogger
+from invokeai.backend.util.prefix_logger_adapter import PrefixedLoggerAdapter
+
+# Size of a GB in bytes.
+GB = 2**30
+
+# Size of a MB in bytes.
+MB = 2**20
+
+
+# TODO(ryand): Where should this go? The ModelCache shouldn't be concerned with submodels.
+def get_model_cache_key(model_key: str, submodel_type: Optional[SubModelType] = None) -> str:
+    """Get the cache key for a model based on the optional submodel type."""
+    if submodel_type:
+        return f"{model_key}:{submodel_type.value}"
+    else:
+        return model_key
+
+
+class ModelCache:
+    """A cache for managing models in memory.
+
+    The cache is based on two levels of model storage:
+    - execution_device: The device where most models are executed (typically "cuda", "mps", or "cpu").
+    - storage_device: The device where models are offloaded when not in active use (typically "cpu").
+
+    The model cache is based on the following assumptions:
+    - storage_device_mem_size > execution_device_mem_size
+    - disk_to_storage_device_transfer_time >> storage_device_to_execution_device_transfer_time
+
+    A copy of all models in the cache is always kept on the storage_device. A subset of the models also have a copy on
+    the execution_device.
+
+    Models are moved between the storage_device and the execution_device as necessary. Cache size limits are enforced
+    on both the storage_device and the execution_device. The execution_device cache uses a smallest-first offload
+    policy. The storage_device cache uses a least-recently-used (LRU) offload policy.
+
+    Note: Neither of these offload policies has really been compared against alternatives. It's likely that different
+    policies would be better, although the optimal policies are likely heavily dependent on usage patterns and HW
+    configuration.
+
+    The cache returns context manager generators designed to load the model into the execution device (often GPU) within
+    the context, and unload outside the context.
+
+    Example usage:
+    ```
+    cache = ModelCache(max_cache_size=7.5, max_vram_cache_size=6.0)
+    with cache.get_model('runwayml/stable-diffusion-1-5') as SD1:
+        do_something_on_gpu(SD1)
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        execution_device_working_mem_gb: float,
+        enable_partial_loading: bool,
+        max_ram_cache_size_gb: float | None = None,
+        max_vram_cache_size_gb: float | None = None,
+        execution_device: torch.device | str = "cuda",
+        storage_device: torch.device | str = "cpu",
+        log_memory_usage: bool = False,
+        logger: Optional[Logger] = None,
+    ):
+        """Initialize the model RAM cache.
+
+        :param execution_device_working_mem_gb: The amount of working memory to keep on the GPU (in GB) i.e. non-model
+            VRAM.
+        :param enable_partial_loading: Whether to enable partial loading of models.
+        :param max_ram_cache_size_gb: The maximum amount of CPU RAM to use for model caching in GB. This parameter is
+            kept to maintain compatibility with previous versions of the model cache, but should be deprecated in the
+            future. If set, this parameter overrides the default cache size logic.
+        :param max_vram_cache_size_gb: The amount of VRAM to use for model caching in GB. This parameter is kept to
+            maintain compatibility with previous versions of the model cache, but should be deprecated in the future.
+            If set, this parameter overrides the default cache size logic.
+        :param execution_device: Torch device to load active model into [torch.device('cuda')]
+        :param storage_device: Torch device to save inactive model in [torch.device('cpu')]
+        :param log_memory_usage: If True, a memory snapshot will be captured before and after every model cache
+            operation, and the result will be logged (at debug level). There is a time cost to capturing the memory
+            snapshots, so it is recommended to disable this feature unless you are actively inspecting the model cache's
+            behaviour.
+        :param logger: InvokeAILogger to use (otherwise creates one)
+        """
+        self._enable_partial_loading = enable_partial_loading
+        self._execution_device_working_mem_gb = execution_device_working_mem_gb
+        self._execution_device: torch.device = torch.device(execution_device)
+        self._storage_device: torch.device = torch.device(storage_device)
+
+        self._max_ram_cache_size_gb = max_ram_cache_size_gb
+        self._max_vram_cache_size_gb = max_vram_cache_size_gb
+
+        self._logger = PrefixedLoggerAdapter(
+            logger or InvokeAILogger.get_logger(self.__class__.__name__), "MODEL CACHE"
+        )
+        self._log_memory_usage = log_memory_usage
+        self._stats: Optional[CacheStats] = None
+
+        self._cached_models: Dict[str, CacheRecord] = {}
+        self._cache_stack: List[str] = []
+
+    @property
+    def stats(self) -> Optional[CacheStats]:
+        """Return collected CacheStats object."""
+        return self._stats
+
+    @stats.setter
+    def stats(self, stats: CacheStats) -> None:
+        """Set the CacheStats object for collecting cache statistics."""
+        self._stats = stats
+
+    def put(self, key: str, model: AnyModel) -> None:
+        """Add a model to the cache."""
+        if key in self._cached_models:
+            self._logger.debug(
+                f"Attempted to add model {key} ({model.__class__.__name__}), but it already exists in the cache. No action necessary."
+            )
+            return
+
+        size = calc_model_size_by_data(self._logger, model)
+        self.make_room(size)
+
+        # Inject custom modules into the model.
+        if isinstance(model, torch.nn.Module):
+            apply_custom_layers_to_model(model)
+
+        # Partial loading only makes sense on CUDA.
+        # - When running on CPU, there is no 'loading' to do.
+        # - When running on MPS, memory is shared with the CPU, so the default OS memory management already handles this
+        #   well.
+        running_with_cuda = self._execution_device.type == "cuda"
+
+        # Wrap model.
+        if isinstance(model, torch.nn.Module) and running_with_cuda and self._enable_partial_loading:
+            wrapped_model = CachedModelWithPartialLoad(model, self._execution_device)
+        else:
+            wrapped_model = CachedModelOnlyFullLoad(model, self._execution_device, size)
+
+        cache_record = CacheRecord(key=key, cached_model=wrapped_model)
+        self._cached_models[key] = cache_record
+        self._cache_stack.append(key)
+        self._logger.debug(
+            f"Added model {key} (Type: {model.__class__.__name__}, Wrap mode: {wrapped_model.__class__.__name__}, Model size: {size/MB:.2f}MB)"
+        )
+
+    def get(self, key: str, stats_name: Optional[str] = None) -> CacheRecord:
+        """Retrieve a model from the cache.
+
+        :param key: Model key
+        :param stats_name: A human-readable id for the model for the purposes of stats reporting.
+
+        Raises IndexError if the model is not in the cache.
+        """
+        if key in self._cached_models:
+            if self.stats:
+                self.stats.hits += 1
+        else:
+            if self.stats:
+                self.stats.misses += 1
+            self._logger.debug(f"Cache miss: {key}")
+            raise IndexError(f"The model with key {key} is not in the cache.")
+
+        cache_entry = self._cached_models[key]
+
+        # more stats
+        if self.stats:
+            stats_name = stats_name or key
+            self.stats.high_watermark = max(self.stats.high_watermark, self._get_ram_in_use())
+            self.stats.in_cache = len(self._cached_models)
+            self.stats.loaded_model_sizes[stats_name] = max(
+                self.stats.loaded_model_sizes.get(stats_name, 0), cache_entry.cached_model.total_bytes()
+            )
+
+        # This moves the entry to the top (right end) of the stack.
+        self._cache_stack = [k for k in self._cache_stack if k != key]
+        self._cache_stack.append(key)
+
+        self._logger.debug(f"Cache hit: {key} (Type: {cache_entry.cached_model.model.__class__.__name__})")
+        return cache_entry
+
+    def lock(self, cache_entry: CacheRecord, working_mem_bytes: Optional[int]) -> None:
+        """Lock a model for use and move it into VRAM."""
+        if cache_entry.key not in self._cached_models:
+            self._logger.info(
+                f"Locking model cache entry {cache_entry.key} "
+                f"(Type: {cache_entry.cached_model.model.__class__.__name__}), but it has already been dropped from "
+                "the RAM cache. This is a sign that the model loading order is non-optimal in the invocation code "
+                "(See https://github.com/invoke-ai/InvokeAI/issues/7513)."
+            )
+        # cache_entry = self._cached_models[key]
+        cache_entry.lock()
+
+        self._logger.debug(
+            f"Locking model {cache_entry.key} (Type: {cache_entry.cached_model.model.__class__.__name__})"
+        )
+
+        if self._execution_device.type == "cpu":
+            # Models don't need to be loaded into VRAM if we're running on CPU.
+            return
+
+        try:
+            self._load_locked_model(cache_entry, working_mem_bytes)
+            self._logger.debug(
+                f"Finished locking model {cache_entry.key} (Type: {cache_entry.cached_model.model.__class__.__name__})"
+            )
+        except torch.cuda.OutOfMemoryError:
+            self._logger.warning("Insufficient GPU memory to load model. Aborting")
+            cache_entry.unlock()
+            raise
+        except Exception:
+            cache_entry.unlock()
+            raise
+
+        self._log_cache_state()
+
+    def unlock(self, cache_entry: CacheRecord) -> None:
+        """Unlock a model."""
+        if cache_entry.key not in self._cached_models:
+            self._logger.info(
+                f"Unlocking model cache entry {cache_entry.key} "
+                f"(Type: {cache_entry.cached_model.model.__class__.__name__}), but it has already been dropped from "
+                "the RAM cache. This is a sign that the model loading order is non-optimal in the invocation code "
+                "(See https://github.com/invoke-ai/InvokeAI/issues/7513)."
+            )
+        # cache_entry = self._cached_models[key]
+        cache_entry.unlock()
+        self._logger.debug(
+            f"Unlocked model {cache_entry.key} (Type: {cache_entry.cached_model.model.__class__.__name__})"
+        )
+
+    def _load_locked_model(self, cache_entry: CacheRecord, working_mem_bytes: Optional[int] = None) -> None:
+        """Helper function for self.lock(). Loads a locked model into VRAM."""
+        start_time = time.time()
+
+        # Calculate model_vram_needed, the amount of additional VRAM that will be used if we fully load the model into
+        # VRAM.
+        model_cur_vram_bytes = cache_entry.cached_model.cur_vram_bytes()
+        model_total_bytes = cache_entry.cached_model.total_bytes()
+        model_vram_needed = model_total_bytes - model_cur_vram_bytes
+
+        vram_available = self._get_vram_available(working_mem_bytes)
+        self._logger.debug(
+            f"Before unloading: {self._get_vram_state_str(model_cur_vram_bytes, model_total_bytes, vram_available)}"
+        )
+
+        # Make room for the model in VRAM.
+        # 1. If the model can fit entirely in VRAM, then make enough room for it to be loaded fully.
+        # 2. If the model can't fit fully into VRAM, then unload all other models and load as much of the model as
+        #    possible.
+        vram_bytes_freed = self._offload_unlocked_models(model_vram_needed, working_mem_bytes)
+        self._logger.debug(f"Unloaded models (if necessary): vram_bytes_freed={(vram_bytes_freed/MB):.2f}MB")
+
+        # Check the updated vram_available after offloading.
+        vram_available = self._get_vram_available(working_mem_bytes)
+        self._logger.debug(
+            f"After unloading: {self._get_vram_state_str(model_cur_vram_bytes, model_total_bytes, vram_available)}"
+        )
+
+        if vram_available < 0:
+            # There is insufficient VRAM available. As a last resort, try to unload the model being locked from VRAM,
+            # as it may still be loaded from a previous use.
+            vram_bytes_freed_from_own_model = self._move_model_to_ram(cache_entry, -vram_available)
+            vram_available = self._get_vram_available(working_mem_bytes)
+            self._logger.debug(
+                f"Unloaded {vram_bytes_freed_from_own_model/MB:.2f}MB from the model being locked ({cache_entry.key})."
+            )
+
+        # Move as much of the model as possible into VRAM.
+        # For testing, only allow 10% of the model to be loaded into VRAM.
+        # vram_available = int(model_vram_needed * 0.1)
+        # We add 1 MB to the available VRAM to account for small errors in memory tracking (e.g. off-by-one). A fully
+        # loaded model is much faster than a 95% loaded model.
+        model_bytes_loaded = self._move_model_to_vram(cache_entry, vram_available + MB)
+
+        model_cur_vram_bytes = cache_entry.cached_model.cur_vram_bytes()
+        vram_available = self._get_vram_available(working_mem_bytes)
+        loaded_percent = model_cur_vram_bytes / model_total_bytes if model_total_bytes > 0 else 0
+        self._logger.info(
+            f"Loaded model '{cache_entry.key}' ({cache_entry.cached_model.model.__class__.__name__}) onto "
+            f"{self._execution_device.type} device in {(time.time() - start_time):.2f}s. "
+            f"Total model size: {model_total_bytes/MB:.2f}MB, "
+            f"VRAM: {model_cur_vram_bytes/MB:.2f}MB ({loaded_percent:.1%})"
+        )
+        self._logger.debug(f"Loaded model onto execution device: model_bytes_loaded={(model_bytes_loaded/MB):.2f}MB, ")
+        self._logger.debug(
+            f"After loading: {self._get_vram_state_str(model_cur_vram_bytes, model_total_bytes, vram_available)}"
+        )
+
+    def _move_model_to_vram(self, cache_entry: CacheRecord, vram_available: int) -> int:
+        try:
+            if isinstance(cache_entry.cached_model, CachedModelWithPartialLoad):
+                return cache_entry.cached_model.partial_load_to_vram(vram_available)
+            elif isinstance(cache_entry.cached_model, CachedModelOnlyFullLoad):  # type: ignore
+                # Partial load is not supported, so we have not choice but to try and fit it all into VRAM.
+                return cache_entry.cached_model.full_load_to_vram()
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f"Unsupported cached model type: {type(cache_entry.cached_model)}")
+        except Exception as e:
+            if isinstance(e, torch.cuda.OutOfMemoryError):
+                self._logger.warning("Insufficient GPU memory to load model. Aborting")
+            # If an exception occurs, the model could be left in a bad state, so we delete it from the cache entirely.
+            self._delete_cache_entry(cache_entry)
+            raise
+
+    def _move_model_to_ram(self, cache_entry: CacheRecord, vram_bytes_to_free: int) -> int:
+        try:
+            if isinstance(cache_entry.cached_model, CachedModelWithPartialLoad):
+                return cache_entry.cached_model.partial_unload_from_vram(
+                    vram_bytes_to_free, keep_required_weights_in_vram=cache_entry.is_locked
+                )
+            elif isinstance(cache_entry.cached_model, CachedModelOnlyFullLoad):  # type: ignore
+                return cache_entry.cached_model.full_unload_from_vram()
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f"Unsupported cached model type: {type(cache_entry.cached_model)}")
+        except Exception:
+            # If an exception occurs, the model could be left in a bad state, so we delete it from the cache entirely.
+            self._delete_cache_entry(cache_entry)
+            raise
+
+    def _get_total_vram_available_to_cache(self, working_mem_bytes: Optional[int]) -> int:
+        """Calculate the total amount of VRAM available for storing models. I.e. the amount of VRAM available to the
+        process minus the amount of VRAM to keep for working memory.
+        """
+        # If self._max_vram_cache_size_gb is set, then it overrides the default logic.
+        if self._max_vram_cache_size_gb is not None:
+            return int(self._max_vram_cache_size_gb * GB)
+
+        working_mem_bytes_default = int(self._execution_device_working_mem_gb * GB)
+        working_mem_bytes = max(working_mem_bytes or 0, working_mem_bytes_default)
+
+        if self._execution_device.type == "cuda":
+            # TODO(ryand): It is debatable whether we should use memory_reserved() or memory_allocated() here.
+            # memory_reserved() includes memory reserved by the torch CUDA memory allocator that may or may not be
+            # re-used for future allocations. For now, we use memory_allocated() to be conservative.
+            # vram_reserved = torch.cuda.memory_reserved(self._execution_device)
+            vram_allocated = torch.cuda.memory_allocated(self._execution_device)
+            vram_free, _vram_total = torch.cuda.mem_get_info(self._execution_device)
+            vram_available_to_process = vram_free + vram_allocated
+        elif self._execution_device.type == "mps":
+            vram_allocated = torch.mps.driver_allocated_memory()
+            # TODO(ryand): Is it accurate that MPS shares memory with the CPU?
+            vram_free = psutil.virtual_memory().available
+            vram_available_to_process = vram_free + vram_allocated
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unsupported execution device: {self._execution_device.type}")
+
+        return vram_available_to_process - working_mem_bytes
+
+    def _get_vram_available(self, working_mem_bytes: Optional[int]) -> int:
+        """Calculate the amount of additional VRAM available for the model cache to use (takes into account the working
+        memory).
+        """
+        return self._get_total_vram_available_to_cache(working_mem_bytes) - self._get_vram_in_use()
+
+    def _get_vram_in_use(self) -> int:
+        """Get the amount of VRAM currently in use by the cache."""
+        # NOTE(ryand): To be conservative, we are treating the amount of VRAM allocated by torch as entirely being used
+        # by the model cache. In reality, some of this allocated memory is being used as working memory. This is a
+        # reasonable conservative assumption, because this function is typically called before (not during)
+        # working-memory-intensive operations. This conservative definition also helps to handle models whose size
+        # increased after initial load (e.g. a model whose precision was upcast by application code).
+        if self._execution_device.type == "cuda":
+            return torch.cuda.memory_allocated()
+        elif self._execution_device.type == "mps":
+            return torch.mps.current_allocated_memory()
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unsupported execution device type: {self._execution_device.type}")
+        # Alternative definition of VRAM in use:
+        # return sum(ce.cached_model.cur_vram_bytes() for ce in self._cached_models.values())
+
+    def _get_ram_available(self) -> int:
+        """Get the amount of RAM available for the cache to use, while keeping memory pressure under control."""
+        # If self._max_ram_cache_size_gb is set, then it overrides the default logic.
+        if self._max_ram_cache_size_gb is not None:
+            ram_total_available_to_cache = int(self._max_ram_cache_size_gb * GB)
+            return ram_total_available_to_cache - self._get_ram_in_use()
+
+        # We have 3 strategies for calculating the amount of RAM available to the cache. We calculate all 3 options and
+        # then use a heuristic to decide which one to use.
+        # - Strategy 1: Match RAM cache size to VRAM cache size
+        # - Strategy 2: Aim to keep at least 10% of RAM free
+        # - Strategy 3: Use a minimum RAM cache size of 4GB
+
+        # ---------------------
+        # Calculate Strategy 1
+        # ---------------------
+        # Under Strategy 1, the RAM cache size is equal to the total VRAM available to the cache. The RAM cache size
+        # should **roughly** match the VRAM cache size for the following reasons:
+        # - Setting it much larger than the VRAM cache size means that we would accumulate mmap'ed model files for
+        #   models that are 0% loaded onto the GPU. Accumulating a large amount of virtual memory causes issues -
+        #   particularly on Windows. Instead, we should drop these extra models from the cache and rely on the OS's
+        #   disk caching behavior to make reloading them fast (if there is enough RAM for disk caching to be possible).
+        # - Setting it much smaller than the VRAM cache size would increase the likelihood that we drop models from the
+        #   cache even if they are partially loaded onto the GPU.
+        #
+        # TODO(ryand): In the future, we should re-think this strategy. Setting the RAM cache size like this doesn't
+        # really make sense, and is done primarily for consistency with legacy behavior. We should be relying on the
+        # OS's caching behavior more and make decisions about whether to drop models from the cache based primarily on
+        # how much of the model can be kept in VRAM.
+        cache_ram_used = self._get_ram_in_use()
+        if self._execution_device.type == "cpu":
+            # Strategy 1 is not applicable for CPU.
+            ram_available_based_on_default_ram_cache_size = 0
+        else:
+            default_ram_cache_size_bytes = self._get_total_vram_available_to_cache(None)
+            ram_available_based_on_default_ram_cache_size = default_ram_cache_size_bytes - cache_ram_used
+
+        # ---------------------
+        # Calculate Strategy 2
+        # ---------------------
+        # If RAM memory pressure is high, then we want to be more conservative with the RAM cache size.
+        virtual_memory = psutil.virtual_memory()
+        ram_total = virtual_memory.total
+        ram_available = virtual_memory.available
+        ram_used = ram_total - ram_available
+        # We aim to keep at least 10% of RAM free.
+        ram_available_based_on_memory_usage = int(ram_total * 0.9) - ram_used
+
+        # ---------------------
+        # Calculate Strategy 3
+        # ---------------------
+        # If the RAM cache is very small, then there's an increased likelihood that we will run into this issue:
+        # https://github.com/invoke-ai/InvokeAI/issues/7513
+        # To keep things running smoothly, there's a minimum RAM cache size that we always allow (even if this means
+        # using swap).
+        min_ram_cache_size_bytes = 4 * GB
+        ram_available_based_on_min_cache_size = min_ram_cache_size_bytes - cache_ram_used
+
+        # ----------------------------
+        # Decide which strategy to use
+        # ----------------------------
+        # First, take the minimum of strategies 1 and 2.
+        ram_available = min(ram_available_based_on_default_ram_cache_size, ram_available_based_on_memory_usage)
+        # Then, apply strategy 3 as the lower bound.
+        ram_available = max(ram_available, ram_available_based_on_min_cache_size)
+        self._logger.debug(
+            f"Calculated RAM available: {ram_available/MB:.2f} MB. Strategies considered (1,2,3): "
+            f"{ram_available_based_on_default_ram_cache_size/MB:.2f}, "
+            f"{ram_available_based_on_memory_usage/MB:.2f}, "
+            f"{ram_available_based_on_min_cache_size/MB:.2f}"
+        )
+        return ram_available
+
+    def _get_ram_in_use(self) -> int:
+        """Get the amount of RAM currently in use."""
+        return sum(ce.cached_model.total_bytes() for ce in self._cached_models.values())
+
+    def _capture_memory_snapshot(self) -> Optional[MemorySnapshot]:
+        if self._log_memory_usage:
+            return MemorySnapshot.capture()
+        return None
+
+    def _get_vram_state_str(self, model_cur_vram_bytes: int, model_total_bytes: int, vram_available: int) -> str:
+        """Helper function for preparing a VRAM state log string."""
+        model_cur_vram_bytes_percent = model_cur_vram_bytes / model_total_bytes if model_total_bytes > 0 else 0
+        return (
+            f"model_total={model_total_bytes/MB:.0f} MB, "
+            + f"model_vram={model_cur_vram_bytes/MB:.0f} MB ({model_cur_vram_bytes_percent:.1%} %), "
+            # + f"vram_total={int(self._max_vram_cache_size * GB)/MB:.0f} MB, "
+            + f"vram_available={(vram_available/MB):.0f} MB, "
+        )
+
+    def _offload_unlocked_models(self, vram_bytes_required: int, working_mem_bytes: Optional[int] = None) -> int:
+        """Offload models from the execution_device until vram_bytes_required bytes are available, or all models are
+        offloaded. Of course, locked models are not offloaded.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: The number of bytes freed based on believed model sizes. The actual change in VRAM may be different.
+        """
+        self._logger.debug(
+            f"Offloading unlocked models with goal of making room for {vram_bytes_required/MB:.2f}MB of VRAM."
+        )
+        vram_bytes_freed = 0
+        # TODO(ryand): Give more thought to the offloading policy used here.
+        cache_entries_increasing_size = sorted(self._cached_models.values(), key=lambda x: x.cached_model.total_bytes())
+        for cache_entry in cache_entries_increasing_size:
+            # We do not fully trust the count of bytes freed, so we check again on each iteration.
+            vram_available = self._get_vram_available(working_mem_bytes)
+            vram_bytes_to_free = vram_bytes_required - vram_available
+            if vram_bytes_to_free <= 0:
+                break
+            if cache_entry.is_locked:
+                # TODO(ryand): In the future, we may want to partially unload locked models, but this requires careful
+                # handling of model patches (e.g. LoRA).
+                continue
+            cache_entry_bytes_freed = self._move_model_to_ram(cache_entry, vram_bytes_to_free)
+            if cache_entry_bytes_freed > 0:
+                self._logger.debug(
+                    f"Unloaded {cache_entry.key} from VRAM to free {(cache_entry_bytes_freed/MB):.0f} MB."
+                )
+            vram_bytes_freed += cache_entry_bytes_freed
+
+        TorchDevice.empty_cache()
+        return vram_bytes_freed
+
+    def _log_cache_state(self, title: str = "Model cache state:", include_entry_details: bool = True):
+        if self._logger.getEffectiveLevel() > logging.DEBUG:
+            # Short circuit if the logger is not set to debug. Some of the data lookups could take a non-negligible
+            # amount of time.
+            return
+
+        log = f"{title}\n"
+
+        log_format = "  {:<30} Limit: {:>7.1f} MB, Used: {:>7.1f} MB ({:>5.1%}), Available: {:>7.1f} MB ({:>5.1%})\n"
+
+        ram_in_use_bytes = self._get_ram_in_use()
+        ram_available_bytes = self._get_ram_available()
+        ram_size_bytes = ram_in_use_bytes + ram_available_bytes
+        ram_in_use_bytes_percent = ram_in_use_bytes / ram_size_bytes if ram_size_bytes > 0 else 0
+        ram_available_bytes_percent = ram_available_bytes / ram_size_bytes if ram_size_bytes > 0 else 0
+        log += log_format.format(
+            f"Storage Device ({self._storage_device.type})",
+            ram_size_bytes / MB,
+            ram_in_use_bytes / MB,
+            ram_in_use_bytes_percent,
+            ram_available_bytes / MB,
+            ram_available_bytes_percent,
+        )
+
+        if self._execution_device.type != "cpu":
+            vram_in_use_bytes = self._get_vram_in_use()
+            vram_available_bytes = self._get_vram_available(None)
+            vram_size_bytes = vram_in_use_bytes + vram_available_bytes
+            vram_in_use_bytes_percent = vram_in_use_bytes / vram_size_bytes if vram_size_bytes > 0 else 0
+            vram_available_bytes_percent = vram_available_bytes / vram_size_bytes if vram_size_bytes > 0 else 0
+            log += log_format.format(
+                f"Compute Device ({self._execution_device.type})",
+                vram_size_bytes / MB,
+                vram_in_use_bytes / MB,
+                vram_in_use_bytes_percent,
+                vram_available_bytes / MB,
+                vram_available_bytes_percent,
+            )
+
+        if torch.cuda.is_available():
+            log += "  {:<30} {:.1f} MB\n".format("CUDA Memory Allocated:", torch.cuda.memory_allocated() / MB)
+        log += "  {:<30} {}\n".format("Total models:", len(self._cached_models))
+
+        if include_entry_details and len(self._cached_models) > 0:
+            log += "  Models:\n"
+            log_format = (
+                "    {:<80} total={:>7.1f} MB, vram={:>7.1f} MB ({:>5.1%}), ram={:>7.1f} MB ({:>5.1%}), locked={}\n"
+            )
+            for cache_record in self._cached_models.values():
+                total_bytes = cache_record.cached_model.total_bytes()
+                cur_vram_bytes = cache_record.cached_model.cur_vram_bytes()
+                cur_vram_bytes_percent = cur_vram_bytes / total_bytes if total_bytes > 0 else 0
+                cur_ram_bytes = total_bytes - cur_vram_bytes
+                cur_ram_bytes_percent = cur_ram_bytes / total_bytes if total_bytes > 0 else 0
+
+                log += log_format.format(
+                    f"{cache_record.key} ({cache_record.cached_model.model.__class__.__name__}):",
+                    total_bytes / MB,
+                    cur_vram_bytes / MB,
+                    cur_vram_bytes_percent,
+                    cur_ram_bytes / MB,
+                    cur_ram_bytes_percent,
+                    cache_record.is_locked,
+                )
+
+        self._logger.debug(log)
+
+    def make_room(self, bytes_needed: int) -> None:
+        """Make enough room in the cache to accommodate a new model of indicated size.
+
+        Note: This function deletes all of the cache's internal references to a model in order to free it. If there are
+        external references to the model, there's nothing that the cache can do about it, and those models will not be
+        garbage-collected.
+        """
+        self._logger.debug(f"Making room for {bytes_needed/MB:.2f}MB of RAM.")
+        self._log_cache_state(title="Before dropping models:")
+
+        ram_bytes_available = self._get_ram_available()
+        ram_bytes_to_free = max(0, bytes_needed - ram_bytes_available)
+
+        ram_bytes_freed = 0
+        pos = 0
+        models_cleared = 0
+        while ram_bytes_freed < ram_bytes_to_free and pos < len(self._cache_stack):
+            model_key = self._cache_stack[pos]
+            cache_entry = self._cached_models[model_key]
+
+            if not cache_entry.is_locked:
+                ram_bytes_freed += cache_entry.cached_model.total_bytes()
+                self._logger.debug(
+                    f"Dropping {model_key} from RAM cache to free {(cache_entry.cached_model.total_bytes()/MB):.2f}MB."
+                )
+                self._delete_cache_entry(cache_entry)
+                del cache_entry
+                models_cleared += 1
+            else:
+                pos += 1
+
+        if models_cleared > 0:
+            # There would likely be some 'garbage' to be collected regardless of whether a model was cleared or not, but
+            # there is a significant time cost to calling `gc.collect()`, so we want to use it sparingly. (The time cost
+            # is high even if no garbage gets collected.)
+            #
+            # Calling gc.collect(...) when a model is cleared seems like a good middle-ground:
+            # - If models had to be cleared, it's a signal that we are close to our memory limit.
+            # - If models were cleared, there's a good chance that there's a significant amount of garbage to be
+            #   collected.
+            #
+            # Keep in mind that gc is only responsible for handling reference cycles. Most objects should be cleaned up
+            # immediately when their reference count hits 0.
+            if self.stats:
+                self.stats.cleared = models_cleared
+            gc.collect()
+
+        TorchDevice.empty_cache()
+        self._logger.debug(f"Dropped {models_cleared} models to free {ram_bytes_freed/MB:.2f}MB of RAM.")
+        self._log_cache_state(title="After dropping models:")
+
+    def _delete_cache_entry(self, cache_entry: CacheRecord) -> None:
+        """Delete cache_entry from the cache if it exists. No exception is thrown if it doesn't exist."""
+        self._cache_stack = [key for key in self._cache_stack if key != cache_entry.key]
+        self._cached_models.pop(cache_entry.key, None)

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/model_cache_base.py

@@ -1,221 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2024 Lincoln D. Stein and the InvokeAI Development team
-# TODO: Add Stalker's proper name to copyright
-"""
-Manage a RAM cache of diffusion/transformer models for fast switching.
-They are moved between GPU VRAM and CPU RAM as necessary. If the cache
-grows larger than a preset maximum, then the least recently used
-model will be cleared and (re)loaded from disk when next needed.
-"""
-
-from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-from logging import Logger
-from typing import Dict, Generic, Optional, TypeVar
-
-import torch
-
-from invokeai.backend.model_manager.config import AnyModel, SubModelType
-
-
-class ModelLockerBase(ABC):
-    """Base class for the model locker used by the loader."""
-
-    @abstractmethod
-    def lock(self) -> AnyModel:
-        """Lock the contained model and move it into VRAM."""
-        pass
-
-    @abstractmethod
-    def unlock(self) -> None:
-        """Unlock the contained model, and remove it from VRAM."""
-        pass
-
-    @abstractmethod
-    def get_state_dict(self) -> Optional[Dict[str, torch.Tensor]]:
-        """Return the state dict (if any) for the cached model."""
-        pass
-
-    @property
-    @abstractmethod
-    def model(self) -> AnyModel:
-        """Return the model."""
-        pass
-
-
-T = TypeVar("T")
-
-
-@dataclass
-class CacheRecord(Generic[T]):
-    """
-    Elements of the cache:
-
-    key: Unique key for each model, same as used in the models database.
-    model: Model in memory.
-    state_dict: A read-only copy of the model's state dict in RAM. It will be
-                used as a template for creating a copy in the VRAM.
-    size: Size of the model
-    loaded: True if the model's state dict is currently in VRAM
-
-    Before a model is executed, the state_dict template is copied into VRAM,
-    and then injected into the model. When the model is finished, the VRAM
-    copy of the state dict is deleted, and the RAM version is reinjected
-    into the model.
-
-    The state_dict should be treated as a read-only attribute. Do not attempt
-    to patch or otherwise modify it. Instead, patch the copy of the state_dict
-    after it is loaded into the execution device (e.g. CUDA) using the `LoadedModel`
-    context manager call `model_on_device()`.
-    """
-
-    key: str
-    model: T
-    device: torch.device
-    state_dict: Optional[Dict[str, torch.Tensor]]
-    size: int
-    loaded: bool = False
-    _locks: int = 0
-
-    def lock(self) -> None:
-        """Lock this record."""
-        self._locks += 1
-
-    def unlock(self) -> None:
-        """Unlock this record."""
-        self._locks -= 1
-        assert self._locks >= 0
-
-    @property
-    def locked(self) -> bool:
-        """Return true if record is locked."""
-        return self._locks > 0
-
-
-@dataclass
-class CacheStats(object):
-    """Collect statistics on cache performance."""
-
-    hits: int = 0  # cache hits
-    misses: int = 0  # cache misses
-    high_watermark: int = 0  # amount of cache used
-    in_cache: int = 0  # number of models in cache
-    cleared: int = 0  # number of models cleared to make space
-    cache_size: int = 0  # total size of cache
-    loaded_model_sizes: Dict[str, int] = field(default_factory=dict)
-
-
-class ModelCacheBase(ABC, Generic[T]):
-    """Virtual base class for RAM model cache."""
-
-    @property
-    @abstractmethod
-    def storage_device(self) -> torch.device:
-        """Return the storage device (e.g. "CPU" for RAM)."""
-        pass
-
-    @property
-    @abstractmethod
-    def execution_device(self) -> torch.device:
-        """Return the exection device (e.g. "cuda" for VRAM)."""
-        pass
-
-    @property
-    @abstractmethod
-    def lazy_offloading(self) -> bool:
-        """Return true if the cache is configured to lazily offload models in VRAM."""
-        pass
-
-    @property
-    @abstractmethod
-    def max_cache_size(self) -> float:
-        """Return the maximum size the RAM cache can grow to."""
-        pass
-
-    @max_cache_size.setter
-    @abstractmethod
-    def max_cache_size(self, value: float) -> None:
-        """Set the cap on vram cache size."""
-
-    @property
-    @abstractmethod
-    def max_vram_cache_size(self) -> float:
-        """Return the maximum size the VRAM cache can grow to."""
-        pass
-
-    @max_vram_cache_size.setter
-    @abstractmethod
-    def max_vram_cache_size(self, value: float) -> float:
-        """Set the maximum size the VRAM cache can grow to."""
-        pass
-
-    @abstractmethod
-    def offload_unlocked_models(self, size_required: int) -> None:
-        """Offload from VRAM any models not actively in use."""
-        pass
-
-    @abstractmethod
-    def move_model_to_device(self, cache_entry: CacheRecord[AnyModel], target_device: torch.device) -> None:
-        """Move model into the indicated device."""
-        pass
-
-    @property
-    @abstractmethod
-    def stats(self) -> Optional[CacheStats]:
-        """Return collected CacheStats object."""
-        pass
-
-    @stats.setter
-    @abstractmethod
-    def stats(self, stats: CacheStats) -> None:
-        """Set the CacheStats object for collectin cache statistics."""
-        pass
-
-    @property
-    @abstractmethod
-    def logger(self) -> Logger:
-        """Return the logger used by the cache."""
-        pass
-
-    @abstractmethod
-    def make_room(self, size: int) -> None:
-        """Make enough room in the cache to accommodate a new model of indicated size."""
-        pass
-
-    @abstractmethod
-    def put(
-        self,
-        key: str,
-        model: T,
-        submodel_type: Optional[SubModelType] = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        """Store model under key and optional submodel_type."""
-        pass
-
-    @abstractmethod
-    def get(
-        self,
-        key: str,
-        submodel_type: Optional[SubModelType] = None,
-        stats_name: Optional[str] = None,
-    ) -> ModelLockerBase:
-        """
-        Retrieve model using key and optional submodel_type.
-
-        :param key: Opaque model key
-        :param submodel_type: Type of the submodel to fetch
-        :param stats_name: A human-readable id for the model for the purposes of
-        stats reporting.
-
-        This may raise an IndexError if the model is not in the cache.
-        """
-        pass
-
-    @abstractmethod
-    def cache_size(self) -> int:
-        """Get the total size of the models currently cached."""
-        pass
-
-    @abstractmethod
-    def print_cuda_stats(self) -> None:
-        """Log debugging information on CUDA usage."""
-        pass

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/model_cache_default.py

@@ -1,426 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2024 Lincoln D. Stein and the InvokeAI Development team
-# TODO: Add Stalker's proper name to copyright
-""" """
-
-import gc
-import math
-import time
-from contextlib import suppress
-from logging import Logger
-from typing import Dict, List, Optional
-
-import torch
-
-from invokeai.backend.model_manager import AnyModel, SubModelType
-from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.memory_snapshot import MemorySnapshot, get_pretty_snapshot_diff
-from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.model_cache_base import (
-    CacheRecord,
-    CacheStats,
-    ModelCacheBase,
-    ModelLockerBase,
-)
-from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.model_locker import ModelLocker
-from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_util import calc_model_size_by_data
-from invokeai.backend.util.devices import TorchDevice
-from invokeai.backend.util.logging import InvokeAILogger
-
-# Size of a GB in bytes.
-GB = 2**30
-
-# Size of a MB in bytes.
-MB = 2**20
-
-
-class ModelCache(ModelCacheBase[AnyModel]):
-    """A cache for managing models in memory.
-
-    The cache is based on two levels of model storage:
-    - execution_device: The device where most models are executed (typically "cuda", "mps", or "cpu").
-    - storage_device: The device where models are offloaded when not in active use (typically "cpu").
-
-    The model cache is based on the following assumptions:
-    - storage_device_mem_size > execution_device_mem_size
-    - disk_to_storage_device_transfer_time >> storage_device_to_execution_device_transfer_time
-
-    A copy of all models in the cache is always kept on the storage_device. A subset of the models also have a copy on
-    the execution_device.
-
-    Models are moved between the storage_device and the execution_device as necessary. Cache size limits are enforced
-    on both the storage_device and the execution_device. The execution_device cache uses a smallest-first offload
-    policy. The storage_device cache uses a least-recently-used (LRU) offload policy.
-
-    Note: Neither of these offload policies has really been compared against alternatives. It's likely that different
-    policies would be better, although the optimal policies are likely heavily dependent on usage patterns and HW
-    configuration.
-
-    The cache returns context manager generators designed to load the model into the execution device (often GPU) within
-    the context, and unload outside the context.
-
-    Example usage:
-    ```
-    cache = ModelCache(max_cache_size=7.5, max_vram_cache_size=6.0)
-    with cache.get_model('runwayml/stable-diffusion-1-5') as SD1:
-        do_something_on_gpu(SD1)
-    ```
-    """
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        max_cache_size: float,
-        max_vram_cache_size: float,
-        execution_device: torch.device = torch.device("cuda"),
-        storage_device: torch.device = torch.device("cpu"),
-        precision: torch.dtype = torch.float16,
-        lazy_offloading: bool = True,
-        log_memory_usage: bool = False,
-        logger: Optional[Logger] = None,
-    ):
-        """
-        Initialize the model RAM cache.
-
-        :param max_cache_size: Maximum size of the storage_device cache in GBs.
-        :param max_vram_cache_size: Maximum size of the execution_device cache in GBs.
-        :param execution_device: Torch device to load active model into [torch.device('cuda')]
-        :param storage_device: Torch device to save inactive model in [torch.device('cpu')]
-        :param precision: Precision for loaded models [torch.float16]
-        :param lazy_offloading: Keep model in VRAM until another model needs to be loaded
-        :param log_memory_usage: If True, a memory snapshot will be captured before and after every model cache
-            operation, and the result will be logged (at debug level). There is a time cost to capturing the memory
-            snapshots, so it is recommended to disable this feature unless you are actively inspecting the model cache's
-            behaviour.
-        :param logger: InvokeAILogger to use (otherwise creates one)
-        """
-        # allow lazy offloading only when vram cache enabled
-        self._lazy_offloading = lazy_offloading and max_vram_cache_size > 0
-        self._max_cache_size: float = max_cache_size
-        self._max_vram_cache_size: float = max_vram_cache_size
-        self._execution_device: torch.device = execution_device
-        self._storage_device: torch.device = storage_device
-        self._logger = logger or InvokeAILogger.get_logger(self.__class__.__name__)
-        self._log_memory_usage = log_memory_usage
-        self._stats: Optional[CacheStats] = None
-
-        self._cached_models: Dict[str, CacheRecord[AnyModel]] = {}
-        self._cache_stack: List[str] = []
-
-    @property
-    def logger(self) -> Logger:
-        """Return the logger used by the cache."""
-        return self._logger
-
-    @property
-    def lazy_offloading(self) -> bool:
-        """Return true if the cache is configured to lazily offload models in VRAM."""
-        return self._lazy_offloading
-
-    @property
-    def storage_device(self) -> torch.device:
-        """Return the storage device (e.g. "CPU" for RAM)."""
-        return self._storage_device
-
-    @property
-    def execution_device(self) -> torch.device:
-        """Return the exection device (e.g. "cuda" for VRAM)."""
-        return self._execution_device
-
-    @property
-    def max_cache_size(self) -> float:
-        """Return the cap on cache size."""
-        return self._max_cache_size
-
-    @max_cache_size.setter
-    def max_cache_size(self, value: float) -> None:
-        """Set the cap on cache size."""
-        self._max_cache_size = value
-
-    @property
-    def max_vram_cache_size(self) -> float:
-        """Return the cap on vram cache size."""
-        return self._max_vram_cache_size
-
-    @max_vram_cache_size.setter
-    def max_vram_cache_size(self, value: float) -> None:
-        """Set the cap on vram cache size."""
-        self._max_vram_cache_size = value
-
-    @property
-    def stats(self) -> Optional[CacheStats]:
-        """Return collected CacheStats object."""
-        return self._stats
-
-    @stats.setter
-    def stats(self, stats: CacheStats) -> None:
-        """Set the CacheStats object for collectin cache statistics."""
-        self._stats = stats
-
-    def cache_size(self) -> int:
-        """Get the total size of the models currently cached."""
-        total = 0
-        for cache_record in self._cached_models.values():
-            total += cache_record.size
-        return total
-
-    def put(
-        self,
-        key: str,
-        model: AnyModel,
-        submodel_type: Optional[SubModelType] = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        """Store model under key and optional submodel_type."""
-        key = self._make_cache_key(key, submodel_type)
-        if key in self._cached_models:
-            return
-        size = calc_model_size_by_data(self.logger, model)
-        self.make_room(size)
-
-        running_on_cpu = self.execution_device == torch.device("cpu")
-        state_dict = model.state_dict() if isinstance(model, torch.nn.Module) and not running_on_cpu else None
-        cache_record = CacheRecord(key=key, model=model, device=self.storage_device, state_dict=state_dict, size=size)
-        self._cached_models[key] = cache_record
-        self._cache_stack.append(key)
-
-    def get(
-        self,
-        key: str,
-        submodel_type: Optional[SubModelType] = None,
-        stats_name: Optional[str] = None,
-    ) -> ModelLockerBase:
-        """
-        Retrieve model using key and optional submodel_type.
-
-        :param key: Opaque model key
-        :param submodel_type: Type of the submodel to fetch
-        :param stats_name: A human-readable id for the model for the purposes of
-        stats reporting.
-
-        This may raise an IndexError if the model is not in the cache.
-        """
-        key = self._make_cache_key(key, submodel_type)
-        if key in self._cached_models:
-            if self.stats:
-                self.stats.hits += 1
-        else:
-            if self.stats:
-                self.stats.misses += 1
-            raise IndexError(f"The model with key {key} is not in the cache.")
-
-        cache_entry = self._cached_models[key]
-
-        # more stats
-        if self.stats:
-            stats_name = stats_name or key
-            self.stats.cache_size = int(self._max_cache_size * GB)
-            self.stats.high_watermark = max(self.stats.high_watermark, self.cache_size())
-            self.stats.in_cache = len(self._cached_models)
-            self.stats.loaded_model_sizes[stats_name] = max(
-                self.stats.loaded_model_sizes.get(stats_name, 0), cache_entry.size
-            )
-
-        # this moves the entry to the top (right end) of the stack
-        with suppress(Exception):
-            self._cache_stack.remove(key)
-        self._cache_stack.append(key)
-        return ModelLocker(
-            cache=self,
-            cache_entry=cache_entry,
-        )
-
-    def _capture_memory_snapshot(self) -> Optional[MemorySnapshot]:
-        if self._log_memory_usage:
-            return MemorySnapshot.capture()
-        return None
-
-    def _make_cache_key(self, model_key: str, submodel_type: Optional[SubModelType] = None) -> str:
-        if submodel_type:
-            return f"{model_key}:{submodel_type.value}"
-        else:
-            return model_key
-
-    def offload_unlocked_models(self, size_required: int) -> None:
-        """Offload models from the execution_device to make room for size_required.
-
-        :param size_required: The amount of space to clear in the execution_device cache, in bytes.
-        """
-        reserved = self._max_vram_cache_size * GB
-        vram_in_use = torch.cuda.memory_allocated() + size_required
-        self.logger.debug(f"{(vram_in_use/GB):.2f}GB VRAM needed for models; max allowed={(reserved/GB):.2f}GB")
-        for _, cache_entry in sorted(self._cached_models.items(), key=lambda x: x[1].size):
-            if vram_in_use <= reserved:
-                break
-            if not cache_entry.loaded:
-                continue
-            if not cache_entry.locked:
-                self.move_model_to_device(cache_entry, self.storage_device)
-                cache_entry.loaded = False
-                vram_in_use = torch.cuda.memory_allocated() + size_required
-                self.logger.debug(
-                    f"Removing {cache_entry.key} from VRAM to free {(cache_entry.size/GB):.2f}GB; vram free = {(torch.cuda.memory_allocated()/GB):.2f}GB"
-                )
-
-        TorchDevice.empty_cache()
-
-    def move_model_to_device(self, cache_entry: CacheRecord[AnyModel], target_device: torch.device) -> None:
-        """Move model into the indicated device.
-
-        :param cache_entry: The CacheRecord for the model
-        :param target_device: The torch.device to move the model into
-
-        May raise a torch.cuda.OutOfMemoryError
-        """
-        self.logger.debug(f"Called to move {cache_entry.key} to {target_device}")
-        source_device = cache_entry.device
-
-        # Note: We compare device types only so that 'cuda' == 'cuda:0'.
-        # This would need to be revised to support multi-GPU.
-        if torch.device(source_device).type == torch.device(target_device).type:
-            return
-
-        # Some models don't have a `to` method, in which case they run in RAM/CPU.
-        if not hasattr(cache_entry.model, "to"):
-            return
-
-        # This roundabout method for moving the model around is done to avoid
-        # the cost of moving the model from RAM to VRAM and then back from VRAM to RAM.
-        # When moving to VRAM, we copy (not move) each element of the state dict from
-        # RAM to a new state dict in VRAM, and then inject it into the model.
-        # This operation is slightly faster than running `to()` on the whole model.
-        #
-        # When the model needs to be removed from VRAM we simply delete the copy
-        # of the state dict in VRAM, and reinject the state dict that is cached
-        # in RAM into the model. So this operation is very fast.
-        start_model_to_time = time.time()
-        snapshot_before = self._capture_memory_snapshot()
-
-        try:
-            if cache_entry.state_dict is not None:
-                assert hasattr(cache_entry.model, "load_state_dict")
-                if target_device == self.storage_device:
-                    cache_entry.model.load_state_dict(cache_entry.state_dict, assign=True)
-                else:
-                    new_dict: Dict[str, torch.Tensor] = {}
-                    for k, v in cache_entry.state_dict.items():
-                        new_dict[k] = v.to(target_device, copy=True)
-                    cache_entry.model.load_state_dict(new_dict, assign=True)
-            cache_entry.model.to(target_device)
-            cache_entry.device = target_device
-        except Exception as e:  # blow away cache entry
-            self._delete_cache_entry(cache_entry)
-            raise e
-
-        snapshot_after = self._capture_memory_snapshot()
-        end_model_to_time = time.time()
-        self.logger.debug(
-            f"Moved model '{cache_entry.key}' from {source_device} to"
-            f" {target_device} in {(end_model_to_time-start_model_to_time):.2f}s."
-            f"Estimated model size: {(cache_entry.size/GB):.3f} GB."
-            f"{get_pretty_snapshot_diff(snapshot_before, snapshot_after)}"
-        )
-
-        if (
-            snapshot_before is not None
-            and snapshot_after is not None
-            and snapshot_before.vram is not None
-            and snapshot_after.vram is not None
-        ):
-            vram_change = abs(snapshot_before.vram - snapshot_after.vram)
-
-            # If the estimated model size does not match the change in VRAM, log a warning.
-            if not math.isclose(
-                vram_change,
-                cache_entry.size,
-                rel_tol=0.1,
-                abs_tol=10 * MB,
-            ):
-                self.logger.debug(
-                    f"Moving model '{cache_entry.key}' from {source_device} to"
-                    f" {target_device} caused an unexpected change in VRAM usage. The model's"
-                    " estimated size may be incorrect. Estimated model size:"
-                    f" {(cache_entry.size/GB):.3f} GB.\n"
-                    f"{get_pretty_snapshot_diff(snapshot_before, snapshot_after)}"
-                )
-
-    def print_cuda_stats(self) -> None:
-        """Log CUDA diagnostics."""
-        vram = "%4.2fG" % (torch.cuda.memory_allocated() / GB)
-        ram = "%4.2fG" % (self.cache_size() / GB)
-
-        in_ram_models = 0
-        in_vram_models = 0
-        locked_in_vram_models = 0
-        for cache_record in self._cached_models.values():
-            if hasattr(cache_record.model, "device"):
-                if cache_record.model.device == self.storage_device:
-                    in_ram_models += 1
-                else:
-                    in_vram_models += 1
-                if cache_record.locked:
-                    locked_in_vram_models += 1
-
-                self.logger.debug(
-                    f"Current VRAM/RAM usage: {vram}/{ram}; models_in_ram/models_in_vram(locked) ="
-                    f" {in_ram_models}/{in_vram_models}({locked_in_vram_models})"
-                )
-
-    def make_room(self, size: int) -> None:
-        """Make enough room in the cache to accommodate a new model of indicated size.
-
-        Note: This function deletes all of the cache's internal references to a model in order to free it. If there are
-        external references to the model, there's nothing that the cache can do about it, and those models will not be
-        garbage-collected.
-        """
-        bytes_needed = size
-        maximum_size = self.max_cache_size * GB  # stored in GB, convert to bytes
-        current_size = self.cache_size()
-
-        if current_size + bytes_needed > maximum_size:
-            self.logger.debug(
-                f"Max cache size exceeded: {(current_size/GB):.2f}/{self.max_cache_size:.2f} GB, need an additional"
-                f" {(bytes_needed/GB):.2f} GB"
-            )
-
-        self.logger.debug(f"Before making_room: cached_models={len(self._cached_models)}")
-
-        pos = 0
-        models_cleared = 0
-        while current_size + bytes_needed > maximum_size and pos < len(self._cache_stack):
-            model_key = self._cache_stack[pos]
-            cache_entry = self._cached_models[model_key]
-            device = cache_entry.model.device if hasattr(cache_entry.model, "device") else None
-            self.logger.debug(
-                f"Model: {model_key}, locks: {cache_entry._locks}, device: {device}, loaded: {cache_entry.loaded}"
-            )
-
-            if not cache_entry.locked:
-                self.logger.debug(
-                    f"Removing {model_key} from RAM cache to free at least {(size/GB):.2f} GB (-{(cache_entry.size/GB):.2f} GB)"
-                )
-                current_size -= cache_entry.size
-                models_cleared += 1
-                self._delete_cache_entry(cache_entry)
-                del cache_entry
-
-            else:
-                pos += 1
-
-        if models_cleared > 0:
-            # There would likely be some 'garbage' to be collected regardless of whether a model was cleared or not, but
-            # there is a significant time cost to calling `gc.collect()`, so we want to use it sparingly. (The time cost
-            # is high even if no garbage gets collected.)
-            #
-            # Calling gc.collect(...) when a model is cleared seems like a good middle-ground:
-            # - If models had to be cleared, it's a signal that we are close to our memory limit.
-            # - If models were cleared, there's a good chance that there's a significant amount of garbage to be
-            #   collected.
-            #
-            # Keep in mind that gc is only responsible for handling reference cycles. Most objects should be cleaned up
-            # immediately when their reference count hits 0.
-            if self.stats:
-                self.stats.cleared = models_cleared
-            gc.collect()
-
-        TorchDevice.empty_cache()
-        self.logger.debug(f"After making room: cached_models={len(self._cached_models)}")
-
-    def _delete_cache_entry(self, cache_entry: CacheRecord[AnyModel]) -> None:
-        self._cache_stack.remove(cache_entry.key)
-        del self._cached_models[cache_entry.key]

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/model_locker.py

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Base class and implementation of a class that moves models in and out of VRAM.
-"""
-
-from typing import Dict, Optional
-
-import torch
-
-from invokeai.backend.model_manager import AnyModel
-from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.model_cache_base import (
-    CacheRecord,
-    ModelCacheBase,
-    ModelLockerBase,
-)
-
-
-class ModelLocker(ModelLockerBase):
-    """Internal class that mediates movement in and out of GPU."""
-
-    def __init__(self, cache: ModelCacheBase[AnyModel], cache_entry: CacheRecord[AnyModel]):
-        """
-        Initialize the model locker.
-
-        :param cache: The ModelCache object
-        :param cache_entry: The entry in the model cache
-        """
-        self._cache = cache
-        self._cache_entry = cache_entry
-
-    @property
-    def model(self) -> AnyModel:
-        """Return the model without moving it around."""
-        return self._cache_entry.model
-
-    def get_state_dict(self) -> Optional[Dict[str, torch.Tensor]]:
-        """Return the state dict (if any) for the cached model."""
-        return self._cache_entry.state_dict
-
-    def lock(self) -> AnyModel:
-        """Move the model into the execution device (GPU) and lock it."""
-        self._cache_entry.lock()
-        try:
-            if self._cache.lazy_offloading:
-                self._cache.offload_unlocked_models(self._cache_entry.size)
-            self._cache.move_model_to_device(self._cache_entry, self._cache.execution_device)
-            self._cache_entry.loaded = True
-            self._cache.logger.debug(f"Locking {self._cache_entry.key} in {self._cache.execution_device}")
-            self._cache.print_cuda_stats()
-        except torch.cuda.OutOfMemoryError:
-            self._cache.logger.warning("Insufficient GPU memory to load model. Aborting")
-            self._cache_entry.unlock()
-            raise
-        except Exception:
-            self._cache_entry.unlock()
-            raise
-
-        return self.model
-
-    def unlock(self) -> None:
-        """Call upon exit from context."""
-        self._cache_entry.unlock()
-        if not self._cache.lazy_offloading:
-            self._cache.offload_unlocked_models(0)
-            self._cache.print_cuda_stats()

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/torch_module_autocast/cast_to_device.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from typing import TypeVar
+
+import torch
+
+T = TypeVar("T", torch.Tensor, None, torch.Tensor | None)
+
+
+def cast_to_device(t: T, to_device: torch.device) -> T:
+    """Helper function to cast an optional tensor to a target device."""
+    if t is None:
+        return t
+
+    if t.device.type != to_device.type:
+        return t.to(to_device)
+    return t

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/torch_module_autocast/custom_modules/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+This directory contains custom implementations of common torch.nn.Module classes that add support for:
+- Streaming weights to the execution device
+- Applying sidecar patches at execution time (e.g. sidecar LoRA layers)
+
+Each custom class sub-classes the original module type that is is replacing, so the following properties are preserved:
+- `isinstance(m, torch.nn.OrginalModule)` should still work.
+- Patching the weights directly (e.g. for LoRA) should still work. (Of course, this is not possible for quantized layers, hence the sidecar support.)

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/torch_module_autocast/custom_modules/custom_conv1d.py

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import torch
+
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.cast_to_device import cast_to_device
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.custom_modules.custom_module_mixin import (
+    CustomModuleMixin,
+)
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.custom_modules.utils import (
+    add_nullable_tensors,
+)
+
+
+class CustomConv1d(torch.nn.Conv1d, CustomModuleMixin):
+    def _autocast_forward_with_patches(self, input: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        weight = cast_to_device(self.weight, input.device)
+        bias = cast_to_device(self.bias, input.device)
+
+        # Prepare the original parameters for the patch aggregation.
+        orig_params = {"weight": weight, "bias": bias}
+        # Filter out None values.
+        orig_params = {k: v for k, v in orig_params.items() if v is not None}
+
+        aggregated_param_residuals = self._aggregate_patch_parameters(
+            patches_and_weights=self._patches_and_weights,
+            orig_params=orig_params,
+            device=input.device,
+        )
+
+        weight = add_nullable_tensors(weight, aggregated_param_residuals.get("weight", None))
+        bias = add_nullable_tensors(bias, aggregated_param_residuals.get("bias", None))
+        return self._conv_forward(input, weight, bias)
+
+    def _autocast_forward(self, input: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        weight = cast_to_device(self.weight, input.device)
+        bias = cast_to_device(self.bias, input.device)
+        return self._conv_forward(input, weight, bias)
+
+    def forward(self, input: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        if len(self._patches_and_weights) > 0:
+            return self._autocast_forward_with_patches(input)
+        elif self._device_autocasting_enabled:
+            return self._autocast_forward(input)
+        else:
+            return super().forward(input)

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/torch_module_autocast/custom_modules/custom_conv2d.py

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import torch
+
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.cast_to_device import cast_to_device
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.custom_modules.custom_module_mixin import (
+    CustomModuleMixin,
+)
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.custom_modules.utils import (
+    add_nullable_tensors,
+)
+
+
+class CustomConv2d(torch.nn.Conv2d, CustomModuleMixin):
+    def _autocast_forward_with_patches(self, input: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        weight = cast_to_device(self.weight, input.device)
+        bias = cast_to_device(self.bias, input.device)
+
+        # Prepare the original parameters for the patch aggregation.
+        orig_params = {"weight": weight, "bias": bias}
+        # Filter out None values.
+        orig_params = {k: v for k, v in orig_params.items() if v is not None}
+
+        aggregated_param_residuals = self._aggregate_patch_parameters(
+            patches_and_weights=self._patches_and_weights,
+            orig_params=orig_params,
+            device=input.device,
+        )
+
+        weight = add_nullable_tensors(weight, aggregated_param_residuals.get("weight", None))
+        bias = add_nullable_tensors(bias, aggregated_param_residuals.get("bias", None))
+        return self._conv_forward(input, weight, bias)
+
+    def _autocast_forward(self, input: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        weight = cast_to_device(self.weight, input.device)
+        bias = cast_to_device(self.bias, input.device)
+        return self._conv_forward(input, weight, bias)
+
+    def forward(self, input: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        if len(self._patches_and_weights) > 0:
+            return self._autocast_forward_with_patches(input)
+        elif self._device_autocasting_enabled:
+            return self._autocast_forward(input)
+        else:
+            return super().forward(input)

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/torch_module_autocast/custom_modules/custom_embedding.py

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import torch
+
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.cast_to_device import cast_to_device
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.custom_modules.custom_module_mixin import (
+    CustomModuleMixin,
+)
+
+
+class CustomEmbedding(torch.nn.Embedding, CustomModuleMixin):
+    def _autocast_forward(self, input: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        weight = cast_to_device(self.weight, input.device)
+        return torch.nn.functional.embedding(
+            input,
+            weight,
+            self.padding_idx,
+            self.max_norm,
+            self.norm_type,
+            self.scale_grad_by_freq,
+            self.sparse,
+        )
+
+    def forward(self, input: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        if len(self._patches_and_weights) > 0:
+            raise RuntimeError("Embedding layers do not support patches")
+
+        if self._device_autocasting_enabled:
+            return self._autocast_forward(input)
+        else:
+            return super().forward(input)

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/torch_module_autocast/custom_modules/custom_flux_rms_norm.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import torch
+
+from invokeai.backend.flux.modules.layers import RMSNorm
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.cast_to_device import cast_to_device
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.custom_modules.custom_module_mixin import (
+    CustomModuleMixin,
+)
+from invokeai.backend.patches.layers.set_parameter_layer import SetParameterLayer
+
+
+class CustomFluxRMSNorm(RMSNorm, CustomModuleMixin):
+    def _autocast_forward_with_patches(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        # Currently, CustomFluxRMSNorm layers only support patching with a single SetParameterLayer.
+        assert len(self._patches_and_weights) == 1
+        patch, _patch_weight = self._patches_and_weights[0]
+        assert isinstance(patch, SetParameterLayer)
+        assert patch.param_name == "scale"
+
+        scale = cast_to_device(patch.weight, x.device)
+
+        # Apply the patch.
+        # NOTE(ryand): Currently, we ignore the patch weight when running as a sidecar. It's not clear how this should
+        # be handled.
+        return torch.nn.functional.rms_norm(x, scale.shape, scale, eps=1e-6)
+
+    def _autocast_forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        scale = cast_to_device(self.scale, x.device)
+        return torch.nn.functional.rms_norm(x, scale.shape, scale, eps=1e-6)
+
+    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        if len(self._patches_and_weights) > 0:
+            return self._autocast_forward_with_patches(x)
+        elif self._device_autocasting_enabled:
+            return self._autocast_forward(x)
+        else:
+            return super().forward(x)

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/torch_module_autocast/custom_modules/custom_group_norm.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import torch
+
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.cast_to_device import cast_to_device
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.custom_modules.custom_module_mixin import (
+    CustomModuleMixin,
+)
+
+
+class CustomGroupNorm(torch.nn.GroupNorm, CustomModuleMixin):
+    def _autocast_forward(self, input: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        weight = cast_to_device(self.weight, input.device)
+        bias = cast_to_device(self.bias, input.device)
+        return torch.nn.functional.group_norm(input, self.num_groups, weight, bias, self.eps)
+
+    def forward(self, input: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        if len(self._patches_and_weights) > 0:
+            raise RuntimeError("GroupNorm layers do not support patches")
+
+        if self._device_autocasting_enabled:
+            return self._autocast_forward(input)
+        else:
+            return super().forward(input)

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/torch_module_autocast/custom_modules/custom_invoke_linear_8_bit_lt.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import bitsandbytes as bnb
+import torch
+
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.cast_to_device import cast_to_device
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.custom_modules.custom_linear import (
+    autocast_linear_forward_sidecar_patches,
+)
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.custom_modules.custom_module_mixin import (
+    CustomModuleMixin,
+)
+from invokeai.backend.quantization.bnb_llm_int8 import InvokeLinear8bitLt
+
+
+class CustomInvokeLinear8bitLt(InvokeLinear8bitLt, CustomModuleMixin):
+    def _autocast_forward_with_patches(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        return autocast_linear_forward_sidecar_patches(self, x, self._patches_and_weights)
+
+    def _autocast_forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        matmul_state = bnb.MatmulLtState()
+        matmul_state.threshold = self.state.threshold
+        matmul_state.has_fp16_weights = self.state.has_fp16_weights
+        matmul_state.use_pool = self.state.use_pool
+        matmul_state.is_training = self.training
+        # The underlying InvokeInt8Params weight must already be quantized.
+        assert self.weight.CB is not None
+        matmul_state.CB = cast_to_device(self.weight.CB, x.device)
+        matmul_state.SCB = cast_to_device(self.weight.SCB, x.device)
+
+        # weights are cast automatically as Int8Params, but the bias has to be cast manually.
+        if self.bias is not None and self.bias.dtype != x.dtype:
+            self.bias.data = self.bias.data.to(x.dtype)
+
+        # NOTE(ryand): The second parameter should not be needed at all given our expected inference configuration, but
+        # it's dtype field must be accessible, even though it's not used. We pass in self.weight even though it could be
+        # on the wrong device.
+        return bnb.matmul(x, self.weight, bias=cast_to_device(self.bias, x.device), state=matmul_state)
+
+    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        if len(self._patches_and_weights) > 0:
+            return self._autocast_forward_with_patches(x)
+        elif self._device_autocasting_enabled:
+            return self._autocast_forward(x)
+        else:
+            return super().forward(x)

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/torch_module_autocast/custom_modules/custom_invoke_linear_nf4.py

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import copy
+
+import bitsandbytes as bnb
+import torch
+
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.cast_to_device import cast_to_device
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.custom_modules.custom_linear import (
+    autocast_linear_forward_sidecar_patches,
+)
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.custom_modules.custom_module_mixin import (
+    CustomModuleMixin,
+)
+from invokeai.backend.quantization.bnb_nf4 import InvokeLinearNF4
+
+
+class CustomInvokeLinearNF4(InvokeLinearNF4, CustomModuleMixin):
+    def _autocast_forward_with_patches(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        return autocast_linear_forward_sidecar_patches(self, x, self._patches_and_weights)
+
+    def _autocast_forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        bnb.nn.modules.fix_4bit_weight_quant_state_from_module(self)
+
+        # weights are cast automatically as Int8Params, but the bias has to be cast manually
+        if self.bias is not None and self.bias.dtype != x.dtype:
+            self.bias.data = self.bias.data.to(x.dtype)
+
+        if not self.compute_type_is_set:
+            self.set_compute_type(x)
+            self.compute_type_is_set = True
+
+        inp_dtype = x.dtype
+        if self.compute_dtype is not None:
+            x = x.to(self.compute_dtype)
+
+        bias = None if self.bias is None else self.bias.to(self.compute_dtype)
+
+        # HACK(ryand): Casting self.weight to the device also casts the self.weight.quant_state in-place (i.e. it
+        # does not follow the tensor semantics of returning a new copy when converting to a different device). This
+        # means that quant_state elements that started on the CPU would be left on the GPU, which we don't want. To
+        # avoid this side effect we make a shallow copy of the original quant_state so that we can restore it. Fixing
+        # this properly would require more invasive changes to the bitsandbytes library.
+
+        # Make a shallow copy of the quant_state so that we can undo the in-place modification that occurs when casting
+        # to a new device.
+        old_quant_state = copy.copy(self.weight.quant_state)
+        weight = cast_to_device(self.weight, x.device)
+        self.weight.quant_state = old_quant_state
+
+        # For some reason, the quant_state.to(...) implementation fails to cast the quant_state.code field. We do this
+        # manually here.
+        weight.quant_state.code = cast_to_device(weight.quant_state.code, x.device)
+
+        bias = cast_to_device(self.bias, x.device)
+        return bnb.matmul_4bit(x, weight.t(), bias=bias, quant_state=weight.quant_state).to(inp_dtype)
+
+    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        if len(self._patches_and_weights) > 0:
+            return self._autocast_forward_with_patches(x)
+        elif self._device_autocasting_enabled:
+            return self._autocast_forward(x)
+        else:
+            return super().forward(x)

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/torch_module_autocast/custom_modules/custom_linear.py

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+import copy
+
+import torch
+
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.cast_to_device import cast_to_device
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.custom_modules.custom_module_mixin import (
+    CustomModuleMixin,
+)
+from invokeai.backend.patches.layers.base_layer_patch import BaseLayerPatch
+from invokeai.backend.patches.layers.concatenated_lora_layer import ConcatenatedLoRALayer
+from invokeai.backend.patches.layers.flux_control_lora_layer import FluxControlLoRALayer
+from invokeai.backend.patches.layers.lora_layer import LoRALayer
+
+
+def linear_lora_forward(input: torch.Tensor, lora_layer: LoRALayer, lora_weight: float) -> torch.Tensor:
+    """An optimized implementation of the residual calculation for a sidecar linear LoRALayer."""
+    x = torch.nn.functional.linear(input, lora_layer.down)
+    if lora_layer.mid is not None:
+        x = torch.nn.functional.linear(x, lora_layer.mid)
+    x = torch.nn.functional.linear(x, lora_layer.up, bias=lora_layer.bias)
+    x *= lora_weight * lora_layer.scale()
+    return x
+
+
+def concatenated_lora_forward(
+    input: torch.Tensor, concatenated_lora_layer: ConcatenatedLoRALayer, lora_weight: float
+) -> torch.Tensor:
+    """An optimized implementation of the residual calculation for a sidecar ConcatenatedLoRALayer."""
+    x_chunks: list[torch.Tensor] = []
+    for lora_layer in concatenated_lora_layer.lora_layers:
+        x_chunk = torch.nn.functional.linear(input, lora_layer.down)
+        if lora_layer.mid is not None:
+            x_chunk = torch.nn.functional.linear(x_chunk, lora_layer.mid)
+        x_chunk = torch.nn.functional.linear(x_chunk, lora_layer.up, bias=lora_layer.bias)
+        x_chunk *= lora_weight * lora_layer.scale()
+        x_chunks.append(x_chunk)
+
+    # TODO(ryand): Generalize to support concat_axis != 0.
+    assert concatenated_lora_layer.concat_axis == 0
+    x = torch.cat(x_chunks, dim=-1)
+    return x
+
+
+def autocast_linear_forward_sidecar_patches(
+    orig_module: torch.nn.Linear, input: torch.Tensor, patches_and_weights: list[tuple[BaseLayerPatch, float]]
+) -> torch.Tensor:
+    """A function that runs a linear layer (quantized or non-quantized) with sidecar patches for a linear layer.
+    Compatible with both quantized and non-quantized Linear layers.
+    """
+    # First, apply the original linear layer.
+    # NOTE: We slice the input to match the original weight shape in order to work with FluxControlLoRAs, which
+    # change the linear layer's in_features.
+    orig_input = input
+    input = orig_input[..., : orig_module.in_features]
+    output = orig_module._autocast_forward(input)
+
+    # Then, apply layers for which we have optimized implementations.
+    unprocessed_patches_and_weights: list[tuple[BaseLayerPatch, float]] = []
+    for patch, patch_weight in patches_and_weights:
+        # Shallow copy the patch so that we can cast it to the target device without modifying the original patch.
+        patch = copy.copy(patch)
+        patch.to(input.device)
+
+        if isinstance(patch, FluxControlLoRALayer):
+            # Note that we use the original input here, not the sliced input.
+            output += linear_lora_forward(orig_input, patch, patch_weight)
+        elif isinstance(patch, LoRALayer):
+            output += linear_lora_forward(input, patch, patch_weight)
+        elif isinstance(patch, ConcatenatedLoRALayer):
+            output += concatenated_lora_forward(input, patch, patch_weight)
+        else:
+            unprocessed_patches_and_weights.append((patch, patch_weight))
+
+    # Finally, apply any remaining patches.
+    if len(unprocessed_patches_and_weights) > 0:
+        # Prepare the original parameters for the patch aggregation.
+        orig_params = {"weight": orig_module.weight, "bias": orig_module.bias}
+        # Filter out None values.
+        orig_params = {k: v for k, v in orig_params.items() if v is not None}
+
+        aggregated_param_residuals = orig_module._aggregate_patch_parameters(
+            unprocessed_patches_and_weights, orig_params=orig_params, device=input.device
+        )
+        output += torch.nn.functional.linear(
+            input, aggregated_param_residuals["weight"], aggregated_param_residuals.get("bias", None)
+        )
+
+    return output
+
+
+class CustomLinear(torch.nn.Linear, CustomModuleMixin):
+    def _autocast_forward_with_patches(self, input: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        return autocast_linear_forward_sidecar_patches(self, input, self._patches_and_weights)
+
+    def _autocast_forward(self, input: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        weight = cast_to_device(self.weight, input.device)
+        bias = cast_to_device(self.bias, input.device)
+        return torch.nn.functional.linear(input, weight, bias)
+
+    def forward(self, input: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        if len(self._patches_and_weights) > 0:
+            return self._autocast_forward_with_patches(input)
+        elif self._device_autocasting_enabled:
+            return self._autocast_forward(input)
+        else:
+            return super().forward(input)

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/torch_module_autocast/custom_modules/custom_module_mixin.py

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+import copy
+
+import torch
+
+from invokeai.backend.patches.layers.base_layer_patch import BaseLayerPatch
+
+
+class CustomModuleMixin:
+    """A mixin class for custom modules that enables device autocasting of module parameters."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._device_autocasting_enabled = False
+        self._patches_and_weights: list[tuple[BaseLayerPatch, float]] = []
+
+    def set_device_autocasting_enabled(self, enabled: bool):
+        """Pass True to enable autocasting of module parameters to the same device as the input tensor. Pass False to
+        disable autocasting, which results in slightly faster execution speed when we know that device autocasting is
+        not needed.
+        """
+        self._device_autocasting_enabled = enabled
+
+    def is_device_autocasting_enabled(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if device autocasting is enabled for the module."""
+        return self._device_autocasting_enabled
+
+    def add_patch(self, patch: BaseLayerPatch, patch_weight: float):
+        """Add a patch to the module."""
+        self._patches_and_weights.append((patch, patch_weight))
+
+    def clear_patches(self):
+        """Clear all patches from the module."""
+        self._patches_and_weights = []
+
+    def get_num_patches(self) -> int:
+        """Get the number of patches in the module."""
+        return len(self._patches_and_weights)
+
+    def _aggregate_patch_parameters(
+        self,
+        patches_and_weights: list[tuple[BaseLayerPatch, float]],
+        orig_params: dict[str, torch.Tensor],
+        device: torch.device | None = None,
+    ):
+        """Helper function that aggregates the parameters from all patches into a single dict."""
+        params: dict[str, torch.Tensor] = {}
+
+        for patch, patch_weight in patches_and_weights:
+            if device is not None:
+                # Shallow copy the patch so that we can cast it to the target device without modifying the original patch.
+                patch = copy.copy(patch)
+                patch.to(device)
+
+            # TODO(ryand): `self` could be a quantized module. Depending on what the patch is doing with the original
+            # parameters, this might fail or return incorrect results.
+            layer_params = patch.get_parameters(orig_params, weight=patch_weight)
+
+            for param_name, param_weight in layer_params.items():
+                if param_name not in params:
+                    params[param_name] = param_weight
+                else:
+                    params[param_name] += param_weight
+
+        return params

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/torch_module_autocast/custom_modules/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from typing import overload
+
+import torch
+
+
+@overload
+def add_nullable_tensors(a: None, b: None) -> None: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def add_nullable_tensors(a: torch.Tensor, b: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def add_nullable_tensors(a: torch.Tensor, b: None) -> torch.Tensor: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def add_nullable_tensors(a: None, b: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor: ...
+
+
+def add_nullable_tensors(a: torch.Tensor | None, b: torch.Tensor | None) -> torch.Tensor | None:
+    if a is None and b is None:
+        return None
+    elif a is None:
+        return b
+    elif b is None:
+        return a
+    else:
+        return a + b

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/torch_module_autocast/torch_module_autocast.py

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+from typing import TypeVar
+
+import torch
+
+from invokeai.backend.flux.modules.layers import RMSNorm
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.custom_modules.custom_conv1d import (
+    CustomConv1d,
+)
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.custom_modules.custom_conv2d import (
+    CustomConv2d,
+)
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.custom_modules.custom_embedding import (
+    CustomEmbedding,
+)
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.custom_modules.custom_flux_rms_norm import (
+    CustomFluxRMSNorm,
+)
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.custom_modules.custom_group_norm import (
+    CustomGroupNorm,
+)
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.custom_modules.custom_linear import (
+    CustomLinear,
+)
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.custom_modules.custom_module_mixin import (
+    CustomModuleMixin,
+)
+
+AUTOCAST_MODULE_TYPE_MAPPING: dict[type[torch.nn.Module], type[torch.nn.Module]] = {
+    torch.nn.Linear: CustomLinear,
+    torch.nn.Conv1d: CustomConv1d,
+    torch.nn.Conv2d: CustomConv2d,
+    torch.nn.GroupNorm: CustomGroupNorm,
+    torch.nn.Embedding: CustomEmbedding,
+    RMSNorm: CustomFluxRMSNorm,
+}
+
+try:
+    # These dependencies are not expected to be present on MacOS.
+    from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.custom_modules.custom_invoke_linear_8_bit_lt import (
+        CustomInvokeLinear8bitLt,
+    )
+    from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.custom_modules.custom_invoke_linear_nf4 import (
+        CustomInvokeLinearNF4,
+    )
+    from invokeai.backend.quantization.bnb_llm_int8 import InvokeLinear8bitLt
+    from invokeai.backend.quantization.bnb_nf4 import InvokeLinearNF4
+
+    AUTOCAST_MODULE_TYPE_MAPPING[InvokeLinear8bitLt] = CustomInvokeLinear8bitLt
+    AUTOCAST_MODULE_TYPE_MAPPING[InvokeLinearNF4] = CustomInvokeLinearNF4
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+
+AUTOCAST_MODULE_TYPE_MAPPING_INVERSE = {v: k for k, v in AUTOCAST_MODULE_TYPE_MAPPING.items()}
+
+
+T = TypeVar("T", bound=torch.nn.Module)
+
+
+def wrap_custom_layer(module_to_wrap: torch.nn.Module, custom_layer_type: type[T]) -> T:
+    # HACK(ryand): We use custom initialization logic so that we can initialize a new custom layer instance from an
+    # existing layer instance without calling __init__() on the original layer class. We achieve this by copying
+    # the attributes from the original layer instance to the new instance.
+    custom_layer = custom_layer_type.__new__(custom_layer_type)
+    # Note that we share the __dict__.
+    # TODO(ryand): In the future, we may want to do a shallow copy of the __dict__.
+    custom_layer.__dict__ = module_to_wrap.__dict__
+
+    # Initialize the CustomModuleMixin fields.
+    CustomModuleMixin.__init__(custom_layer)  # type: ignore
+    return custom_layer
+
+
+def unwrap_custom_layer(custom_layer: torch.nn.Module, original_layer_type: type[torch.nn.Module]):
+    # HACK(ryand): We use custom initialization logic so that we can initialize a new custom layer instance from an
+    # existing layer instance without calling __init__() on the original layer class. We achieve this by copying
+    # the attributes from the original layer instance to the new instance.
+    original_layer = original_layer_type.__new__(original_layer_type)
+    # Note that we share the __dict__.
+    # TODO(ryand): In the future, we may want to do a shallow copy of the __dict__ and strip out the CustomModuleMixin
+    # fields.
+    original_layer.__dict__ = custom_layer.__dict__
+    return original_layer
+
+
+def apply_custom_layers_to_model(module: torch.nn.Module, device_autocasting_enabled: bool = False):
+    for name, submodule in module.named_children():
+        override_type = AUTOCAST_MODULE_TYPE_MAPPING.get(type(submodule), None)
+        if override_type is not None:
+            custom_layer = wrap_custom_layer(submodule, override_type)
+            # TODO(ryand): In the future, we should manage this flag on a per-module basis.
+            custom_layer.set_device_autocasting_enabled(device_autocasting_enabled)
+            setattr(module, name, custom_layer)
+        else:
+            # Recursively apply to submodules
+            apply_custom_layers_to_model(submodule, device_autocasting_enabled)
+
+
+def remove_custom_layers_from_model(module: torch.nn.Module):
+    for name, submodule in module.named_children():
+        override_type = AUTOCAST_MODULE_TYPE_MAPPING_INVERSE.get(type(submodule), None)
+        if override_type is not None:
+            setattr(module, name, unwrap_custom_layer(submodule, override_type))
+        else:
+            remove_custom_layers_from_model(submodule)

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_cache/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import itertools
+
+import torch
+
+
+def get_effective_device(model: torch.nn.Module) -> torch.device:
+    """A utility to infer the 'effective' device of a model.
+
+    This utility handles the case where a model is partially loaded onto the GPU, so is safer than just calling:
+    `next(iter(model.parameters())).device`.
+
+    In the worst case, this utility has to check all model parameters, so if you already know the intended model device,
+    then it is better to avoid calling this function.
+    """
+    # If all parameters are on the CPU, return the CPU device. Otherwise, return the first non-CPU device.
+    for p in itertools.chain(model.parameters(), model.buffers()):
+        if p.device.type != "cpu":
+            return p.device
+
+    return torch.device("cpu")

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_loaders/lora.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ from invokeai.backend.model_manager import (
     SubModelType,
 )
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.load_default import ModelLoader
-from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.model_cache_base import ModelCacheBase
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.model_cache import ModelCache
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_loader_registry import ModelLoaderRegistry
 from invokeai.backend.patches.lora_conversions.flux_control_lora_utils import (
     is_state_dict_likely_flux_control,
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class LoRALoader(ModelLoader):
         self,
         app_config: InvokeAIAppConfig,
         logger: Logger,
-        ram_cache: ModelCacheBase[AnyModel],
+        ram_cache: ModelCache,
     ):
         """Initialize the loader."""
         super().__init__(app_config, logger, ram_cache)

invokeai/backend/model_manager/load/model_loaders/stable_diffusion.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from invokeai.backend.model_manager.config import (
     DiffusersConfigBase,
     MainCheckpointConfig,
 )
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.model_cache import get_model_cache_key
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_loader_registry import ModelLoaderRegistry
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_loaders.generic_diffusers import GenericDiffusersLoader
 from invokeai.backend.util.silence_warnings import SilenceWarnings
@@ -132,5 +133,5 @@ class StableDiffusionDiffusersModel(GenericDiffusersLoader):
             if subtype == submodel_type:
                 continue
             if submodel := getattr(pipeline, subtype.value, None):
-                self._ram_cache.put(config.key, submodel_type=subtype, model=submodel)
+                self._ram_cache.put(get_model_cache_key(config.key, subtype), model=submodel)
         return getattr(pipeline, submodel_type.value)

invokeai/backend/model_patcher.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from transformers import CLIPTextModel, CLIPTextModelWithProjection, CLIPTokeniz
 from invokeai.app.shared.models import FreeUConfig
 from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.optimizations import skip_torch_weight_init
 from invokeai.backend.textual_inversion import TextualInversionManager, TextualInversionModelRaw
+from invokeai.backend.util.devices import TorchDevice
 
 
 class ModelPatcher:
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ class ModelPatcher:
                         )
 
                     model_embeddings.weight.data[token_id] = embedding.to(
-                        device=text_encoder.device, dtype=text_encoder.dtype
+                        device=TorchDevice.choose_torch_device(), dtype=text_encoder.dtype
                     )
                     ti_tokens.append(token_id)
 

invokeai/backend/patches/layer_patcher.py

@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ from invokeai.backend.patches.layers.base_layer_patch import BaseLayerPatch
 from invokeai.backend.patches.layers.flux_control_lora_layer import FluxControlLoRALayer
 from invokeai.backend.patches.model_patch_raw import ModelPatchRaw
 from invokeai.backend.patches.pad_with_zeros import pad_with_zeros
-from invokeai.backend.patches.sidecar_wrappers.base_sidecar_wrapper import BaseSidecarWrapper
-from invokeai.backend.patches.sidecar_wrappers.utils import wrap_module_with_sidecar_wrapper
 from invokeai.backend.util.devices import TorchDevice
 from invokeai.backend.util.original_weights_storage import OriginalWeightsStorage
 
@@ -17,58 +15,64 @@ class LayerPatcher:
     @staticmethod
     @torch.no_grad()
     @contextmanager
-    def apply_model_patches(
+    def apply_smart_model_patches(
         model: torch.nn.Module,
         patches: Iterable[Tuple[ModelPatchRaw, float]],
         prefix: str,
+        dtype: torch.dtype,
         cached_weights: Optional[Dict[str, torch.Tensor]] = None,
+        force_direct_patching: bool = False,
+        force_sidecar_patching: bool = False,
     ):
-        """Apply one or more LoRA patches to a model within a context manager.
-
-        Args:
-            model (torch.nn.Module): The model to patch.
-            patches (Iterable[Tuple[LoRAModelRaw, float]]): An iterator that returns tuples of LoRA patches and
-                associated weights. An iterator is used so that the LoRA patches do not need to be loaded into memory
-                all at once.
-            prefix (str): The keys in the patches will be filtered to only include weights with this prefix.
-            cached_weights (Optional[Dict[str, torch.Tensor]], optional): Read-only copy of the model's state dict in
-                CPU RAM, for efficient unpatching purposes.
+        """Apply 'smart' model patching that chooses whether to use direct patching or a sidecar wrapper for each
+        module.
         """
+
+        # original_weights are stored for unpatching layers that are directly patched.
         original_weights = OriginalWeightsStorage(cached_weights)
+        # original_modules are stored for unpatching layers that are wrapped.
+        original_modules: dict[str, torch.nn.Module] = {}
         try:
             for patch, patch_weight in patches:
-                LayerPatcher.apply_model_patch(
+                LayerPatcher.apply_smart_model_patch(
                     model=model,
                     prefix=prefix,
                     patch=patch,
                     patch_weight=patch_weight,
                     original_weights=original_weights,
+                    original_modules=original_modules,
+                    dtype=dtype,
+                    force_direct_patching=force_direct_patching,
+                    force_sidecar_patching=force_sidecar_patching,
                 )
-                del patch
 
             yield
         finally:
+            # Restore directly patched layers.
             for param_key, weight in original_weights.get_changed_weights():
                 cur_param = model.get_parameter(param_key)
                 cur_param.data = weight.to(dtype=cur_param.dtype, device=cur_param.device, copy=True)
 
+            # Clear patches from all patched modules.
+            # Note: This logic assumes no nested modules in original_modules.
+            for orig_module in original_modules.values():
+                orig_module.clear_patches()
+
     @staticmethod
     @torch.no_grad()
-    def apply_model_patch(
+    def apply_smart_model_patch(
         model: torch.nn.Module,
         prefix: str,
         patch: ModelPatchRaw,
         patch_weight: float,
         original_weights: OriginalWeightsStorage,
+        original_modules: dict[str, torch.nn.Module],
+        dtype: torch.dtype,
+        force_direct_patching: bool,
+        force_sidecar_patching: bool,
     ):
-        """Apply a single LoRA patch to a model.
-
-        Args:
-            model (torch.nn.Module): The model to patch.
-            prefix (str): A string prefix that precedes keys used in the LoRAs weight layers.
-            patch (LoRAModelRaw): The LoRA model to patch in.
-            patch_weight (float): The weight of the LoRA patch.
-            original_weights (OriginalWeightsStorage): Storage for the original weights of the model, for unpatching.
+        """Apply a single LoRA patch to a model using the 'smart' patching strategy that chooses whether to use direct
+        patching or a sidecar wrapper for each module.
         """
         if patch_weight == 0:
             return
@@ -89,13 +93,50 @@ class LayerPatcher:
                 model, layer_key[prefix_len:], layer_key_is_flattened=layer_keys_are_flattened
             )
 
-            LayerPatcher._apply_model_layer_patch(
-                module_to_patch=module,
-                module_to_patch_key=module_key,
-                patch=layer,
-                patch_weight=patch_weight,
-                original_weights=original_weights,
-            )
+            # Decide whether to use direct patching or a sidecar patch.
+            # Direct patching is preferred, because it results in better runtime speed.
+            # Reasons to use sidecar patching:
+            # - The module is quantized, so the caller passed force_sidecar_patching=True.
+            # - The module already has sidecar patches.
+            # - The module is on the CPU (and we don't want to store a second full copy of the original weights on the
+            #   CPU, since this would double the RAM usage)
+            # NOTE: For now, we don't check if the layer is quantized here. We assume that this is checked in the caller
+            # and that the caller will set force_sidecar_patching=True if the layer is quantized.
+            # TODO(ryand): Handle the case where we are running without a GPU. Should we set a config flag that allows
+            # forcing full patching even on the CPU?
+            use_sidecar_patching = False
+            if force_direct_patching and force_sidecar_patching:
+                raise ValueError("Cannot force both direct and sidecar patching.")
+            elif force_direct_patching:
+                use_sidecar_patching = False
+            elif force_sidecar_patching:
+                use_sidecar_patching = True
+            elif module.get_num_patches() > 0:
+                use_sidecar_patching = True
+            elif LayerPatcher._is_any_part_of_layer_on_cpu(module):
+                use_sidecar_patching = True
+
+            if use_sidecar_patching:
+                LayerPatcher._apply_model_layer_wrapper_patch(
+                    module_to_patch=module,
+                    module_to_patch_key=module_key,
+                    patch=layer,
+                    patch_weight=patch_weight,
+                    original_modules=original_modules,
+                    dtype=dtype,
+                )
+            else:
+                LayerPatcher._apply_model_layer_patch(
+                    module_to_patch=module,
+                    module_to_patch_key=module_key,
+                    patch=layer,
+                    patch_weight=patch_weight,
+                    original_weights=original_weights,
+                )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_any_part_of_layer_on_cpu(layer: torch.nn.Module) -> bool:
+        return any(p.device.type == "cpu" for p in layer.parameters())
 
     @staticmethod
     @torch.no_grad()
@@ -120,7 +161,9 @@ class LayerPatcher:
 
         # TODO(ryand): Using torch.autocast(...) over explicit casting may offer a speed benefit on CUDA
         # devices here. Experimentally, it was found to be very slow on CPU. More investigation needed.
-        for param_name, param_weight in patch.get_parameters(module_to_patch, weight=patch_weight).items():
+        for param_name, param_weight in patch.get_parameters(
+            dict(module_to_patch.named_parameters(recurse=False)), weight=patch_weight
+        ).items():
             param_key = module_to_patch_key + "." + param_name
             module_param = module_to_patch.get_parameter(param_name)
 
@@ -143,93 +186,9 @@ class LayerPatcher:
 
         patch.to(device=TorchDevice.CPU_DEVICE)
 
-    @staticmethod
-    @torch.no_grad()
-    @contextmanager
-    def apply_model_sidecar_patches(
-        model: torch.nn.Module,
-        patches: Iterable[Tuple[ModelPatchRaw, float]],
-        prefix: str,
-        dtype: torch.dtype,
-    ):
-        """Apply one or more LoRA sidecar patches to a model within a context manager. Sidecar patches incur some
-        overhead compared to normal LoRA patching, but they allow for LoRA layers to applied to base layers in any
-        quantization format.
-
-        Args:
-            model (torch.nn.Module): The model to patch.
-            patches (Iterable[Tuple[LoRAModelRaw, float]]): An iterator that returns tuples of LoRA patches and
-                associated weights. An iterator is used so that the LoRA patches do not need to be loaded into memory
-                all at once.
-            prefix (str): The keys in the patches will be filtered to only include weights with this prefix.
-            dtype (torch.dtype): The compute dtype of the sidecar layers. This cannot easily be inferred from the model,
-                since the sidecar layers are typically applied on top of quantized layers whose weight dtype is
-                different from their compute dtype.
-        """
-        original_modules: dict[str, torch.nn.Module] = {}
-        try:
-            for patch, patch_weight in patches:
-                LayerPatcher._apply_model_sidecar_patch(
-                    model=model,
-                    prefix=prefix,
-                    patch=patch,
-                    patch_weight=patch_weight,
-                    original_modules=original_modules,
-                    dtype=dtype,
-                )
-            yield
-        finally:
-            # Restore original modules.
-            # Note: This logic assumes no nested modules in original_modules.
-            for module_key, orig_module in original_modules.items():
-                module_parent_key, module_name = LayerPatcher._split_parent_key(module_key)
-                parent_module = model.get_submodule(module_parent_key)
-                LayerPatcher._set_submodule(parent_module, module_name, orig_module)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _apply_model_sidecar_patch(
-        model: torch.nn.Module,
-        patch: ModelPatchRaw,
-        patch_weight: float,
-        prefix: str,
-        original_modules: dict[str, torch.nn.Module],
-        dtype: torch.dtype,
-    ):
-        """Apply a single LoRA sidecar patch to a model."""
-
-        if patch_weight == 0:
-            return
-
-        # If the layer keys contain a dot, then they are not flattened, and can be directly used to access model
-        # submodules. If the layer keys do not contain a dot, then they are flattened, meaning that all '.' have been
-        # replaced with '_'. Non-flattened keys are preferred, because they allow submodules to be accessed directly
-        # without searching, but some legacy code still uses flattened keys.
-        layer_keys_are_flattened = "." not in next(iter(patch.layers.keys()))
-
-        prefix_len = len(prefix)
-
-        for layer_key, layer in patch.layers.items():
-            if not layer_key.startswith(prefix):
-                continue
-
-            module_key, module = LayerPatcher._get_submodule(
-                model, layer_key[prefix_len:], layer_key_is_flattened=layer_keys_are_flattened
-            )
-
-            LayerPatcher._apply_model_layer_wrapper_patch(
-                model=model,
-                module_to_patch=module,
-                module_to_patch_key=module_key,
-                patch=layer,
-                patch_weight=patch_weight,
-                original_modules=original_modules,
-                dtype=dtype,
-            )
-
     @staticmethod
     @torch.no_grad()
     def _apply_model_layer_wrapper_patch(
-        model: torch.nn.Module,
         module_to_patch: torch.nn.Module,
         module_to_patch_key: str,
         patch: BaseLayerPatch,
@@ -237,25 +196,16 @@ class LayerPatcher:
         original_modules: dict[str, torch.nn.Module],
         dtype: torch.dtype,
     ):
-        """Apply a single LoRA wrapper patch to a model."""
-        # Replace the original module with a BaseSidecarWrapper if it has not already been done.
-        if not isinstance(module_to_patch, BaseSidecarWrapper):
-            wrapped_module = wrap_module_with_sidecar_wrapper(orig_module=module_to_patch)
-            original_modules[module_to_patch_key] = module_to_patch
-            module_parent_key, module_name = LayerPatcher._split_parent_key(module_to_patch_key)
-            module_parent = model.get_submodule(module_parent_key)
-            LayerPatcher._set_submodule(module_parent, module_name, wrapped_module)
-        else:
-            assert module_to_patch_key in original_modules
-            wrapped_module = module_to_patch
-
+        """Apply a single LoRA wrapper patch to a module."""
         # Move the LoRA layer to the same device/dtype as the orig module.
         first_param = next(module_to_patch.parameters())
         device = first_param.device
         patch.to(device=device, dtype=dtype)
 
-        # Add the patch to the sidecar wrapper.
-        wrapped_module.add_patch(patch, patch_weight)
+        if module_to_patch_key not in original_modules:
+            original_modules[module_to_patch_key] = module_to_patch
+
+        module_to_patch.add_patch(patch, patch_weight)
 
     @staticmethod
     def _split_parent_key(module_key: str) -> tuple[str, str]:

invokeai/backend/patches/layers/base_layer_patch.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import torch
 
 class BaseLayerPatch(ABC):
     @abstractmethod
-    def get_parameters(self, orig_module: torch.nn.Module, weight: float) -> dict[str, torch.Tensor]:
+    def get_parameters(self, orig_parameters: dict[str, torch.Tensor], weight: float) -> dict[str, torch.Tensor]:
         """Get the parameter residual updates that should be applied to the original parameters. Parameters omitted
         from the returned dict are not updated.
         """

invokeai/backend/patches/layers/concatenated_lora_layer.py

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class ConcatenatedLoRALayer(LoRALayerBase):
         layer_weights = [lora_layer.get_weight(None) * lora_layer.scale() for lora_layer in self.lora_layers]  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
         return torch.cat(layer_weights, dim=self.concat_axis)
 
-    def get_bias(self, orig_bias: torch.Tensor) -> Optional[torch.Tensor]:
+    def get_bias(self, orig_bias: torch.Tensor | None) -> Optional[torch.Tensor]:
         # TODO(ryand): Currently, we pass orig_bias=None to the sub-layers. If we want to support sub-layers that
         # require this value, we will need to implement chunking of the original bias tensor here.
         # Note that we must apply the sub-layer scales here.

invokeai/backend/patches/layers/flux_control_lora_layer.py

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ class FluxControlLoRALayer(LoRALayer):
     shapes don't match.
     """
 
-    def get_parameters(self, orig_module: torch.nn.Module, weight: float) -> dict[str, torch.Tensor]:
+    def get_parameters(self, orig_parameters: dict[str, torch.Tensor], weight: float) -> dict[str, torch.Tensor]:
         """This overrides the base class behavior to skip the reshaping step."""
         scale = self.scale()
-        params = {"weight": self.get_weight(orig_module.weight) * (weight * scale)}
-        bias = self.get_bias(orig_module.bias)
+        params = {"weight": self.get_weight(orig_parameters["weight"]) * (weight * scale)}
+        bias = self.get_bias(orig_parameters.get("bias", None))
         if bias is not None:
             params["bias"] = bias * (weight * scale)
 

invokeai/backend/patches/layers/ia3_layer.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from typing import Dict, Optional
 
 import torch
 
+from invokeai.backend.model_manager.load.model_cache.torch_module_autocast.cast_to_device import cast_to_device
 from invokeai.backend.patches.layers.lora_layer_base import LoRALayerBase
 
 
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ class IA3Layer(LoRALayerBase):
         weight = self.weight
         if not self.on_input:
             weight = weight.reshape(-1, 1)
-        return orig_weight * weight
+        return cast_to_device(orig_weight, weight.device) * weight
 
     def to(self, device: torch.device | None = None, dtype: torch.dtype | None = None):
         super().to(device, dtype)

invokeai/backend/patches/layers/lora_layer_base.py

@@ -54,19 +54,19 @@ class LoRALayerBase(BaseLayerPatch):
     def get_weight(self, orig_weight: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
-    def get_bias(self, orig_bias: torch.Tensor) -> Optional[torch.Tensor]:
+    def get_bias(self, orig_bias: torch.Tensor | None) -> Optional[torch.Tensor]:
         return self.bias
 
-    def get_parameters(self, orig_module: torch.nn.Module, weight: float) -> dict[str, torch.Tensor]:
+    def get_parameters(self, orig_parameters: dict[str, torch.Tensor], weight: float) -> dict[str, torch.Tensor]:
         scale = self.scale()
-        params = {"weight": self.get_weight(orig_module.weight) * (weight * scale)}
-        bias = self.get_bias(orig_module.bias)
+        params = {"weight": self.get_weight(orig_parameters["weight"]) * (weight * scale)}
+        bias = self.get_bias(orig_parameters.get("bias", None))
         if bias is not None:
             params["bias"] = bias * (weight * scale)
 
         # Reshape all params to match the original module's shape.
         for param_name, param_weight in params.items():
-            orig_param = orig_module.get_parameter(param_name)
+            orig_param = orig_parameters[param_name]
             if param_weight.shape != orig_param.shape:
                 params[param_name] = param_weight.reshape(orig_param.shape)
 

invokeai/backend/patches/layers/set_parameter_layer.py

@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ class SetParameterLayer(BaseLayerPatch):
         self.weight = weight
         self.param_name = param_name
 
-    def get_parameters(self, orig_module: torch.nn.Module, weight: float) -> dict[str, torch.Tensor]:
+    def get_parameters(self, orig_parameters: dict[str, torch.Tensor], weight: float) -> dict[str, torch.Tensor]:
         # Note: We intentionally ignore the weight parameter here. This matches the behavior in the official FLUX
         # Control LoRA implementation.
-        diff = self.weight - orig_module.get_parameter(self.param_name)
+        diff = self.weight - orig_parameters[self.param_name]
         return {self.param_name: diff}
 
     def to(self, device: torch.device | None = None, dtype: torch.dtype | None = None):

invokeai/backend/patches/sidecar_wrappers/base_sidecar_wrapper.py

@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-import torch
-
-from invokeai.backend.patches.layers.base_layer_patch import BaseLayerPatch
-
-
-class BaseSidecarWrapper(torch.nn.Module):
-    """A base class for sidecar wrappers.
-
-    A sidecar wrapper is a wrapper for an existing torch.nn.Module that applies a
-    list of patches as 'sidecar' patches. I.e. it applies the sidecar patches during forward inference without modifying
-    the original module.
-
-    Sidecar wrappers are typically used over regular patches when:
-    - The original module is quantized and so the weights can't be patched in the usual way.
-    - The original module is on the CPU and modifying the weights would require backing up the original weights and
-      doubling the CPU memory usage.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(
-        self, orig_module: torch.nn.Module, patches_and_weights: list[tuple[BaseLayerPatch, float]] | None = None
-    ):
-        super().__init__()
-        self._orig_module = orig_module
-        self._patches_and_weights = [] if patches_and_weights is None else patches_and_weights
-
-    @property
-    def orig_module(self) -> torch.nn.Module:
-        return self._orig_module
-
-    def add_patch(self, patch: BaseLayerPatch, patch_weight: float):
-        """Add a patch to the sidecar wrapper."""
-        self._patches_and_weights.append((patch, patch_weight))
-
-    def _aggregate_patch_parameters(
-        self, patches_and_weights: list[tuple[BaseLayerPatch, float]]
-    ) -> dict[str, torch.Tensor]:
-        """Helper function that aggregates the parameters from all patches into a single dict."""
-        params: dict[str, torch.Tensor] = {}
-
-        for patch, patch_weight in patches_and_weights:
-            # TODO(ryand): self._orig_module could be quantized. Depending on what the patch is doing with the original
-            # module, this might fail or return incorrect results.
-            layer_params = patch.get_parameters(self._orig_module, weight=patch_weight)
-
-            for param_name, param_weight in layer_params.items():
-                if param_name not in params:
-                    params[param_name] = param_weight
-                else:
-                    params[param_name] += param_weight
-
-        return params
-
-    def forward(self, *args, **kwargs):  # type: ignore
-        raise NotImplementedError()

invokeai/backend/patches/sidecar_wrappers/conv1d_sidecar_wrapper.py

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-import torch
-
-from invokeai.backend.patches.sidecar_wrappers.base_sidecar_wrapper import BaseSidecarWrapper
-
-
-class Conv1dSidecarWrapper(BaseSidecarWrapper):
-    def forward(self, input: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
-        aggregated_param_residuals = self._aggregate_patch_parameters(self._patches_and_weights)
-        return self.orig_module(input) + torch.nn.functional.conv1d(
-            input, aggregated_param_residuals["weight"], aggregated_param_residuals.get("bias", None)
-        )

invokeai/backend/patches/sidecar_wrappers/conv2d_sidecar_wrapper.py

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-import torch
-
-from invokeai.backend.patches.sidecar_wrappers.base_sidecar_wrapper import BaseSidecarWrapper
-
-
-class Conv2dSidecarWrapper(BaseSidecarWrapper):
-    def forward(self, input: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
-        aggregated_param_residuals = self._aggregate_patch_parameters(self._patches_and_weights)
-        return self.orig_module(input) + torch.nn.functional.conv1d(
-            input, aggregated_param_residuals["weight"], aggregated_param_residuals.get("bias", None)
-        )

invokeai/backend/patches/sidecar_wrappers/flux_rms_norm_sidecar_wrapper.py

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-import torch
-
-from invokeai.backend.patches.layers.set_parameter_layer import SetParameterLayer
-from invokeai.backend.patches.sidecar_wrappers.base_sidecar_wrapper import BaseSidecarWrapper
-
-
-class FluxRMSNormSidecarWrapper(BaseSidecarWrapper):
-    """A sidecar wrapper for a FLUX RMSNorm layer.
-
-    This wrapper is a special case. It is added specifically to enable FLUX structural control LoRAs, which overwrite
-    the RMSNorm scale parameters.
-    """
-
-    def forward(self, input: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
-        # Given the narrow focus of this wrapper, we only support a very particular patch configuration:
-        assert len(self._patches_and_weights) == 1
-        patch, _patch_weight = self._patches_and_weights[0]
-        assert isinstance(patch, SetParameterLayer)
-        assert patch.param_name == "scale"
-
-        # Apply the patch.
-        # NOTE(ryand): Currently, we ignore the patch weight when running as a sidecar. It's not clear how this should
-        # be handled.
-        return torch.nn.functional.rms_norm(input, patch.weight.shape, patch.weight, eps=1e-6)

invokeai/backend/patches/sidecar_wrappers/linear_sidecar_wrapper.py

@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-import torch
-
-from invokeai.backend.patches.layers.base_layer_patch import BaseLayerPatch
-from invokeai.backend.patches.layers.concatenated_lora_layer import ConcatenatedLoRALayer
-from invokeai.backend.patches.layers.flux_control_lora_layer import FluxControlLoRALayer
-from invokeai.backend.patches.layers.lora_layer import LoRALayer
-from invokeai.backend.patches.sidecar_wrappers.base_sidecar_wrapper import BaseSidecarWrapper
-
-
-class LinearSidecarWrapper(BaseSidecarWrapper):
-    def _lora_forward(self, input: torch.Tensor, lora_layer: LoRALayer, lora_weight: float) -> torch.Tensor:
-        """An optimized implementation of the residual calculation for a Linear LoRALayer."""
-        x = torch.nn.functional.linear(input, lora_layer.down)
-        if lora_layer.mid is not None:
-            x = torch.nn.functional.linear(x, lora_layer.mid)
-        x = torch.nn.functional.linear(x, lora_layer.up, bias=lora_layer.bias)
-        x *= lora_weight * lora_layer.scale()
-        return x
-
-    def _concatenated_lora_forward(
-        self, input: torch.Tensor, concatenated_lora_layer: ConcatenatedLoRALayer, lora_weight: float
-    ) -> torch.Tensor:
-        """An optimized implementation of the residual calculation for a Linear ConcatenatedLoRALayer."""
-        x_chunks: list[torch.Tensor] = []
-        for lora_layer in concatenated_lora_layer.lora_layers:
-            x_chunk = torch.nn.functional.linear(input, lora_layer.down)
-            if lora_layer.mid is not None:
-                x_chunk = torch.nn.functional.linear(x_chunk, lora_layer.mid)
-            x_chunk = torch.nn.functional.linear(x_chunk, lora_layer.up, bias=lora_layer.bias)
-            x_chunk *= lora_weight * lora_layer.scale()
-            x_chunks.append(x_chunk)
-
-        # TODO(ryand): Generalize to support concat_axis != 0.
-        assert concatenated_lora_layer.concat_axis == 0
-        x = torch.cat(x_chunks, dim=-1)
-        return x
-
-    def forward(self, input: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
-        # First, apply the original linear layer.
-        # NOTE: We slice the input to match the original weight shape in order to work with FluxControlLoRAs, which
-        # change the linear layer's in_features.
-        orig_input = input
-        input = orig_input[..., : self.orig_module.in_features]
-        output = self.orig_module(input)
-
-        # Then, apply layers for which we have optimized implementations.
-        unprocessed_patches_and_weights: list[tuple[BaseLayerPatch, float]] = []
-        for patch, patch_weight in self._patches_and_weights:
-            if isinstance(patch, FluxControlLoRALayer):
-                # Note that we use the original input here, not the sliced input.
-                output += self._lora_forward(orig_input, patch, patch_weight)
-            elif isinstance(patch, LoRALayer):
-                output += self._lora_forward(input, patch, patch_weight)
-            elif isinstance(patch, ConcatenatedLoRALayer):
-                output += self._concatenated_lora_forward(input, patch, patch_weight)
-            else:
-                unprocessed_patches_and_weights.append((patch, patch_weight))
-
-        # Finally, apply any remaining patches.
-        if len(unprocessed_patches_and_weights) > 0:
-            aggregated_param_residuals = self._aggregate_patch_parameters(unprocessed_patches_and_weights)
-            output += torch.nn.functional.linear(
-                input, aggregated_param_residuals["weight"], aggregated_param_residuals.get("bias", None)
-            )
-
-        return output

invokeai/backend/patches/sidecar_wrappers/utils.py

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-import torch
-
-from invokeai.backend.flux.modules.layers import RMSNorm
-from invokeai.backend.patches.sidecar_wrappers.conv1d_sidecar_wrapper import Conv1dSidecarWrapper
-from invokeai.backend.patches.sidecar_wrappers.conv2d_sidecar_wrapper import Conv2dSidecarWrapper
-from invokeai.backend.patches.sidecar_wrappers.flux_rms_norm_sidecar_wrapper import FluxRMSNormSidecarWrapper
-from invokeai.backend.patches.sidecar_wrappers.linear_sidecar_wrapper import LinearSidecarWrapper
-
-
-def wrap_module_with_sidecar_wrapper(orig_module: torch.nn.Module) -> torch.nn.Module:
-    if isinstance(orig_module, torch.nn.Linear):
-        return LinearSidecarWrapper(orig_module)
-    elif isinstance(orig_module, torch.nn.Conv1d):
-        return Conv1dSidecarWrapper(orig_module)
-    elif isinstance(orig_module, torch.nn.Conv2d):
-        return Conv2dSidecarWrapper(orig_module)
-    elif isinstance(orig_module, RMSNorm):
-        return FluxRMSNormSidecarWrapper(orig_module)
-    else:
-        raise ValueError(f"No sidecar wrapper found for module type: {type(orig_module)}")

invokeai/backend/quantization/bnb_llm_int8.py

@@ -25,12 +25,9 @@ class InvokeInt8Params(bnb.nn.Int8Params):
             self.CB = self.data
             self.SCB = self.SCB.cuda()
         else:
-            # we store the 8-bit rows-major weight
-            # we convert this weight to the turning/ampere weight during the first inference pass
+            # We quantize the weight and store in 8bit row-major
             B = self.data.contiguous().half().cuda(device)
-            CB, CBt, SCB, SCBt, coo_tensorB = bnb.functional.double_quant(B)
-            del CBt
-            del SCBt
+            CB, SCB, _ = bnb.functional.int8_vectorwise_quant(B)
             self.data = CB
             self.CB = CB
             self.SCB = SCB
@@ -55,9 +52,10 @@ class InvokeLinear8bitLt(bnb.nn.Linear8bitLt):
         # See `bnb.nn.Linear8bitLt._save_to_state_dict()` for the serialization logic of SCB and weight_format.
         scb = state_dict.pop(prefix + "SCB", None)
 
-        # Currently, we only support weight_format=0.
         weight_format = state_dict.pop(prefix + "weight_format", None)
-        assert weight_format == 0
+        if weight_format is not None:
+            # Currently, we only support weight_format=0.
+            assert weight_format == 0
 
         # TODO(ryand): Technically, we should be using `strict`, `missing_keys`, `unexpected_keys`, and `error_msgs`
         # rather than raising an exception to correctly implement this API.
@@ -99,6 +97,27 @@ class InvokeLinear8bitLt(bnb.nn.Linear8bitLt):
         new_state.use_pool = self.state.use_pool
         self.state = new_state
 
+    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor):
+        # The state management in the base bnb.nn.Linear8bitLt is very convoluted. We override the forward method to
+        # try to simplify the state management a bit. We initialize a new MatmulLtState object for each forward pass.
+        # By avoiding persistent state, it is easier to move the layer between devices without worrying about keeping
+        # references to weights on the old device (e.g. self.state.CB).
+        matmul_state = bnb.MatmulLtState()
+        matmul_state.threshold = self.state.threshold
+        matmul_state.has_fp16_weights = self.state.has_fp16_weights
+        matmul_state.use_pool = self.state.use_pool
+        matmul_state.is_training = self.training
+        # The underlying InvokeInt8Params weight must already be quantized.
+        assert self.weight.CB is not None
+        matmul_state.CB = self.weight.CB
+        matmul_state.SCB = self.weight.SCB
+
+        # weights are cast automatically as Int8Params, but the bias has to be cast manually.
+        if self.bias is not None and self.bias.dtype != x.dtype:
+            self.bias.data = self.bias.data.to(x.dtype)
+
+        return bnb.matmul(x, self.weight, bias=self.bias, state=matmul_state)
+
 
 def _convert_linear_layers_to_llm_8bit(
     module: torch.nn.Module, ignore_modules: set[str], outlier_threshold: float, prefix: str = ""

invokeai/backend/quantization/gguf/ggml_tensor.py

@@ -48,11 +48,13 @@ GGML_TENSOR_OP_TABLE = {
     # Ops to run on the quantized tensor.
     torch.ops.aten.detach.default: apply_to_quantized_tensor,  # pyright: ignore
     torch.ops.aten._to_copy.default: apply_to_quantized_tensor,  # pyright: ignore
+    torch.ops.aten.clone.default: apply_to_quantized_tensor,  # pyright: ignore
     # Ops to run on dequantized tensors.
     torch.ops.aten.t.default: dequantize_and_run,  # pyright: ignore
     torch.ops.aten.addmm.default: dequantize_and_run,  # pyright: ignore
     torch.ops.aten.mul.Tensor: dequantize_and_run,  # pyright: ignore
     torch.ops.aten.add.Tensor: dequantize_and_run,  # pyright: ignore
+    torch.ops.aten.allclose.default: dequantize_and_run,  # pyright: ignore
 }
 
 if torch.backends.mps.is_available():

invokeai/backend/stable_diffusion/extensions/lora.py

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from diffusers import UNet2DConditionModel
 
+from invokeai.backend.patches.layer_patcher import LayerPatcher
 from invokeai.backend.patches.model_patch_raw import ModelPatchRaw
-from invokeai.backend.patches.model_patcher import LayerPatcher
 from invokeai.backend.stable_diffusion.extensions.base import ExtensionBase
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -31,12 +31,16 @@ class LoRAExt(ExtensionBase):
     def patch_unet(self, unet: UNet2DConditionModel, original_weights: OriginalWeightsStorage):
         lora_model = self._node_context.models.load(self._model_id).model
         assert isinstance(lora_model, ModelPatchRaw)
-        LayerPatcher.apply_model_patch(
+        LayerPatcher.apply_smart_model_patch(
             model=unet,
             prefix="lora_unet_",
             patch=lora_model,
             patch_weight=self._weight,
             original_weights=original_weights,
+            original_modules={},
+            dtype=unet.dtype,
+            force_direct_patching=True,
+            force_sidecar_patching=False,
         )
         del lora_model
 

invokeai/backend/stable_diffusion/extensions/t2i_adapter.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from invokeai.backend.model_manager import BaseModelType
 from invokeai.backend.stable_diffusion.diffusion.conditioning_data import ConditioningMode
 from invokeai.backend.stable_diffusion.extension_callback_type import ExtensionCallbackType
 from invokeai.backend.stable_diffusion.extensions.base import ExtensionBase, callback
+from invokeai.backend.util.devices import TorchDevice
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from invokeai.app.invocations.model import ModelIdentifierField
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ class T2IAdapterExt(ExtensionBase):
             width=input_width,
             height=input_height,
             num_channels=model.config["in_channels"],
-            device=model.device,
+            device=TorchDevice.choose_torch_device(),
             dtype=model.dtype,
             resize_mode=self._resize_mode,
         )

invokeai/backend/util/prefix_logger_adapter.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import logging
+from typing import Any, MutableMapping
+
+
+# Issue with type hints related to LoggerAdapter: https://github.com/python/typeshed/issues/7855
+class PrefixedLoggerAdapter(logging.LoggerAdapter):  # type: ignore
+    def __init__(self, logger: logging.Logger, prefix: str):
+        super().__init__(logger, {})
+        self.prefix = prefix
+
+    def process(self, msg: str, kwargs: MutableMapping[str, Any]) -> tuple[str, MutableMapping[str, Any]]:
+        return f"[{self.prefix}] {msg}", kwargs