ci: use hermetic mac SDK for the release ffmpeg build (#50755)

* ci: use hermetic mac SDK for the release ffmpeg build

gn gen out/ffmpeg runs as a raw gn invocation, so it never receives the
mac_sdk_path arg that e build injects for out/Default. On macOS runners
that means out/Default builds against the hermetic build-tools SDK while
out/ffmpeg falls through to the runner's system Xcode SDK. Reuse the
value e build already wrote so both builds share the same sysroot.

Co-authored-by: Samuel Attard <sattard@anthropic.com>

* ci: copy hermetic SDK symlink into out/ffmpeg and rewrite path

mac_sdk_path must live under root_build_dir, so pointing out/ffmpeg at
//out/Default/... doesn't work. Copy the xcode_links symlink tree into
out/ffmpeg and rewrite the path. Gate on Darwin so Windows/Linux don't
run the sed/cp at all.

Co-authored-by: Samuel Attard <sattard@anthropic.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: trop[bot] <37223003+trop[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Samuel Attard <sattard@anthropic.com>

.claude/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+settings.local.json

.claude/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+{
+  "permissions": {
+    "allow": [
+      "Bash(e sync)",
+      "Bash(e patches --list-targets:*)",
+      "Bash(git add:*)",
+      "Bash(git am:*)",
+      "Bash(git commit:*)",
+      "Bash(git log:*)",
+      "Bash(git show:*)",
+      "Bash(e patches:*)",
+      "Bash(e sync:*)",
+      "Skill(electron-chromium-upgrade)",
+      "Read(*)",
+      "Bash(echo:*)",
+      "Bash(e build:*)",
+      "Bash(tee:*)",
+      "Bash(git diff:*)",
+      "Bash(git rev-parse:*)"
+    ],
+    "deny": [],
+    "ask": []
+  }
+}

.claude/skills/electron-chromium-upgrade/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+---
+name: electron-chromium-upgrade
+description: Guide for performing Chromium version upgrades in the Electron project. Use when working on the roller/chromium/main branch to fix patch conflicts during `e sync --3`. Covers the patch application workflow, conflict resolution, analyzing upstream Chromium changes, and proper commit formatting for patch fixes.
+---
+
+# Electron Chromium Upgrade: Phase One
+
+## Summary
+
+Run `e sync --3` repeatedly, fixing patch conflicts as they arise, until it succeeds. Then run `e patches all` and commit changes atomically.
+
+## Success Criteria
+
+Phase One is complete when:
+- `e sync --3` exits with code 0 (no patch failures)
+- `e patches all` has been run to export all changes
+- All changes are committed per the commit guidelines below
+
+Do not stop until these criteria are met.
+
+**CRITICAL** Do not delete or skip patches unless 100% certain the patch is no longer needed. Complicated conflicts or hard to resolve issues should be presented to the user after you have exhausted all other options. Do not delete the patch just because you can't solve it.
+
+## Context
+
+The `roller/chromium/main` branch is created by automation to update Electron's Chromium dependency SHA. No work has been done to handle breaking changes between the old and new versions.
+
+**Key directories:**
+- Current directory: Electron repo (always run `e` commands here)
+- `..` (parent): Chromium repo (where most patches apply)
+- `patches/`: Patch files organized by target
+- `docs/development/patches.md`: Patch system documentation
+
+## Workflow
+
+1. Delete the `.git/rr-cache` in both the `electron` and `..` folder to ensure no accidental rerere replays occur from before this upgrade phase attempt started
+2. Run `e sync --3` (the `--3` flag enables 3-way merge, always required)
+3. If succeeds → skip to step 6
+4. If patch fails:
+   - Identify target repo and patch from error output
+   - Analyze failure (see references/patch-analysis.md)
+   - Fix conflict in target repo's working directory
+   - Run `git am --continue` in affected repo
+   - Repeat until all patches for that repo apply
+   - IMPORTANT: Once `git am --continue` succeeds you MUST run `e patches {target}` to export fixes
+   - Return to step 1
+5. When `e sync --3` succeeds, run `e patches all`
+6. **Read `references/phase-one-commit-guidelines.md` NOW**, then commit changes following those instructions exactly.
+
+Before committing any Phase One changes, you MUST read `references/phase-one-commit-guidelines.md` and follow its instructions exactly.
+
+## Commands Reference
+
+| Command | Purpose |
+|---------|---------|
+| `e sync --3` | Clone deps and apply patches with 3-way merge |
+| `git am --continue` | Continue after resolving conflict (run in target repo) |
+| `e patches {target}` | Export commits from target repo to patch files |
+| `e patches all` | Export all patches from all targets |
+| `e patches --list-targets` | List targets and config paths |
+
+## Patch System Mental Model
+
+```
+patches/{target}/*.patch  →  [e sync --3]  →  target repo commits
+                          ←  [e patches]   ←
+```
+
+## When to Edit Patches
+
+| Situation | Action |
+|-----------|--------|
+| During active `git am` conflict | Fix in target repo, then `git am --continue` |
+| Modifying patch outside conflict | Edit `.patch` file directly |
+| Creating new patch (rare, avoid) | Commit in target repo, then `e patches {target}` |
+
+Fix existing patches 99% of the time rather than creating new ones.
+
+## Patch Fixing Rules
+
+1. **Preserve authorship**: Keep original author in TODO comments (from patch `From:` field)
+2. **Never change TODO assignees**: `TODO(name)` must retain original name
+3. **Update descriptions**: If upstream changed (e.g., `DCHECK` → `CHECK_IS_TEST`), update patch commit message to reflect current state
+
+## Final Deliverable
+
+After Phase One, write a summary of every change: what was fixed, why, reasoning, and Chromium CL links.
+
+# Electron Chromium Upgrade: Phase Two
+
+## Summary
+
+Run `e build -k 999` repeatedly, fixing build issues as they arise, until it succeeds. Then run `e start --version` to validate Electron launches and commit changes atomically.
+
+Run Phase Two immediately after Phase One is complete.
+
+## Success Criteria
+
+Phase Two is complete when:
+- `e build -k 999` exits with code 0 (no build failures)
+- `e start --version` has been run to check Electron launches
+- All changes are committed per the commit guidelines below
+
+Do not stop until these criteria are met. Do not delete code or features, never comment out code in order to take short cut. Make all existing code, logic and intention work.
+
+## Context
+
+The `roller/chromium/main` branch is created by automation to update Electron's Chromium dependency SHA. No work has been done to handle breaking changes between the old and new versions. Chromium APIs frequently are renamed or refactored. In every case the code in Electron must be updated to account for the change in Chromium, strongly avoid making changes to the code in chromium to fix Electrons build.
+
+**Key directories:**
+- Current directory: Electron repo (always run `e` commands here)
+- `..` (parent): Chromium repo (do not touch this code to fix build issues, just read it to obtain context)
+
+## Workflow
+
+1. Run `e build -k 999` (the `-k 999` flag is a flag to ninja to say "do not stop until you find that many errors" it is an attempt to get as much error
+  context as possible for each time we run build)
+2. If succeeds → skip to step 6
+3. If build fails:
+    - Identify underlying file in "electron" from the compilation error message
+    - Analyze failure
+    - Fix build issue by adapting Electron's code for the change in Chromium
+    - Run `e build -t {target_that_failed}.o` to build just the failed target we were specifically fixing
+        - You can identify the target_that_failed from the failure line in the build log. E.g. `FAILED: 2e506007-8d5d-4f38-bdd1-b5cd77999a77 "./obj/electron/chromium_src/chrome/process_singleton_posix.o" CXX obj/electron/chromium_src/chrome/process_singleton_posix.o` the target name is `obj/electron/chromium_src/chrome/process_singleton_posix.o`
+    - **Read `references/phase-two-commit-guidelines.md` NOW**, then commit changes following those instructions exactly.
+    - Return to step 1
+4. **CRITICAL**: After ANY commit (especially patch commits), immediately run `git status` in the electron repo
+    - Look for other modified `.patch` files that only have index/hunk header changes
+    - These are dependent patches affected by your fix
+    - Commit them immediately with: `git commit -am "chore: update patch hunk headers"`
+    - This prevents losing track of necessary updates
+5. Return to step 1
+6. When `e build` succeeds, run `e start --version`
+7. Check if you have any pending changes in the Chromium repo by running `git status`
+    - If you have changes follow the instructions below in "A. Patch Fixes" to correctly commit those modifications into the appropriate patch file
+
+Before committing any Phase Two changes, you MUST read `references/phase-two-commit-guidelines.md` and follow its instructions exactly.
+
+## Build Error Detection
+
+When monitoring `e build -k 999` output, filter for errors using this regex pattern:
+error:|FAILED:|fatal:|subcommand failed|build finished
+
+The build output is extremely verbose. Filtering is essential to catch errors quickly.
+
+## Commands Reference
+
+| Command | Purpose |
+|---------|---------|
+| `e build -k 999` | Builds Electron and won't stop until either all targets attempted or 999 errors found |
+| `e build -t {target}.o` | Build just one specific target to verify a fix |
+| `e start --version` | Validate Electron launches after successful build |
+
+## Two Types of Build Fixes
+
+### A. Patch Fixes (for files in chromium_src or patched Chromium files)
+
+When the error is in a file that Electron patches (check with `grep -l "filename" patches/chromium/*.patch`):
+
+1. Edit the file in the Chromium source tree (e.g., `/src/chrome/browser/...`)
+2. Create a fixup commit targeting the original patch commit:
+    ```bash
+    cd ..  # to chromium repo
+    git add <modified-file>
+    git commit --fixup=<original-patch-commit-hash>
+    GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR=: git rebase --autosquash --autostash -i <commit>^
+3. Export the updated patch: e patches chromium
+4. Commit the updated patch file in the electron repo following the `references/phase-one-commit-guidelines.md`, then commit changes following those instructions exactly. **READ THESE GUIDELINES BEFORE COMMITTING THESE CHANGES**
+
+To find the original patch commit to fixup: `git log --oneline | grep -i "keyword from patch name"`
+
+The base commit for rebase is the Chromium commit before patches were applied. Find it by checking the `refs/patches/upstream-head` ref.
+
+B. Electron Code Fixes (for files in shell/, electron/, etc.)
+
+When the error is in Electron's own source code:
+
+1. Edit files directly in the electron repo
+2. Commit directly (no patch export needed)
+
+Dependent Patch Updates
+
+IMPORTANT: When you modify a patch, other patches that apply to the same file may have their hunk headers invalidated. After committing a patch fix:
+
+1. Run git status in the electron repo
+2. Look for other modified .patch files with just index/hunk header changes
+3. Commit these with: git commit -m "chore: update patch hunk headers"
+
+# Critical: Read Before Committing
+
+- Before ANY Phase One commits: Read `references/phase-one-commit-guidelines.md`
+- Before ANY Phase Two commits: Read `references/phase-two-commit-guidelines.md`
+
+# Skill Directory Structure
+This skill has additional reference files in `references/`:
+- patch-analysis.md - How to analyze patch failures
+- phase-one-commit-guidelines.md - Commit format for Phase One
+- phase-two-commit-guidelines.md - Commit format for Phase Two
+
+Read these when referenced in the workflow steps.

.claude/skills/electron-chromium-upgrade/references/patch-analysis.md

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# Analyzing Patch Failures
+
+## Investigation Steps
+
+1. **Read the patch file** at `patches/{target}/{patch_name}.patch`
+
+2. **Examine current state** of the file in Chromium at mentioned line numbers
+
+3. **Check recent upstream changes:**
+   ```bash
+   cd ..  # or relevant target repo
+   git log --oneline -10 -- {file}
+   ```
+
+4. **Find Chromium CL** in commit messages:
+   ```
+   Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/{CL_NUMBER}
+   ```
+
+## Common Failure Patterns
+
+| Pattern | Cause | Solution |
+|---------|-------|----------|
+| Context lines don't match | Surrounding code changed | Update context in patch |
+| File not found | File renamed/moved | Update patch target path |
+| Function not found | Refactored upstream | Find new function name |
+| `DCHECK` → `CHECK_IS_TEST` | Macro change | Update to new macro |
+| Deleted code | Feature removed | Verify patch still needed |
+
+## Using Git Blame
+
+To find the CL that changed specific lines:
+
+```bash
+cd ..
+git blame -L {start},{end} -- {file}
+git log -1 {commit_sha}  # Look for Reviewed-on: line
+```
+
+## Verifying Patch Necessity
+
+Before deleting a patch, verify:
+1. The patched functionality was intentionally removed upstream
+2. Electron doesn't need the patch for other reasons
+3. No other code depends on the patched behavior
+
+When in doubt, keep the patch and adapt it.
+
+## Phase Two: Build-Time Patch Issues
+
+Sometimes patches that applied successfully in Phase One cause build errors in Phase Two. This can happen when:
+
+1. **Incomplete types**: A patch disables a header include, but new upstream code uses the type
+2. **Missing members**: A patch modifies a class, but upstream added new code referencing the original
+
+### Finding Which Patch Affects a File
+
+```bash
+grep -l "filename.cc" patches/chromium/*.patch
+```
+
+Matching Existing Patch Patterns
+
+When fixing build errors in patched files, examine the existing patch to understand its style:
+- Does it use #if 0 / #endif guards?
+- Does it use #if BUILDFLAG(...) conditionals?
+- What's the pattern for disabled functionality?
+
+Apply fixes consistent with the existing patch style.

.claude/skills/electron-chromium-upgrade/references/phase-one-commit-guidelines.md

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Phase One Commit Guidelines
+
+Only follow these instructions if there are uncommitted changes to `patches/` after Phase One succeeds.
+
+Ignore other instructions about making commit messages, our guidelines are CRITICALLY IMPORTANT and must be followed.
+
+## Atomic Commits
+
+For each fix made to a patch, create a separate commit:
+
+```
+fix(patch-conflict): {concise title}
+
+{Brief explanation, 1-2 paragraphs max}
+
+Ref: {Chromium CL link}
+```
+
+IMPORTANT: Ensure that any changes made to patch content as a result of a change in Chromium is committed individually. Each change should have it's own commit message and it's own REF.
+
+IMPORTANT: Try really hard to find the CL reference per the instructions below. Each change you made should in theory have been in response to a change made in Chromium that you identified or can identify. Try for a while to identify and include the ref in the commit message. Do not give up easily.
+
+## Finding CL References
+
+Use `git log` or `git blame` on Chromium source files. Look for:
+
+```
+Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/XXXXXXX
+```
+
+If no CL found after searching: `Ref: Unable to locate CL`
+
+## Final Cleanup
+
+After all fix commits, stage remaining changes:
+
+```bash
+git add patches
+git commit -m "chore: update patch hunk headers"
+```
+
+## Example Commit
+
+```
+fix(patch-conflict): update web_contents_impl.cc context for navigation refactor
+
+The upstream navigation code was refactored to use NavigationRequest directly
+instead of going through NavigationController. Updated surrounding context
+to match new code structure.
+
+Ref: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/1234567
+```

.claude/skills/electron-chromium-upgrade/references/phase-two-commit-guidelines.md

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# Phase Two Commit Guidelines
+
+Only follow these instructions if there are uncommitted changes in the Electron repo after any fixes are made during Phase Two that result a target that was failing, successfully building.
+
+Ignore other instructions about making commit messages, our guidelines are CRITICALLY IMPORTANT and must be followed.
+
+## Two Commit Types
+
+### For Electron Source Changes (shell/, electron/, etc.)
+
+```
+{CL-Number}: {concise description of API change}
+
+{Brief explanation of what upstream changed and how Electron was adapted}
+
+Ref: {Chromium CL link}
+```
+
+IMPORTANT: Ensure that any change made to electron as a result of a change in Chromium is committed individually. Each change should have it's own commit message and it's own REF. Logically grouped into commits that make sense rather than one giant commit.
+
+IMPORTANT: Try really hard to find the CL reference per the instructions below. Each change you made should in theory have been in response to a change made in Chromium that you identified or can identify. Try for a while to identify and include the ref in the commit message. Do not give up easily.
+
+You may include multiple "Ref" links if required.
+
+For a CL link in the format `https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/2958369` the "CL-Number" is `2958369`
+
+### For Patch Updates (patches/chromium/*.patch)
+
+Use the same fixup workflow as Phase One:
+1. Fix in Chromium source tree
+2. Fixup commit + rebase
+3. Export with `e patches chromium`
+4. Commit the patch file:
+
+```
+fix(patch-update): {concise description}
+
+{Brief explanation}
+
+Ref: {Chromium CL link}
+```
+
+## Dependent Patch Header Updates
+
+After any patch modification, check for other affected patches:
+
+```bash
+git status
+# If other .patch files show as modified with only hunk header changes:
+git add patches/
+git commit -m "chore: update patch hunk headers"
+```
+
+## Finding CL References
+
+Use git log or git blame on Chromium source files. Look for:
+
+Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/XXXXXXX
+
+If no CL found after searching: Ref: Unable to locate CL
+
+## Example Commits
+
+### Electron Source Fix
+
+fix: update GetPlugins to GetPluginsAsync for API change
+
+The upstream Chromium API changed:
+- Old: GetPlugins(callback) - took a callback
+- New: GetPluginsAsync(callback) - async version takes a callback
+
+Ref: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/1234567
+
+### Patch Fix
+
+fix(patch-conflict): update picture-in-picture for gesture handling refactor
+
+Upstream added new gesture handling code that accesses live caption dialog.
+The live caption functionality is disabled in Electron's patch, so wrapped
+the new code in #if 0 guards to match existing pattern.
+
+Ref: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/7654321

.devcontainer/docker-compose.yml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ version: '3'
 
 services:
   buildtools:
-    image: ghcr.io/electron/devcontainer:933c7d6ff6802706875270bec2e3c891cf8add3f
+    image: ghcr.io/electron/devcontainer:a82b87d7a4f5ff0cab61405f8151ac4cf4942aeb
 
     volumes:
       - ..:/workspaces/gclient/src/electron:cached

.devcontainer/on-create-command.sh

@@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ if [ ! -f $buildtools/configs/evm.testing.json ]; then
             \"gen\": {
                 \"args\": [
                     \"import(\\\"//electron/build/args/testing.gn\\\")\",
-                    \"use_remoteexec = true\"
+                    \"use_remoteexec = true\",
+                    \"use_siso=true\"
                 ],
                 \"out\": \"Testing\"
             },
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ if [ ! -f $buildtools/configs/evm.testing.json ]; then
             },
             \"\$schema\": \"file:///home/builduser/.electron_build_tools/evm-config.schema.json\",
             \"configValidationLevel\": \"strict\",
-            \"remoteBuild\": \"reclient\",
+            \"remoteBuild\": \"siso\",
             \"preserveSDK\": 5
         }
     " >$buildtools/configs/evm.testing.json

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-> [!IMPORTANT]
-> Please note that code reviews and merges will be delayed during our [quiet period in December](https://www.electronjs.org/blog/dec-quiet-period-25) and might not happen until January.
-
 #### Description of Change
 
 <!--
@@ -13,7 +10,7 @@ Contributors guide: https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.
 #### Checklist
 <!-- Remove items that do not apply. For completed items, change [ ] to [x]. -->
 
-- [ ] PR description included and stakeholders cc'd
+- [ ] PR description included
 - [ ] `npm test` passes
 - [ ] tests are [changed or added](https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/main/docs/development/testing.md)
 - [ ] relevant API documentation, tutorials, and examples are updated and follow the [documentation style guide](https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/main/docs/development/style-guide.md)

.github/actions/build-electron/action.yml

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ runs:
         # Upload build stats to Datadog
         if ($env:DD_API_KEY) {
           try {
-            npx node electron\script\build-stats.mjs out\Default\siso.exe.INFO --upload-stats
+            npx node electron\script\build-stats.mjs out\Default\siso.exe.INFO --upload-stats ; $LASTEXITCODE = 0
           } catch {
             Write-Host "Build stats upload failed, continuing..."
           }
@@ -125,6 +125,9 @@ runs:
         fi
         sed $SEDOPTION '/.*builtins-pgo/d' out/Default/mksnapshot_args
         sed $SEDOPTION '/--turbo-profiling-input/d' out/Default/mksnapshot_args
+        sed $SEDOPTION '/--reorder-builtins/d' out/Default/mksnapshot_args
+        sed $SEDOPTION '/--warn-about-builtin-profile-data/d' out/Default/mksnapshot_args
+        sed $SEDOPTION '/--abort-on-bad-builtin-profile-data/d' out/Default/mksnapshot_args
 
         if [ "${{ inputs.target-platform }}" = "win" ]; then
           cd out/Default
@@ -202,7 +205,17 @@ runs:
       if: ${{ inputs.is-release == 'true' }}
       run: |
         cd src
-        gn gen out/ffmpeg --args="import(\"//electron/build/args/ffmpeg.gn\") use_remoteexec=true use_siso=true $GN_EXTRA_ARGS"
+        # Reuse the hermetic mac_sdk_path that `e build` wrote for out/Default so
+        # out/ffmpeg builds against the same SDK instead of the runner's system Xcode.
+        # The path has to live under root_build_dir, so copy the symlink tree and
+        # rewrite Default -> ffmpeg.
+        MAC_SDK_ARG=""
+        if [ "$(uname)" = "Darwin" ]; then
+          mkdir -p out/ffmpeg
+          cp -a out/Default/xcode_links out/ffmpeg/
+          MAC_SDK_ARG=$(sed -n 's|^\(mac_sdk_path = "//out/\)Default/|\1ffmpeg/|p' out/Default/args.gn)
+        fi
+        gn gen out/ffmpeg --args="import(\"//electron/build/args/ffmpeg.gn\") use_remoteexec=true use_siso=true $MAC_SDK_ARG $GN_EXTRA_ARGS"
         e build --target electron:electron_ffmpeg_zip -C ../../out/ffmpeg
     - name: Remove Clang problem matcher
       shell: bash
@@ -216,6 +229,7 @@ runs:
     - name: Publish Electron Dist ${{ inputs.step-suffix }}
       if: ${{ inputs.is-release == 'true' }}
       shell: bash
+      id: github-upload
       run: |
         rm -rf src/out/Default/obj
         cd src/electron
@@ -226,6 +240,11 @@ runs:
           echo 'Uploading Electron release distribution to GitHub releases'
           script/release/uploaders/upload.py --verbose
         fi
+    - name: Generate artifact attestation
+      if: ${{ inputs.is-release == 'true' }}
+      uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@96278af6caaf10aea03fd8d33a09a777ca52d62f # v3.2.0
+      with:
+        subject-path: ${{ steps.github-upload.outputs.UPLOADED_PATHS }}
     - name: Generate siso report
       if: ${{ inputs.target-platform != 'win' && !cancelled() }}
       shell: bash
@@ -265,12 +284,12 @@ runs:
       run: ./src/electron/script/actions/move-artifacts.sh
     - name: Upload Generated Artifacts ${{ inputs.step-suffix }}
       if: always() && !cancelled()
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@65462800fd760344b1a7b4382951275a0abb4808
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f #v7.0.0
       with:
         name: generated_artifacts_${{ env.ARTIFACT_KEY }}
         path: ./generated_artifacts_${{ inputs.artifact-platform }}_${{ inputs.target-arch }}
     - name: Upload Src Artifacts ${{ inputs.step-suffix }}
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@65462800fd760344b1a7b4382951275a0abb4808
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f #v7.0.0
       with:
         name: src_artifacts_${{ env.ARTIFACT_KEY }}
         path: ./src_artifacts_${{ inputs.artifact-platform }}_${{ inputs.target-arch }}

.github/actions/checkout/action.yml

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ runs:
     shell: bash
     run: |
       node src/electron/script/generate-deps-hash.js
-      DEPSHASH="v1-src-cache-$(cat src/electron/.depshash)"
+      DEPSHASH="v2-src-cache-$(cat src/electron/.depshash)"
       echo "DEPSHASH=$DEPSHASH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       echo "CACHE_FILE=$DEPSHASH.tar" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       if [ "${{ inputs.target-platform }}" = "win" ]; then
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ runs:
       curl --unix-socket /var/run/sas/sas.sock --fail "http://foo/$CACHE_FILE?platform=${{ inputs.target-platform }}&getAccountName=true" > sas-token
   - name: Save SAS Key
     if: ${{ inputs.generate-sas-token == 'true' }}
-    uses: actions/cache/save@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
+    uses: actions/cache/save@668228422ae6a00e4ad889ee87cd7109ec5666a7 # v5.0.4
     with:
       path: sas-token
       key: sas-key-${{ inputs.target-platform }}-${{ github.run_number }}-${{ github.run_attempt }}
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ runs:
         echo "target_os=['$TARGET_OS']" >> ./.gclient
       fi
 
-      ELECTRON_USE_THREE_WAY_MERGE_FOR_PATCHES=1 e d gclient sync --with_branch_heads --with_tags -vv
+      ELECTRON_DEPOT_TOOLS_WIN_TOOLCHAIN=0 DEPOT_TOOLS_WIN_TOOLCHAIN=0 ELECTRON_USE_THREE_WAY_MERGE_FOR_PATCHES=1 e d gclient sync --with_branch_heads --with_tags
       if [[ "${{ inputs.is-release }}" != "true" ]]; then
         # Re-export all the patches to check if there were changes.
         python3 src/electron/script/export_all_patches.py src/electron/patches/config.json
@@ -143,11 +143,12 @@ runs:
           echo "No changes to patches detected"
         fi
       fi
-  - name: Remove patch conflict problem matcher
+  - name: Remove patch conflict problem matchers
     shell: bash
     run: |
       echo "::remove-matcher owner=merge-conflict::"
       echo "::remove-matcher owner=patch-conflict::"
+      echo "::remove-matcher owner=patch-needs-update::"
   - name: Upload patches stats
     if: ${{ inputs.target-platform == 'linux' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
     shell: bash
@@ -186,21 +187,35 @@ runs:
     shell: bash
     run: |
       echo "Uncompressed src size: $(du -sh src | cut -f1 -d' ')"
-      tar -cf $CACHE_FILE src
+      # Named .tar but zstd-compressed; the sas-sidecar's filename allowlist
+      # only permits .tar/.tgz so we keep the extension and decode on restore.
+      tar -cf - src | zstd -T0 --long=30 -f -o $CACHE_FILE
       echo "Compressed src to $(du -sh $CACHE_FILE | cut -f1 -d' ')"
-      cp ./$CACHE_FILE $CACHE_DRIVE/
   - name: Persist Src Cache
     if: ${{ steps.check-cache.outputs.cache_exists == 'false' && inputs.use-cache == 'true' }}
     shell: bash
     run: |
       final_cache_path=$CACHE_DRIVE/$CACHE_FILE
+      # Upload to a run-unique temp name first so concurrent readers never
+      # observe a partially-written file, and an interrupted copy can't leave
+      # a truncated file at the final path. Orphaned temp files get swept by
+      # the clean-orphaned-cache-uploads workflow.
+      tmp_cache_path=$final_cache_path.upload-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}-${GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT}
+      echo "Uploading to temp path: $tmp_cache_path"
+      cp ./$CACHE_FILE $tmp_cache_path
+
       echo "Using cache key: $DEPSHASH"
-      echo "Checking path: $final_cache_path"
+      if [ -f "$final_cache_path" ]; then
+        echo "Cache already persisted at $final_cache_path by a concurrent run; discarding ours"
+        rm -f $tmp_cache_path
+      else
+        mv -f $tmp_cache_path $final_cache_path
+        echo "Cache key persisted in $final_cache_path"
+      fi
+
       if [ ! -f "$final_cache_path" ]; then
         echo "Cache key not found"
         exit 1
-      else
-        echo "Cache key persisted in $final_cache_path"
       fi
   - name: Wait for active SSH sessions
     shell: bash

.github/actions/cipd-install/action.yml

@@ -22,30 +22,50 @@ runs:
   steps:
     - name: Delete wrong ${{ inputs.dependency }}
       shell: bash
+      env:
+        CIPD_ROOT_PREFIX: ${{ inputs.cipd-root-prefix-path }}
+        INSTALLATION_DIR: ${{ inputs.installation-dir }}
       run : |
-        rm -rf ${{ inputs.cipd-root-prefix-path }}${{ inputs.installation-dir }}
+        rm -rf "${CIPD_ROOT_PREFIX}${INSTALLATION_DIR}"
     - name: Create ensure file for ${{ inputs.dependency }}
       if: ${{ inputs.dependency-version == '' }}
       shell: bash
+      env:
+        PACKAGE: ${{ inputs.package }}
+        DEPS_FILE: ${{ inputs.deps-file }}
+        INSTALLATION_DIR: ${{ inputs.installation-dir }}
+        DEPENDENCY: ${{ inputs.dependency }}
       run: |
-        echo '${{ inputs.package }}' `e d gclient getdep --deps-file=${{ inputs.deps-file }} -r '${{ inputs.installation-dir }}:${{ inputs.package }}'` > ${{ inputs.dependency }}_ensure_file
-        cat ${{ inputs.dependency }}_ensure_file
+        echo "$PACKAGE" $(e d gclient getdep --deps-file="$DEPS_FILE" -r "${INSTALLATION_DIR}:${PACKAGE}") > "${DEPENDENCY}_ensure_file"
+        cat "${DEPENDENCY}_ensure_file"
 
     - name: Create ensure file for ${{ inputs.dependency }} from dependency-version
       if: ${{ inputs.dependency-version != '' }}
       shell: bash
+      env:
+        PACKAGE: ${{ inputs.package }}
+        DEPENDENCY_VERSION: ${{ inputs.dependency-version }}
+        DEPENDENCY: ${{ inputs.dependency }}
       run: |
-        echo '${{ inputs.package }} ${{ inputs.dependency-version }}'  > ${{ inputs.dependency }}_ensure_file
-        cat ${{ inputs.dependency }}_ensure_file
+        echo "$PACKAGE $DEPENDENCY_VERSION" > "${DEPENDENCY}_ensure_file"
+        cat "${DEPENDENCY}_ensure_file"
     - name: CIPD installation of ${{ inputs.dependency }} (macOS)
       if: ${{ inputs.target-platform != 'win' }}
       shell: bash
+      env:
+        CIPD_ROOT_PREFIX: ${{ inputs.cipd-root-prefix-path }}
+        INSTALLATION_DIR: ${{ inputs.installation-dir }}
+        DEPENDENCY: ${{ inputs.dependency }}
       run: |
-        echo "ensuring ${{ inputs.dependency }}"
-        e d cipd ensure --root ${{ inputs.cipd-root-prefix-path }}${{ inputs.installation-dir }} -ensure-file ${{ inputs.dependency }}_ensure_file
+        echo "ensuring $DEPENDENCY"
+        e d cipd ensure --root "${CIPD_ROOT_PREFIX}${INSTALLATION_DIR}" -ensure-file "${DEPENDENCY}_ensure_file"
     - name: CIPD installation of ${{ inputs.dependency }} (Windows)
       if: ${{ inputs.target-platform == 'win' }}
       shell: powershell
+      env:
+        CIPD_ROOT_PREFIX: ${{ inputs.cipd-root-prefix-path }}
+        INSTALLATION_DIR: ${{ inputs.installation-dir }}
+        DEPENDENCY: ${{ inputs.dependency }}
       run: |
-        echo "ensuring ${{ inputs.dependency }} on Windows"
-        e d cipd ensure --root ${{ inputs.cipd-root-prefix-path }}${{ inputs.installation-dir }} -ensure-file ${{ inputs.dependency }}_ensure_file
+        echo "ensuring $env:DEPENDENCY on Windows"
+        e d cipd ensure --root "$env:CIPD_ROOT_PREFIX$env:INSTALLATION_DIR" -ensure-file "$($env:DEPENDENCY)_ensure_file"

.github/actions/fix-sync/action.yml

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ runs:
         python3 src/tools/clang/scripts/update.py
         # Refs https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/6667681
         python3 src/tools/clang/scripts/update.py --package objdump
+        python3 src/tools/clang/scripts/update.py --package clang-tidy
     - name: Fix esbuild
       if: ${{ inputs.target-platform != 'linux' }}
       uses: ./src/electron/.github/actions/cipd-install
@@ -37,6 +38,22 @@ runs:
         installation-dir: third_party/esbuild
         target-platform: ${{ inputs.target-platform }}
         package: infra/3pp/tools/esbuild/${platform}
+    - name: Fix rollup
+      if: ${{ inputs.target-platform != 'linux' }}
+      uses: ./src/electron/.github/actions/cipd-install
+      with:
+        cipd-root-prefix-path: src/third_party/devtools-frontend/src/
+        dependency: rollup_libs
+        deps-file: src/third_party/devtools-frontend/src/DEPS
+        installation-dir: third_party/rollup_libs
+        target-platform: ${{ inputs.target-platform }}
+        package: infra/3pp/tools/rollup_libs/${platform}
+    - name: Sync native rollup libs
+      if: ${{ inputs.target-platform != 'linux' }}
+      shell: bash
+      run : |
+        cd src/third_party/devtools-frontend/src
+        python3 scripts/deps/sync_rollup_libs.py
     - name: Fix rustc
       if: ${{ inputs.target-platform != 'linux' }}
       shell: bash

.github/actions/install-build-tools/action.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ runs:
         git config --global core.preloadindex true
         git config --global core.longpaths true
       fi
-      export BUILD_TOOLS_SHA=a5d9f9052dcc36ee88bef5c8b13acbefd87b7d8d
+      export BUILD_TOOLS_SHA=a0cc95a1884a631559bcca0c948465b725d9295a
       npm i -g @electron/build-tools
       # Update depot_tools to ensure python
       e d update_depot_tools

.github/actions/install-dependencies/action.yml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ runs:
     shell: bash
     id: yarn-cache-dir-path
     run: echo "dir=$(node src/electron/script/yarn.js config get cacheFolder)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-  - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
+  - uses: actions/cache@668228422ae6a00e4ad889ee87cd7109ec5666a7 # v5.0.4
     id: yarn-cache
     with:
       path: ${{ steps.yarn-cache-dir-path.outputs.dir }}

.github/actions/restore-cache-aks/action.yml

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ runs:
       fi
 
       mkdir temp-cache
-      tar -xf $cache_path -C temp-cache
+      zstd -d --long=30 -c $cache_path | tar -xf - -C temp-cache
       echo "Unzipped cache is $(du -sh temp-cache/src | cut -f1)"
 
       if [ -d "temp-cache/src" ]; then

.github/actions/restore-cache-azcopy/action.yml

@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ runs:
   steps:
   - name: Obtain SAS Key
     continue-on-error: true
-    uses: actions/cache/restore@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
+    uses: actions/cache/restore@668228422ae6a00e4ad889ee87cd7109ec5666a7 # v5.0.4
     with:
       path: sas-token
       key: sas-key-${{ inputs.target-platform }}-${{ github.run_number }}-1
       enableCrossOsArchive: true
   - name: Obtain SAS Key
     continue-on-error: true
-    uses: actions/cache/restore@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
+    uses: actions/cache/restore@668228422ae6a00e4ad889ee87cd7109ec5666a7 # v5.0.4
     with:
       path: sas-token
       key: sas-key-${{ inputs.target-platform }}-${{ github.run_number }}-${{ github.run_attempt }}
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ runs:
     # The cache will always exist here as a result of the checkout job
     # Either it was uploaded to Azure in the checkout job for this commit
     # or it was uploaded in the checkout job for a previous commit.
-    uses: nick-fields/retry@7152eba30c6575329ac0576536151aca5a72780e # v3.0.0
+    uses: nick-fields/retry@ad984534de44a9489a53aefd81eb77f87c70dc60 # v4.0.0
     with:
       timeout_minutes: 30
       max_attempts: 3
@@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ runs:
         echo "Cache is empty - exiting"
         exit 1
       fi
-      
+
       mkdir temp-cache
-      tar -xf $DEPSHASH.tar -C temp-cache
+      zstd -d --long=30 -c $DEPSHASH.tar | tar -xf - -C temp-cache
       echo "Unzipped cache is $(du -sh temp-cache/src | cut -f1)"
 
       if [ -d "temp-cache/src" ]; then
@@ -85,23 +85,21 @@ runs:
 
   - name: Unzip and Ensure Src Cache (Windows)
     if: ${{ inputs.target-platform == 'win' }}
-    shell: powershell
+    shell: bash
     run: |
-      $src_cache = "$env:DEPSHASH.tar"
-      $cache_size = $(Get-Item $src_cache).length
-      Write-Host "Downloaded cache is $cache_size"
-      if ($cache_size -eq 0) {
-        Write-Host "Cache is empty - exiting"
+      echo "Downloaded cache is $(du -sh $DEPSHASH.tar | cut -f1)"
+      if [ `du $DEPSHASH.tar | cut -f1` = "0" ]; then
+        echo "Cache is empty - exiting"
         exit 1
-      }
+      fi
 
-      $TEMP_DIR=New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path temp-cache
-      $TEMP_DIR_PATH = $TEMP_DIR.FullName
-      C:\ProgramData\Chocolatey\bin\7z.exe -y -snld20 x $src_cache -o"$TEMP_DIR_PATH"
+      mkdir temp-cache
+      zstd -d --long=30 -c $DEPSHASH.tar | tar -xf - -C temp-cache
+      rm -f $DEPSHASH.tar
 
   - name: Move Src Cache (Windows)
     if: ${{ inputs.target-platform == 'win' }}
-    uses: nick-fields/retry@7152eba30c6575329ac0576536151aca5a72780e # v3.0.0
+    uses: nick-fields/retry@ad984534de44a9489a53aefd81eb77f87c70dc60 # v4.0.0
     with:
       timeout_minutes: 30
       max_attempts: 3
@@ -112,9 +110,6 @@ runs:
           Write-Host "Relocating Cache"
           Remove-Item -Recurse -Force src
           Move-Item temp-cache\src src
-
-          Write-Host "Deleting zip file"
-          Remove-Item -Force $src_cache
         }
         if (-Not (Test-Path "src\third_party\blink")) {
           Write-Host "Cache was not correctly restored - exiting"

.github/actions/set-chromium-cookie/action.yml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ runs:
     if: ${{ runner.os != 'Windows' }}
     shell: bash
     run: |
-      if [[ -z "${{ env.CHROMIUM_GIT_COOKIE }}" ]]; then
+      if [[ -z "$CHROMIUM_GIT_COOKIE" ]]; then
         echo "CHROMIUM_GIT_COOKIE is not set - cannot authenticate."
         exit 0
       fi
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@ runs:
 
       git config --global http.cookiefile ~/.gitcookies
 
-      tr , \\t <<\__END__ >>~/.gitcookies
-      ${{ env.CHROMIUM_GIT_COOKIE }}
-      __END__
+      echo "$CHROMIUM_GIT_COOKIE" | tr , \\t >>~/.gitcookies
       eval 'set -o history' 2>/dev/null || unsetopt HIST_IGNORE_SPACE 2>/dev/null
 
       RESPONSE=$(curl -s -b ~/.gitcookies https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/a/accounts/self)
@@ -42,7 +40,7 @@ runs:
       )
 
       git config --global http.cookiefile "%USERPROFILE%\.gitcookies"
-      powershell -noprofile -nologo -command Write-Output "${{ env.CHROMIUM_GIT_COOKIE_WINDOWS_STRING }}" >>"%USERPROFILE%\.gitcookies"
+      powershell -noprofile -nologo -command Write-Output $env:CHROMIUM_GIT_COOKIE_WINDOWS_STRING >>"%USERPROFILE%\.gitcookies"
 
       curl -s -b "%USERPROFILE%\.gitcookies" https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/a/accounts/self > response.txt
 

.github/copilot-instructions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+# Copilot Instructions for Electron
+
+## Build System
+
+Electron uses `@electron/build-tools` (`e` CLI). Install with `npm i -g @electron/build-tools`.
+
+```bash
+e sync              # Fetch sources and apply patches
+e build             # Build Electron (GN + Ninja)
+e build -k 999      # Build, continuing through errors
+e start             # Run built Electron
+e start --version   # Verify Electron launches
+e test              # Run full test suite
+e debug             # Run in debugger (lldb on macOS, gdb on Linux)
+```
+
+### Linting
+
+```bash
+npm run lint              # Run all linters (JS, C++, Python, GN, docs)
+npm run lint:js           # JavaScript/TypeScript only
+npm run lint:clang-format # C++ formatting only
+npm run lint:cpp          # C++ linting only
+npm run lint:docs         # Documentation only
+```
+
+### Running a Single Test
+
+```bash
+npm run test -- -g "pattern"   # Run tests matching a regex pattern
+# Example: npm run test -- -g "ipc"
+```
+
+### Running a Single Node.js Test
+
+```bash
+node script/node-spec-runner.js parallel/test-crypto-keygen
+```
+
+## Architecture
+
+Electron embeds Chromium (rendering) and Node.js (backend) to enable desktop apps with web technologies. The parent directory (`../`) is the Chromium source tree.
+
+### Process Model
+
+Electron has two primary process types, mirroring Chromium:
+
+- **Main process** (`shell/browser/` + `lib/browser/`): Controls app lifecycle, creates windows, system APIs
+- **Renderer process** (`shell/renderer/` + `lib/renderer/`): Runs web content in BrowserWindows
+
+### Native ↔ JavaScript Bridge
+
+Each API is implemented as a C++/JS pair:
+
+- C++ side: `shell/browser/api/electron_api_{name}.cc/.h` — uses `gin::Wrappable` and `ObjectTemplateBuilder`
+- JS side: `lib/browser/api/{name}.ts` — exports the module, registered in `lib/browser/api/module-list.ts`
+- Binding: `NODE_LINKED_BINDING_CONTEXT_AWARE(electron_browser_{name}, Initialize)` in C++ and registered in `shell/common/node_bindings.cc`
+- Type declaration: `typings/internal-ambient.d.ts` maps `process._linkedBinding('electron_browser_{name}')`
+
+### Patches System
+
+Electron patches upstream dependencies (Chromium, Node.js, V8, etc.) rather than forking them. Patches live in `patches/` organized by target, with `patches/config.json` mapping directories to repos.
+
+```text
+patches/{target}/*.patch  →  [e sync]   →  target repo commits
+                          ←  [e patches] ←
+```
+
+Key rules:
+
+- Fix existing patches rather than creating new ones
+- Preserve original authorship in TODO comments — never change `TODO(name)` assignees
+- Each patch commit message must explain why the patch exists
+- After modifying patches, run `e patches {target}` to export
+
+When working on the `roller/chromium/main` branch for Chromium upgrades, use `e sync --3` for 3-way merge conflict resolution.
+
+## Conventions
+
+### File Naming
+
+- JS/TS files: kebab-case (`file-name.ts`)
+- C++ files: snake_case with `electron_api_` prefix (`electron_api_safe_storage.cc`)
+- Test files: `api-{module-name}-spec.ts` in `spec/`
+- Source file lists are maintained in `filenames.gni` (with platform-specific sections)
+
+### JavaScript/TypeScript
+
+- Semicolons required (`"semi": ["error", "always"]`)
+- `const` and `let` only (no `var`)
+- Arrow functions preferred
+- Import order enforced: `@electron/internal` → `@electron` → `electron` → external → builtin → relative
+- API naming: `PascalCase` for classes (`BrowserWindow`), `camelCase` for module APIs (`globalShortcut`)
+- Prefer getters/setters over jQuery-style `.text([text])` patterns
+
+### C++
+
+- Follows Chromium coding style, enforced by `clang-format` and `clang-tidy`
+- Uses Chromium abstractions (`base::`, `content::`, etc.)
+- Header guards: `#ifndef ELECTRON_SHELL_BROWSER_API_ELECTRON_API_{NAME}_H_`
+- Platform-specific files: `_mac.mm`, `_win.cc`, `_linux.cc`
+
+### Testing
+
+- Framework: Mocha + Chai + Sinon
+- Test helpers in `spec/lib/` (e.g., `spec-helpers.ts`, `window-helpers.ts`)
+- Use `defer()` from spec-helpers for cleanup, `closeAllWindows()` for window teardown
+- Tests import from `electron/main` or `electron/renderer`
+
+### Documentation
+
+- API docs in `docs/api/` as Markdown, parsed by `@electron/docs-parser` to generate `electron.d.ts`
+- API history tracked via YAML blocks in HTML comments within doc files
+- Docs must pass `npm run lint:docs`
+
+### Build Configuration
+
+- `BUILD.gn`: Main GN build config
+- `buildflags/buildflags.gni`: Feature flags (PDF viewer, extensions, spellchecker)
+- `build/args/`: Build argument profiles (`testing.gn`, `release.gn`, `all.gn`)
+- `DEPS`: Dependency versions and checkout paths
+- `chromium_src/`: Chromium source file overrides (compiled instead of originals)

.github/problem-matchers/markdownlint.json

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "problemMatcher": [
+    {
+      "owner": "markdownlint",
+      "pattern": [
+        {
+          "regexp": "^(.+):(\\d+):(\\d+)\\s+(.*)$",
+          "file": 1,
+          "line": 2,
+          "column": 3,
+          "message": 4
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}

.github/problem-matchers/patch-conflict.json

@@ -19,6 +19,16 @@
           "line": 3
         }
       ]
+    },
+    {
+      "owner": "patch-needs-update",
+      "pattern": [
+        {
+          "regexp": "^((patches\/.*): needs update)$",
+          "message": 1,
+          "file": 2
+        }
+      ]
     }
   ]
 }

.github/workflows/apply-patches.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+name: Apply Patches
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+
+permissions: {}
+
+concurrency:
+  group: apply-patches-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  setup:
+    if: github.repository == 'electron/electron'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: read
+    outputs:
+      has-patches: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.patches }}
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+        ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
+    # Use dorny/paths-filter instead of the path filter under the on: pull_request: block
+    # so that the output can be used to conditionally run the apply-patches job, which lets
+    # the job be marked as a required status check (conditional skip counts as a success).
+    - uses: dorny/paths-filter@de90cc6fb38fc0963ad72b210f1f284cd68cea36 # v3.0.2
+      id: filter
+      with:
+        filters: |
+          patches:
+            - DEPS
+            - 'patches/**'
+
+  apply-patches:
+    needs: setup
+    if: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.has-patches == 'true' }}
+    runs-on: electron-arc-centralus-linux-amd64-32core
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    container:
+      image: ghcr.io/electron/build:a82b87d7a4f5ff0cab61405f8151ac4cf4942aeb
+      options: --user root
+      volumes:
+        - /mnt/cross-instance-cache:/mnt/cross-instance-cache
+        - /var/run/sas:/var/run/sas
+    env:
+      CHROMIUM_GIT_COOKIE: ${{ secrets.CHROMIUM_GIT_COOKIE }}
+      GCLIENT_EXTRA_ARGS: '--custom-var=checkout_arm=True --custom-var=checkout_arm64=True'
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout Electron
+      uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd
+      with:
+        path: src/electron
+        fetch-depth: 0
+        persist-credentials: false
+        ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }}
+    - name: Merge PR HEAD
+      working-directory: src/electron
+      env:
+        PR_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
+      run: |
+        git config user.email "electron@github.com"
+        git config user.name "Electron Bot"
+        git fetch origin refs/pull/${PR_NUMBER}/head
+        git merge --squash FETCH_HEAD
+        git commit -n -m "Squashed commits"
+    - name: Checkout & Sync & Save
+      uses: ./src/electron/.github/actions/checkout
+      with:
+        target-platform: linux
+    - name: Upload Patch Conflict Fix
+      if: ${{ failure() }}
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+      with:
+        name: update-patches
+        path: patches/update-patches.patch
+        if-no-files-found: ignore
+        archive: false

.github/workflows/archaeologist-dig.yml

@@ -19,19 +19,23 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node.js/npm
         uses: actions/setup-node@395ad3262231945c25e8478fd5baf05154b1d79f
         with:
-          node-version: 22.21.x
+          node-version: 24.12.x
       - name: Setting Up Dig Site
+        env:
+          CLONE_URL: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.clone_url }}
+          HEAD_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
+          BASE_REF: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }}
         run: |
-          echo "remote: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.clone_url }}"
-          echo "sha ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}"
-          echo "base ref ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }}"
-          git clone https://github.com/electron/electron.git electron          
+          echo "remote: $CLONE_URL"
+          echo "sha $HEAD_SHA"
+          echo "base ref $BASE_REF"
+          git clone https://github.com/electron/electron.git electron
           cd electron
           mkdir -p artifacts
-          git remote add fork ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.clone_url }} && git fetch fork
-          git checkout  ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
-          git merge-base origin/${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }} HEAD > .dig-old
-          echo  ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }} > .dig-new
+          git remote add fork "$CLONE_URL" && git fetch fork
+          git checkout "$HEAD_SHA"
+          git merge-base "origin/$BASE_REF" HEAD > .dig-old
+          echo "$HEAD_SHA" > .dig-new
           cp .dig-old artifacts
 
       - name: Generating Types for SHA in .dig-new
@@ -45,7 +49,7 @@ jobs:
           sha-file: .dig-old
           filename: electron.old.d.ts
       - name: Upload artifacts
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 #v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f #v6.0.0
         with:
           name: artifacts
           path: electron/artifacts

.github/workflows/build-git-cache.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       contents: read
     container:
-      image: ghcr.io/electron/build:bc2f48b2415a670de18d13605b1cf0eb5fdbaae1
+      image: ghcr.io/electron/build:a82b87d7a4f5ff0cab61405f8151ac4cf4942aeb
       options: --user root
       volumes:
         - /mnt/cross-instance-cache:/mnt/cross-instance-cache
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       contents: read
     container:
-      image: ghcr.io/electron/build:bc2f48b2415a670de18d13605b1cf0eb5fdbaae1
+      image: ghcr.io/electron/build:a82b87d7a4f5ff0cab61405f8151ac4cf4942aeb
       options: --user root --device /dev/fuse --cap-add SYS_ADMIN
       volumes:
         - /mnt/win-cache:/mnt/win-cache
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ jobs:
     # This job updates the same git cache as linux, so it needs to run after the linux one.
     needs: build-git-cache-linux
     container:
-      image: ghcr.io/electron/build:bc2f48b2415a670de18d13605b1cf0eb5fdbaae1
+      image: ghcr.io/electron/build:a82b87d7a4f5ff0cab61405f8151ac4cf4942aeb
       options: --user root
       volumes:
         - /mnt/cross-instance-cache:/mnt/cross-instance-cache

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ on:
       build-image-sha:
         type: string
         description: 'SHA for electron/build image'
-        default: '933c7d6ff6802706875270bec2e3c891cf8add3f'
+        default: 'a82b87d7a4f5ff0cab61405f8151ac4cf4942aeb'
         required: true
       skip-macos:
         type: boolean
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ jobs:
       id: set-output
       run: |
         if [ -z "${{ inputs.build-image-sha }}" ]; then
-          echo "build-image-sha=933c7d6ff6802706875270bec2e3c891cf8add3f" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "build-image-sha=a82b87d7a4f5ff0cab61405f8151ac4cf4942aeb" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
         else
           echo "build-image-sha=${{ inputs.build-image-sha }}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
         fi
@@ -431,3 +431,30 @@ jobs:
     - name: GitHub Actions Jobs Done
       run: |
         echo "All GitHub Actions Jobs are done"
+
+  check-signed-commits:
+    name: Check signed commits in green PR
+    needs: gha-done
+    if: ${{ contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'needs-signed-commits')}}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Check signed commits in PR
+        uses: 1Password/check-signed-commits-action@ed2885f3ed2577a4f5d3c3fe895432a557d23d52 # v1
+        with:
+          comment: |
+            ⚠️ This PR contains unsigned commits. This repository enforces [commit signatures](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification) 
+            for all incoming PRs. To get your PR merged, please sign those commits 
+            (`git rebase --exec 'git commit -S --amend --no-edit -n' @{upstream}`) and force push them to this branch 
+            (`git push --force-with-lease`)
+
+            For more information on signing commits, see GitHub's documentation on [Telling Git about your signing key](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/telling-git-about-your-signing-key).
+
+      - name: Remove needs-signed-commits label
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          PR_URL: ${{ github.event.pull_request.html_url }}
+        run: |
+          gh pr edit $PR_URL --remove-label needs-signed-commits

.github/workflows/clean-orphaned-cache-uploads.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+name: Clean Orphaned Cache Uploads
+
+# Description:
+# Sweeps orphaned in-flight upload temp files left on the src-cache volumes
+# by checkout/action.yml when its cp-to-share step dies before the rename.
+# A successful upload finishes in minutes, so anything older than 4h is dead.
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 */4 * * *"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions: {}
+
+jobs:
+  clean-orphaned-uploads:
+    if: github.repository == 'electron/electron'
+    runs-on: electron-arc-centralus-linux-amd64-32core
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    container:
+      image: ghcr.io/electron/build:bc2f48b2415a670de18d13605b1cf0eb5fdbaae1
+      options: --user root
+      volumes:
+        - /mnt/cross-instance-cache:/mnt/cross-instance-cache
+        - /mnt/win-cache:/mnt/win-cache
+    steps:
+    - name: Remove Orphaned Upload Temp Files
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        find /mnt/cross-instance-cache -maxdepth 1 -type f -name '*.tar.upload-*' -mmin +240 -print -delete
+        find /mnt/win-cache -maxdepth 1 -type f -name '*.tar.upload-*' -mmin +240 -print -delete

.github/workflows/issue-labeled.yml

@@ -61,9 +61,10 @@ jobs:
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           GH_REPO: electron/electron
+          ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
         run: |
           set -eo pipefail
-          COMMENT_COUNT=$(gh issue view ${{ github.event.issue.number }} --comments --json comments | jq '[ .comments[] | select(.author.login == "electron-issue-triage" or .authorAssociation == "OWNER" or .authorAssociation == "MEMBER") | select(.body | startswith("<!-- blocked/need-repro -->")) ] | length')
+          COMMENT_COUNT=$(gh issue view "$ISSUE_NUMBER" --comments --json comments | jq '[ .comments[] | select(.author.login == "electron-issue-triage" or .authorAssociation == "OWNER" or .authorAssociation == "MEMBER") | select(.body | startswith("<!-- blocked/need-repro -->")) ] | length')
           if [[ $COMMENT_COUNT -eq 0 ]]; then
             echo "SHOULD_COMMENT=1" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
           fi
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ jobs:
           creds: ${{ secrets.ISSUE_TRIAGE_GH_APP_CREDS }}
       - name: Create comment
         if: ${{ steps.check-for-comment.outputs.SHOULD_COMMENT }}
-        uses: actions-cool/issues-helper@3809910bc12872edc9b8132f122069ac16cd16ee # v3.7.3
+        uses: actions-cool/issues-helper@e2ff99831a4f13625d35064e2b3dfe65c07a0396 # v3.7.5
         with:
           actions: 'create-comment'
           token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}

.github/workflows/issue-opened.yml

@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ jobs:
             }
       - name: Create unsupported major comment
         if: ${{ steps.add-labels.outputs.unsupportedMajor }}
-        uses: actions-cool/issues-helper@3809910bc12872edc9b8132f122069ac16cd16ee # v3.7.3
+        uses: actions-cool/issues-helper@e2ff99831a4f13625d35064e2b3dfe65c07a0396 # v3.7.5
         with:
           actions: 'create-comment'
           token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}

.github/workflows/issue-unlabeled.yml

@@ -16,9 +16,11 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Check for any blocked labels
         id: check-for-blocked-labels
+        env:
+          LABELS_JSON: ${{ toJSON(github.event.issue.labels.*.name) }}
         run: |
           set -eo pipefail
-          BLOCKED_LABEL_COUNT=$(echo '${{ toJSON(github.event.issue.labels.*.name) }}' | jq '[ .[] | select(startswith("blocked/")) ] | length')
+          BLOCKED_LABEL_COUNT=$(echo "$LABELS_JSON" | jq '[ .[] | select(startswith("blocked/")) ] | length')
           if [[ $BLOCKED_LABEL_COUNT -eq 0 ]]; then
             echo "NOT_BLOCKED=1" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
           fi

.github/workflows/linux-publish.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ on:
       build-image-sha:
         type: string
         description: 'SHA for electron/build image'
-        default: '933c7d6ff6802706875270bec2e3c891cf8add3f'
+        default: 'a82b87d7a4f5ff0cab61405f8151ac4cf4942aeb'
       upload-to-storage:
         description: 'Uploads to Azure storage'
         required: false
@@ -43,9 +43,12 @@ jobs:
       uses: ./src/electron/.github/actions/checkout
 
   publish-x64:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-build.yml
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-publish.yml
     permissions:
+      artifact-metadata: write
+      attestations: write
       contents: read
+      id-token: write
     needs: checkout-linux
     with:
       environment: production-release
@@ -60,9 +63,12 @@ jobs:
     secrets: inherit
 
   publish-arm:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-build.yml
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-publish.yml
     permissions:
+      artifact-metadata: write
+      attestations: write
       contents: read
+      id-token: write
     needs: checkout-linux
     with:
       environment: production-release
@@ -77,9 +83,12 @@ jobs:
     secrets: inherit
 
   publish-arm64:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-build.yml
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-publish.yml
     permissions:
+      artifact-metadata: write
+      attestations: write
       contents: read
+      id-token: write
     needs: checkout-linux
     with:
       environment: production-release

.github/workflows/macos-publish.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ on:
       build-image-sha:
         type: string
         description: 'SHA for electron/build image'
-        default: '933c7d6ff6802706875270bec2e3c891cf8add3f'
+        default: 'a82b87d7a4f5ff0cab61405f8151ac4cf4942aeb'
         required: true
       upload-to-storage:
         description: 'Uploads to Azure storage'
@@ -47,9 +47,12 @@ jobs:
         target-platform: macos
 
   publish-x64-darwin:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-build.yml
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-publish.yml
     permissions:
+      artifact-metadata: write
+      attestations: write
       contents: read
+      id-token: write
     needs: checkout-macos
     with:
       environment: production-release
@@ -64,9 +67,12 @@ jobs:
     secrets: inherit
 
   publish-x64-mas:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-build.yml
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-publish.yml
     permissions:
+      artifact-metadata: write
+      attestations: write
       contents: read
+      id-token: write
     needs: checkout-macos
     with:
       environment: production-release
@@ -81,9 +87,12 @@ jobs:
     secrets: inherit
 
   publish-arm64-darwin:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-build.yml
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-publish.yml
     permissions:
+      artifact-metadata: write
+      attestations: write
       contents: read
+      id-token: write
     needs: checkout-macos
     with:
       environment: production-release
@@ -98,9 +107,12 @@ jobs:
     secrets: inherit
 
   publish-arm64-mas:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-build.yml
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-publish.yml
     permissions:
+      artifact-metadata: write
+      attestations: write
       contents: read
+      id-token: write
     needs: checkout-macos
     with:
       environment: production-release

.github/workflows/non-maintainer-dependency-change.yml

@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ on:
       - '.yarn/**'
       - '.yarnrc.yml'
 
+# SECURITY: This workflow uses pull_request_target and has access to secrets.
+# Do NOT checkout or run code from the PR head. All code execution must use
+# the base branch only. Adding a ref to PR head would expose secrets to
+# untrusted code.
 permissions: {}
 
 jobs:
@@ -45,5 +49,6 @@ jobs:
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           PR_URL: ${{ github.event.pull_request.html_url }}
+          PR_AUTHOR: ${{ github.event.pull_request.user.login }}
         run: |
-          printf "<!-- disallowed-non-maintainer-change -->\n\nHello @${{ github.event.pull_request.user.login }}! It looks like this pull request touches one of our dependency or CI files, and per [our contribution policy](https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#dependencies-upgrades-policy) we do not accept these types of changes in PRs." | gh pr review $PR_URL -r --body-file=-
+          printf "<!-- disallowed-non-maintainer-change -->\n\nHello @${PR_AUTHOR}! It looks like this pull request touches one of our dependency or CI files, and per [our contribution policy](https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#dependencies-upgrades-policy) we do not accept these types of changes in PRs." | gh pr review $PR_URL -r --body-file=-

.github/workflows/pipeline-electron-docs-only.yml

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Generate DEPS Hash
       run: |
         node src/electron/script/generate-deps-hash.js
-        DEPSHASH=v1-src-cache-$(cat src/electron/.depshash)
+        DEPSHASH=v2-src-cache-$(cat src/electron/.depshash)
         echo "DEPSHASH=$DEPSHASH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
         echo "CACHE_PATH=$DEPSHASH.tar" >> $GITHUB_ENV
     - name: Restore src cache via AKS

.github/workflows/pipeline-electron-lint.yml

@@ -46,7 +46,11 @@ jobs:
       shell: bash
       run: |
         chromium_revision="$(grep -A1 chromium_version src/electron/DEPS | tr -d '\n' | cut -d\' -f4)"
-        gn_version="$(curl -sL "https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/${chromium_revision}/DEPS?format=TEXT" | base64 -d | grep gn_version | head -n1 | cut -d\' -f4)"
+        if [[ ! "$chromium_revision" =~ ^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+$ ]]; then
+          echo "::error::Invalid chromium_revision: $chromium_revision"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+        gn_version="$(curl -sL "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chromium/chromium/refs/tags/${chromium_revision}/DEPS" | grep gn_version | head -n1 | cut -d\' -f4)"
 
         cipd ensure -ensure-file - -root . <<-CIPD
         \$ServiceURL https://chrome-infra-packages.appspot.com/
@@ -60,14 +64,20 @@ jobs:
       shell: bash
       run: |
         chromium_revision="$(grep -A1 chromium_version src/electron/DEPS | tr -d '\n' | cut -d\' -f4)"
+        if [[ ! "$chromium_revision" =~ ^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+$ ]]; then
+          echo "::error::Invalid chromium_revision: $chromium_revision"
+          exit 1
+        fi
 
         mkdir -p src/buildtools
-        curl -sL "https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/${chromium_revision}/buildtools/DEPS?format=TEXT" | base64 -d > src/buildtools/DEPS
+        curl -sL "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chromium/chromium/refs/tags/${chromium_revision}/buildtools/DEPS" > src/buildtools/DEPS
 
         gclient sync --spec="solutions=[{'name':'src/buildtools','url':None,'deps_file':'DEPS','custom_vars':{'process_deps':True},'managed':False}]"
-    - name: Add ESLint problem matcher
+    - name: Add problem matchers
       shell: bash
-      run: echo "::add-matcher::src/electron/.github/problem-matchers/eslint-stylish.json"
+      run: |
+        echo "::add-matcher::src/electron/.github/problem-matchers/eslint-stylish.json"
+        echo "::add-matcher::src/electron/.github/problem-matchers/markdownlint.json"
     - name: Run Lint
       shell: bash
       run: |
@@ -85,4 +95,8 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         cd src/electron
         node script/yarn.js tsc -p tsconfig.script.json
-    
+    - name: Check GHA Workflows
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        cd src/electron
+        node script/copy-pipeline-segment-publish.js --check

.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-build.yml

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Generate DEPS Hash
       run: |
         node src/electron/script/generate-deps-hash.js
-        DEPSHASH=v1-src-cache-$(cat src/electron/.depshash)
+        DEPSHASH=v2-src-cache-$(cat src/electron/.depshash)
         echo "DEPSHASH=$DEPSHASH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
         echo "CACHE_PATH=$DEPSHASH.tar" >> $GITHUB_ENV
     - name: Restore src cache via AZCopy

.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-gn-check.yml

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Generate DEPS Hash
       run: |
         node src/electron/script/generate-deps-hash.js
-        DEPSHASH=v1-src-cache-$(cat src/electron/.depshash)
+        DEPSHASH=v2-src-cache-$(cat src/electron/.depshash)
         echo "DEPSHASH=$DEPSHASH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
         echo "CACHE_PATH=$DEPSHASH.tar" >> $GITHUB_ENV
     - name: Restore src cache via AZCopy

.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-publish.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+# AUTOGENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+# ONLY EDIT .github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-build.yml
+
+name: Pipeline Segment - Electron Build
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      environment:
+        description: using the production or testing environment
+        required: false
+        type: string
+      target-platform:
+        type: string
+        description: Platform to run on, can be macos, win or linux
+        required: true
+      target-arch:
+        type: string
+        description: Arch to build for, can be x64, arm64, ia32 or arm
+        required: true
+      target-variant:
+        type: string
+        description: Variant to build for, no effect on non-macOS target platforms. Can
+          be darwin, mas or all.
+        default: all
+      build-runs-on:
+        type: string
+        description: What host to run the build
+        required: true
+      build-container:
+        type: string
+        description: JSON container information for aks runs-on
+        required: false
+        default: '{"image":null}'
+      is-release:
+        description: Whether this build job is a release job
+        required: true
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
+      gn-build-type:
+        description: The gn build type - testing or release
+        required: true
+        type: string
+        default: testing
+      generate-symbols:
+        description: Whether or not to generate symbols
+        required: true
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
+      upload-to-storage:
+        description: Whether or not to upload build artifacts to external storage
+        required: true
+        type: string
+        default: "0"
+      is-asan:
+        description: Building the Address Sanitizer (ASan) Linux build
+        required: false
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
+      enable-ssh:
+        description: Enable SSH debugging
+        required: false
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
+permissions: {}
+concurrency:
+  group: electron-build-${{ inputs.target-platform }}-${{ inputs.target-arch
+    }}-${{ inputs.target-variant }}-${{ inputs.is-asan }}-${{
+    github.ref_protected == true && github.run_id || github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref_protected != true }}
+env:
+  CHROMIUM_GIT_COOKIE: ${{ secrets.CHROMIUM_GIT_COOKIE }}
+  CHROMIUM_GIT_COOKIE_WINDOWS_STRING: ${{ secrets.CHROMIUM_GIT_COOKIE_WINDOWS_STRING }}
+  DD_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.DD_API_KEY }}
+  ELECTRON_ARTIFACTS_BLOB_STORAGE: ${{ secrets.ELECTRON_ARTIFACTS_BLOB_STORAGE }}
+  ELECTRON_RBE_JWT: ${{ secrets.ELECTRON_RBE_JWT }}
+  SUDOWOODO_EXCHANGE_URL: ${{ secrets.SUDOWOODO_EXCHANGE_URL }}
+  SUDOWOODO_EXCHANGE_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SUDOWOODO_EXCHANGE_TOKEN }}
+  GCLIENT_EXTRA_ARGS: ${{ inputs.target-platform == 'macos' &&
+    '--custom-var=checkout_mac=True --custom-var=host_os=mac' ||
+    inputs.target-platform == 'win' && '--custom-var=checkout_win=True' ||
+    '--custom-var=checkout_arm=True --custom-var=checkout_arm64=True' }}
+  ELECTRON_OUT_DIR: Default
+  ACTIONS_STEP_DEBUG: ${{ secrets.ACTIONS_STEP_DEBUG }}
+jobs:
+  build:
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash
+    runs-on: ${{ inputs.build-runs-on }}
+    permissions:
+      artifact-metadata: write
+      attestations: write
+      contents: read
+      id-token: write
+    container: ${{ fromJSON(inputs.build-container) }}
+    environment: ${{ inputs.environment }}
+    env:
+      TARGET_ARCH: ${{ inputs.target-arch }}
+      TARGET_PLATFORM: ${{ inputs.target-platform }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Create src dir
+        run: |
+          mkdir src
+      - name: Checkout Electron
+        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8
+        with:
+          path: src/electron
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
+      - name: Setup SSH Debugging
+        if: ${{ inputs.target-platform == 'macos' && (inputs.enable-ssh ||
+          env.ACTIONS_STEP_DEBUG == 'true') }}
+        uses: ./src/electron/.github/actions/ssh-debug
+        with:
+          tunnel: "true"
+        env:
+          CLOUDFLARE_TUNNEL_CERT: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_TUNNEL_CERT }}
+          CLOUDFLARE_TUNNEL_HOSTNAME: ${{ vars.CLOUDFLARE_TUNNEL_HOSTNAME }}
+          CLOUDFLARE_USER_CA_CERT: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_USER_CA_CERT }}
+          AUTHORIZED_USERS: ${{ secrets.SSH_DEBUG_AUTHORIZED_USERS }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Free up space (macOS)
+        if: ${{ inputs.target-platform == 'macos' }}
+        uses: ./src/electron/.github/actions/free-space-macos
+      - name: Check disk space after freeing up space
+        if: ${{ inputs.target-platform == 'macos' }}
+        run: df -h
+      - name: Setup Node.js/npm
+        if: ${{ inputs.target-platform == 'macos' }}
+        uses: actions/setup-node@395ad3262231945c25e8478fd5baf05154b1d79f
+        with:
+          node-version: 22.21.x
+          cache: yarn
+          cache-dependency-path: src/electron/yarn.lock
+      - name: Install Dependencies
+        uses: ./src/electron/.github/actions/install-dependencies
+      - name: Install AZCopy
+        if: ${{ inputs.target-platform == 'macos' }}
+        run: brew install azcopy
+      - name: Set GN_EXTRA_ARGS for Linux
+        if: ${{ inputs.target-platform == 'linux' }}
+        run: >
+          if [ "${{ inputs.target-arch  }}" = "arm" ]; then
+            if [ "${{ inputs.is-release  }}" = true ]; then
+              GN_EXTRA_ARGS='target_cpu="arm" build_tflite_with_xnnpack=false symbol_level=1'
+            else
+              GN_EXTRA_ARGS='target_cpu="arm" build_tflite_with_xnnpack=false'
+            fi
+          elif [ "${{ inputs.target-arch }}" = "arm64" ]; then
+            GN_EXTRA_ARGS='target_cpu="arm64" fatal_linker_warnings=false enable_linux_installer=false'
+          elif [ "${{ inputs.is-asan }}" = true ]; then
+            GN_EXTRA_ARGS='is_asan=true'
+          fi
+
+          echo "GN_EXTRA_ARGS=$GN_EXTRA_ARGS" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: Set Chromium Git Cookie
+        uses: ./src/electron/.github/actions/set-chromium-cookie
+      - name: Install Build Tools
+        uses: ./src/electron/.github/actions/install-build-tools
+      - name: Generate DEPS Hash
+        run: |
+          node src/electron/script/generate-deps-hash.js
+          DEPSHASH=v2-src-cache-$(cat src/electron/.depshash)
+          echo "DEPSHASH=$DEPSHASH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "CACHE_PATH=$DEPSHASH.tar" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: Restore src cache via AZCopy
+        if: ${{ inputs.target-platform != 'linux' }}
+        uses: ./src/electron/.github/actions/restore-cache-azcopy
+        with:
+          target-platform: ${{ inputs.target-platform }}
+      - name: Restore src cache via AKS
+        if: ${{ inputs.target-platform == 'linux' }}
+        uses: ./src/electron/.github/actions/restore-cache-aks
+      - name: Checkout Electron
+        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8
+        with:
+          path: src/electron
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
+      - name: Fix Sync
+        if: ${{ inputs.target-platform != 'linux' }}
+        uses: ./src/electron/.github/actions/fix-sync
+        with:
+          target-platform: ${{ inputs.target-platform }}
+        env:
+          ELECTRON_DEPOT_TOOLS_DISABLE_LOG: true
+      - name: Init Build Tools
+        run: >
+          e init -f --root=$(pwd) --out=Default ${{ inputs.gn-build-type }}
+          --import ${{ inputs.gn-build-type }} --target-cpu ${{
+          inputs.target-arch }} --remote-build siso
+      - name: Run Electron Only Hooks
+        run: |
+          e d gclient runhooks --spec="solutions=[{'name':'src/electron','url':None,'deps_file':'DEPS','custom_vars':{'process_deps':False},'managed':False}]"
+      - name: Regenerate DEPS Hash
+        run: >
+          (cd src/electron && git checkout .) && node
+          src/electron/script/generate-deps-hash.js
+
+          echo "DEPSHASH=$(cat src/electron/.depshash)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: Add CHROMIUM_BUILDTOOLS_PATH to env
+        run: echo "CHROMIUM_BUILDTOOLS_PATH=$(pwd)/src/buildtools" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: Free up space (macOS)
+        if: ${{ inputs.target-platform == 'macos' }}
+        uses: ./src/electron/.github/actions/free-space-macos
+      - name: Build Electron
+        if: ${{ inputs.target-platform != 'macos' || (inputs.target-variant == 'all' ||
+          inputs.target-variant == 'darwin') }}
+        uses: ./src/electron/.github/actions/build-electron
+        with:
+          target-arch: ${{ inputs.target-arch }}
+          target-platform: ${{ inputs.target-platform }}
+          artifact-platform: ${{ inputs.target-platform == 'macos' && 'darwin' ||
+            inputs.target-platform }}
+          is-release: ${{ inputs.is-release }}
+          generate-symbols: ${{ inputs.generate-symbols }}
+          upload-to-storage: ${{ inputs.upload-to-storage }}
+          is-asan: ${{ inputs.is-asan }}
+      - name: Set GN_EXTRA_ARGS for MAS Build
+        if: ${{ inputs.target-platform == 'macos' && (inputs.target-variant == 'all' ||
+          inputs.target-variant == 'mas') }}
+        run: |
+          echo "MAS_BUILD=true" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          GN_EXTRA_ARGS='is_mas_build=true'
+          echo "GN_EXTRA_ARGS=$GN_EXTRA_ARGS" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: Build Electron (MAS)
+        if: ${{ inputs.target-platform == 'macos' && (inputs.target-variant == 'all' ||
+          inputs.target-variant == 'mas') }}
+        uses: ./src/electron/.github/actions/build-electron
+        with:
+          target-arch: ${{ inputs.target-arch }}
+          target-platform: ${{ inputs.target-platform }}
+          artifact-platform: mas
+          is-release: ${{ inputs.is-release }}
+          generate-symbols: ${{ inputs.generate-symbols }}
+          upload-to-storage: ${{ inputs.upload-to-storage }}
+          step-suffix: (mas)

.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-test.yml

@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ env:
   ELECTRON_OUT_DIR: Default
   ELECTRON_RBE_JWT: ${{ secrets.ELECTRON_RBE_JWT }}
   ACTIONS_STEP_DEBUG: ${{ secrets.ACTIONS_STEP_DEBUG }}
+  # @sentry/cli is only needed by release upload-symbols.py; skip the ~17MB CDN download on test jobs
+  SENTRYCLI_SKIP_DOWNLOAD: 1
 
 jobs:
   test:
@@ -168,12 +170,12 @@ jobs:
         echo "DISABLE_CRASH_REPORTER_TESTS=true" >> $GITHUB_ENV
         echo "IS_ASAN=true" >> $GITHUB_ENV
     - name: Download Generated Artifacts
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131
       with:
         name: generated_artifacts_${{ env.ARTIFACT_KEY }}
         path: ./generated_artifacts_${{ matrix.build-type }}_${{ inputs.target-arch }}
     - name: Download Src Artifacts
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131
       with:
         name: src_artifacts_${{ env.ARTIFACT_KEY }}
         path: ./src_artifacts_${{ matrix.build-type }}_${{ inputs.target-arch }}
@@ -191,15 +193,25 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         cd src/out/Default
         unzip -:o dist.zip
-    #- name: Import & Trust Self-Signed Codesigning Cert on MacOS
-    #  if: ${{ inputs.target-platform == 'macos' && inputs.target-arch == 'x64' }}
-    #  run: |
-    #    sudo security authorizationdb write com.apple.trust-settings.admin allow
-    #    cd src/electron
-    #    ./script/codesign/generate-identity.sh
+    - name: Import & Trust Self-Signed Codesigning Cert on MacOS
+      if: ${{ inputs.target-platform == 'macos' }}
+      run: |
+        cd src/electron
+        ./script/codesign/generate-identity.sh
+    # Only sign on x64 — arm64 builds are already ad-hoc signed, and re-signing
+    # with an untrusted cert breaks macOS system integrations (e.g. dock bounce).
+    # Autoupdater tests sign their own fixture copies via signApp().
+    - name: Sign Electron.app for macOS tests
+      if: ${{ inputs.target-platform == 'macos' && inputs.target-arch == 'x64' }}
+      run: |
+        identity=$(src/electron/script/codesign/get-trusted-identity.sh)
+        if [ -n "$identity" ]; then
+          codesign -s "$identity" --deep --force src/out/Default/Electron.app
+        fi
 
     - name: Run Electron Tests
       shell: bash
+      timeout-minutes: 40
       env:
         MOCHA_REPORTER: mocha-multi-reporters
         MOCHA_MULTI_REPORTERS: mocha-junit-reporter, tap
@@ -250,6 +262,19 @@ jobs:
             
           fi
         fi
+    - name: Take screenshot on timeout or cancellation
+      if: ${{ inputs.target-platform != 'linux' && (cancelled() || failure()) }}
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        screenshot_dir="src/electron/spec/artifacts"
+        mkdir -p "$screenshot_dir"
+        screenshot_file="$screenshot_dir/screenshot-timeout-$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S).png"
+        if [ "${{ inputs.target-platform }}" = "macos" ]; then
+          screencapture -x "$screenshot_file" || true
+        elif [ "${{ inputs.target-platform }}" = "win" ]; then
+          powershell -command "Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms; \$screen = [System.Windows.Forms.Screen]::PrimaryScreen.Bounds; \$bitmap = New-Object System.Drawing.Bitmap(\$screen.Width, \$screen.Height); \$graphics = [System.Drawing.Graphics]::FromImage(\$bitmap); \$graphics.CopyFromScreen(\$screen.Location, [System.Drawing.Point]::Empty, \$screen.Size); \$bitmap.Save('$screenshot_file')" || true
+        fi
+
     - name: Upload Test results to Datadog
       env:
         DD_ENV: ci
@@ -265,8 +290,8 @@ jobs:
         fi
       if: always() && !cancelled()
     - name: Upload Test Artifacts
-      if: always() && !cancelled()
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4
+      if: always()
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f #v7.0.0
       with:
         name: test_artifacts_${{ env.ARTIFACT_KEY }}_${{ matrix.shard }}
         path: src/electron/spec/artifacts

.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-node-nan-test.yml

@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ env:
   CHROMIUM_GIT_COOKIE: ${{ secrets.CHROMIUM_GIT_COOKIE }}
   ELECTRON_OUT_DIR: Default
   ELECTRON_RBE_JWT: ${{ secrets.ELECTRON_RBE_JWT }}
+  # @sentry/cli is only needed by release upload-symbols.py; skip the ~17MB CDN download on test jobs
+  SENTRYCLI_SKIP_DOWNLOAD: 1
 
 jobs:
   node-tests:
@@ -65,12 +67,12 @@ jobs:
     - name: Install Dependencies
       uses: ./src/electron/.github/actions/install-dependencies
     - name: Download Generated Artifacts
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131
       with:
         name: generated_artifacts_${{ env.BUILD_TYPE }}_${{ env.TARGET_ARCH }}
         path: ./generated_artifacts_${{ env.BUILD_TYPE }}_${{ env.TARGET_ARCH }}
     - name: Download Src Artifacts
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131
       with:
         name: src_artifacts_linux_${{ env.TARGET_ARCH }}
         path: ./src_artifacts_linux_${{ env.TARGET_ARCH }}
@@ -121,12 +123,12 @@ jobs:
     - name: Install Dependencies
       uses: ./src/electron/.github/actions/install-dependencies
     - name: Download Generated Artifacts
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131
       with:
         name: generated_artifacts_${{ env.BUILD_TYPE }}_${{ env.TARGET_ARCH }}
         path: ./generated_artifacts_${{ env.BUILD_TYPE }}_${{ env.TARGET_ARCH }}
     - name: Download Src Artifacts
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131
       with:
         name: src_artifacts_linux_${{ env.TARGET_ARCH }}
         path: ./src_artifacts_linux_${{ env.TARGET_ARCH }}

.github/workflows/pull-request-labeled.yml

@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ on:
   pull_request_target:
     types: [labeled]
 
+# SECURITY: This workflow uses pull_request_target and has access to secrets.
+# Do NOT checkout or run code from the PR head. All code execution must use
+# the base branch only. Adding a ref to PR head would expose secrets to
+# untrusted code.
 permissions: {}
 
 jobs:

.github/workflows/pull-request-opened-synchronized.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+name: Pull Request Opened/Synchronized
+
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+    types: [opened, synchronize]
+
+# SECURITY: This workflow uses pull_request_target and has access to secrets.
+# Do NOT checkout or run code from the PR head. All code execution must use
+# the base branch only. Adding a ref to PR head would expose secrets to
+# untrusted code.
+permissions: {}
+
+jobs:
+  check-signed-commits:
+    name: Check signed commits in PR
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'needs-signed-commits')}}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Check signed commits in PR
+        uses: 1Password/check-signed-commits-action@ed2885f3ed2577a4f5d3c3fe895432a557d23d52 # v1
+        with:
+          comment: |
+            ⚠️ This PR contains unsigned commits. This repository enforces [commit signatures](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification) 
+            for all incoming PRs. To get your PR merged, please sign those commits 
+            (`git rebase --exec 'git commit -S --amend --no-edit -n' @{upstream}`) and force push them to this branch 
+            (`git push --force-with-lease`)
+
+            For more information on signing commits, see GitHub's documentation on [Telling Git about your signing key](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/telling-git-about-your-signing-key).
+
+      - name: Add needs-signed-commits label
+        if: ${{ failure() }}
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          PR_URL: ${{ github.event.pull_request.html_url }}
+        run: |
+          gh pr edit $PR_URL --add-label needs-signed-commits

.github/workflows/rerun-apply-patches.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+name: Rerun PR Apply Patches
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+      - '[1-9][0-9]-x-y'
+    paths:
+      - 'DEPS'
+      - 'patches/**'
+
+permissions: {}
+
+jobs:
+  rerun-apply-patches:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      actions: write
+      checks: read
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: read
+    steps:
+      - name: Find PRs and Rerun Apply Patches
+        env:
+          GH_REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          BRANCH="${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/}"
+
+          # Find all open PRs targeting this branch
+          PRS=$(gh pr list --base "$BRANCH" --state open --limit 250 --json number)
+
+          echo "$PRS" | jq -c '.[]' | while read -r pr; do
+            PR_NUMBER=$(echo "$pr" | jq -r '.number')
+            echo "Processing PR #${PR_NUMBER}"
+
+            # Find the Apply Patches workflow check for this PR
+            CHECK=$(gh pr view "$PR_NUMBER" --json statusCheckRollup --jq '[.statusCheckRollup[] | select(.workflowName == "Apply Patches" and .name == "apply-patches")] | first')
+
+            if [ -z "$CHECK" ] || [ "$CHECK" = "null" ]; then
+              echo "  No Apply Patches workflow found for PR #${PR_NUMBER}"
+              continue
+            fi
+
+            CONCLUSION=$(echo "$CHECK" | jq -r '.conclusion')
+            if [ "$CONCLUSION" = "SKIPPED" ]; then
+              echo "  apply-patches job was skipped for PR #${PR_NUMBER} (no patches)"
+              continue
+            fi
+
+            LINK=$(echo "$CHECK" | jq -r '.detailsUrl')
+
+            # Extract the run ID from the link (format: .../runs/RUN_ID/job/JOB_ID)
+            RUN_ID=$(echo "$LINK" | grep -oE 'runs/[0-9]+' | cut -d'/' -f2)
+
+            if [ -z "$RUN_ID" ]; then
+              echo "  Could not extract run ID from link: ${LINK}"
+              continue
+            fi
+
+            # Check if the workflow is currently in progress
+            RUN_STATUS=$(gh run view "$RUN_ID" --json status --jq '.status')
+
+            if [ "$RUN_STATUS" = "in_progress" ] || [ "$RUN_STATUS" = "queued" ] || [ "$RUN_STATUS" = "waiting" ]; then
+              echo "  Workflow run ${RUN_ID} is ${RUN_STATUS}, cancelling..."
+              gh run cancel "$RUN_ID" --force
+              gh run watch "$RUN_ID"
+            fi
+
+            gh run rerun "$RUN_ID"
+          done

.github/workflows/scorecards.yml

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
       # Upload the results as artifacts (optional). Commenting out will disable uploads of run results in SARIF
       # format to the repository Actions tab.
       - name: "Upload artifact"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
         with:
           name: SARIF file
           path: results.sarif
@@ -50,6 +50,6 @@ jobs:
 
       # Upload the results to GitHub's code scanning dashboard.
       - name: "Upload to code-scanning"
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@cf1bb45a277cb3c205638b2cd5c984db1c46a412 # v3.29.5
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@cdefb33c0f6224e58673d9004f47f7cb3e328b89 # v3.29.5
         with:
           sarif_file: results.sarif

.github/workflows/update-website-docs.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+name: Update Website Docs
+
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [published]
+
+permissions: {}
+
+jobs:
+  update-website-docs:
+    name: Update Website Docs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    environment: website-docs-updater
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      id-token: write # needed for secret-service-action
+    steps:
+      - name: Get GitHub App token
+        id: secret-service
+        uses: electron/secret-service-action@3476425e8b30555aac15b1b7096938e254b0e155 # v1.0.0
+      - name: Check if this release is the latest
+        id: check-if-latest-release
+        env:
+          GH_REPO: electron/electron
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          LATEST_RELEASE_TAG="$(gh release view --json tagName --jq '.tagName')"
+          if [ "$LATEST_RELEASE_TAG" = "${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}" ]; then
+            echo "isLatestRelease=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          else
+            echo "isLatestRelease=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          fi
+      - name: Trigger website docs update
+        if: ${{ steps.check-if-latest-release.outputs.isLatestRelease == 'true' }}
+        env:
+          GH_REPO: electron/website
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ fromJSON(steps.secret-service.outputs.secrets).WEBSITE_DOCS_UPDATER_APP_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          gh workflow run update-docs.yml -f sha=$GITHUB_SHA

.github/workflows/windows-publish.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ on:
       build-image-sha:
         type: string
         description: 'SHA for electron/build image'
-        default: '933c7d6ff6802706875270bec2e3c891cf8add3f'
+        default: 'a82b87d7a4f5ff0cab61405f8151ac4cf4942aeb'
         required: true
       upload-to-storage:
         description: 'Uploads to Azure storage'
@@ -51,9 +51,12 @@ jobs:
         target-platform: win
 
   publish-x64-win:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-build.yml
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-publish.yml
     permissions:
+      artifact-metadata: write
+      attestations: write
       contents: read
+      id-token: write
     needs: checkout-windows
     with:
       environment: production-release
@@ -67,9 +70,12 @@ jobs:
     secrets: inherit
 
   publish-arm64-win:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-build.yml
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-publish.yml
     permissions:
+      artifact-metadata: write
+      attestations: write
       contents: read
+      id-token: write
     needs: checkout-windows
     with:
       environment: production-release
@@ -83,9 +89,12 @@ jobs:
     secrets: inherit
 
   publish-x86-win:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-build.yml
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/pipeline-segment-electron-publish.yml
     permissions:
+      artifact-metadata: write
+      attestations: write
       contents: read
+      id-token: write
     needs: checkout-windows
     with:
       environment: production-release

.gitignore

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ spec/.hash
 
 # Generated native addon files
 /spec/fixtures/native-addon/echo/build/
+/spec/fixtures/native-addon/dialog-helper/build/
 
 # If someone runs tsc this is where stuff will end up
 ts-gen

.yarnrc.yml

@@ -9,4 +9,8 @@ npmMinimalAgeGate: 10080
 npmPreapprovedPackages:
   - "@electron/*"
 
+httpProxy: "${HTTP_PROXY:-}"
+
+httpsProxy: "${HTTPS_PROXY:-}"
+
 yarnPath: .yarn/releases/yarn-4.12.0.cjs

BUILD.gn

@@ -502,6 +502,7 @@ source_set("electron_lib") {
     "//third_party/blink/public/platform/media",
     "//third_party/boringssl",
     "//third_party/electron_node:libnode",
+    "//third_party/highway:libhwy",
     "//third_party/inspector_protocol:crdtp",
     "//third_party/leveldatabase",
     "//third_party/libyuv",

CLAUDE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+# Electron Development Guide
+
+## Project Overview
+
+Electron is a framework for building cross-platform desktop applications using web technologies. It embeds Chromium for rendering and Node.js for backend functionality.
+
+## Directory Structure
+
+```text
+electron/                 # This repo (run `e` commands here)
+├── shell/               # Core C++ application code
+│   ├── browser/         # Main process implementation (107+ API modules)
+│   ├── renderer/        # Renderer process code
+│   ├── common/          # Shared code between processes
+│   ├── app/             # Application entry points
+│   └── services/        # Node.js service integration
+├── lib/                 # TypeScript/JavaScript library code
+│   ├── browser/         # Main process JS (47 API implementations)
+│   ├── renderer/        # Renderer process JS
+│   └── common/          # Shared JS modules
+├── patches/             # Patches for upstream dependencies
+│   ├── chromium/        # ~159 patches to Chromium
+│   ├── node/            # ~48 patches to Node.js
+│   └── ...              # Other targets (v8, boringssl, etc.)
+├── spec/                # Test suite (1189+ TypeScript test files)
+├── docs/                # API documentation and guides
+├── build/               # Build configuration
+├── script/              # Build and automation scripts
+└── chromium_src/        # Chromium source overrides
+../                      # Parent directory is Chromium source
+```
+
+## Build Tools Setup
+
+Electron uses `@electron/build-tools` for development. The `e` command is the primary CLI.
+
+**Installation:**
+
+```bash
+npm i -g @electron/build-tools
+```
+
+**Configuration location:** `~/.electron_build_tools/configs/`
+
+## Essential Commands
+
+### Configuration Management
+
+| Command | Purpose |
+|---------|---------|
+| `e init <name> --root=<path> --bootstrap testing` | Create new build config and sync |
+| `e use <name>` | Switch to a different build configuration |
+| `e show current` | Display active configuration name |
+| `e show configs` | List all available configurations |
+
+### Build & Development Loop
+
+| Command | Purpose |
+|---------|---------|
+| `e sync` | Fetch/update all source code and apply patches |
+| `e sync --3` | Sync with 3-way merge (required for Chromium upgrades) |
+| `e build` | Build Electron (runs GN + Ninja) |
+| `e build -k 999` | Build and continue on errors (up to 999) |
+| `e build -t <target>` | Build specific target (e.g., `electron:node_headers`) |
+| `e start` | Run the built Electron executable |
+| `e start --version` | Verify Electron launches and print version |
+| `e test` | Run the test suite |
+| `e debug` | Run Electron in debugger (lldb on macOS, gdb on Linux) |
+
+### Patch Management
+
+| Command | Purpose |
+|---------|---------|
+| `e patches <target>` | Export patches for a target (chromium, node, v8, etc.) |
+| `e patches all` | Export all patches from all targets |
+| `e patches --list-targets` | List available patch targets |
+
+## Typical Development Workflow
+
+```bash
+# 1. Ensure you're on the right config
+e show current
+
+# 2. Sync to get latest code
+e sync
+
+# 3. Make your changes in shell/ or lib/ or ../
+
+# 4. Build
+e build
+
+# 5. Test your changes (Leave the user to do this, don't run these commands unless asked)
+e start
+e test
+
+# 6. If you modified patched files in Chromium:
+cd ..  # Go to Chromium repo
+git add <files>
+git commit -m "description of change"
+cd electron
+e patches chromium  # Export the patch
+```
+
+## Patches System
+
+Electron patches upstream dependencies (Chromium, Node.js, V8, etc.) to add features or modify behavior.
+
+**How patches work:**
+
+```text
+patches/{target}/*.patch  →  [e sync --3]  →  target repo commits
+                          ←  [e patches]   ←
+```
+
+**Patch configuration:** `patches/config.json` maps patch directories to target repos.
+
+**Key rules:**
+
+- Fix existing patches 99% of the time rather than creating new ones
+- Preserve original authorship in TODO comments
+- Never change TODO assignees (`TODO(name)` must retain original name)
+- Each patch file includes commit message explaining its purpose
+
+**Creating/modifying patches:**
+
+1. Make changes in the target repo (e.g., `../` for Chromium)
+2. Create a git commit
+3. Run `e patches <target>` to export
+
+**Fixing patch conflicts on an existing PR:**
+
+If asked to fix a patch conflict on a branch that already has an open PR, check the PR's failed **Apply Patches** CI run for an `update-patches` artifact before running `e sync` locally. CI has already performed the 3-way merge and exported the resolved patch diff — applying it is much faster than a full local sync.
+
+```bash
+# Find the failed Apply Patches run for the PR and download the artifact
+gh run list --repo electron/electron --branch <pr-branch> --workflow "Apply Patches" --limit 1
+gh run download <run-id> --repo electron/electron --name update-patches
+
+# Apply the CI-generated fix, then push
+git am update-patches.patch
+git push
+```
+
+If no artifact exists (e.g. the 3-way merge itself failed), fall back to `e sync --3` and resolve manually.
+
+## Testing
+
+**Test location:** `spec/` directory
+
+**Running tests:**
+
+```bash
+e test                    # Run full test suite
+```
+
+**Test frameworks:** Mocha, Chai, Sinon
+
+## Build Configuration
+
+**GN build arguments:** Located in `build/args/`:
+
+- `testing.gn` - Debug/testing builds
+- `release.gn` - Release builds
+- `all.gn` - Common arguments for all builds
+
+**Main build file:** `BUILD.gn`
+
+**Feature flags:** `buildflags/buildflags.gni`
+
+## Chromium Upgrade Workflow
+
+When working on the `roller/chromium/main` branch to upgrade Chromium activate the "Electron Chromium Upgrade" skill.
+
+## Pull Requests
+
+PR bodies must always include a `Notes:` section as the **last line** of the body. This is a consumer-facing release note for Electron app developers — describe the user-visible fix or change, not internal implementation details. Use `Notes: none` if there is no user-facing change.
+
+## Code Style
+
+**C++:** Follows Chromium style, enforced by clang-format
+**TypeScript/JavaScript:** ESLint configuration in `.eslintrc.json`
+
+**Linting:**
+
+```bash
+npm run lint              # Run all linters
+npm run lint:clang-format # C++ formatting
+```
+
+## Key Files
+
+| File | Purpose |
+|------|---------|
+| `BUILD.gn` | Main GN build configuration |
+| `DEPS` | Dependency versions and checkout paths |
+| `patches/config.json` | Patch target configuration |
+| `filenames.gni` | Source file lists by platform |
+| `package.json` | Node.js dependencies and scripts |
+
+## Environment Variables
+
+| Variable | Purpose |
+|----------|---------|
+| `GN_EXTRA_ARGS` | Additional GN arguments (useful in CI) |
+| `ELECTRON_RUN_AS_NODE=1` | Run Electron as Node.js |
+
+## Useful Git Commands for Chromium
+
+```bash
+# Find CL that changed a file
+cd ..
+git log --oneline -10 -- {file}
+git blame -L {start},{end} -- {file}
+
+# Look for Chromium CL reference in commit
+git log -1 {commit_sha}  # Find "Reviewed-on:" line
+
+# Find which patch affects a file
+grep -l "filename.cc" patches/chromium/*.patch
+```
+
+## CI/CD
+
+GitHub Actions workflows in `.github/workflows/`:
+
+- `build.yml` - Main build workflow
+- `pipeline-electron-lint.yml` - Linting
+- `pipeline-segment-electron-test.yml` - Testing
+
+## Common Issues
+
+**Patch conflict during sync:**
+
+- Use `e sync --3` for 3-way merge
+- Check if file was renamed/moved upstream
+- Verify patch is still needed
+
+**Build error in patched file:**
+
+- Find the patch: `grep -l "filename" patches/chromium/*.patch`
+- Match existing patch style (#if 0 guards, BUILDFLAG conditionals, etc.)
+
+**Remote build issues:**
+
+- Try `e build --no-remote` to build locally
+- Check reclient/siso configuration in your build config

DEPS

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ gclient_gn_args_from = 'src'
 
 vars = {
   'chromium_version':
-    '145.0.7568.0',
+    '146.0.7680.179',
   'node_version':
-    'v24.11.1',
+    'v24.14.0',
   'nan_version':
     '675cefebca42410733da8a454c8d9391fcebfbc2',
   'squirrel.mac_version':
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ vars = {
   'reactiveobjc_version':
     '74ab5baccc6f7202c8ac69a8d1e152c29dc1ea76',
   'mantle_version':
-    '2a8e2123a3931038179ee06105c9e6ec336b12ea',
+    '78d3966b3c331292ea29ec38661b25df0a245948',
   'engflow_reclient_configs_version':
     '955335c30a752e9ef7bff375baab5e0819b6c00d',
 

build/args/all.gn

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ is_electron_build = true
 root_extra_deps = [ "//electron" ]
 
 # Registry of NMVs --> https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/main/doc/abi_version_registry.json
-node_module_version = 143
+node_module_version = 145
 
 v8_promise_internal_field_count = 1
 v8_embedder_string = "-electron.0"
@@ -51,9 +51,6 @@ is_cfi = false
 use_qt5 = false
 use_qt6 = false
 
-# Disables the builtins PGO for V8
-v8_builtins_profiling_log_file = ""
-
 # https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/main/docs/dangling_ptr.md
 # TODO(vertedinde): hunt down dangling pointers on Linux
 enable_dangling_raw_ptr_checks = false

build/fuses/fuses.json5

@@ -9,5 +9,6 @@
   "embedded_asar_integrity_validation": "0",
   "only_load_app_from_asar": "0",
   "load_browser_process_specific_v8_snapshot": "0",
-  "grant_file_protocol_extra_privileges": "1"
+  "grant_file_protocol_extra_privileges": "1",
+  "wasm_trap_handlers": "1"
 }

chromium_src/BUILD.gn

@@ -245,6 +245,10 @@ static_library("chrome") {
       "//chrome/browser/ui/views/dark_mode_manager_linux.cc",
       "//chrome/browser/ui/views/dark_mode_manager_linux.h",
     ]
+    sources += [
+      "//chrome/browser/ui/views/frame/browser_frame_view_paint_utils_linux.cc",
+      "//chrome/browser/ui/views/frame/browser_frame_view_paint_utils_linux.h",
+    ]
     public_deps += [ "//components/dbus" ]
   }
 

default_app/main.ts

@@ -110,11 +110,12 @@ async function loadApplicationPackage (packagePath: string) {
       } else if (packageJson.name) {
         app.name = packageJson.name;
       }
-      if (packageJson.desktopName) {
-        app.setDesktopName(packageJson.desktopName);
-      } else {
-        app.setDesktopName(`${app.name}.desktop`);
-      }
+
+      // Set application's desktop name (Linux). These usually match the executable name,
+      // so use it as the default to ensure the app gets the correct icon in the taskbar and application switcher.
+      const desktopName = packageJson.desktopName || `${path.basename(process.execPath)}.desktop`;
+      app.setDesktopName(desktopName);
+
       // Set v8 flags, deliberately lazy load so that apps that do not use this
       // feature do not pay the price
       if (packageJson.v8Flags) {
@@ -255,7 +256,7 @@ async function startRepl () {
 if (option.file && !option.webdriver) {
   const file = option.file;
   // eslint-disable-next-line n/no-deprecated-api
-  const protocol = url.parse(file).protocol;
+  const protocol = URL.canParse(file) ? new URL(file).protocol : null;
   const extension = path.extname(file);
   if (protocol === 'http:' || protocol === 'https:' || protocol === 'file:' || protocol === 'chrome:') {
     await loadApplicationByURL(file);

default_app/styles.css

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ h4 {
   transform-origin: 50% 50%;
 }
 
-hero-icon.loop-3 {
+.hero-icon.loop-3 {
   transform: translate(79px, 21px);
   opacity: 1;
 }

docs/api/app.md

@@ -250,7 +250,9 @@ Returns:
 
 Emitted when the user clicks the native macOS new tab button. The new
 tab button is only visible if the current `BrowserWindow` has a
-`tabbingIdentifier`
+`tabbingIdentifier`.
+
+You must create a window in this handler in order for macOS tabbing to work as expected.
 
 ### Event: 'browser-window-blur'
 
@@ -612,7 +614,7 @@ Returns `string` - The current application directory.
     may backup this directory to cloud storage.
   * `sessionData` The directory for storing data generated by `Session`, such
     as localStorage, cookies, disk cache, downloaded dictionaries, network
-    state, devtools files. By default this points to `userData`. Chromium may
+    state, DevTools files. By default this points to `userData`. Chromium may
     write very large disk cache here, so if your app does not rely on browser
     storage like localStorage or cookies to save user data, it is recommended
     to set this directory to other locations to avoid polluting the `userData`
@@ -633,7 +635,7 @@ Returns `string` - The current application directory.
 Returns `string` - A path to a special directory or file associated with `name`. On
 failure, an `Error` is thrown.
 
-If `app.getPath('logs')` is called without called `app.setAppLogsPath()` being called first, a default log directory will be created equivalent to calling `app.setAppLogsPath()` without a `path` parameter.
+If `app.getPath('logs')` is called without calling `app.setAppLogsPath()` being called first, a default log directory will be created equivalent to calling `app.setAppLogsPath()` without a `path` parameter.
 
 ### `app.getFileIcon(path[, options])`
 
@@ -648,7 +650,7 @@ Returns `Promise<NativeImage>` - fulfilled with the app's icon, which is a [Nati
 
 Fetches a path's associated icon.
 
-On _Windows_, there a 2 kinds of icons:
+On _Windows_, there are 2 kinds of icons:
 
 * Icons associated with certain file extensions, like `.mp3`, `.png`, etc.
 * Icons inside the file itself, like `.exe`, `.dll`, `.ico`.
@@ -764,7 +766,7 @@ app.getPreferredSystemLanguages() // ['fr-CA', 'en-US', 'zh-Hans-FI', 'es-419']
 
 Both the available languages and regions and the possible return values differ between the two operating systems.
 
-As can be seen with the example above, on Windows, it is possible that a preferred system language has no country code, and that one of the preferred system languages corresponds with the language used for the regional format. On macOS, the region serves more as a default country code: the user doesn't need to have Finnish as a preferred language to use Finland as the region,and the country code `FI` is used as the country code for preferred system languages that do not have associated countries in the language name.
+As can be seen with the example above, on Windows, it is possible that a preferred system language has no country code, and that one of the preferred system languages corresponds with the language used for the regional format. On macOS, the region serves more as a default country code: the user doesn't need to have Finnish as a preferred language to use Finland as the region, and the country code `FI` is used as the country code for preferred system languages that do not have associated countries in the language name.
 
 ### `app.addRecentDocument(path)` _macOS_ _Windows_
 
@@ -1122,6 +1124,19 @@ Updates the current activity if its type matches `type`, merging the entries fro
 
 Changes the [Application User Model ID][app-user-model-id] to `id`.
 
+### `app.setToastActivatorCLSID(id)` _Windows_
+
+* `id` string
+
+Changes the [Toast Activator CLSID][toast-activator-clsid] to `id`. If one is not set via this method, it will be randomly generated for the app.
+
+* The value must be a valid GUID/CLSID in one of the following forms:
+  * Canonical brace-wrapped: `{XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX}` (preferred)
+  * Canonical without braces: `XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX` (braces will be added automatically)
+* Hex digits are case-insensitive.
+
+This method should be called early (before showing notifications) so the value is baked into the registration/shortcut. Supplying an empty string or an unparsable value throws and leaves the existing (or generated) CLSID unchanged. If this method is never called, a random CLSID is generated once per run and exposed via `app.toastActivatorCLSID`.
+
 ### `app.setActivationPolicy(policy)` _macOS_
 
 * `policy` string - Can be 'regular', 'accessory', or 'prohibited'.
@@ -1226,7 +1241,7 @@ Returns `boolean` - whether hardware acceleration is currently enabled.
 ### `app.disableDomainBlockingFor3DAPIs()`
 
 By default, Chromium disables 3D APIs (e.g. WebGL) until restart on a per
-domain basis if the GPU processes crashes too frequently. This function
+domain basis if the GPU process crashes too frequently. This function
 disables that behavior.
 
 This method can only be called before app is ready.
@@ -1285,6 +1300,8 @@ For `infoType` equal to `basic`:
 
 Using `basic` should be preferred if only basic information like `vendorId` or `deviceId` is needed.
 
+Promise is rejected if the GPU is completely disabled, i.e. no hardware and software implementations are available.
+
 ### `app.setBadgeCount([count])` _Linux_ _macOS_
 
 * `count` Integer (optional) - If a value is provided, set the badge to the provided value otherwise, on macOS, display a plain white dot (e.g. unknown number of notifications). On Linux, if a value is not provided the badge will not display.
@@ -1315,7 +1332,7 @@ Returns `boolean` - Whether the current desktop environment is Unity launcher.
 ### `app.getLoginItemSettings([options])` _macOS_ _Windows_
 
 * `options` Object (optional)
-  * `type` string (optional) _macOS_ - Can be one of `mainAppService`, `agentService`, `daemonService`, or `loginItemService`. Defaults to `mainAppService`. Only available on macOS 13 and up. See [app.setLoginItemSettings](app.md#appsetloginitemsettingssettings-macos-windows) for more information about each type.
+  * `type` string (optional) _macOS_ - Can be `mainAppService`, `agentService`, `daemonService`, or `loginItemService`. Defaults to `mainAppService`. Only available on macOS 13 and up. See [app.setLoginItemSettings](app.md#appsetloginitemsettingssettings-macos-windows) for more information about each type.
   * `serviceName` string (optional) _macOS_ - The name of the service. Required if `type` is non-default. Only available on macOS 13 and up.
   * `path` string (optional) _Windows_ - The executable path to compare against. Defaults to `process.execPath`.
   * `args` string[] (optional) _Windows_ - The command-line arguments to compare against. Defaults to an empty array.
@@ -1330,13 +1347,13 @@ Returns `Object`:
 * `wasOpenedAtLogin` boolean _macOS_ - `true` if the app was opened at login automatically.
 * `wasOpenedAsHidden` boolean _macOS_ _Deprecated_ - `true` if the app was opened as a hidden login item. This indicates that the app should not open any windows at startup. This setting is not available on [MAS builds][mas-builds] or on macOS 13 and up.
 * `restoreState` boolean _macOS_ _Deprecated_ - `true` if the app was opened as a login item that should restore the state from the previous session. This indicates that the app should restore the windows that were open the last time the app was closed. This setting is not available on [MAS builds][mas-builds] or on macOS 13 and up.
-* `status` string _macOS_ - can be one of `not-registered`, `enabled`, `requires-approval`, or `not-found`.
+* `status` string _macOS_ - can be `not-registered`, `enabled`, `requires-approval`, or `not-found`.
 * `executableWillLaunchAtLogin` boolean _Windows_ - `true` if app is set to open at login and its run key is not deactivated. This differs from `openAtLogin` as it ignores the `args` option, this property will be true if the given executable would be launched at login with **any** arguments.
 * `launchItems` Object[] _Windows_
   * `name` string _Windows_ - name value of a registry entry.
   * `path` string _Windows_ - The executable to an app that corresponds to a registry entry.
   * `args` string[] _Windows_ - the command-line arguments to pass to the executable.
-  * `scope` string _Windows_ - one of `user` or `machine`. Indicates whether the registry entry is under `HKEY_CURRENT USER` or `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE`.
+  * `scope` string _Windows_ - can be `user` or `machine`. Indicates whether the registry entry is under `HKEY_CURRENT USER` or `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE`.
   * `enabled` boolean _Windows_ - `true` if the app registry key is startup approved and therefore shows as `enabled` in Task Manager and Windows settings.
 
 ### `app.setLoginItemSettings(settings)` _macOS_ _Windows_
@@ -1702,8 +1719,13 @@ platforms) that allows you to perform actions on your app icon in the user's doc
 
 A `boolean` property that returns  `true` if the app is packaged, `false` otherwise. For many apps, this property can be used to distinguish development and production environments.
 
+### `app.toastActivatorCLSID` _Windows_ _Readonly_
+
+A `string` property that returns the app's [Toast Activator CLSID][toast-activator-clsid].
+
 [tasks]:https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/shell/taskbar-extensions#tasks
 [app-user-model-id]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/shell/appids
+[toast-activator-clsid]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/properties/props-system-appusermodel-toastactivatorclsid
 [electron-forge]: https://www.electronforge.io/
 [electron-packager]: https://github.com/electron/packager
 [CFBundleURLTypes]: https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/General/Reference/InfoPlistKeyReference/Articles/CoreFoundationKeys.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40009249-102207-TPXREF115

docs/api/auto-updater.md

@@ -32,9 +32,19 @@ update process. Apps that need to disable ATS can add the
 
 ### Windows
 
-On Windows, you have to install your app into a user's machine before you can
-use the `autoUpdater`, so it is recommended that you use
-[electron-winstaller][installer-lib] or [Electron Forge's Squirrel.Windows maker][electron-forge-lib] to generate a Windows installer.
+On Windows, the `autoUpdater` module automatically selects the appropriate update mechanism
+based on how your app is packaged:
+
+* **MSIX packages**: If your app is running as an MSIX package (created with [electron-windows-msix][msix-lib] and detected via [`process.windowsStore`](process.md#processwindowsstore-readonly)),
+  the module uses the MSIX updater, which supports direct MSIX file links and JSON update feeds.
+* **Squirrel.Windows**: For apps installed via traditional installers (created with
+  [electron-winstaller][installer-lib] or [Electron Forge's Squirrel.Windows maker][electron-forge-lib]),
+  the module uses Squirrel.Windows for updates.
+
+You don't need to configure which updater to use; Electron automatically detects the packaging
+format and uses the appropriate one.
+
+#### Squirrel.Windows
 
 Apps built with Squirrel.Windows will trigger [custom launch events](https://github.com/Squirrel/Squirrel.Windows/blob/51f5e2cb01add79280a53d51e8d0cfa20f8c9f9f/docs/using/custom-squirrel-events-non-cs.md#application-startup-commands)
 that must be handled by your Electron application to ensure proper setup and teardown.
@@ -55,6 +65,14 @@ The installer generated with Squirrel.Windows will create a shortcut icon with a
 same ID for your app with `app.setAppUserModelId` API, otherwise Windows will
 not be able to pin your app properly in task bar.
 
+#### MSIX Packages
+
+When your app is packaged as an MSIX, the `autoUpdater` module provides additional
+functionality:
+
+* Use the `allowAnyVersion` option in `setFeedURL()` to allow updates to older versions (downgrades)
+* Support for direct MSIX file links or JSON update feeds (similar to Squirrel.Mac format)
+
 ## Events
 
 The `autoUpdater` object emits the following events:
@@ -92,7 +110,7 @@ Returns:
 
 Emitted when an update has been downloaded.
 
-On Windows only `releaseName` is available.
+With Squirrel.Windows only `releaseName` is available.
 
 > [!NOTE]
 > It is not strictly necessary to handle this event. A successfully
@@ -100,6 +118,13 @@ On Windows only `releaseName` is available.
 
 ### Event: 'before-quit-for-update'
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+added:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/12619
+```
+-->
+
 This event is emitted after a user calls `quitAndInstall()`.
 
 When this API is called, the `before-quit` event is not emitted before all windows are closed. As a result you should listen to this event if you wish to perform actions before the windows are closed while a process is quitting, as well as listening to `before-quit`.
@@ -110,11 +135,23 @@ The `autoUpdater` object has the following methods:
 
 ### `autoUpdater.setFeedURL(options)`
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+changes:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/5879
+    description: "Added `headers` as a second parameter."
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/11925
+    description: "Changed API to accept a single `options` argument (contains `url`, `headers`, and `serverType` properties)."
+```
+-->
+
 * `options` Object
-  * `url` string
+  * `url` string - The update server URL. For _Windows_ MSIX, this can be either a direct link to an MSIX file (e.g., `https://example.com/update.msix`) or a JSON endpoint that returns update information (see the [Squirrel.Mac][squirrel-mac] README for more information).
   * `headers` Record\<string, string\> (optional) _macOS_ - HTTP request headers.
   * `serverType` string (optional) _macOS_ - Can be `json` or `default`, see the [Squirrel.Mac][squirrel-mac]
     README for more information.
+  * `allowAnyVersion` boolean (optional) _Windows_ - If `true`, allows downgrades to older versions for MSIX packages.
+    Defaults to `false`.
 
 Sets the `url` and initialize the auto updater.
 
@@ -151,3 +188,4 @@ closed.
 [electron-forge-lib]: https://www.electronforge.io/config/makers/squirrel.windows
 [app-user-model-id]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/shell/appids
 [event-emitter]: https://nodejs.org/api/events.html#events_class_eventemitter
+[msix-lib]:  https://github.com/electron-userland/electron-windows-msix

docs/api/base-window.md

@@ -351,7 +351,11 @@ Emitted when the window has closed a sheet.
 
 #### Event: 'new-window-for-tab' _macOS_
 
-Emitted when the native new tab button is clicked.
+Emitted when the user clicks the native macOS new tab button. The new
+tab button is only visible if the current `BrowserWindow` has a
+`tabbingIdentifier`.
+
+You must create a window in this handler in order for macOS tabbing to work as expected.
 
 #### Event: 'system-context-menu' _Windows_ _Linux_
 
@@ -756,6 +760,9 @@ Returns [`Rectangle`](structures/rectangle.md) - The `bounds` of the window as `
 > [!NOTE]
 > On macOS, the y-coordinate value returned will be at minimum the [Tray](tray.md) height. For example, calling `win.setBounds({ x: 25, y: 20, width: 800, height: 600 })` with a tray height of 38 means that `win.getBounds()` will return `{ x: 25, y: 38, width: 800, height: 600 }`.
 
+> [!NOTE]
+> On Wayland, this method will return `{ x: 0, y: 0, ... }` as introspecting or programmatically changing the global window coordinates is prohibited.
+
 #### `win.getBackgroundColor()`
 
 Returns `string` - Gets the background color of the window in Hex (`#RRGGBB`) format.
@@ -969,6 +976,9 @@ Moves window to `x` and `y`.
 
 Returns `Integer[]` - Contains the window's current position.
 
+> [!NOTE]
+> On Wayland, this method will return `[0, 0]` as introspecting or programmatically changing the global window coordinates is prohibited.
+
 #### `win.setTitle(title)`
 
 * `title` string
@@ -1043,7 +1053,7 @@ under this mode apps can choose to optimize their UI for tablets, such as
 enlarging the titlebar and hiding titlebar buttons.
 
 This API returns whether the window is in tablet mode, and the `resize` event
-can be be used to listen to changes to tablet mode.
+can be used to listen to changes to tablet mode.
 
 #### `win.getMediaSourceId()`
 

docs/api/browser-window.md

@@ -435,7 +435,11 @@ Emitted when the window has closed a sheet.
 
 #### Event: 'new-window-for-tab' _macOS_
 
-Emitted when the native new tab button is clicked.
+Emitted when the user clicks the native macOS new tab button. The new
+tab button is only visible if the current `BrowserWindow` has a
+`tabbingIdentifier`.
+
+You must create a window in this handler in order for macOS tabbing to work as expected.
 
 #### Event: 'system-context-menu' _Windows_ _Linux_
 
@@ -862,6 +866,9 @@ Returns [`Rectangle`](structures/rectangle.md) - The `bounds` of the window as `
 > [!NOTE]
 > On macOS, the y-coordinate value returned will be at minimum the [Tray](tray.md) height. For example, calling `win.setBounds({ x: 25, y: 20, width: 800, height: 600 })` with a tray height of 38 means that `win.getBounds()` will return `{ x: 25, y: 38, width: 800, height: 600 }`.
 
+> [!NOTE]
+> On Wayland, this method will return `{ x: 0, y: 0, ... }` as introspecting or programmatically changing the global window coordinates is prohibited.
+
 #### `win.getBackgroundColor()`
 
 Returns `string` - Gets the background color of the window in Hex (`#RRGGBB`) format.
@@ -1087,6 +1094,9 @@ Not supported on Wayland (Linux).
 
 Returns `Integer[]` - Contains the window's current position.
 
+> [!NOTE]
+> On Wayland, this method will return `[0, 0]` as introspecting or programmatically changing the global window coordinates is prohibited.
+
 #### `win.setTitle(title)`
 
 * `title` string
@@ -1159,7 +1169,7 @@ under this mode apps can choose to optimize their UI for tablets, such as
 enlarging the titlebar and hiding titlebar buttons.
 
 This API returns whether the window is in tablet mode, and the `resize` event
-can be be used to listen to changes to tablet mode.
+can be used to listen to changes to tablet mode.
 
 #### `win.getMediaSourceId()`
 

docs/api/client-request.md

@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ will not be allowed. The `finish` event is emitted just after the end operation.
 Cancels an ongoing HTTP transaction. If the request has already emitted the
 `close` event, the abort operation will have no effect. Otherwise an ongoing
 event will emit `abort` and `close` events. Additionally, if there is an ongoing
-response object,it will emit the `aborted` event.
+response object, it will emit the `aborted` event.
 
 #### `request.followRedirect()`
 

docs/api/clipboard.md

@@ -1,11 +1,20 @@
 # clipboard
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+deprecated:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/48877
+    description: "Using the `clipboard` API directly in the renderer process is deprecated."
+    breaking-changes-header: deprecated-clipboard-api-access-from-renderer-processes
+```
+-->
+
 > Perform copy and paste operations on the system clipboard.
 
 Process: [Main](../glossary.md#main-process), [Renderer](../glossary.md#renderer-process) _Deprecated_ (non-sandboxed only)
 
 > [!NOTE]
-> Using the `clipoard` API from the renderer process is deprecated.
+> Using the `clipboard` API from the renderer process is deprecated.
 
 > [!IMPORTANT]
 > If you want to call this API from a renderer process,

docs/api/command-line-switches.md

@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ Enables net log events to be saved and writes them to `path`.
 Sets the verbosity of logging when used together with `--enable-logging`.
 `N` should be one of [Chrome's LogSeverities][severities].
 
-Note that two complimentary logging mechanisms in Chromium -- `LOG()`
+Note that two complementary logging mechanisms in Chromium -- `LOG()`
 and `VLOG()` -- are controlled by different switches. `--log-level`
 controls `LOG()` messages, while `--v` and `--vmodule` control `VLOG()`
 messages. So you may want to use a combination of these three switches
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ By default inspector websocket url is available in stderr and under /json/list e
 
 ### `--experimental-network-inspection`
 
-Enable support for devtools network inspector events, for visibility into requests made by the nodejs `http` and `https` modules.
+Enable support for DevTools network inspector events, for visibility into requests made by the nodejs `http` and `https` modules.
 
 ### `--no-deprecation`
 
@@ -354,6 +354,11 @@ Affects the default output directory of [v8.setHeapSnapshotNearHeapLimit](https:
 
 Disable exposition of [Navigator API][] on the global scope from Node.js.
 
+### `--experimental-transform-types`
+
+Enables the [transformation](https://nodejs.org/api/typescript.html#type-stripping)
+of TypeScript-only syntax into JavaScript code.
+
 ## Chromium Flags
 
 There isn't a documented list of all Chromium switches, but there are a few ways to find them.
@@ -370,6 +375,13 @@ Keep in mind that standalone switches can sometimes be split into individual fea
 
 Finally, you'll need to ensure that the version of Chromium in Electron matches the version of the browser you're using to cross-reference the switches.
 
+### Chromium features relevant to Electron apps
+
+* `AlwaysLogLOAFURL`: enables script attribution for
+  [`long-animation-frame`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Performance_API/Long_animation_frame_timing)
+  `PerformanceObserver` events for non-http(s), non-data, non-blob URLs (such as `file:` or custom
+  protocol URLs).
+
 [app]: app.md
 [append-switch]: command-line.md#commandlineappendswitchswitch-value
 [debugging-main-process]: ../tutorial/debugging-main-process.md

docs/api/content-tracing.md

@@ -33,6 +33,15 @@ The `contentTracing` module has the following methods:
 
 ### `contentTracing.getCategories()`
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+changes:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/16583
+    description: "This method now returns a Promise instead of using a callback function."
+    breaking-changes-header: api-changed-callback-based-versions-of-promisified-apis
+```
+-->
+
 Returns `Promise<string[]>` - resolves with an array of category groups once all child processes have acknowledged the `getCategories` request
 
 Get a set of category groups. The category groups can change as new code paths
@@ -44,6 +53,17 @@ are reached. See also the
 
 ### `contentTracing.startRecording(options)`
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+changes:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/13914
+    description: "The `options` parameter now accepts `TraceConfig` in addition to `TraceCategoriesAndOptions`."
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/16584
+    description: "This function now returns a callback`Promise<void>`."
+    breaking-changes-header: api-changed-callback-based-versions-of-promisified-apis
+```
+-->
+
 * `options` ([TraceConfig](structures/trace-config.md) | [TraceCategoriesAndOptions](structures/trace-categories-and-options.md))
 
 Returns `Promise<void>` - resolved once all child processes have acknowledged the `startRecording` request.
@@ -58,6 +78,17 @@ only one trace operation can be in progress at a time.
 
 ### `contentTracing.stopRecording([resultFilePath])`
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+changes:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/16584
+    description: "This method now returns a Promise instead of using a callback function."
+    breaking-changes-header: api-changed-callback-based-versions-of-promisified-apis
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/18411
+    description: "The `resultFilePath` parameter is now optional."
+```
+-->
+
 * `resultFilePath` string (optional)
 
 Returns `Promise<string>` - resolves with a path to a file that contains the traced data once all child processes have acknowledged the `stopRecording` request
@@ -76,6 +107,15 @@ will be returned in the promise.
 
 ### `contentTracing.getTraceBufferUsage()`
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+changes:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/16600
+    description: "This method now returns a Promise instead of using a callback function."
+    breaking-changes-header: api-changed-callback-based-versions-of-promisified-apis
+```
+-->
+
 Returns `Promise<Object>` - Resolves with an object containing the `value` and `percentage` of trace buffer maximum usage
 
 * `value` number

docs/api/cookies.md

@@ -51,7 +51,12 @@ Returns:
 * `event` Event
 * `cookie` [Cookie](structures/cookie.md) - The cookie that was changed.
 * `cause` string - The cause of the change with one of the following values:
-  * `explicit` - The cookie was changed directly by a consumer's action.
+  * `inserted` -  The cookie was inserted.
+  * `inserted-no-change-overwrite` - The newly inserted cookie overwrote a cookie but
+    did not result in any change. For example, inserting an identical cookie will produce this cause.
+  * `inserted-no-value-change-overwrite` - The newly inserted cookie overwrote a cookie but
+    did not result in any value change, but it's web observable (e.g. updates the expiry).
+  * `explicit` - The cookie was deleted directly by a consumer's action.
   * `overwrite` - The cookie was automatically removed due to an insert
     operation that overwrote it.
   * `expired` - The cookie was automatically removed as it expired.

docs/api/corner-smoothing-css.md

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Use the `system-ui` keyword to match the smoothness to the OS design language.
 | Value: | `60%` | `0%` |
 | Example: | ![A rectangle with round corners whose smoothness matches macOS](../images/corner-smoothing-example-60.svg) | ![A rectangle with round corners whose smoothness matches Windows and Linux](../images/corner-smoothing-example-0.svg) |
 
-### Controlling availibility
+### Controlling availability
 
 This CSS rule can be disabled using the Blink feature flag `ElectronCSSCornerSmoothing`.
 

docs/api/crash-reporter.md

@@ -50,6 +50,22 @@ The `crashReporter` module has the following methods:
 
 ### `crashReporter.start(options)`
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+changes:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/23062
+    description: "Added `rateLimit` and `compress` options."
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/23265
+    description: "Deprecated calling this method in the renderer process."
+    breaking-changes-header: deprecated-crashreporter-methods-in-the-renderer-process
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/25288
+    description: "Default value of `compress` option changed from `false` to `true`."
+    breaking-changes-header: default-changed-crashreporterstart-compress-true-
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/28105
+    description: "The `submitURL` parameter is now optional when `uploadToServer` is `false`."
+```
+-->
+
 * `options` Object
   * `submitURL` string (optional) - URL that crash reports will be sent to as
     POST. Required unless `uploadToServer` is `false`.
@@ -111,6 +127,15 @@ by the crash reporter.
 
 ### `crashReporter.getLastCrashReport()`
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+changes:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/23265
+    description: "Deprecated calling this method in the renderer process."
+    breaking-changes-header: deprecated-crashreporter-methods-in-the-renderer-process
+```
+-->
+
 Returns [`CrashReport | null`](structures/crash-report.md) - The date and ID of the
 last crash report. Only crash reports that have been uploaded will be returned;
 even if a crash report is present on disk it will not be returned until it is
@@ -121,6 +146,15 @@ uploaded. In the case that there are no uploaded reports, `null` is returned.
 
 ### `crashReporter.getUploadedReports()`
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+changes:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/23265
+    description: "Deprecated calling this method in the renderer process."
+    breaking-changes-header: deprecated-crashreporter-methods-in-the-renderer-process
+```
+-->
+
 Returns [`CrashReport[]`](structures/crash-report.md):
 
 Returns all uploaded crash reports. Each report contains the date and uploaded
@@ -131,6 +165,15 @@ ID.
 
 ### `crashReporter.getUploadToServer()`
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+changes:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/23265
+    description: "Deprecated calling this method in the renderer process."
+    breaking-changes-header: deprecated-crashreporter-methods-in-the-renderer-process
+```
+-->
+
 Returns `boolean` - Whether reports should be submitted to the server. Set through
 the `start` method or `setUploadToServer`.
 
@@ -139,6 +182,15 @@ the `start` method or `setUploadToServer`.
 
 ### `crashReporter.setUploadToServer(uploadToServer)`
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+changes:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/23265
+    description: "Deprecated calling this method in the renderer process."
+    breaking-changes-header: deprecated-crashreporter-methods-in-the-renderer-process
+```
+-->
+
 * `uploadToServer` boolean - Whether reports should be submitted to the server.
 
 This would normally be controlled by user preferences. This has no effect if

docs/api/debugger.md

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Returns:
 * `reason` string - Reason for detaching debugger.
 
 Emitted when the debugging session is terminated. This happens either when
-`webContents` is closed or devtools is invoked for the attached `webContents`.
+`webContents` is closed or DevTools is invoked for the attached `webContents`.
 
 #### Event: 'message'
 

docs/api/desktop-capturer.md

@@ -80,6 +80,17 @@ The `desktopCapturer` module has the following methods:
 
 ### `desktopCapturer.getSources(options)`
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+added:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/2963
+changes:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/16427
+    description: "This method now returns a Promise instead of using a callback function."
+    breaking-changes-header: api-changed-callback-based-versions-of-promisified-apis
+```
+-->
+
 * `options` Object
   * `types` string[] - An array of strings that lists the types of desktop sources
     to be captured, available types can be `screen` and `window`.
@@ -94,18 +105,56 @@ The `desktopCapturer` module has the following methods:
 Returns `Promise<DesktopCapturerSource[]>` - Resolves with an array of [`DesktopCapturerSource`](structures/desktop-capturer-source.md) objects, each `DesktopCapturerSource` represents a screen or an individual window that can be captured.
 
 > [!NOTE]
-> Capturing the screen contents requires user consent on macOS 10.15 Catalina or higher,
-> which can detected by [`systemPreferences.getMediaAccessStatus`][].
+<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line MD032 -->
+> * Capturing audio requires `NSAudioCaptureUsageDescription` Info.plist key on macOS 14.2 Sonoma and higher - [read more](#macos-versions-142-or-higher).
+> * Capturing the screen contents requires user consent on macOS 10.15 Catalina or higher, which can detected by [`systemPreferences.getMediaAccessStatus`][].
 
 [`navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia`]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/API/MediaDevices/getUserMedia
 [`systemPreferences.getMediaAccessStatus`]: system-preferences.md#systempreferencesgetmediaaccessstatusmediatype-windows-macos
 
 ## Caveats
 
+### Linux
+
 `desktopCapturer.getSources(options)` only returns a single source on Linux when using Pipewire.
 
 PipeWire supports a single capture for both screens and windows. If you request the window and screen type, the selected source will be returned as a window capture.
 
-`navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia` does not work on macOS for audio capture due to a fundamental limitation whereby apps that want to access the system's audio require a [signed kernel extension](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Security/Conceptual/System_Integrity_Protection_Guide/KernelExtensions/KernelExtensions.html). Chromium, and by extension Electron, does not provide this.
+### macOS versions 14.2 or higher
 
-It is possible to circumvent this limitation by capturing system audio with another macOS app like Soundflower and passing it through a virtual audio input device. This virtual device can then be queried with `navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia`.
+`NSAudioCaptureUsageDescription` Info.plist key must be added in order for audio to be captured by
+`desktopCapturer`. If instead you are running Electron from another program like a terminal or IDE
+then that parent program must contain the Info.plist key.
+
+This is in order to facillitate use of Apple's new [CoreAudio Tap API](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/CoreAudio/capturing-system-audio-with-core-audio-taps#Configure-the-sample-code-project) by Chromium.
+
+> [!WARNING]
+> Failure of `desktopCapturer` to start an audio stream due to `NSAudioCaptureUsageDescription`
+> permission not present will still create a dead audio stream however no warnings or errors are
+> displayed.
+
+As of Electron `v39.0.0-beta.4`, Chromium [made Apple's new `CoreAudio Tap API` the default](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/ad17e8f8b93d5f34891b06085d373a668918255e)
+for desktop audio capture. There is no fallback to the older `Screen & System Audio Recording`
+permissions system even if [CoreAudio Tap API](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/CoreAudio/capturing-system-audio-with-core-audio-taps) stream creation fails.
+
+If you need to continue using `Screen & System Audio Recording` permissions for `desktopCapturer`
+on macOS versions 14.2 and later, you can apply a Chromium feature flag to force use of that older
+permissions system:
+
+```js
+// main.js (right beneath your require/import statments)
+app.commandLine.appendSwitch('disable-features', 'MacCatapLoopbackAudioForScreenShare')
+```
+
+### macOS versions 12.7.6 or lower
+
+`navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia` does not work on macOS versions 12.7.6 and prior for audio
+capture due to a fundamental limitation whereby apps that want to access the system's audio require
+a [signed kernel extension](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Security/Conceptual/System_Integrity_Protection_Guide/KernelExtensions/KernelExtensions.html).
+Chromium, and by extension Electron, does not provide this. Only in macOS 13 and onwards does Apple
+provide APIs to capture desktop audio without the need for a signed kernel extension.
+
+It is possible to circumvent this limitation by capturing system audio with another macOS app like
+[BlackHole](https://existential.audio/blackhole/) or [Soundflower](https://rogueamoeba.com/freebies/soundflower/)
+and passing it through a virtual audio input device. This virtual device can then be queried
+with `navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia`.

docs/api/dialog.md

@@ -18,6 +18,13 @@ The `dialog` module has the following methods:
 
 ### `dialog.showOpenDialogSync([window, ]options)`
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+added:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/16973
+```
+-->
+
 * `window` [BaseWindow](base-window.md) (optional)
 * `options` Object
   * `title` string (optional)
@@ -30,7 +37,7 @@ The `dialog` module has the following methods:
     * `openFile` - Allow files to be selected.
     * `openDirectory` - Allow directories to be selected.
     * `multiSelections` - Allow multiple paths to be selected.
-    * `showHiddenFiles` - Show hidden files in dialog.
+    * `showHiddenFiles` _macOS_ _Windows_ _Deprecated_ - Show hidden files in dialog. Deprecated on Linux.
     * `createDirectory` _macOS_ - Allow creating new directories from dialog.
     * `promptToCreate` _Windows_ - Prompt for creation if the file path entered
       in the dialog does not exist. This does not actually create the file at
@@ -90,6 +97,15 @@ dialog.showOpenDialogSync(mainWindow, {
 
 ### `dialog.showOpenDialog([window, ]options)`
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+changes:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/16973
+    description: "This method now returns a Promise instead of using a callback function."
+    breaking-changes-header: api-changed-callback-based-versions-of-promisified-apis
+```
+-->
+
 * `window` [BaseWindow](base-window.md) (optional)
 * `options` Object
   * `title` string (optional)
@@ -102,7 +118,7 @@ dialog.showOpenDialogSync(mainWindow, {
     * `openFile` - Allow files to be selected.
     * `openDirectory` - Allow directories to be selected.
     * `multiSelections` - Allow multiple paths to be selected.
-    * `showHiddenFiles` - Show hidden files in dialog.
+    * `showHiddenFiles` _macOS_ _Windows_ _Deprecated_ - Show hidden files in dialog. Deprecated on Linux.
     * `createDirectory` _macOS_ - Allow creating new directories from dialog.
     * `promptToCreate` _Windows_ - Prompt for creation if the file path entered
       in the dialog does not exist. This does not actually create the file at
@@ -171,6 +187,13 @@ dialog.showOpenDialog(mainWindow, {
 
 ### `dialog.showSaveDialogSync([window, ]options)`
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+added:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/17054
+```
+-->
+
 * `window` [BaseWindow](base-window.md) (optional)
 * `options` Object
   * `title` string (optional) - The dialog title. Cannot be displayed on some _Linux_ desktop environments.
@@ -185,7 +208,7 @@ dialog.showOpenDialog(mainWindow, {
   * `showsTagField` boolean (optional) _macOS_ - Show the tags input box,
     defaults to `true`.
   * `properties` string[]&#32;(optional)
-    * `showHiddenFiles` - Show hidden files in dialog.
+    * `showHiddenFiles` _macOS_ _Windows_ _Deprecated_ - Show hidden files in dialog. Deprecated on Linux.
     * `createDirectory` _macOS_ - Allow creating new directories from dialog.
     * `treatPackageAsDirectory` _macOS_ - Treat packages, such as `.app` folders,
       as a directory instead of a file.
@@ -202,6 +225,15 @@ The `filters` specifies an array of file types that can be displayed, see
 
 ### `dialog.showSaveDialog([window, ]options)`
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+changes:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/17054
+    description: "This method now returns a Promise instead of using a callback function."
+    breaking-changes-header: api-changed-callback-based-versions-of-promisified-apis
+```
+-->
+
 * `window` [BaseWindow](base-window.md) (optional)
 * `options` Object
   * `title` string (optional) - The dialog title. Cannot be displayed on some _Linux_ desktop environments.
@@ -215,7 +247,7 @@ The `filters` specifies an array of file types that can be displayed, see
     displayed in front of the filename text field.
   * `showsTagField` boolean (optional) _macOS_ - Show the tags input box, defaults to `true`.
   * `properties` string[]&#32;(optional)
-    * `showHiddenFiles` - Show hidden files in dialog.
+    * `showHiddenFiles` _macOS_ _Windows_ _Deprecated_ - Show hidden files in dialog. Deprecated on Linux.
     * `createDirectory` _macOS_ - Allow creating new directories from dialog.
     * `treatPackageAsDirectory` _macOS_ - Treat packages, such as `.app` folders,
       as a directory instead of a file.
@@ -240,6 +272,13 @@ The `filters` specifies an array of file types that can be displayed, see
 
 ### `dialog.showMessageBoxSync([window, ]options)`
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+added:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/17298
+```
+-->
+
 * `window` [BaseWindow](base-window.md) (optional)
 * `options` Object
   * `message` string - Content of the message box.
@@ -283,6 +322,19 @@ If `window` is not shown dialog will not be attached to it. In such case it will
 
 ### `dialog.showMessageBox([window, ]options)`
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+changes:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/17298
+    description: "This method now returns a Promise instead of using a callback function."
+    breaking-changes-header: api-changed-callback-based-versions-of-promisified-apis
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/26102
+    description: "Added the `signal` option."
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/30474
+    description: "Added the `textWidth` option."
+```
+-->
+
 * `window` [BaseWindow](base-window.md) (optional)
 * `options` Object
   * `message` string - Content of the message box.
@@ -344,11 +396,22 @@ Displays a modal dialog that shows an error message.
 
 This API can be called safely before the `ready` event the `app` module emits,
 it is usually used to report errors in early stage of startup. If called
-before the app `ready`event on Linux, the message will be emitted to stderr,
+before the app `ready` event on Linux, the message will be emitted to stderr,
 and no GUI dialog will appear.
 
 ### `dialog.showCertificateTrustDialog([window, ]options)` _macOS_ _Windows_
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+added:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/9099
+changes:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/17181
+    description: "This method now returns a Promise instead of using a callback function."
+    breaking-changes-header: api-changed-callback-based-versions-of-promisified-apis
+```
+-->
+
 * `window` [BaseWindow](base-window.md) (optional)
 * `options` Object
   * `certificate` [Certificate](structures/certificate.md) - The certificate to trust/import.

docs/api/environment-variables.md

@@ -159,6 +159,22 @@ Notification activated (com.github.Electron:notification:EAF7B87C-A113-43D7-8E76
 Notification replied to (com.github.Electron:notification:EAF7B87C-A113-43D7-8E76-F88EC9D73D44)
 ```
 
+### `ELECTRON_DEBUG_MSIX_UPDATER`
+
+Adds extra logs to MSIX updater operations on Windows to aid in debugging. Extra logging will be displayed when MSIX update operations are initiated, including package updates, package registration, and restart registration. This helps diagnose issues with MSIX package updates and deployments.
+
+Sample output:
+
+```sh
+UpdateMsix called with URI: https://example.com/app.msix
+DoUpdateMsix: Starting
+Calling AddPackageByUriAsync... URI: https://example.com/app.msix
+Update options - deferRegistration: true, developerMode: false, forceShutdown: false, forceTargetShutdown: false, forceUpdateFromAnyVersion: false
+Waiting for deployment...
+Deployment finished.
+MSIX Deployment completed.
+```
+
 ### `ELECTRON_LOG_ASAR_READS`
 
 When Electron reads from an ASAR file, log the read offset and file path to
@@ -186,3 +202,14 @@ the one downloaded by `npm install`. Usage:
 ```sh
 export ELECTRON_OVERRIDE_DIST_PATH=/Users/username/projects/electron/out/Testing
 ```
+
+### `ELECTRON_SKIP_BINARY_DOWNLOAD`
+
+If you want to install your project's dependencies but don't need to use Electron functionality,
+you can set the `ELECTRON_SKIP_BINARY_DOWNLOAD` environment variable to prevent the binary from being
+downloaded. For instance, this feature can be useful in continuous integration environments when
+running unit tests that mock out the `electron` module.
+
+```sh
+ELECTRON_SKIP_BINARY_DOWNLOAD=1 npm install
+```

docs/api/extensions-api.md

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ The following methods are available on instances of `Extensions`:
 * `options` Object (optional)
   * `allowFileAccess` boolean - Whether to allow the extension to read local files over `file://`
     protocol and inject content scripts into `file://` pages. This is required e.g. for loading
-    devtools extensions on `file://` URLs. Defaults to false.
+    DevTools extensions on `file://` URLs. Defaults to false.
 
 Returns `Promise<Extension>` - resolves when the extension is loaded.
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ const path = require('node:path')
 app.whenReady().then(async () => {
   await session.defaultSession.extensions.loadExtension(
     path.join(__dirname, 'react-devtools'),
-    // allowFileAccess is required to load the devtools extension on file:// URLs.
+    // allowFileAccess is required to load the DevTools extension on file:// URLs.
     { allowFileAccess: true }
   )
   // Note that in order to use the React DevTools extension, you'll need to

docs/api/incoming-message.md

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Returns:
 * `error` Error - Typically holds an error string identifying failure root cause.
 
 Emitted when an error was encountered while streaming response data events. For
-instance, if the server closes the underlying while the response is still
+instance, if the server closes the underlying connection while the response is still
 streaming, an `error` event will be emitted on the response object and a `close`
 event will subsequently follow on the request object.
 

docs/api/menu-item.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ See [`Menu`](menu.md) for examples.
 * `options` Object
   * `click` Function (optional) - Will be called with
     `click(menuItem, window, event)` when the menu item is clicked.
-    * `menuItem` MenuItem
+    * `menuItem` [MenuItem](menu-item.md)
     * `window` [BaseWindow](base-window.md) | undefined - This will not be defined if no window is open.
     * `event` [KeyboardEvent](structures/keyboard-event.md)
   * `role` string (optional) - Can be `undo`, `redo`, `cut`, `copy`, `paste`, `pasteAndMatchStyle`, `delete`, `selectAll`, `reload`, `forceReload`, `toggleDevTools`, `resetZoom`, `zoomIn`, `zoomOut`, `toggleSpellChecker`, `togglefullscreen`, `window`, `minimize`, `close`, `help`, `about`, `services`, `hide`, `hideOthers`, `unhide`, `quit`, `showSubstitutions`, `toggleSmartQuotes`, `toggleSmartDashes`, `toggleTextReplacement`, `startSpeaking`, `stopSpeaking`, `zoom`, `front`, `appMenu`, `fileMenu`, `editMenu`, `viewMenu`, `shareMenu`, `recentDocuments`, `toggleTabBar`, `selectNextTab`, `selectPreviousTab`, `showAllTabs`, `mergeAllWindows`, `clearRecentDocuments`, `moveTabToNewWindow` or `windowMenu` - Define the action of the menu item, when specified the
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ See [`Menu`](menu.md) for examples.
     menu items.
   * `registerAccelerator` boolean (optional) _Linux_ _Windows_ - If false, the accelerator won't be registered
     with the system, but it will still be displayed. Defaults to true.
-  * `sharingItem` SharingItem (optional) _macOS_ - The item to share when the `role` is `shareMenu`.
-  * `submenu` (MenuItemConstructorOptions[] | [Menu](menu.md)) (optional) - Should be specified
+  * `sharingItem` [SharingItem](structures/sharing-item.md) (optional) _macOS_ - The item to share when the `role` is `shareMenu`.
+  * `submenu` ([MenuItemConstructorOptions](#new-menuitemoptions)[] | [Menu](menu.md)) (optional) - Should be specified
     for `submenu` type menu items. If `submenu` is specified, the `type: 'submenu'` can be omitted.
     If the value is not a [`Menu`](menu.md) then it will be automatically converted to one using
     `Menu.buildFromTemplate`.
@@ -73,25 +73,28 @@ The following properties are available on instances of `MenuItem`:
 
 #### `menuItem.id`
 
-A `string` indicating the item's unique id. This property can be
-dynamically changed.
+A `string` indicating the item's unique id.
+
+This property can be dynamically changed.
 
 #### `menuItem.label`
 
 A `string` indicating the item's visible label.
 
+This property can be dynamically changed.
+
 #### `menuItem.click`
 
 A `Function` that is fired when the MenuItem receives a click event.
 It can be called with `menuItem.click(event, focusedWindow, focusedWebContents)`.
 
 * `event` [KeyboardEvent](structures/keyboard-event.md)
-* `focusedWindow` [BaseWindow](browser-window.md)
+* `focusedWindow` [BaseWindow](base-window.md)
 * `focusedWebContents` [WebContents](web-contents.md)
 
 #### `menuItem.submenu`
 
-A `Menu` (optional) containing the menu
+A [`Menu`](menu.md) (optional) containing the menu
 item's submenu, if present.
 
 #### `menuItem.type`
@@ -107,42 +110,48 @@ A `string` (optional) indicating the item's role, if set. Can be `undo`, `redo`,
 
 #### `menuItem.accelerator`
 
-An `Accelerator` (optional) indicating the item's accelerator, if set.
+An [`Accelerator | null`](../tutorial/keyboard-shortcuts.md#accelerators) indicating the item's accelerator, if set.
 
 #### `menuItem.userAccelerator` _Readonly_ _macOS_
 
-An `Accelerator | null` indicating the item's [user-assigned accelerator](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/nsmenuitem/1514850-userkeyequivalent?language=objc) for the menu item.
+An [`Accelerator | null`](../tutorial/keyboard-shortcuts.md#accelerators) indicating the item's [user-assigned accelerator](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/nsmenuitem/1514850-userkeyequivalent?language=objc) for the menu item.
 
 > [!NOTE]
 > This property is only initialized after the `MenuItem` has been added to a `Menu`. Either via `Menu.buildFromTemplate` or via `Menu.append()/insert()`.  Accessing before initialization will just return `null`.
 
 #### `menuItem.icon`
 
-A `NativeImage | string` (optional) indicating the
-item's icon, if set.
+A `NativeImage | string` (optional) indicating the item's icon, if set.
+
+This property can be dynamically changed.
 
 #### `menuItem.sublabel`
 
 A `string` indicating the item's sublabel.
 
+This property can be dynamically changed.
+
 #### `menuItem.toolTip` _macOS_
 
 A `string` indicating the item's hover text.
 
 #### `menuItem.enabled`
 
-A `boolean` indicating whether the item is enabled. This property can be
-dynamically changed.
+A `boolean` indicating whether the item is enabled.
+
+This property can be dynamically changed.
 
 #### `menuItem.visible`
 
-A `boolean` indicating whether the item is visible. This property can be
-dynamically changed.
+A `boolean` indicating whether the item is visible.
+
+This property can be dynamically changed.
 
 #### `menuItem.checked`
 
-A `boolean` indicating whether the item is checked. This property can be
-dynamically changed.
+A `boolean` indicating whether the item is checked.
+
+This property can be dynamically changed.
 
 A `checkbox` menu item will toggle the `checked` property on and off when
 selected.
@@ -161,7 +170,7 @@ This property can be dynamically changed.
 
 #### `menuItem.sharingItem` _macOS_
 
-A `SharingItem` indicating the item to share when the `role` is `shareMenu`.
+A [`SharingItem`](structures/sharing-item.md) indicating the item to share when the `role` is `shareMenu`.
 
 This property can be dynamically changed.
 
@@ -171,4 +180,4 @@ A `number` indicating an item's sequential unique id.
 
 #### `menuItem.menu`
 
-A `Menu` that the item is a part of.
+A [`Menu`](menu.md) that the item is a part of.

docs/api/menu.md

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ The `Menu` class has the following static methods:
 
 #### `Menu.setApplicationMenu(menu)`
 
-- `menu` Menu | null
+- `menu` [Menu](menu.md) | null
 
 Sets `menu` as the application menu on macOS. On Windows and Linux, the
 `menu` will be set as each window's top menu.
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ indicate which letter should get a generated accelerator. For example, using
 opens the associated menu. The indicated character in the button label then gets an
 underline, and the `&` character is not displayed on the button label.
 
-In order to escape the `&` character in an item name, add a proceeding `&`. For example, `&&File` would result in `&File` displayed on the button label.
+In order to escape the `&` character in an item name, add a preceding `&`. For example, `&&File` would result in `&File` displayed on the button label.
 
 Passing `null` will suppress the default menu. On Windows and Linux,
 this has the additional effect of removing the menu bar from the window.
@@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ for more information on macOS' native actions.
 
 #### `Menu.buildFromTemplate(template)`
 
-- `template` (MenuItemConstructorOptions | MenuItem)[]
+- `template` ([MenuItemConstructorOptions](menu-item.md#new-menuitemoptions) | [MenuItem](menu-item.md))[]
 
-Returns `Menu`
+Returns [`Menu`](menu.md)
 
 Generally, the `template` is an array of `options` for constructing a
 [MenuItem](menu-item.md). The usage can be referenced above.
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ Emitted when a popup is closed either manually or with `menu.closePopup()`.
 
 #### `menu.items`
 
-A `MenuItem[]` array containing the menu's items.
+A [`MenuItem[]`](menu-item.md) array containing the menu's items.
 
 Each `Menu` consists of multiple [`MenuItem`](menu-item.md) instances and each `MenuItem`
 can nest a `Menu` into its `submenu` property.

docs/api/native-theme.md

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ everything will be reset to the OS default.  By default `themeSource` is `system
 Settings this property to `dark` will have the following effects:
 
 * `nativeTheme.shouldUseDarkColors` will be `true` when accessed
-* Any UI Electron renders on Linux and Windows including context menus, devtools, etc. will use the dark UI.
+* Any UI Electron renders on Linux and Windows including context menus, DevTools, etc. will use the dark UI.
 * Any UI the OS renders on macOS including menus, window frames, etc. will use the dark UI.
 * The [`prefers-color-scheme`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-color-scheme) CSS query will match `dark` mode.
 * The `updated` event will be emitted
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Settings this property to `dark` will have the following effects:
 Settings this property to `light` will have the following effects:
 
 * `nativeTheme.shouldUseDarkColors` will be `false` when accessed
-* Any UI Electron renders on Linux and Windows including context menus, devtools, etc. will use the light UI.
+* Any UI Electron renders on Linux and Windows including context menus, DevTools, etc. will use the light UI.
 * Any UI the OS renders on macOS including menus, window frames, etc. will use the light UI.
 * The [`prefers-color-scheme`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-color-scheme) CSS query will match `light` mode.
 * The `updated` event will be emitted
@@ -83,4 +83,8 @@ Currently, Windows high contrast is the only system setting that triggers forced
 
 ### `nativeTheme.prefersReducedTransparency` _Readonly_
 
-A `boolean` that indicates the whether the user has chosen via system accessibility settings to reduce transparency at the OS level.
+A `boolean` that indicates whether the user has chosen via system accessibility settings to reduce transparency at the OS level.
+
+### `nativeTheme.shouldDifferentiateWithoutColor` _macOS_ _Readonly_
+
+A `boolean` that indicates whether the user prefers UI that differentiates items using something other than color alone (e.g. shapes or labels). This maps to [NSWorkspace.accessibilityDisplayShouldDifferentiateWithoutColor](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/nsworkspace/accessibilitydisplayshoulddifferentiatewithoutcolor).

docs/api/notification.md

@@ -42,11 +42,15 @@ Returns `boolean` - Whether or not desktop notifications are supported on the cu
   * `timeoutType` string (optional) _Linux_ _Windows_ - The timeout duration of the notification. Can be 'default' or 'never'.
   * `replyPlaceholder` string (optional) _macOS_ - The placeholder to write in the inline reply input field.
   * `sound` string (optional) _macOS_ - The name of the sound file to play when the notification is shown.
-  * `urgency` string (optional) _Linux_ - The urgency level of the notification. Can be 'normal', 'critical', or 'low'.
+  * `urgency` string (optional) _Linux_ _Windows_ - The urgency level of the notification. Can be 'normal', 'critical', or 'low'.
   * `actions` [NotificationAction[]](structures/notification-action.md) (optional) _macOS_ - Actions to add to the notification. Please read the available actions and limitations in the `NotificationAction` documentation.
   * `closeButtonText` string (optional) _macOS_ - A custom title for the close button of an alert. An empty string will cause the default localized text to be used.
   * `toastXml` string (optional) _Windows_ - A custom description of the Notification on Windows superseding all properties above. Provides full customization of design and behavior of the notification.
 
+> [!NOTE]
+> On Windows, `urgency` type 'critical' sorts the notification higher in Action Center (above default priority notifications), but does not prevent auto-dismissal. To prevent auto-dismissal, you should also set
+> `timeoutType` to 'never'.
+
 ### Instance Events
 
 Objects created with `new Notification` emit the following events:
@@ -67,6 +71,22 @@ Emitted when the notification is shown to the user. Note that this event can be
 multiple times as a notification can be shown multiple times through the
 `show()` method.
 
+```js
+const { Notification, app } = require('electron')
+
+app.whenReady().then(() => {
+  const n = new Notification({
+    title: 'Title!',
+    subtitle: 'Subtitle!',
+    body: 'Body!'
+  })
+
+  n.on('show', () => console.log('Notification shown!'))
+
+  n.show()
+})
+```
+
 #### Event: 'click'
 
 Returns:
@@ -75,11 +95,28 @@ Returns:
 
 Emitted when the notification is clicked by the user.
 
+```js
+const { Notification, app } = require('electron')
+
+app.whenReady().then(() => {
+  const n = new Notification({
+    title: 'Title!',
+    subtitle: 'Subtitle!',
+    body: 'Body!'
+  })
+
+  n.on('click', () => console.log('Notification clicked!'))
+
+  n.show()
+})
+```
+
 #### Event: 'close'
 
 Returns:
 
-* `event` Event
+* `details` Event\<\>
+  * `reason` _Windows_ string (optional) - The reason the notification was closed. This can be 'userCanceled', 'applicationHidden', or 'timedOut'.
 
 Emitted when the notification is closed by manual intervention from the user.
 
@@ -88,21 +125,85 @@ is closed.
 
 On Windows, the `close` event can be emitted in one of three ways: programmatic dismissal with `notification.close()`, by the user closing the notification, or via system timeout. If a notification is in the Action Center after the initial `close` event is emitted, a call to `notification.close()` will remove the notification from the action center but the `close` event will not be emitted again.
 
-#### Event: 'reply' _macOS_
+```js
+const { Notification, app } = require('electron')
+
+app.whenReady().then(() => {
+  const n = new Notification({
+    title: 'Title!',
+    subtitle: 'Subtitle!',
+    body: 'Body!'
+  })
+
+  n.on('close', () => console.log('Notification closed!'))
+
+  n.show()
+})
+```
+
+#### Event: 'reply' _macOS_ _Windows_
 
 Returns:
 
-* `event` Event
-* `reply` string - The string the user entered into the inline reply field.
+* `details` Event\<\>
+  * `reply` string - The string the user entered into the inline reply field.
+* `reply` string _Deprecated_
 
 Emitted when the user clicks the "Reply" button on a notification with `hasReply: true`.
 
-#### Event: 'action' _macOS_
+```js
+const { Notification, app } = require('electron')
+
+app.whenReady().then(() => {
+  const n = new Notification({
+    title: 'Send a Message',
+    body: 'Body Text',
+    hasReply: true,
+    replyPlaceholder: 'Message text...'
+  })
+
+  n.on('reply', (e, reply) => console.log(`User replied: ${reply}`))
+  n.on('click', () => console.log('Notification clicked'))
+
+  n.show()
+})
+```
+
+#### Event: 'action' _macOS_ _Windows_
 
 Returns:
 
-* `event` Event
-* `index` number - The index of the action that was activated.
+* `details` Event\<\>
+  * `actionIndex` number - The index of the action that was activated.
+  * `selectionIndex` number _Windows_ - The index of the selected item, if one was chosen. -1 if none was chosen.
+* `actionIndex` number _Deprecated_
+* `selectionIndex` number _Windows_ _Deprecated_
+
+```js
+const { Notification, app } = require('electron')
+
+app.whenReady().then(() => {
+  const items = ['One', 'Two', 'Three']
+  const n = new Notification({
+    title: 'Choose an Action!',
+    actions: [
+      { type: 'button', text: 'Action 1' },
+      { type: 'button', text: 'Action 2' },
+      { type: 'selection', text: 'Apply', items }
+    ]
+  })
+
+  n.on('click', () => console.log('Notification clicked'))
+  n.on('action', (e) => {
+    console.log(`User triggered action at index: ${e.actionIndex}`)
+    if (e.selectionIndex > -1) {
+      console.log(`User chose selection item '${items[e.selectionIndex]}'`)
+    }
+  })
+
+  n.show()
+})
+```
 
 #### Event: 'failed' _Windows_
 
@@ -113,6 +214,22 @@ Returns:
 
 Emitted when an error is encountered while creating and showing the native notification.
 
+```js
+const { Notification, app } = require('electron')
+
+app.whenReady().then(() => {
+  const n = new Notification({
+    title: 'Bad Action'
+  })
+
+  n.on('failed', (e, err) => {
+    console.log('Notification failed: ', err)
+  })
+
+  n.show()
+})
+```
+
 ### Instance Methods
 
 Objects created with the `new Notification()` constructor have the following instance methods:
@@ -126,12 +243,42 @@ call this method before the OS will display it.
 If the notification has been shown before, this method will dismiss the previously
 shown notification and create a new one with identical properties.
 
+```js
+const { Notification, app } = require('electron')
+
+app.whenReady().then(() => {
+  const n = new Notification({
+    title: 'Title!',
+    subtitle: 'Subtitle!',
+    body: 'Body!'
+  })
+
+  n.show()
+})
+```
+
 #### `notification.close()`
 
 Dismisses the notification.
 
 On Windows, calling `notification.close()` while the notification is visible on screen will dismiss the notification and remove it from the Action Center. If `notification.close()` is called after the notification is no longer visible on screen, calling `notification.close()` will try remove it from the Action Center.
 
+```js
+const { Notification, app } = require('electron')
+
+app.whenReady().then(() => {
+  const n = new Notification({
+    title: 'Title!',
+    subtitle: 'Subtitle!',
+    body: 'Body!'
+  })
+
+  n.show()
+
+  setTimeout(() => n.close(), 5000)
+})
+```
+
 ### Instance Properties
 
 #### `notification.title`

docs/api/process.md

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ will disable the support for `asar` archives in Node's built-in modules.
 
 ### `process.noDeprecation`
 
-A `boolean` that controls whether or not deprecation warnings are printed to `stderr`.
+A `boolean` (optional) that controls whether or not deprecation warnings are printed to `stderr`.
 Setting this to `true` will silence deprecation warnings. This property is used
 instead of the `--no-deprecation` command line flag.
 
@@ -99,13 +99,13 @@ property is used instead of the `--throw-deprecation` command line flag.
 
 A `boolean` that controls whether or not deprecations printed to `stderr` include
  their stack trace. Setting this to `true` will print stack traces for deprecations.
- This property is instead of the `--trace-deprecation` command line flag.
+ This property is used instead of the `--trace-deprecation` command line flag.
 
 ### `process.traceProcessWarnings`
 
 A `boolean` that controls whether or not process warnings printed to `stderr` include
  their stack trace. Setting this to `true` will print stack traces for process warnings
- (including deprecations). This property is instead of the `--trace-warnings` command
+ (including deprecations). This property is used instead of the `--trace-warnings` command
  line flag.
 
 ### `process.type` _Readonly_
@@ -128,8 +128,8 @@ A `string` representing Electron's version string.
 
 ### `process.windowsStore` _Readonly_
 
-A `boolean`. If the app is running as a Windows Store app (appx), this property is `true`,
-for otherwise it is `undefined`.
+A `boolean`. If the app is running as an MSIX package (including AppX for Windows Store),
+this property is `true`, otherwise it is `undefined`.
 
 ### `process.contextId` _Readonly_
 

docs/api/protocol.md

@@ -56,6 +56,15 @@ app.whenReady().then(() => {
 })
 ```
 
+## Protocol names
+
+[RFC 3986](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986#section-3.1) defines what a valid
+protocol name is:
+
+> Scheme names consist of a sequence of characters beginning with a letter and followed
+> by any combination of letters, digits, plus ("+"), period ("."), or hyphen ("-").
+> Although schemes are case-insensitive, the canonical form is lowercase […].
+
 ## Methods
 
 The `protocol` module has the following methods:

docs/api/screen.md

@@ -110,6 +110,8 @@ Returns [`Point`](structures/point.md)
 
 The current absolute position of the mouse pointer.
 
+Not supported on Wayland (Linux).
+
 > [!NOTE]
 > The return value is a DIP point, not a screen physical point.
 

docs/api/session.md

@@ -1216,7 +1216,7 @@ function createWindow () {
 
   mainWindow.webContents.session.setBluetoothPairingHandler((details, callback) => {
     bluetoothPinCallback = callback
-    // Send a IPC message to the renderer to prompt the user to confirm the pairing.
+    // Send an IPC message to the renderer to prompt the user to confirm the pairing.
     // Note that this will require logic in the renderer to handle this message and
     // display a prompt to the user.
     mainWindow.webContents.send('bluetooth-pairing-request', details)
@@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@ session.defaultSession.allowNTLMCredentialsForDomains('*')
 
 Overrides the `userAgent` and `acceptLanguages` for this session.
 
-The `acceptLanguages` must a comma separated ordered list of language codes, for
+The `acceptLanguages` must be a comma separated ordered list of language codes, for
 example `"en-US,fr,de,ko,zh-CN,ja"`.
 
 This doesn't affect existing `WebContents`, and each `WebContents` can use
@@ -1512,7 +1512,7 @@ will not work on non-persistent (in-memory) sessions.
 * `options` Object (optional)
   * `allowFileAccess` boolean - Whether to allow the extension to read local files over `file://`
     protocol and inject content scripts into `file://` pages. This is required e.g. for loading
-    devtools extensions on `file://` URLs. Defaults to false.
+    DevTools extensions on `file://` URLs. Defaults to false.
 
 Returns `Promise<Extension>` - resolves when the extension is loaded.
 
@@ -1538,7 +1538,7 @@ const path = require('node:path')
 app.whenReady().then(async () => {
   await session.defaultSession.loadExtension(
     path.join(__dirname, 'react-devtools'),
-    // allowFileAccess is required to load the devtools extension on file:// URLs.
+    // allowFileAccess is required to load the DevTools extension on file:// URLs.
     { allowFileAccess: true }
   )
   // Note that in order to use the React DevTools extension, you'll need to

docs/api/share-menu.md

@@ -9,6 +9,13 @@ For including the share menu as a submenu of other menus, please use the
 
 ## Class: ShareMenu
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+added:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/25629
+```
+-->
+
 > Create share menu on macOS.
 
 Process: [Main](../glossary.md#main-process)

docs/api/shared-texture.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # sharedTexture
 
-> Import shared textures into Electron and converts platform specific handles into [`VideoFrame`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/VideoFrame). Supports all Web rendering systems, and can be transferred across Electron processes. Read [here](https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/main/shell/common/api/shared_texture/README.md) for more information.
+> Import shared textures into Electron and converts platform specific handles into [`VideoFrame`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/VideoFrame). Supports all Web rendering systems, and can be transferred across Electron processes. Read [here](../../shell/common/api/shared_texture/README.md) for more information.
 
 Process: [Main](../glossary.md#main-process), [Renderer](../glossary.md#renderer-process)
 

docs/api/shell.md

@@ -29,6 +29,14 @@ Show the given file in a file manager. If possible, select the file.
 
 ### `shell.openPath(path)`
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+added:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/20682
+    breaking-changes-header: api-changed-shellopenitem-is-now-shellopenpath
+```
+-->
+
 * `path` string
 
 Returns `Promise<string>` - Resolves with a string containing the error message corresponding to the failure if a failure occurred, otherwise "".
@@ -37,6 +45,18 @@ Open the given file in the desktop's default manner.
 
 ### `shell.openExternal(url[, options])`
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+changes:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/4508
+    description: "Added `activate` option."
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/15065
+    description: "Added `workingDirectory` option."
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/37139
+    description: "Added `logUsage` option."
+```
+-->
+
 * `url` string - Max 2081 characters on Windows.
 * `options` Object (optional)
   * `activate` boolean (optional) _macOS_ - `true` to bring the opened application to the foreground. The default is `true`.
@@ -50,6 +70,14 @@ Open the given external protocol URL in the desktop's default manner. (For examp
 
 ### `shell.trashItem(path)`
 
+<!--
+```YAML history
+added:
+  - pr-url: https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/25114
+    breaking-changes-header: deprecated-shellmoveitemtotrash
+```
+-->
+
 * `path` string - path to the item to be moved to the trash.
 
 Returns `Promise<void>` - Resolves when the operation has been completed.
@@ -58,6 +86,10 @@ Rejects if there was an error while deleting the requested item.
 This moves a path to the OS-specific trash location (Trash on macOS, Recycle
 Bin on Windows, and a desktop-environment-specific location on Linux).
 
+The path must use the default path separator for the platform (backslash on
+Windows). Use `path.resolve()` from the `node:path` module to ensure correct
+handling on all filesystems.
+
 ### `shell.beep()`
 
 Play the beep sound.

docs/api/structures/base-window-options.md

@@ -102,9 +102,9 @@
 * `trafficLightPosition` [Point](point.md) (optional) _macOS_ -
   Set a custom position for the traffic light buttons in frameless windows.
 * `roundedCorners` boolean (optional) _macOS_ _Windows_ - Whether frameless window
-  should have rounded corners. Default is `true`. Setting this property
-  to `false` will prevent the window from being fullscreenable on macOS.
-  On Windows versions older than Windows 11 Build 22000 this property has no effect, and frameless windows will not have rounded corners.
+  should have rounded corners. Default is `true`. On Windows versions older than
+  Windows 11 Build 22000 this property has no effect, and frameless windows will
+  not have rounded corners.
 * `thickFrame` boolean (optional) _Windows_ - Use `WS_THICKFRAME` style for
   frameless windows on Windows, which adds the standard window frame. Setting it
   to `false` will remove window shadow and window animations, and disable window

docs/api/structures/custom-scheme.md

@@ -11,3 +11,5 @@
   * `stream` boolean (optional) - Default false.
   * `codeCache` boolean (optional) - Enable V8 code cache for the scheme, only
     works when `standard` is also set to true. Default false.
+  * `allowExtensions` boolean (optional) - Allow Chrome extensions to be used
+    on pages served over this protocol. Default false.

docs/api/structures/display.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 * `depthPerComponent` number - The number of bits per color component.
 * `detected` boolean - `true` if the display is detected by the system.
 * `displayFrequency` number - The display refresh rate.
-* `id` number - Unique identifier associated with the display. A value of of -1 means the display is invalid or the correct `id` is not yet known, and a value of -10 means the display is a virtual display assigned to a unified desktop.
+* `id` number - Unique identifier associated with the display. A value of -1 means the display is invalid or the correct `id` is not yet known, and a value of -10 means the display is a virtual display assigned to a unified desktop.
 * `internal` boolean - `true` for an internal display and `false` for an external display.
 * `label` string - User-friendly label, determined by the platform.
 * `maximumCursorSize` [Size](size.md) - Maximum cursor size in native pixels.

docs/api/structures/notification-action.md

@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 # NotificationAction Object
 
-* `type` string - The type of action, can be `button`.
+* `type` string - The type of action, can be `button` or `selection`. `selection` is only supported on Windows.
 * `text` string (optional) - The label for the given action.
+* `items` string[] (optional) _Windows_ - The list of items for the `selection` action `type`.
 
 ## Platform / Action Support
 
 | Action Type | Platform Support | Usage of `text` | Default `text` | Limitations |
 |-------------|------------------|-----------------|----------------|-------------|
-| `button`    | macOS            | Used as the label for the button | "Show" (or a localized string by system default if first of such `button`, otherwise empty) | Only the first one is used. If multiple are provided, those beyond the first will be listed as additional actions (displayed when mouse active over the action button). Any such action also is incompatible with `hasReply` and will be ignored if `hasReply` is `true`. |
+| `button`    | macOS, Windows   | Used as the label for the button | "Show" on macOS (localized) if first `button`, otherwise empty; Windows uses provided `text` | macOS: Only the first one is used as primary; others shown as additional actions (hover). Incompatible with `hasReply` (beyond first ignored). |
+| `selection` | Windows          | Used as the label for the submit button for the selection menu | "Select" | Requires an `items` array property specifying option labels. Emits the `action` event with `(index, selectedIndex)` where `selectedIndex` is the chosen option (>= 0). Ignored on platforms that do not support selection actions. |
 
 ### Button support on macOS
 
@@ -15,6 +17,37 @@ In order for extra notification buttons to work on macOS your app must meet the
 following criteria.
 
 * App is signed
-* App has it's `NSUserNotificationAlertStyle` set to `alert` in the `Info.plist`.
+* App has its `NSUserNotificationAlertStyle` set to `alert` in the `Info.plist`.
 
 If either of these requirements are not met the button won't appear.
+
+### Selection support on Windows
+
+To add a selection (combo box) style action, include an action with `type: 'selection'`, a `text` label for the submit button, and an `items` array of strings:
+
+```js
+const { Notification, app } = require('electron')
+
+app.whenReady().then(() => {
+  const items = ['One', 'Two', 'Three']
+  const n = new Notification({
+    title: 'Choose an option',
+    actions: [{
+      type: 'selection',
+      text: 'Apply',
+      items
+    }]
+  })
+
+  n.on('action', (e) => {
+    console.log(`User triggered action at index: ${e.actionIndex}`)
+    if (e.selectionIndex > 0) {
+      console.log(`User chose selection item '${items[e.selectionIndex]}'`)
+    }
+  })
+
+  n.show()
+})
+```
+
+When the user activates the selection action, the notification's `action` event will be emitted with two parameters: `actionIndex` (the action's index in the `actions` array) and `selectedIndex` (the zero-based index of the chosen item, or `-1` if unavailable). On non-Windows platforms selection actions are ignored.

docs/api/structures/shared-texture-handle.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # SharedTextureHandle Object
 
-* `ntHandle` Buffer (optional) _Windows_ - NT HANDLE holds the shared texture. Note that this NT HANDLE is local to current process.
+* `ntHandle` Buffer (optional) _Windows_ - NT HANDLE holds the shared texture. Note that this NT HANDLE is local to current process.  Output textures of `rgba`, `bgra`, `rgbaf16` formats don't have a keyed mutex on the texture handle, but `nv12` format texture handles do have a keyed mutex.
 * `ioSurface` Buffer (optional) _macOS_ - IOSurfaceRef holds the shared texture. Note that this IOSurface is local to current process (not global).
 * `nativePixmap` Object (optional) _Linux_ - Structure contains planes of shared texture.
   * `planes` Object[] _Linux_ - Each plane's info of the shared texture.

docs/api/structures/web-preferences.md

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 * `javascript` boolean (optional) - Enables JavaScript support. Default is `true`.
 * `webSecurity` boolean (optional) - When `false`, it will disable the
   same-origin policy (usually using testing websites by people), and set
-  `allowRunningInsecureContent` to `true` if this options has not been set
+  `allowRunningInsecureContent` to `true` if this option has not been set
   by user. Default is `true`.
 * `allowRunningInsecureContent` boolean (optional) - Allow an https page to run
   JavaScript, CSS or plugins from http URLs. Default is `false`.
@@ -156,6 +156,8 @@
   `WebContents` when the preferred size changes. Default is `false`.
 * `transparent` boolean (optional) - Whether to enable background transparency for the guest page. Default is `true`. **Note:** The guest page's text and background colors are derived from the [color scheme](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/color-scheme) of its root element. When transparency is enabled, the text color will still change accordingly but the background will remain transparent.
 * `enableDeprecatedPaste` boolean (optional) _Deprecated_ - Whether to enable the `paste` [execCommand](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/execCommand). Default is `false`.
+* `focusOnNavigation` boolean (optional) - Whether to focus the WebContents
+  when navigating. Default is `true`.
 
 [chrome-content-scripts]: https://developer.chrome.com/extensions/content_scripts#execution-environment
 [runtime-enabled-features]: https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/blink/renderer/platform/runtime_enabled_features.json5

docs/api/utility-process.md

@@ -36,6 +36,12 @@ Process: [Main](../glossary.md#main-process)<br />
     `com.apple.security.cs.allow-unsigned-executable-memory` entitlements. This will allow the utility process
     to load unsigned libraries. Unless you specifically need this capability, it is best to leave this disabled.
     Default is `false`.
+  * `disclaim` boolean (optional) _macOS_ - With this flag, the utility process will disclaim
+    responsibility for the child process. This causes the operating system to consider the child
+    process as a separate entity for purposes of security policies like Transparency, Consent, and
+    Control (TCC). When responsibility is disclaimed, the parent process will not be attributed
+    for any TCC requests initiated by the child process. This is useful when launching processes
+    that run third-party or otherwise untrusted code. Default is `false`.
   * `respondToAuthRequestsFromMainProcess` boolean (optional) - With this flag, all HTTP 401 and 407 network
     requests created via the [net module](net.md) will allow responding to them via the
     [`app#login`](app.md#event-login) event in the main process instead of the default

docs/api/web-contents.md

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ console.log(webContents)
 ### `webContents.getAllWebContents()`
 
 Returns `WebContents[]` - An array of all `WebContents` instances. This will contain web contents
-for all windows, webviews, opened devtools, and devtools extension background pages.
+for all windows, webviews, opened DevTools, and DevTools extension background pages.
 
 ### `webContents.getFocusedWebContents()`
 
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ Emitted after a server side redirect occurs during navigation.  For example a 30
 redirect.
 
 This event cannot be prevented, if you want to prevent redirects you should
-checkout out the `will-redirect` event above.
+check out the `will-redirect` event above.
 
 #### Event: 'did-navigate'
 
@@ -933,7 +933,7 @@ copying data between CPU and GPU memory, with Chromium's hardware acceleration s
 Only a limited number of textures can exist at the same time, so it's important that you call `texture.release()` as soon as you're done with the texture.
 By managing the texture lifecycle by yourself, you can safely pass the `texture.textureInfo` to other processes through IPC.
 
-More details can be found in the [offscreen rendering tutorial](../tutorial/offscreen-rendering.md). To learn about how to handle the texture in native code, refer to [offscreen rendering's code documentation.](https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/main/shell/browser/osr/README.md).
+More details can be found in the [offscreen rendering tutorial](../tutorial/offscreen-rendering.md). To learn about how to handle the texture in native code, refer to [offscreen rendering's code documentation.](../../shell/browser/osr/README.md).
 
 ```js
 const { BrowserWindow } = require('electron')
@@ -958,7 +958,7 @@ win.loadURL('https://github.com')
 
 #### Event: 'devtools-reload-page'
 
-Emitted when the devtools window instructs the webContents to reload
+Emitted when the DevTools window instructs the webContents to reload
 
 #### Event: 'will-attach-webview'
 
@@ -1465,7 +1465,7 @@ Ignore application menu shortcuts while this web contents is focused.
   without a recognized 'action' value will result in a console error and have
   the same effect as returning `{action: 'deny'}`.
 
-Called before creating a window a new window is requested by the renderer, e.g.
+Called before creating a window when a new window is requested by the renderer, e.g.
 by `window.open()`, a link with `target="_blank"`, shift+clicking on a link, or
 submitting a form with `<form target="_blank">`. See
 [`window.open()`](window-open.md) for more details and how to use this in
@@ -1485,6 +1485,11 @@ mainWindow.webContents.setWindowOpenHandler((details) => {
       const browserView = new BrowserView(options)
       mainWindow.addBrowserView(browserView)
       browserView.setBounds({ x: 0, y: 0, width: 640, height: 480 })
+      // For `background-tab` disposition (e.g., when middle-clicking or ctrl/cmd-clicking a link),
+      // `options.webContents` is undefined because its creation can be deferred. So load the URL manually.
+      if (details.disposition === 'background-tab') {
+        browserView.webContents.loadURL(details.url)
+      }
       return browserView.webContents
     }
   }
@@ -1748,11 +1753,12 @@ Returns `Promise<PrinterInfo[]>` - Resolves with a [`PrinterInfo[]`](structures/
   * `footer` string (optional) - string to be printed as page footer.
   * `pageSize` string | Size (optional) - Specify page size of the printed document. Can be `A0`, `A1`, `A2`, `A3`,
   `A4`, `A5`, `A6`, `Legal`, `Letter`, `Tabloid` or an Object containing `height` and `width`.
+  * `usePrinterDefaultPageSize` boolean (optional) - Whether to use a given printer's default page size. Default is `false`. Cannot be combined with `pageSize`. When `deviceName` is provided, uses the default page size of that specific printer. When `deviceName` is not provided, uses the default page size of the system's default printer. If the printer's default page size cannot be retrieved, falls back to A4 (210mm x 297mm).
 * `callback` Function (optional)
   * `success` boolean - Indicates success of the print call.
   * `failureReason` string - Error description called back if the print fails.
 
-When a custom `pageSize` is passed, Chromium attempts to validate platform specific minimum values for `width_microns` and `height_microns`. Width and height must both be minimum 353 microns but may be higher on some operating systems.
+When a custom `pageSize` is passed, Chromium attempts to validate platform specific minimum values for `width_microns` and `height_microns`. Width and height must both be minimum 353 microns but may be higher on some operating systems. If a valid `pageSize` is not passed and `usePrinterDefaultPageSize` is `false`, an error will be thrown.
 
 Prints window's web page. When `silent` is set to `true`, Electron will pick
 the system's default printer if `deviceName` is empty and the default settings for printing.
@@ -1865,66 +1871,20 @@ Removes the specified path from DevTools workspace.
 
 * `devToolsWebContents` WebContents
 
-Uses the `devToolsWebContents` as the target `WebContents` to show devtools.
+Uses the `devToolsWebContents` as the target `WebContents` to show DevTools.
 
 The `devToolsWebContents` must not have done any navigation, and it should not
 be used for other purposes after the call.
 
-By default Electron manages the devtools by creating an internal `WebContents`
+By default, Electron manages the DevTools by creating an internal `WebContents`
 with native view, which developers have very limited control of. With the
 `setDevToolsWebContents` method, developers can use any `WebContents` to show
-the devtools in it, including `BrowserWindow`, `BrowserView` and `<webview>`
-tag.
+the DevTools in it, such as [`BrowserWindow`](./browser-window.md) or [`WebContentsView`](./web-contents-view.md).
 
-Note that closing the devtools does not destroy the `devToolsWebContents`, it
-is caller's responsibility to destroy `devToolsWebContents`.
+Note that closing the DevTools does not destroy the `devToolsWebContents`, it
+is the caller's responsibility to destroy `devToolsWebContents` manually.
 
-An example of showing devtools in a `<webview>` tag:
-
-```html
-<html>
-<head>
-  <style type="text/css">
-    * { margin: 0; }
-    #browser { height: 70%; }
-    #devtools { height: 30%; }
-  </style>
-</head>
-<body>
-  <webview id="browser" src="https://github.com"></webview>
-  <webview id="devtools" src="about:blank"></webview>
-  <script>
-    const { ipcRenderer } = require('electron')
-    const emittedOnce = (element, eventName) => new Promise(resolve => {
-      element.addEventListener(eventName, event => resolve(event), { once: true })
-    })
-    const browserView = document.getElementById('browser')
-    const devtoolsView = document.getElementById('devtools')
-    const browserReady = emittedOnce(browserView, 'dom-ready')
-    const devtoolsReady = emittedOnce(devtoolsView, 'dom-ready')
-    Promise.all([browserReady, devtoolsReady]).then(() => {
-      const targetId = browserView.getWebContentsId()
-      const devtoolsId = devtoolsView.getWebContentsId()
-      ipcRenderer.send('open-devtools', targetId, devtoolsId)
-    })
-  </script>
-</body>
-</html>
-```
-
-```js
-// Main process
-const { ipcMain, webContents } = require('electron')
-
-ipcMain.on('open-devtools', (event, targetContentsId, devtoolsContentsId) => {
-  const target = webContents.fromId(targetContentsId)
-  const devtools = webContents.fromId(devtoolsContentsId)
-  target.setDevToolsWebContents(devtools)
-  target.openDevTools()
-})
-```
-
-An example of showing devtools in a `BrowserWindow`:
+An example of showing DevTools in a `BrowserWindow`:
 
 ```js title='main.js'
 const { app, BrowserWindow } = require('electron')
@@ -1944,31 +1904,31 @@ app.whenReady().then(() => {
 #### `contents.openDevTools([options])`
 
 * `options` Object (optional)
-  * `mode` string - Opens the devtools with specified dock state, can be
+  * `mode` string - Opens the DevTools with specified dock state, can be
     `left`, `right`, `bottom`, `undocked`, `detach`. Defaults to last used dock state.
     In `undocked` mode it's possible to dock back. In `detach` mode it's not.
-  * `activate` boolean (optional) - Whether to bring the opened devtools window
+  * `activate` boolean (optional) - Whether to bring the opened DevTools window
     to the foreground. The default is `true`.
   * `title` string (optional) - A title for the DevTools window (only in `undocked` or `detach` mode).
 
-Opens the devtools.
+Opens the DevTools.
 
 When `contents` is a `<webview>` tag, the `mode` would be `detach` by default,
 explicitly passing an empty `mode` can force using last used dock state.
 
-On Windows, if Windows Control Overlay is enabled, Devtools will be opened with `mode: 'detach'`.
+On Windows, if Windows Control Overlay is enabled, DevTools will be opened with `mode: 'detach'`.
 
 #### `contents.closeDevTools()`
 
-Closes the devtools.
+Closes the DevTools view.
 
 #### `contents.isDevToolsOpened()`
 
-Returns `boolean` - Whether the devtools is opened.
+Returns `boolean` - Whether the DevTools view is opened.
 
 #### `contents.isDevToolsFocused()`
 
-Returns `boolean` - Whether the devtools view is focused .
+Returns `boolean` - Whether the DevTools view is focused .
 
 #### `contents.getDevToolsTitle()`
 
@@ -2214,7 +2174,7 @@ Returns `boolean` - If _offscreen rendering_ is enabled returns whether it is cu
 * `fps` Integer
 
 If _offscreen rendering_ is enabled sets the frame rate to the specified number.
-Only values between 1 and 240 are accepted.
+When `webPreferences.offscreen.useSharedTexture` is `false` only values between 1 and 240 are accepted.
 
 #### `contents.getFrameRate()`
 
@@ -2280,6 +2240,16 @@ Returns `string` - The identifier of a WebContents stream. This identifier can b
 with `navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia` using a `chromeMediaSource` of `tab`.
 The identifier is restricted to the web contents that it is registered to and is only valid for 10 seconds.
 
+#### `contents.getOrCreateDevToolsTargetId()`
+
+Returns `string` - The Chrome DevTools Protocol
+[TargetID](https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/tot/Target/#type-TargetID)
+associated with this WebContents. This is the reverse of
+[`webContents.fromDevToolsTargetId()`](#webcontentsfromdevtoolstargetidtargetid).
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> This method creates a new DevTools agent for this WebContents if one does not already exist.
+
 #### `contents.getOSProcessId()`
 
 Returns `Integer` - The operating system `pid` of the associated renderer
@@ -2410,11 +2380,12 @@ A [`NavigationHistory`](navigation-history.md) used by this webContents.
 
 #### `contents.hostWebContents` _Readonly_
 
-A [`WebContents`](web-contents.md) instance that might own this `WebContents`.
+A `WebContents | null` property that represents a [`WebContents`](web-contents.md)
+instance that might own this `WebContents`.
 
 #### `contents.devToolsWebContents` _Readonly_
 
-A `WebContents | null` property that represents the of DevTools `WebContents` associated with a given `WebContents`.
+A `WebContents | null` property that represents the DevTools `WebContents` associated with a given `WebContents`.
 
 > [!NOTE]
 > Users should never store this object because it may become `null`

docs/api/web-frame.md

@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ dispatch errors of isolated worlds to foreign worlds.
 * `info` Object
   * `securityOrigin` string (optional) - Security origin for the isolated world.
   * `csp` string (optional) - Content Security Policy for the isolated world.
-  * `name` string (optional) - Name for isolated world. Useful in devtools.
+  * `name` string (optional) - Name for isolated world. Useful in DevTools.
 
 Set the security origin, content security policy and name of the isolated world.
 

docs/api/webview-tag.md

@@ -588,6 +588,7 @@ Stops any `findInPage` request for the `webview` with the provided `action`.
   * `footer` string (optional) - string to be printed as page footer.
   * `pageSize` string | Size (optional) - Specify page size of the printed document. Can be `A3`,
   `A4`, `A5`, `Legal`, `Letter`, `Tabloid` or an Object containing `height` in microns.
+  * `usePrinterDefaultPageSize` boolean (optional) - Whether to use the system's default page size. Default is `false`. Cannot be combined with `pageSize`. When `deviceName` is provided, uses the default page size of that specific printer. When `deviceName` is not provided, uses the default page size of the system's default printer. If the printer's default page size cannot be retrieved, falls back to A4 (210mm x 297mm).
 
 Returns `Promise<void>`
 

docs/breaking-changes.md

@@ -12,6 +12,22 @@ This document uses the following convention to categorize breaking changes:
 * **Deprecated:** An API was marked as deprecated. The API will continue to function, but will emit a deprecation warning, and will be removed in a future release.
 * **Removed:** An API or feature was removed, and is no longer supported by Electron.
 
+## Planned Breaking API Changes (41.0)
+
+### Behavior Changed: PDFs no longer create a separate WebContents
+
+Previously, PDF resources created a separate guest [WebContents](https://www.electronjs.org/docs/latest/api/web-contents) for rendering. Now, PDFs are rendered within the same WebContents instead. If you have code to detect PDF resources, use the [frame tree](https://www.electronjs.org/docs/latest/api/web-frame-main) instead of WebContents.
+
+Under the hood, Chromium [enabled](https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/7239572) a feature that changes PDFs to use out-of-process iframes (OOPIFs) instead of the `MimeHandlerViewGuest` extension.
+
+### Behavior Changed: Updated Cookie Change Cause in the Cookie 'changed' Event
+
+We have updated the [cookie](https://www.electronjs.org/docs/latest/api/cookies#event-changed) change cause in the cookie 'changed' event.
+When a new cookie is set, the change cause is `inserted`.
+When a cookie is deleted, the change cause remains `explicit`.
+When the cookie being set is identical to an existing one (same name, domain, path, and value, with no actual changes), the change cause is `inserted-no-change-overwrite`.
+When the value of the cookie being set remains unchanged but some of its attributes are updated, such as the expiration attribute, the change cause will be `inserted-no-value-change-overwrite`.
+
 ## Planned Breaking API Changes (40.0)
 
 ### Deprecated: `clipboard` API access from renderer processes
@@ -25,6 +41,12 @@ your preload script and expose it using the [contextBridge](https://www.electron
 Debug symbols for MacOS (dSYM) now use xz compression in order to handle larger file sizes. `dsym.zip` files are now
 `dsym.tar.xz` files. End users using debug symbols may need to update their zip utilities.
 
+### Deprecated: `showHiddenFiles` in Dialogs on Linux
+
+This property will still be honored on macOS and Windows, but support on Linux
+will be removed in Electron 42. GTK intends for this to be a user choice rather
+than an app choice and has removed the API to do this programmatically.
+
 ## Planned Breaking API Changes (39.0)
 
 ### Deprecated: `--host-rules` command line switch
@@ -50,6 +72,22 @@ webContents.setWindowOpenHandler((details) => {
 })
 ```
 
+### Behavior Changed: `NSAudioCaptureUsageDescription` should be included in your app's Info.plist file to use `desktopCapturer` (🍏 macOS ≥14.2)
+
+Per [Chromium update](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/ad17e8f8b93d5f34891b06085d373a668918255e) which enables Apple's newer [CoreAudio Tap API](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/CoreAudio/capturing-system-audio-with-core-audio-taps#Configure-the-sample-code-project) by default, you now must have `NSAudioCaptureUsageDescription` defined in your `Info.plist` to use `desktopCapturer`.
+
+Electron's `desktopCapturer` will create a dead audio stream if the new permission is absent however no errors or warnings will occur. This is partially a side-effect of Chromium not falling back to the older `Screen & System Audio Recording` permissions system if the new system fails.
+
+To restore previous behavior:
+
+```js
+// main.js (right beneath your require/import statments)
+app.commandLine.appendSwitch(
+  'disable-features',
+  'MacCatapLoopbackAudioForScreenShare'
+)
+```
+
 ### Behavior Changed: shared texture OSR `paint` event data structure
 
 When using shared texture offscreen rendering feature, the `paint` event now emits a more structured object.
@@ -68,7 +106,7 @@ Users can force XWayland by passing `--ozone-platform=x11`.
 ### Removed: `ORIGINAL_XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP` environment variable
 
 Previously, Electron changed the value of `XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP` internally to `Unity`, and stored the original name of the desktop session
-in a separate variable. `XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP` is no longer overriden and now reflects the actual desktop environment.
+in a separate variable. `XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP` is no longer overridden and now reflects the actual desktop environment.
 
 ### Removed: macOS 11 support
 
@@ -149,7 +187,7 @@ window is not currently visible.
 
 `app.commandLine` was only meant to handle chromium switches (which aren't case-sensitive) and switches passed via `app.commandLine` will not be passed down to any of the child processes.
 
-If you were using `app.commandLine` to control the behavior of the  main process, you should do this via `process.argv`.
+If you were using `app.commandLine` to control the behavior of the main process, you should do this via `process.argv`.
 
 ### Deprecated: `NativeImage.getBitmap()`
 
@@ -179,7 +217,7 @@ from upstream Chromium.
 ### Deprecated: `null` value for `session` property in `ProtocolResponse`
 
 Previously, setting the ProtocolResponse.session property to `null`
-Would create a random independent session. This is no longer supported.
+would create a random independent session. This is no longer supported.
 
 Using single-purpose sessions here is discouraged due to overhead costs;
 however, old code that needs to preserve this behavior can emulate it by
@@ -190,7 +228,7 @@ and then using it in `ProtocolResponse.session`.
 
 When calling `Session.clearStorageData(options)`, the `options.quota`
 property is deprecated. Since the `syncable` type was removed, there
-is only type left -- `'temporary'` -- so specifying it is unnecessary.
+is only one type left -- `'temporary'` -- so specifying it is unnecessary.
 
 ### Deprecated: Extension methods and events on `session`
 
@@ -519,7 +557,7 @@ more information.
 
 ### Removed: The `--disable-color-correct-rendering` switch
 
-This switch was never formally documented but it's removal is being noted here regardless. Chromium itself now has better support for color spaces so this flag should not be needed.
+This switch was never formally documented but its removal is being noted here regardless. Chromium itself now has better support for color spaces so this flag should not be needed.
 
 ### Behavior Changed: `BrowserView.setAutoResize` behavior on macOS
 
@@ -1210,7 +1248,7 @@ more details.
 
 ### API Changed: `webContents.printToPDF()`
 
-`webContents.printToPDF()` has been modified to conform to [`Page.printToPDF`](https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/tot/Page/#method-printToPDF) in the Chrome DevTools Protocol. This has been changes in order to
+`webContents.printToPDF()` has been modified to conform to [`Page.printToPDF`](https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/tot/Page/#method-printToPDF) in the Chrome DevTools Protocol. This has been changed in order to
 address changes upstream that made our previous implementation untenable and rife with bugs.
 
 **Arguments Changed**
@@ -2677,6 +2715,18 @@ Replace with: https://atom.io/download/electron
 
 The following list includes the breaking API changes made in Electron 2.0.
 
+### `autoUpdater`
+
+```js
+// Deprecated
+autoUpdater.setFeedURL(url, headers)
+// Replace with
+autoUpdater.setFeedURL({
+  url,
+  headers
+})
+```
+
 ### `BrowserWindow`
 
 ```js

docs/development/build-instructions-gn.md

@@ -6,30 +6,104 @@ Follow the guidelines below for building **Electron itself**, for the purposes o
 
 ## Platform prerequisites
 
-Check the build prerequisites for your platform before proceeding
+Check the build prerequisites for your platform before proceeding:
 
 * [macOS](build-instructions-macos.md#prerequisites)
 * [Linux](build-instructions-linux.md#prerequisites)
 * [Windows](build-instructions-windows.md#prerequisites)
 
-## Build Tools
+## Setting up `@electron/build-tools` (recommended)
 
-[Electron's Build Tools](https://github.com/electron/build-tools) automate much of the setup for compiling Electron from source with different configurations and build targets. If you wish to set up the environment manually, the instructions are listed below.
+[Electron Build Tools](https://github.com/electron/build-tools) automate much of the setup for
+compiling Electron from source with different configurations and build targets.
+Most of the [manual setup](#manual-setup-advanced) instructions can be replaced by simpler Build Tools commands.
+
+> [!TIP]
+> Build Tools also gives you access to [remote execution and caching of build actions](./reclient.md),
+> which will dramatically improve build times.
+
+Electron Build Tools can be installed globally from npm:
+
+```sh
+npm install -g @electron/build-tools
+```
+
+Once installed, the `e` command should be globally available in your command line. The `e init`
+command bootstraps a local checkout of Electron:
+
+```sh
+# The 'Hello, World!' of build-tools: get and build `main`
+# Choose the directory where Electron's source and build files will reside.
+# You can specify any path you like; this command defaults to `$PWD/electron`.
+# If you're going to use multiple branches, you may want something like:
+# `--root=~/electron/branch` (e.g. `~/electron-gn/main`)
+e init --root=~/electron --bootstrap testing
+```
+
+The `--bootstrap` flag also runs `e sync` (synchronizes source code branches from
+[`DEPS`](../../DEPS) using
+[`gclient`](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/tools/depot_tools.git/+/HEAD/README.gclient.md))
+and `e build` (compiles the Electron binary into the `${root}/src/out` folder).
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+>
+> Sometime after the initial `e sync` phase, you will be asked to run `e d rbe login` to auth into
+> remote build execution and proceed into the build. This may take about 20-30 minutes!
+
+Once the build is done compiling, you can test it by running `e start` (or by loading it into
+[Electron Fiddle](http://electronjs.org/fiddle)).
+
+### Navigating the project
+
+Some quick tips on building once your checkout is set up:
+
+* **Directory structure:** Within the project, Chromium code is synced to `${root}/src/` while Electron's code (i.e. code in
+  https://github.com/electron/electron) lives in `${root}/src/electron/`. Note that both directories
+  have their own git repositories.
+* **Updating your checkout:** Run git commands such as `git checkout <branch>` and `git pull` from `${root}/src/electron`.
+  Whenever you update your commit `HEAD`, make sure to `e sync` before `e build` to sync dependencies
+  such as Chromium and Node.js. This is especially relevant because the Chromium version in
+  [`DEPS`](../../DEPS) changes frequently.
+* **Rebuilding:** When making changes to code in `${root}/src/electron/` in a local branch, you only need to re-run `e build`.
+* **Adding patches:** When contributing changes in `${root}/src/` outside of `${root}/src/electron/`, you need to do so
+  via Electron's [patch system](./patches.md). The `e patches` command can export all relevant patches to
+  `${root}/src/electron/patches/` once your code change is ready.
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> Unless you're applying upstream patches, you should treat `${root}/src/` as a read-only folder and
+> spend most of your development time in `${root}/src/electron/`. You should not need to make any
+> changes or run `git` commands in `${root}/src/`.
+
+> [!TIP]
+> Detailed documentation for all available `e` commands can be found in the
+> repository's [README.md](https://github.com/electron/build-tools/blob/main/README.md). You can
+> also run `e --help` to list all commands and use the `--help` flag on any command to get more
+> usage info.
+
+> [!TIP]
+> For more information on project structure, see the [Source Code Directory Structure](./source-code-directory-structure.md)
+> guide.
+
+<details>
+<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line MD033 -->
+<summary><strong>Manual setup (advanced)</strong></summary>
+
+## Manual setup (advanced)
 
 Electron uses [GN](https://gn.googlesource.com/gn) for project generation and
-[ninja](https://ninja-build.org/) for building. Project configurations can
-be found in the `.gn` and `.gni` files.
+[siso](https://chromium.googlesource.com/build/+/refs/heads/main/siso/README.md) for building.
+Project configurations can be found in the `.gn` and `.gni` files in the `electron/electron` repo.
 
-## GN Files
+### GN files
 
 The following `gn` files contain the main rules for building Electron:
 
-* `BUILD.gn` defines how Electron itself is built and
-  includes the default configurations for linking with Chromium.
-* `build/args/{testing,release,all}.gn` contain the default build arguments for
-  building Electron.
+* [`BUILD.gn`](../../BUILD.gn) defines how Electron itself
+  is built and includes the default configurations for linking with Chromium.
+* [`build/args/{testing,release,all}.gn`](https://github.com/electron/electron/tree/main/build/args)
+  contain the default build arguments for building Electron.
 
-## GN prerequisites
+### GN prerequisites
 
 You'll need to install [`depot_tools`][depot-tools], the toolset
 used for fetching Chromium and its dependencies.
@@ -56,7 +130,7 @@ $ mkdir -p "${GIT_CACHE_PATH}"
 # This will use about 16G.
 ```
 
-## Getting the code
+### Getting the code
 
 ```sh
 $ mkdir electron && cd electron
@@ -68,7 +142,7 @@ $ gclient sync --with_branch_heads --with_tags
 > Instead of `https://github.com/electron/electron`, you can use your own fork
 > here (something like `https://github.com/<username>/electron`).
 
-### A note on pulling/pushing
+#### A note on pulling/pushing
 
 If you intend to `git pull` or `git push` from the official `electron`
 repository in the future, you now need to update the respective folder's
@@ -83,12 +157,13 @@ $ git branch --set-upstream-to=origin/main
 $ cd -
 ```
 
-:memo: `gclient` works by checking a file called `DEPS` inside the
-`src/electron` folder for dependencies (like Chromium or Node.js).
+> [!TIP]
+> `gclient` works by checking a file called `DEPS` inside the
+`${root}/src/electron` folder for dependencies (like Chromium or Node.js).
 Running `gclient sync -f` ensures that all dependencies required
 to build Electron match that file.
 
-So, in order to pull, you'd run the following commands:
+In order to pull, you'd run the following commands:
 
 ```sh
 $ cd src/electron
@@ -96,7 +171,7 @@ $ git pull
 $ gclient sync -f
 ```
 
-## Building
+### Building
 
 **Set the environment variable for chromium build tools**
 
@@ -156,7 +231,7 @@ $ gn gen out/Release --args="import(\`"//electron/build/args/release.gn\`")"
 ```
 
 > [!NOTE]
-> This will generate a `out/Testing` or `out/Release` build directory under `src/` with the testing or release build depending upon the configuration passed above. You can replace `Testing|Release` with another names, but it should be a subdirectory of `out`.
+> This will generate a `out/Testing` or `out/Release` build directory under `${root}/src/` with the testing or release build depending upon the configuration passed above. You can replace `Testing|Release` with another names, but it should be a subdirectory of `out`.
 
 Also you shouldn't have to run `gn gen` again—if you want to change the build arguments, you can run `gn args out/Testing` to bring up an editor. To see the list of available build configuration options, run `gn args out/Testing --list`.
 
@@ -189,7 +264,7 @@ $ ./out/Testing/electron.exe
 $ ./out/Testing/electron
 ```
 
-### Packaging
+#### Packaging
 
 To package the electron build as a distributable zip file:
 
@@ -197,7 +272,7 @@ To package the electron build as a distributable zip file:
 $ ninja -C out/Release electron:electron_dist_zip
 ```
 
-### Cross-compiling
+#### Cross-compiling
 
 To compile for a platform that isn't the same as the one you're building on,
 set the `target_cpu` and `target_os` GN arguments. For example, to compile an
@@ -223,7 +298,7 @@ and [`target_cpu`][target_cpu values].
 [target_os values]: https://gn.googlesource.com/gn/+/main/docs/reference.md#built_in-predefined-variables-target_os_the-desired-operating-system-for-the-build-possible-values
 [target_cpu values]: https://gn.googlesource.com/gn/+/main/docs/reference.md#built_in-predefined-variables-target_cpu_the-desired-cpu-architecture-for-the-build-possible-values
 
-#### Windows on Arm (experimental)
+#### Windows on Arm
 
 To cross-compile for Windows on Arm, [follow Chromium's guide](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/docs/windows_build_instructions.md#Visual-Studio) to get the necessary dependencies, SDK and libraries, then build with `ELECTRON_BUILDING_WOA=1` in your environment before running `gclient sync`.
 
@@ -241,12 +316,12 @@ gclient sync -f --with_branch_heads --with_tags
 
 Next, run `gn gen` as above with `target_cpu="arm64"`.
 
-## Tests
+### Tests
 
 To run the tests, you'll first need to build the test modules against the
 same version of Node.js that was built as part of the build process. To
 generate build headers for the modules to compile against, run the following
-under `src/` directory.
+under `${root}/src/` directory.
 
 ```sh
 $ ninja -C out/Testing electron:node_headers
@@ -262,7 +337,7 @@ $ npm run test -- \
   --enable-logging -g 'BrowserWindow module'
 ```
 
-## Sharing the git cache between multiple machines
+### Sharing the git cache between multiple machines
 
 It is possible to share the gclient git cache with other machines by exporting it as
 SMB share on linux, but only one process/machine can be using the cache at a
@@ -284,11 +359,14 @@ This can be set quickly in powershell (ran as administrator):
 New-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Lanmanworkstation\Parameters" -Name DirectoryCacheLifetime -Value 0 -PropertyType DWORD -Force
 ```
 
+</details>
+
 ## Troubleshooting
 
-### gclient sync complains about rebase
+### `sync` complains about rebase
 
-If `gclient sync` is interrupted the git tree may be left in a bad state, leading to a cryptic message when running `gclient sync` in the future:
+If `e sync` (or `gclient sync`) is interrupted, the git tree may be left in a bad state, leading to
+a cryptic message when running `sync` in the future:
 
 ```plaintext
 2> Conflict while rebasing this branch.
@@ -296,17 +374,19 @@ If `gclient sync` is interrupted the git tree may be left in a bad state, leadin
 2> See man git-rebase for details.
 ```
 
-If there are no git conflicts or rebases in `src/electron`, you may need to abort a `git am` in `src`:
+If there are no git conflicts or rebases in `${root}/src/electron`, you may need to abort a `git am`
+in `${root}/src`:
 
 ```sh
 $ cd ../
 $ git am --abort
 $ cd electron
-$ gclient sync -f
+$ e sync -f
 ```
 
-This may also happen if you have checked out a branch (as opposed to having a detached head) in `electron/src/`
-or some other dependency’s repository. If that is the case, a `git checkout --detach HEAD` in the appropriate repository should do the trick.
+This may also happen if you have checked out a branch (as opposed to having a detached head) in `${root}/src/`
+or some other dependency’s repository. If that is the case, a `git checkout --detach HEAD` in the
+appropriate repository should do the trick.
 
 ### I'm being asked for a username/password for chromium-internal.googlesource.com
 
@@ -315,16 +395,6 @@ If you see a prompt for `Username for 'https://chrome-internal.googlesource.com'
 your locally installed version of Visual Studio (by default, `depot_tools` will
 try to download a Google-internal version that only Googlers have access to).
 
-### `e` Module not found
-
-If `e` is not recognized despite running `npm i -g @electron/build-tools`, ie:
-
-```sh
-Error: Cannot find module '/Users/<user>/.electron_build_tools/src/e'
-```
-
-We recommend installing Node through [nvm](https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm). This allows for easier Node version management, and is often a fix for missing `e` modules.
-
 ### RBE authentication randomly fails with "Token not valid"
 
 This could be caused by the local clock time on the machine being off by a small amount. Use [time.is](https://time.is/) to check.

docs/development/build-instructions-macos.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Follow the guidelines below for building **Electron itself** on macOS, for the p
 
 ## Prerequisites
 
-* macOS >= 11.6.0
+* macOS >= 12
 * [Xcode](https://developer.apple.com/technologies/tools/). The exact version
   needed depends on what branch you are building, but the latest version of
   Xcode is generally a good bet for building `main`.
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ If you are on arm64 architecture, the build script may be pointing to the wrong
 
 ### Certificates fail to verify
 
-installing [`certifi`](https://pypi.org/project/certifi/) will fix the following error:
+Installing [`certifi`](https://pypi.org/project/certifi/) will fix the following error:
 
 ```sh
 ________ running 'python3 src/tools/clang/scripts/update.py' in '/Users/<user>/electron'

docs/development/creating-api.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This is not a comprehensive end-all guide to creating an Electron Browser API, r
 
 ## Add your files to Electron's project configuration
 
-Electron uses [GN](https://gn.googlesource.com/gn) as a meta build system to generate files for its compiler, [Ninja](https://ninja-build.org/). This means that in order to tell Electron to compile your code, we have to add your API's code and header file names into [`filenames.gni`](https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/main/filenames.gni).
+Electron uses [GN](https://gn.googlesource.com/gn) as a meta build system to generate files for its compiler, [Ninja](https://ninja-build.org/). This means that in order to tell Electron to compile your code, we have to add your API's code and header file names into [`filenames.gni`](../../filenames.gni).
 
 You will need to append your API file names alphabetically into the appropriate files like so:
 
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ void Initialize(v8::Local<v8::Object> exports,
 
 ## Link your Electron API with Node
 
-In the [`typings/internal-ambient.d.ts`](https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/main/typings/internal-ambient.d.ts) file, we need to append a new property onto the `Process` interface like so:
+In the [`typings/internal-ambient.d.ts`](../../typings/internal-ambient.d.ts) file, we need to append a new property onto the `Process` interface like so:
 
 ```ts title='typings/internal-ambient.d.ts' @ts-nocheck
 interface Process {
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ At the very bottom of your `api_name.cc` file:
 NODE_LINKED_BINDING_CONTEXT_AWARE(electron_browser_{api_name},Initialize)
 ```
 
-In your [`shell/common/node_bindings.cc`](https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/main/shell/common/node_bindings.cc) file, add your node binding name to Electron's built-in modules.
+In your [`shell/common/node_bindings.cc`](../../shell/common/node_bindings.cc) file, add your node binding name to Electron's built-in modules.
 
 ```cpp title='shell/common/node_bindings.cc'
 #define ELECTRON_BROWSER_MODULES(V)      \
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ We will need to create a new TypeScript file in the path that follows:
 
 `"lib/browser/api/{electron_browser_{api_name}}.ts"`
 
-An example of the contents of this file can be found [here](https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/main/lib/browser/api/native-theme.ts).
+An example of the contents of this file can be found [here](../../lib/browser/api/native-theme.ts).
 
 ### Expose your module to TypeScript
 

docs/development/debugging-on-windows.md

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ with breakpoints inside Electron's source code.
   format.
 
 * **ProcMon**: The [free SysInternals tool][sys-internals] allows you to inspect
-  a processes parameters, file handles, and registry operations.
+  a process's parameters, file handles, and registry operations.
 
 ## Attaching to and Debugging Electron
 

docs/development/patches.md

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ $ ../../electron/script/git-import-patches ../../electron/patches/node
 $ ../../electron/script/git-export-patches -o ../../electron/patches/node
 ```
 
-Note that `git-import-patches` will mark the commit that was `HEAD` when it was run as `refs/patches/upstream-head`. This lets you keep track of which commits are from Electron patches (those that come after `refs/patches/upstream-head`) and which commits are in upstream (those before `refs/patches/upstream-head`).
+Note that `git-import-patches` will mark the commit that was `HEAD` when it was run as `refs/patches/upstream-head` (and a checkout-specific `refs/patches/upstream-head-<hash>` so that gclient worktrees sharing a `.git/refs` directory don't clobber each other). This lets you keep track of which commits are from Electron patches (those that come after `refs/patches/upstream-head`) and which commits are in upstream (those before `refs/patches/upstream-head`).
 
 #### Resolving conflicts
 

docs/development/pull-requests.md

@@ -21,24 +21,33 @@
 
 ### Step 1: Fork
 
-Fork the project [on GitHub](https://github.com/electron/electron) and clone your fork
-locally.
-
-```sh
-$ git clone git@github.com:username/electron.git
-$ cd electron
-$ git remote add upstream https://github.com/electron/electron.git
-$ git fetch upstream
-```
+Fork Electron's [GitHub repository](https://github.com/electron/electron).
 
 ### Step 2: Build
 
-Build steps and dependencies differ slightly depending on your operating system.
-See these detailed guides on building Electron locally:
+We recommend using [`@electron/build-tools`](https://github.com/electron/build-tools) to build
+Electron itself.
 
-* [Building on macOS](build-instructions-macos.md)
-* [Building on Linux](build-instructions-linux.md)
-* [Building on Windows](build-instructions-windows.md)
+```sh
+# Install build-tools package globally:
+npm install -g @electron/build-tools
+# Run the init script where you want to clone the project and point it to your fork:
+e init --fork my-org/electron --bootstrap testing
+```
+
+This will create a new `electron` folder in your working directory and initialize the project.
+Once the build completes, navigate to `electron/src/electron`, where your fork is actually cloned.
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> Your Electron project has a complex folder structure with nested repositories.
+> See the [Build Instructions](./build-instructions-gn.md) docs for detailed Build Tools
+> usage instructions (e.g. how to sync dependencies or how to recompile the binary)
+> and platform-specific notices.
+
+There, you should have two `remote` URLs in git:
+
+* `origin` will point to `electron/electron`
+* `fork` will point to your fork (`my-org/electron`)
 
 Once you've built the project locally, you're ready to start making changes!
 
@@ -48,7 +57,7 @@ To keep your development environment organized, create local branches to
 hold your work. These should be branched directly off of the `main` branch.
 
 ```sh
-$ git checkout -b my-branch -t upstream/main
+git checkout -b my-branch
 ```
 
 ## Making Changes
@@ -60,7 +69,7 @@ changes to either the C/C++ code in the `shell/` folder,
 the JavaScript code in the `lib/` folder, the documentation in `docs/api/`
 or tests in the `spec/` folder.
 
-Please be sure to run `npm run lint` from time to time on any code changes
+Please be sure to run `yarn lint` from time to time on any code changes
 to ensure that they follow the project's code style.
 
 See [coding style](coding-style.md) for
@@ -75,8 +84,8 @@ across multiple commits. There is no limit to the number of commits in a
 pull request.
 
 ```sh
-$ git add my/changed/files
-$ git commit
+git add my/changed/files
+git commit
 ```
 
 Note that multiple commits get squashed when they are landed.
@@ -138,8 +147,8 @@ Once you have committed your changes, it is a good idea to use `git rebase`
 (not `git merge`) to synchronize your work with the main repository.
 
 ```sh
-$ git fetch upstream
-$ git rebase upstream/main
+git fetch origin
+git rebase origin/main
 ```
 
 This ensures that your working branch has the latest changes from `electron/electron`
@@ -156,7 +165,7 @@ Before submitting your changes in a pull request, always run the full
 test suite. To run the tests:
 
 ```sh
-$ npm run test
+yarn test
 ```
 
 Make sure the linter does not report any issues and that all tests pass.
@@ -165,7 +174,7 @@ Please do not submit patches that fail either check.
 If you are updating tests and want to run a single spec to check it:
 
 ```sh
-$ npm run test -match=menu
+yarn test -match=menu
 ```
 
 The above would only run spec modules matching `menu`, which is useful for
@@ -179,13 +188,13 @@ begin the process of opening a pull request by pushing your working branch
 to your fork on GitHub.
 
 ```sh
-$ git push origin my-branch
+git push fork my-branch
 ```
 
 ### Step 9: Opening the Pull Request
 
 From within GitHub, opening a new pull request will present you with a template
-that should be filled out. It can be found [here](https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/main/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md).
+that should be filled out. It can be found [here](../../.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md).
 
 If you do not adequately complete this template, your PR may be delayed in being merged as maintainers
 seek more information or clarify ambiguities.
@@ -203,9 +212,9 @@ branch, add a new commit with those changes, and push those to your fork.
 GitHub will automatically update the pull request.
 
 ```sh
-$ git add my/changed/files
-$ git commit
-$ git push origin my-branch
+git add my/changed/files
+git commit
+git push fork my-branch
 ```
 
 There are a number of more advanced mechanisms for managing commits using
@@ -213,13 +222,12 @@ There are a number of more advanced mechanisms for managing commits using
 
 Feel free to post a comment in the pull request to ping reviewers if you are
 awaiting an answer on something. If you encounter words or acronyms that
-seem unfamiliar, refer to this
-[glossary](https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/dev/glossary).
+seem unfamiliar, refer to the
+[Chromium glossary](https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/dev/glossary).
 
 #### Approval and Request Changes Workflow
 
-All pull requests require approval from a
-[Code Owner](https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/main/.github/CODEOWNERS)
+All pull requests require approval from a [Code Owner](../../.github/CODEOWNERS)
 of the area you modified in order to land. Whenever a maintainer reviews a pull
 request they may request changes. These may be small, such as fixing a typo, or
 may involve substantive changes. Such requests are intended to be helpful, but